Social Statistics MCQ PDF

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 Social Statistics
MCQ PDF
Cou
Social Statistics introduces students to the fundamental concepts and methods used to

collect, analyze, and interpret quantitative data in the social sciences. The course covers

a range of statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics, probability distributions,

hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and analysis of variance, with a focus

on their application to real-world social phenomena. Students will learn how to critically

evaluate statistical information presented in academic research and the media, use

statistical software to perform data analysis, and develop the skills necessary to make

informed decisions based on empirical evidence. The course aims to equip students with

a solid foundation in statistical reasoning, enabling them to conduct their own research

and effectively communicate statistical findings in the context of sociology, political

science, economics, psychology, and related fields.

Recommended Textbook
An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done 5th Edition by Emily Stier Adler

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15 Chapters
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708 Flashcards
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Page 2
 Chapter 1: The Uses of Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) One type of applied research that jointly involves researchers and community
members is called
A) evaluation research.
B) social theory.
C) participatory action research.
D) quantitative methods.
E) none of these.
Answer: C

Q2) A researcher is curious about why some students perform better on essay exams
than others.He is engaged in
A) applied research.
B) descriptive research.
C) basic research.
D) quantitative research.
E) evaluation research.
Answer: C

Q3) Researchers must subject their findings to the scrutiny of other researchers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True

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Page 3
 Chapter 2: Theory and Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we develop ways to classify subjects to represent variables that we are
interested in understanding,we are employing
A) measurement.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) inductive reasoning.
D) variable analysis.
E) none of these.
Answer: A

Q2) Which of the following is a category of a variable?

A) male
B) Asian
C) sociology
D) divorced
E) all of these are categories of variables
Answer: E

Q3) The fact that two variables are associated does not necessarily mean that one
variable causes another variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True

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Page 4
 Chapter 3: Ethics and Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) If no force or coercion is used to enroll subjects in a study,that will satisfy the
question of whether they are voluntarily participating in the research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False

Q2) First and foremost,the central ethical obligation for researchers is to

A) obtain informed consent.
B) receive IRB approval.
C) protect study participants from harm.
D) both A and B.
E) none of these
Answer: C

Q3) It is ethical to ask permission to observe groups or organizations who meet in private
settings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True

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Page 5
 Chapter 4: Planning a Research Project
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Sample Questions
Q1) Keywords are terms and concepts of interest; they are helpful when finding sources
for a literature review.
A)True
B)False

Q2) The reason that Michele Hoffnung undertook her research was because
A) she felt alienated from her job and wanted to understand whether dual career
families experienced high levels of stress.
B) she was a working mother and was interested in learning how young women
balanced work and family demands.
C) there was an opportunity to apply for a large research grant to support the
investigation.
D) although she had no personal interest in the topic, she thought that the topic of
working mothers was a very important social issue.
E) none of these.

Q3) Peer-reviewed journals include articles that have been evaluated by content experts
before publication.
A)True
B)False

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Page 6
 Chapter 5: Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although convenience samples are widely used in research,what undermines their
claims to generalizability?

Q2) An unrepresentative sample is referred to as a

A) framed sample.
B) generalized sample.
C) biased sample.
D) coverage error.
E) sampling error.

Q3) You want to draw a sample of the employees at a large university ensuring that in
your sample you have people represented from all personnel categories:
administrators,faculty,secretarial staff,cleaning staff,mail room
staff,technicians,students,etc.You want to use a probability sample.Which type of
probability sample would be best for your purposes?
A) cluster sample
B) stratified sample
C) quota sample
D) simple random sample
E) snowball sample

Q4) What lessons were learned in the presidential sampling examples?

Q5) Identify and describe the sources of errors associated with sampling.
Page 7
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 Chapter 6: Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Content validity is a test for validity which involves utilizing the judgment of experts in
the field.
A)True
B)False

Q2) is the process of clarifying what is meant by a concept.

A) Operationalization
B) Measurement
C) Defining
D) Quantifying
E) Conceptualizing

Q3) A set of categories that defines class assignment as freshman,sophomore,junior,and

senior is an ordinal level of measurement.
A)True
B)False

Q4) error occurs when the measurement we obtain is not accurate.

A) Content
B) Coverage
C) Sampling
D) Measurement
E) Validity

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 Chapter 7: Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Case Study

Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a respondent dies between two data collections,she has contributed to panel
fatigue.
A)True
B)False

Q2) In a panel design,researchers assemble a panel of experts and ask them about
opinions on a topic of interest.
A)True
B)False

Q3) What is one way to combat issues of internal validity?

A) Do not ask people about things that occurred in the past.
B) Conduct longitudinal studies versus cross-sectional studies.
C) Never conduct a cross-sectional design.
D) Conduct longitudinal studies versus cross-sectional studies AND do not ask people
about things that occurred in the past.
E) Issues of internal validity cannot be avoided.

Q4) One of the potential problems with longitudinal research is keeping in contact with
respondents over time and keeping their information confidential.
A)True
B)False
Page 9

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 Chapter 8: Experimental Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In posttest only quasi-experimental designs,the major threat to internal validity is
that it is virtually impossible to conclude that changes are the result of the manipulation
of the independent variable alone.
A)True
B)False

Q2) In an experimental design,the independent variable is______.

A) eliminated
B) manipulated
C) reduced
D) extended
E) promoted

Q3) Many research studies are provoked by an individual's interest in and passion about
an area of investigation.Think about an issue that you care deeply about and devise a
research study that would involve an experimental or quasi- experimental design.How
would you design a research approach that would minimize the effect of experimenter
expectations or testing effects? What steps would you take?

Q4) Describe the differences between a comparison group quasi-experiment and a

post-test only quasi-experiment.

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Page 10
 Chapter 9: Questionnaires and Structured Interviews
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rewrite the following question to avoid wording problems outlined in the text:
"Don't you agree that the government should not unnecessarily intervene with military
actions around the world?"

Q2) A cover letter

A) provides context for the research.
B) provides legitimacy for the project.
C) is not really necessary for mail surveys.
D) should also be used with in-person interviews.
E) provides context for the research and legitimacy for the project.

Q3) Among the following,the data collection method that is most costly is
A) mail questionnaires.
B) phone surveys.
C) group administered questionnaires.
D) in-person interviews.
E) All of these cost about the same.

Q4) A pilot test is useful to pretest a questionnaire.

A)True
B)False

Q5) List two advantages and two disadvantages of an in-person interview.

Q6) Compare the advantages and disadvantages

Page 11 of mail vs.phone surveys.

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 Chapter 10: Qualitative Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a benefit to group interviewing?
A) Group sessions are less time consuming.
B) Group sessions are cost effective.
C) Members in group can help other respondents recall information.
D) Group sessions can be stimulating to respondents.
E) All of these are benefits of group interviews.

Q2) A focus group is organized to bring together as diverse a population as possible.

A)True
B)False

Q3) An informed consent form should include information about the purpose of the
study,sponsorship,the benefits and risks to self and others,and
A) a clause about releasing the researcher from liability.
B) who has access to the records and for what purpose.
C) mention of funding the researcher has received to conduct the research.
D) the name of the director of the Institutional Review Board to contact with complaints.
E) the amount of time the subject is involved.

Q4) Describe what happens after the interviews have been completed.

Q5) Describe the issues of validity for qualitative interviews.

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Page 12
 Chapter 11: Observational Techniques
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gaining access to,and then getting along in,a site is much more a matter of social
skill or________when the observer intends to announce her observer role.
A) degree
B) resources
C) income
D) degree and income
E) none of these

Q2) In the focal research by Mueller,Dirks,and Picca,how was the data collected about
Halloween costuming?
A) video ethnography
B) photographs
C) interviews
D) observation on Halloween
E) journal entries

Q3) Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using observational methods.

Q4) Observational research includes participant observation but does not include non
participant observation.
A)True
B)False

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Page 13
 Chapter 12: Using Available Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "Garbage Project" is an example of an erosion measure,in which the contents are
sorted and measured.
A)True
B)False

Q2) Secondary data are frequently contrasted with

A) primary data.
B) existing statistics.
C) available data.
D) aggregate data.
E) both available data and aggregate data.

Q3) Define and provide an example of physical traces,erosion measures,and accretion

measures.

Q4) Personal records tend to have easier access than physical traces.
A)True
B)False

Q5) In the focal research by Martinez and Lee,Martinez had to spend hours with police
detectives who acted as gatekeepers for the data.
A)True
B)False

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 Chapter 13: Content Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Like other kinds of social research,one of the first steps in content analysis is to
determine
A) the number of cases that the research will focus on.
B) the kind of medium that the analysis will focus on.
C) the units of analysis that the research will focus on.
D) the ease of accessibility of the subject matter.
E) none of these.

Q2) Content analysis allows us to study the past.

A)True
B)False

Q3) Visual analysis is

A) content analysis designed for statistical analysis.
B) content analysis designed for verbal analysis.
C) a set of techniques used to analyze images.
D) using technology and media to analyze data.
E) none of these.

Q4) What is the difference between units of analysis and units of observation? Under
what situation would the units of analysis and units of observation be the same?

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Page 15
 Chapter 14: Applied Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of research is used to solve immediate social problems?
A) applied research
B) basic research
C) participatory action research
D) both applied and participatory action research
E) experimental research.

Q2) In participatory action research,research groups are usually composed of

A) academics only.
B) professionals and ordinary people.
C) community members who depend on the expertise of academics.
D) community members who depend on the technical skills of academics.
E) community members who depend on both the expertise and technical skills of
academics.

Q3) There are basically two kinds of evaluation: outcome evaluations and cost-benefit
evaluations.
A)True
B)False

Q4) Consider an existing program at your college/university.How would you go about

evaluating that program?

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Page 16
 Chapter 15: Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Examining the relationship between a mother's occupation and her daughter's
selection of an occupation is an
Example of
A) univariate analysis.
B) bivariate analysis.
C) descriptive analysis.
D) a measure of central tendency.
E) elaboration.

Q2) Which of the following is not a kind of elaboration?

A) intervening
B) explanation
C) replication
D) specification
E) interpretation

Q3) Measures of association help to determine if one variable caused another.

A)True
B)False

Q4) The range of a variable is the difference between the lowest and highest values.
A)True
B)False

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