(Ebook) Romeo and Juliet (The Cambridge Dover Wilson Shakespeare 30) by William Shakespeare ISBN 9781108006026, 1108006027 full
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Cambridge Library CoLLeCtion
Books of enduring scholarly value
Literary studies
This series provides a high-quality selection of early printings of literary
works, textual editions, anthologies and literary criticism which are of
lasting scholarly interest. Ranging from Old English to Shakespeare to early
twentieth-century work from around the world, these books offer a valuable
resource for scholars in reception history, textual editing, and literary studies.
William Shakespeare
E di ted by John D over Wilson
C A m B R i D g E U N i V E R Si T y P R E S S
Cambridge New york melbourne madrid Cape Town Singapore São Paolo Delhi
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New york
www.cambridge.org
information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108006026
iSBN 978-1-108-00602-6
This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect
the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated.
THE WORKS OF SHAKESPEARE
EDITED FOR THE SYNDICS OF THE
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
BY
JOHN DOVER WILSON
ASSISTED IN THIS VOLUME BY
GEORGE IAN DUTHIE
CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
I969
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,
Sao Paulo, Delhi
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521094979
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
PREFATORY NOTE ix
INTRODUCTION x;
NOTES u9
GLOSSARY 222
IX
PREFATORY NOTE
The appearance of the present volume leaves another
eight or nine to be published in this edition. But for
unforeseen accidents, the task might be accomplished
single-handed in another eight or nine years. Both the
publishers and I are, however, anxious to quicken the
pace; my chief reason being the Psalmist's warning to
septuagenarians. To this end I have sought help from
others, and have been fortunate in securing it from
three well-known scholars, Dr Alice Walker, Mr J. C.
Maxwell, and Professor Duthie of McGill and Aber-
deen ; the last consenting to collaborate in two texts, this
one and King Lear, before setting his hand to The Oxford
Shakespeare, which he inherits from R. B. McKerrow.
The preparation of King Lear is well forward,
while Dr Walker is engaged with me on Othello and
Mr Maxwell on Pericles, two plays which they will
shortly follow, it is hoped, with Troilus and Cressida
and Timon of Athens. Yet, when I observe that
Professor Duthie and I began editing Romeo and Julie
in 1949, subscribers will be wise not to expect too
early a completion of the undertaking. One never
knows, indeed, what one may find in Shakespeare.
And that the settlement of the present text has not
proved an exactly easy job will be evident from our
Note on the Copy and from the fact that, as the Notes
indicate, we have been obliged to leave some points
still undecided. It should be stated, in conclusion, that
the following Introduction, except for an abridgment
x ROMEO AND J U L I E T
of his opening section on the sources, is Professor
Duthie's, and the Stage History as usual Mr Young's,
while for all the rest—text, Note-on the Copy, Notes,
and Glossary—Professor Duthie and I are jointly
responsible, though we have found it convenient,
necessary indeed in matters of disagreement, to sign
a note here and there with our initials. T _ Txr
J.D.W.
1954
XI
INTRODUCTION
In November 1562, Richard Tottel, who a few
years earlier had issued that famous 'miscellany' of
Songes and Sonnettes which now passes under his name,
published an octavo volume entitled The Tragical)
Historye of Romeus and luliet, written first in Italian
by Bandell, and nowe in English by Ar. Br. This
History was a poem of a little over three thousand lines,
in 'poulter's measure' (a six-foot iambic line followed
by, and rhyming with, a second line of seven feet);
a tiresome metre in large quantities, and hardly
capable of intense passion, though here handled with
some charm and tenderness. That 'Ar. Br.' stands for
Arthur Brooke, a young poet who was shortly after
drowned while crossing the Channel, we learn from
George Turbervile, who printed an epitaph on
him in 1570 which makes special reference to the
promise shown in a poem on 'luliet and her mate'.
Most critics agree that this was the poem upon which
some thirty years later Shakespeare founded his
tragedy, but few, not we think even P . A. Daniel,
Brooke's best editor, have appreciated the fullness of
Shakespeare's debt. The drama follows the poem not
only in incident, but often in word and phrase. Many
of these verbal parallels are cited in the Notes below,
but no verbal balance-sheet can convey a complete
sense of the intimacy of the connexion. It looks as if
Shakespeare knew the poem almost by heart, so fre-
quently does he recall some expression or train of
thought that occurs in one part of Brooke's story and
adapt it to another.
But the tragical history is much older than Brooke's
poem or than Bandello's prose version (1554) fr
xii ROMEO AND J U L I E T
which Brooke professed to draw it, though he actually
went to a French rendering published in 1559 by
Boaistuau, who added to Bandello's straightforward
tale a number of fatalistic and ominous touches, which
Brooke also took over and Shakespeare later turned to
a still better use. One incident indeed which he in-
herited, the heroine's use of a potion to escape an en-
forced marriage, goes right back to the late Greek
novelist Xenophon of Ephesus; while the family names
of Capulet and Montague, in the form Cappelletti and
Montecchi, originally belonged to local branches of the
political factions of the thirteenth century, the one of
the Guelfs in Cremona, the other of the Ghibellines in
Verona, their sole connexion being a line in the sixth
canto of Dante's Purgatorio,1 which mentions them
together as examples of the warring cliques that tore
Italy to pieces at that date. The story in all its essentials
was, however, first found in / / Novellino (1476) by
Masuccio Salerintano, who is deeply indebted to
Boccaccio. It was retold some fifty years later by Luigi
da Porto, who seems to have invented the names of
most of the principal characters. And from Porto it
passed to Sevin the earliest writer to give it a French
dress (1542). Sevin was in his turn influenced by
Boccaccio, adopting certain details from the latter's
Filostrato, itself the source of Chaucer's Troilus and
Criseyde. That Shakespeare himself went to Troilus
and Criseyde direct for inspiration there is no proof,
though he knew the poem, but Brooke certainly
borrowed from it,* and thus the two greatest love
poems in our language were doubly linked together.
One of the details Sevin added was the visit to the
apothecary which Boaistuau borrowed in turn from
Bandello. Bandello, however, took it, with the rest of
the story, not direct from Sevin, but through the medium
1
vi. 105. * See 1. 3. z ff. n. for an illustration.
INTRODUCTION xiii
of the Italian pseudonymous poet Clizia, who got it
from Sevin. Finally, five years later than Brooke's,
a second translation from Boaistuau appeared in Eng-
lish, this time in prose from the pen of William Painter,
being one of the tales in his Palace of Pleasure (i 567).
It seems likely that Shakespeare had read Painter, and
he may also have made use of a lost play on the subject,
which Brooke mentions in his preface, though he does
not tell us whether it was in English or Latin. Such in
bare outline is the tangled history1 of the expanding
legend of the lovers 'in fair Verona', which when
Shakespeare took it over was one of the best known
stories of Europe, so much so that it 'adorned the
hangings of chambers, and Juliet figures as a tragic
heroine in the sisterhood of Dido and Cleopatra': 3
For out of olde feldes, as man seith,
Cometh al this newe corn froe yeere to yeere;
And out of olde bokes in good feith,
Cometh al this newe science that man lere.
Yet each new crop was different from those before;
and features peculiar to Shakespeare's version were
doubtless intended to make the story more powerfully
dramatic than it is in any of the other versions. Brooke's
story extends over a period of several months; Shake-
speare's is compressed into a few days.3 This compres-
sion no doubt represents an attempt (whether fully
successful or not) to induce in the spectator or reader
a feeling of tragic inevitability. Again, in Shakespeare
1
For a comprehensive study of the sources see Olin H.
Moore, The Legend of Romeo and Juliet (Columbus, Ohio,
1950). See also H. B. Charlton in Proceedings of the British
Academy (1939), pp. 157 ff., and the citations given by
Georges A . Bonnard in Review of English Studies, New
Series, vol. 11 (1951), pp. 319 ff.
a
C. H. Herford, E<versley Shakespeare, vii, 397.
3 On this matter see Georges A . Bonnard, loc. cit.
xiv ROMEO AND JULIET
Paris comes to the tomb in the last scene of the play.
In no other known version does he do this, and the effect
of the innovation is dramatically powerful. Yet again,
if it is one of Brooke's claims to distinction that he
produced the essentials of the Nurse's character1 as it
appears in our play, Shakespeare himself, as far as we
know, may claim sole credit for the essentials of the
character of his own Mercutio who is certainly one of
his most vivid creations. The Mercutio of the earlier
versions is hardly a character at all.*
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