THE POTENTIAL

Positioning FOR
Pakistan for
MEDICAL TOURISM
integration with
IN PAKISTAN
Regional Comprehensive
Economic Partnership (RCEP)
The Pakistan Business Council (PBC)

The Pakistan Business Council (PBC)

December 2024

Ali Khizer
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN iii

Acknowledgments

Team Leader:
Samir S. Amir

Lead Researcher:
Shahray Jawaid

Disclaimer

The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of
Directors and Members of the Pakistan Business Council or the companies they represent. Any conclusions and
analysis based on primary interviews and from UNCTAD, ITC Trade Map, SBP, Statista and WEF data are the
responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of these agencies. Although every effort
has been made to cross-check and verify the authenticity of the date, the Pakistan Business Council, or the
author(s), do not guarantee the data included in this work. All data and statistics used are correct as of August
30th 2024 and maybe subject to change.

For any queries or feedback regarding this report, please contact

[email protected]
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN iv

Acknowledgement

The Pakistan Business Council would like to acknowledge the support provided by its members Ferozsons
Laboratories Limited, Getz Pharma and Hilton Pharma Limited in facilitating interactions with key stakeholders
to enable the authors to get a better understanding of the potential of medical tourism in Pakistan and the
challenges and their solutions.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN v

About the Pakistan Business Council

The Pakistan Business Council (PBC) is a research-based business advocacy platform established in 2005. It is
now supported by over 100 private sector local and multinational businesses with significant investment in, and
long-term commitment to sustainable growth of the country. The PBC members come from 14 countries, have
leading roles in 17 major sectors of the formal economy, generate 40% of Pakistan’s annual exports, contribute a
third of Pakistan’s total tax revenues and employ three million persons. Their combined sales represent every 9th
Rupee of Pakistan’s GDP.

PBC’s major objectives are to advocate polices that lead to the creation of jobs, value-added exports and
reduction in import reliance through improved competitiveness of manufacturing, services and the agriculture
sectors. It also promotes formalization of the economy. PBC’s over-arching theme, “Make-in-Pakistan” consists
of three pillars: “Grow More/Grow Better”, “Make More/ Make Better” and “Serve More/Serve Better.” Its
evidence-based advocacy is backed by over two hundred and fifty studies to date through its full-time research
team, supplemented by collaborative research with renowned industry experts and economists.

Background to the Study

As part of PBC’s theme of Serve More/Serve Better, the PBC has published a series of reports on the services sector,
these include:

ƒ The Global Trade in Services & Pakistan

ƒ Enhancing the Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Computer Services Exports
ƒ Enhancing the Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Services Exports – Other Business Services
ƒ Using E-commerce to Promote Exports of Pakistani Fashion Products
ƒ Promoting International Religious Tourism to Pakistan

PBC is currently doing in-depth studies relating to competitiveness of selected services sectors with the objective
of recommending policy frameworks for enhancing these sectors export competitiveness. The current study
titled ‘The Potential for Medical Tourism in Pakistan’ is part of a series of studies in which the PBC looks at export
competitiveness of select sectors in the services sector.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN vi

Medical Tourism

Within Tourism overall, the highest revenue is contributed by personal travel. Personal travel is further
categorized into health and education, where health has the highest share after leisure travel HS Code 4.2.3
(Travel, Personal, Other {other than health and education}). In Pakistan’s case, there is potential to expand the
medical tourism industry and reap the benefits similar to those in other regional peer countries. In neighboring
India. “The Indian Medical Tourism Market was estimated at USD 6.79 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach
USD 12.64 billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 13.23% during the forecast period (2023-2028).”1

Broad Objectives of the Study

The broad objectives of the study are to:

ƒ Analyze the local and global factors that affect the global medical tourism sector.
ƒ Understand the strengths of competitor countries when it comes to medical tourism.
ƒ Based on interviews with industry players and a review of secondary data, provide specific policy
recommendations to enhance the exports of medical tourism services from Pakistan.

The PBC’s Founding Objectives

ƒ To provide for the formation and exchange of views on any question connected with the conduct of business
in, and from Pakistan.

ƒ To conduct, organize, set up, administer and manage campaigns, surveys, focus groups, workshops, seminars
and fieldwork for carrying out research and raising awareness in regard to matters affecting businesses in
Pakistan.

ƒ To acquire, collect, compile, analyze, publish and provide statistics, data analysis and other information
relating to businesses of any kind, nature or description and on opportunities for such businesses within and
outside Pakistan.

ƒ To promote and facilitate the integration of businesses in Pakistan into the World economy and to encourage
in the development and growth of Pakistani multinationals.

ƒ To interact with governments in the economic development of Pakistan and to facilitate, foster and further
the economic, social and human resource development of Pakistan.

1 Mordor Intelligence
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN vii

Quick Facts

What was the value of the global medical tourism market in 2022?
In 2022, the global market for medical tourism was valued at USD 19.28 billion.

At what CAGR is the medical tourism market projected to grow between 2023 & 2030?
The market is expected to register a positive CAGR of 21.3% between 2023 & 2030.

What are the key factors driving the global medical tourism market?
Growing inbound tourism coupled with a preference for low-cost high quality medical care facilities in world
class centers in developing countries are the key factors driving the global market.

Who are the key players in the global market?

Thailand, India, Türkiye and now increasingly Malaysia are the key players in the market.

What are the global medical tourism market trends?

Rising preference for cosmetic procedures is the major trend boosting the growth of the industry.

The PBC is a private sector not-for-profit advocacy platform set up in 2005 is composed of more than 100 of Pakistan’s
largest businesses. PBC’s research-based advocacy supports measures that improve Pakistani industry’s regional and
global competitiveness. More information about the PBC, its members, objectives, and activities can be found on its
website: https://www.pbc.org.pk

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN viii

Executive Summary

Introduction

Medical tourism, which involves traveling internationally for healthcare, has emerged as a major industry globally,
valued at $19.28 billion in 2022 and projected to grow at a robust 21.3% CAGR by 2030. Key players such as
India, Türkiye, Thailand, and Malaysia have established themselves as medical tourism hubs, leveraging
competitive pricing, advanced healthcare facilities, and government support. Pakistan, with its low-cost
healthcare services, strategic geographic location, and diverse medical expertise, is well-positioned to enter this
growing market.

Global Context and Key Trends

The global medical tourism market is driven by rising healthcare costs in developed countries, long wait times,
and the demand for specialized treatments. Many countries in Asia have successfully attracted international
patients by offering advanced medical technologies, high-quality care, and a blend of medical and leisure tourism.
Emerging trends include a growing focus on cosmetic procedures, wellness tourism, and leveraging traditional
medicine.

Countries like Türkiye and India have successfully marketed their capabilities, supported by internationally
accredited hospitals, seamless visa processes, and favorable government policies. Türkiye, for instance, has
developed a $3.43 billion medical tourism industry, while India offers high-quality cardiac, orthopedic, and
oncology services at competitive prices.

Pakistan’s Potential

Pakistan’s healthcare sector includes internationally accredited hospitals, skilled healthcare professionals, and
relatively low treatment costs, providing a foundation for medical tourism. Advanced treatments in cardiology,
orthopedics, oncology, fertility, and cosmetic surgery are available at significantly lower costs compared to
regional competitors. For instance, a heart bypass surgery in Pakistan costs $1,500–$7,700, compared to
$8,000–$15,000 in other regional hubs.

Moreover, Pakistan’s unique geographic and cultural advantages include proximity to markets like Afghanistan,
Iran, and Central Asia, and a strong affinity with Muslim-majority countries in Africa and the Middle East. The
large Pakistani diaspora in North America, Europe, and the Gulf region also presents an opportunity to attract
patients seeking affordable care and familial support.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN ix

Challenges to Development

Despite its potential, Pakistan faces significant hurdles in establishing itself as a medical tourism destination:

1. Safety Perceptions: Concerns about terrorism and crime impact Pakistan’s reputation internationally.
2. Inconsistent Healthcare Quality: Limited international accreditations and uneven quality across cities
hinder trust.
3. Visa and Accessibility Barriers: Lengthy visa processes, corruption at border crossings, and limited direct
flights deter foreign patients.
4. Weak Marketing: Unlike competitors, Pakistan lacks a unified branding and promotion strategy.
5. Regulatory Gaps: A lack of oversight on healthcare quality and patient rights undermines the trust of
potential medical tourists.
6. Infrastructure Deficiencies: Outdated equipment and inconsistent service levels pose barriers to scaling.

Competitor Insights

Key players in the medical tourism industry offer valuable lessons for Pakistan. India, with its comprehensive
medical visa system, internationally trained doctors, and integration of wellness tourism (e.g., Ayurveda), attracts
millions of medical tourists annually. Türkiye’s strong regulatory frameworks, government-backed incentives,
and investments in infrastructure make it a model for growth. Thailand’s seamless blend of traditional and
modern medicine, alongside patient-focused hospitality, underscores the importance of holistic care.

Key Recommendations

To unlock its potential, Pakistan must address critical gaps through a comprehensive strategy:

1. Policy and Governance Improvements:

ƒ Improve Global Perception: Launch campaigns to address safety concerns and highlight Pakistan’s
strengths in healthcare and hospitality.
ƒ Simplify Visa Processes: Establish e-visas and dedicated medical tourism facilitation centers.
ƒ Stronger Regulations: Enforce international healthcare standards, ensure equipment upgrades, and
address malpractice concerns.

2. Infrastructure Development:
ƒ Upgrade Facilities: Invest in state-of-the-art medical equipment and ensure uniform service quality.
ƒ Expand Connectivity: Develop direct flight routes to key markets like Africa, Central Asia, and the
Middle East.
ƒ Post-Treatment Care: Establish satellite clinics for follow-ups in target regions.

3. Industry Partnerships and Marketing:

ƒ Collaborate with Private Sector: Encourage public-private partnerships to promote medical tourism.
ƒ Brand Development: Develop a unified medical tourism brand with targeted marketing campaigns.
ƒ Leverage the Diaspora: Promote healthcare services among overseas Pakistanis through embassies and
cultural organizations.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN x

4. Specialized Services and Training:

ƒ Accreditation: Focus on international certifications such as JCI to enhance credibility.

ƒ Niche Treatments: Promote specialties like cosmetic surgery, organ transplants, and fertility treatments.
ƒ Training and Recruitment: Address nursing shortages and encourage the return of skilled medical
professionals abroad.

Conclusion

Pakistan has the potential to transform into a competitive medical tourism destination. Its affordable healthcare,
cultural ties with neighboring countries, and growing expertise in specialized medical procedures position it well
to attract international patients. However, achieving this requires addressing safety concerns, ensuring
consistent healthcare quality, and investing in infrastructure and marketing. With coordinated efforts between
government and private stakeholders, Pakistan can establish itself as a regional hub for medical tourism,
contributing to economic growth and global integration.
Table of Contents

Acknowledgement............................................................................................................................................... iv

About the Pakistan Business Council ......................................................................................................... v

Background to the Study ................................................................................................................................. v

Medical Tourism.................................................................................................................................................... vi

The PBC’s Founding Objectives....................................................................................................................... vi

Quick Facts ............................................................................................................................................................ vii

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ viii

The PBC Member Companies........................................................................................................................... xiv

The PBC Affiliates................................................................................................................................................. xvi

Definition of Medical Tourism ........................................................................................................................

q 1

Sub-categories ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Medical Tourism................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Health Tourism................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Medical Travel...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

The Medical Tourism Index........................................................................................................................................ 3

What are Exports and Imports of Services in Medical Tourism?....................................................... 4

Global Demand for Medical Tourism ........................................................................................................... 6

Major Players in the Medical Tourism Market in Asia........................................................................... 12

Türkiye ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12

India ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Thailand ............................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Malaysia ............................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Common Factors Driving Medical Tourism in Different Countries................................................... 23

Pakistan ............................................................................................................................................................ 25

Potential markets for medical tourism for Pakistan................................................................................. 26

Treatments which can be promoted from Pakistan.................................................................................. 27

Price Comparison of Treatments ......................................................................................................................... 29

 Challenges in Promoting Medical Tourism to Pakistan: .......................................................................... 29

Peshawar................................................................................................................................................................................ 31

Islamabad .............................................................................................................................................................................. 32

Quetta ................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Lahore ................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Karachi ................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Recommendations: ............................................................................................................................................. 37

Government/Regulators led recommendations:.......................................................................................... 37

Industry/Sector Recommendations:.................................................................................................................... 38

Joint Recommendations:............................................................................................................................................. 38

Annexure 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Annexure 2 ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
List of Figures

Figure 1: Value of Medical Tourism in USD Bn....................................................................................................... 6

Figure 2: Cost-benefit analysis before Opting to travel for Medical Tourism.................................... 8

Figure 3: Segments of the Medical Tourism Industry..................................................................................... 9

Figure 4: Export of Medical Services Percentage wise by country........................................................... 10

List of Tables

Table 1: Exported value of HS Code 4.2.1 (Travel, Personal, Health-related)

and its CAGR (USD Mn)............................................................................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Price comparison of treatments................................................................................................................. 29

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN xiv

The PBC Member Companies

THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN xv

Packages Limited
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN xvi

The PBC Affiliates

engro polymer & chemicals

engro elengy terminal engro polymer & chemicals

engro elengy terminal

engro polymer & chemicals

engro elengy terminal

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 1

q Definition of Medical Tourism

Medical tourism refers to the practice of individuals traveling to other countries to seek medical treatment or
healthcare services. This phenomenon has gained popularity due to various factors, including social media, the
pursuit of cost-effective medical procedures, access to advanced or specialized treatments, shorter waiting
times, cheaper cost of air travel and at times the desire to combine healthcare with leisure or a vacation.

People engaging in medical tourism often seek a wide range of medical services, including, but not restricted to
elective procedures such as cosmetic surgeries, dental treatments, fertility treatments, and more. The availability
of high-quality healthcare services at lower costs, combined with the opportunity to explore a new destination,
have contributed to the growth of the global medical tourism industry.

While medical tourism can offer benefits to individuals in terms of affordability and accessibility, it also raises
considerations such as quality assurance, continuity of care, and potential legal and ethical issues. Patients are
therefore encouraged to thoroughly research and plan their medical tourism experience, taking into account the
reputation of healthcare facilities, the qualifications of healthcare professionals, and the overall safety and
regulations of the chosen destination.

Sub-categories

While the terms “medical tourism,” “health tourism,” and “medical travel” are often used interchangeably, there
are subtle differences in their meanings. Broadly these terms refer to the practice of individuals traveling to
another location, usually a different country, to seek medical treatment, care, or wellness services. In the next
section, these distinctions are further clarified.

Medical Tourism

Focus: Primarily emphasizes is on the medical side of tourism.

Definition: Involves individuals traveling to another location for medical treatment and combining it with
recreational activities, sightseeing, or a vacation.

Example: A person travels to a foreign country for a surgical procedure and then explores the local tourist
attractions during or after his/her recovery.

Health Tourism

Focus: Broader than medical tourism, encompassing various aspects of health and wellness.

Definition: Encompasses not only medical treatment but also wellness services, preventive care, and other
health-related activities.

Example: Someone may travel to a destination not just for a specific medical procedure but also for health
retreats, spa treatments, or wellness programs.
Example: Someone may travel to a des�na�on not just for a specific medical procedure but
also for health retreats, spa treatments, or wellness programs.
THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 2

Medical Travel

Focus: Emphasizes
Medical Travel the act of traveling for medical purposes.
Defini�on: Refers to the broader concept of traveling for medical reasons, without
Focus: Emphasizes the act of traveling for medical purposes.
necessarily incorpora�ng tourism or leisure ac�vi�es.
Definition: Refers to the broader concept of traveling for medical reasons, without necessarily incorporating
Example: A person travels to another country solely for medical treatment, without
tourism or leisure activities.
engaging in tourism or recrea�onal ac�vi�es.
It's important
Example: A personto note
travelsthat these terms
to another countryare used
solely forinterchangeably
medical treatment,inwithout
many contexts,
engaging inand theiror
tourism
recreational activities.
meanings can overlap. The choice of terminology may depend on the specific focus of the
industry, the services offered, or regional preferences. In prac�ce, the dis�nc�ons between
It’s important to note that these terms are used interchangeably in many contexts, and their meanings can
these terms may not always be strictly adhered to, and they are o�en used interchangeably
overlap. The choice of terminology may depend on the specific focus of the industry, the services offered, or
in discussions
regional related
preferences. to seeking
In practice, healthcare
the distinctions services
between abroad.
these terms may not always be strictly adhered to,
and they are often used interchangeably in discussions related to seeking healthcare services abroad.

Source:Source:
Internet
Internet (Medical Tourism)
(Medical Tourism)
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 3

The Medical Tourism Index

The Medical Tourism Index (MTI) is a tool that is used to rank countries based on their attractiveness as a medical
tourism (medical travel) destination. The MTI is a wide-ranging ranking system that evaluates various factors
that contribute to a country’s attractiveness as a medical tourism destination. The index has been developed by
the International Healthcare Research Center (IHRC)1, which is an autonomous research organization that
specializes in healthcare and tourism research.

The MTI evaluates 41 indicators across five main categories, including:

1. Medical tourism industry: This category evaluates the size and competitiveness of a country’s medical
tourism industry, including the number of medical facilities, the availability of medical equipment, and the
quality of medical services.

2. Country environment: This category evaluates the overall attractiveness of a country as a tourism
destination, including the safety and security situation of the country, the quality of infrastructure, and the
political stability of the country.

3. Medical tourism costs: This category evaluates the costs of medical procedures in a country, including the
cost of medical treatments, accommodation, and transportation.

4. Medical tourism facilities: This category evaluates the quality of medical facilities in the country, including
the availability of medical technology and the expertise of medical professionals.

5. Medical tourism potential: This category evaluates the potential for growth in the country’s medical tourism
industry, including that country’s economic and demographic factors.

The MTI scores each country on a scale of 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater attractiveness as a
medical tourism destination.

The most recent MTI report was published in 2020, which evaluated 46 countries. Some of the key findings from
the report are:

ƒ Thailand ranked first in the MTI, with a score of 79.53. Thailand has a well-developed medical tourism
industry, with high-quality medical facilities and relatively low medical costs.
ƒ India ranked second in the MTI, with a score of 72.47. India has a large and growing medical tourism industry,
with a wide range of medical treatments available at relatively low costs.
ƒ Mexico ranked third in the MTI, with a score of 70.05. Mexico has a growing medical tourism industry, with
high-quality medical facilities and affordable medical costs.
ƒ The United States ranked ninth in the MTI, with a score of 62.08. The US has a high-quality medical industry,
but its high medical costs and complicated visa procedures for medical tourists have impacted its ranking.
ƒ 97.2% of medical tourists view ‘trust’ as a significant or paramount factor in their decisions, 63.3% of
respondents said accreditation influenced their decision to choose their provider & 57.7% expressed
concerns about international payments, showing the pivotal role of cost transparency and secure payment
options in medical tourism
ƒ The MTI as of 2020 had not ranked Pakistan as it was not one of the 46 evaluated countries.
ƒ The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the medical tourism industry, with many countries
experiencing a decline in medical tourism due to travel restrictions and concerns about the safety of travel.

1 https://www.healthcareresearchcenter.org/
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 4

Overall, the MTI provides a useful tool for understanding the factors that contribute to a country’s attractiveness
as a medical tourism destination. However, it is important to note that the rankings can change over time, as
countries continue to develop their medical tourism industry and the global healthcare landscape evolves.

What are Exports and Imports of Services in Medical Tourism?

Exports of Services in Medical Tourism

When a country provides medical services to foreign nationals, it is exporting medical services. The revenue
generated from foreign patients is an income for the exporting country.

Example:

• India: A patient from the United States travels to India for a knee replacement surgery. The patient pays
for the surgery, hospital stay, and related services. These payments are considered exports of medical
services for India. The revenue generated from this foreign patient contributes to India’s economy.

Imports of Services in Medical Tourism

When residents of a country travel abroad for medical treatment, they are importing medical services. The
money spent on these services flows out of the home country to the country providing the medical care.

Example:

United States: An American citizen travels to Thailand for dental implants. The cost of the treatment,
accommodation, and other related expenses paid to the Thai healthcare providers and related services
are considered imports of medical services for the United States.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 6

Global Demand for Medical Tourism

An aging population and an increase in diseases mostly age and lifestyle related among populations in the
developed countries; overworked health services; and the availability of advanced medical technologies in the
developing countries for the treatment of various chronic health disorders is propelling the global demand for
medical tourism. The support and assistance which is being provided by the tourism departments and the
governments of the host destinations is expected to significantly drive market growth.

People seek medical tourism owing to expensive treatments in their home country, long waiting periods or the
non-availability of such treatments in their home countries. Faced with these situations, and in order to obtain
fast and affordable medical treatment, people tend to opt for medical tourism. Medical tourism has witnessed a
huge traction owing to globalization of the healthcare market. The easy flow of patients, health professionals,
medical technologies, and capital across international borders has fueled the growth of the medical tourism
market.

Finally, the rising awareness regarding medical tourism and the increasing affordability of advanced medical
treatments is a major factor behind the increasing demand for medical tourism.

Increasing investments by governments and the private sector to build strong and advanced healthcare facilities
in host countries is boosting the medical tourism market. Favorable government policies, rising investments on
the development of air connectivity and other transport mediums, and government initiatives to promote medical
tourism are the major factors that contribute in the development of the sector in a particular country.

Moreover, readily available information regarding treatments of various diseases, costs, and globally accepted
“best destinations” for a treatment play a major role in spreading awareness regarding medical tourism.
Furthermore, a lack of adequate number of specialized health professionals and facilities in source countries
results in increased medical tourism.

The figure below shows global medical tourism industry and its increasing trend. The current value in 2024
stands at approximately 47.0 billion USD and is forecast to increase to 111.2 billion USD in 2029 which is a
136.6% increase.

Figure 1: Value of Medical Tourism in USD Bn

120.00 111.20
93.61
100.00
78.70
80.00 66.33
USD Billion

55.83
60.00 47.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Year
Source: Statista

Source:
According to the Medical Tourism Association (MTA)Sta�sta
2
, every year, around 14.0 million people travel globally to
other countries to receive medical care. Rapid advancements in the healthcare industry due to launch of
According to the Medical Tourism Associa�on (MTA) , every year, around 14.0 million people
3

travel globally to other countries to receive medical care. Rapid advancements in the
2 https://www.medicaltourismassociation.com/
healthcare industry due to launch of innova�ve medical devices and the use of non-invasive
surgical procedures are major factors responsible for increased tourism for medical
procedures. Medical tourism has gained trac�on in the last few years among high-income
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 7

innovative medical devices and the use of non-invasive surgical procedures are major factors responsible for
increased tourism for medical procedures. Medical tourism has gained traction in the last few years among high-
income countries such as the U.S.

Furthermore, patients from developed countries, such as the U.S. and the U.K., are travelling to less developed
countries to access health services, mainly driven by the low-cost treatments available in emerging economies. In
addition, both national governments and private businesses in developing and developed nations have
significantly promoted medical tourism as a potential source of foreign revenue.

The table below shows the export value of service HS Code 4.2.1 (Travel, Personal, Health-related) of the top 20
countries. In 2022 Türkiye was the number 1 country to export medical services followed by the United Kingdom
and Thailand. This table is based on inputs provided by the host countries who in a majority of cases do not
differentiate between normal and medical tourism. The table thus may not be reflective of the actual value of exports
of medical services.

Table 1: Exported value of HS Code 4.2.1 (Travel, Personal, Health-related) and its CAGR (USD Mn)

Exported Exported Exported Exported Exported Exported Exported Exported Exported Exported
S.
Exporters value in value in value in value in value in value in value in value in value in value in CAGR
No
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1 Türkiye 772.00 839.00 639.00 715.00 828.00 862.00 1,493.00 1,165.00 1,727.00 1,926.00 10.69
2 United 237.63 345.55 163.47 318.65 184.05 204.13 255.28 47.44 185.68 640.95 11.66
Kingdom
3 Thailand 389.45 397.45 467.21 533.14 588.59 542.21 761.82 260.03 371.03 578.60 4.50

4 United States 793.00 890.00 980.00 1,030.00 1,098.00 1,126.00 1,153.00 267.00 184.00 488.00 -5.25
of America
5 Armenia 63.29 74.53 79.38 94.93 123.60 150.15 189.41 36.10 117.02 318.02 19.65
6 Malaysia 219.36 227.68 234.80 270.96 296.62 358.04 308.96 60.30 16.77 256.36 1.75

7 India 280.13 225.62 275.69 271.29 304.92 109.23 144.91 160.27 123.29 113.63 -9.54
8 Philippines 25.13 27.74 36.42 44.21 68.87 196.18 106.32 61.10 72.69 77.18 13.28
9 Brazil 39.79 29.14 62.44 64.21 72.83 65.63 70.24 39.82 40.41 63.70 5.37
10 Moldova, 15.64 17.32 14.88 16.03 21.29 25.84 27.37 25.12 36.94 50.26 13.85
Republic of
11 Serbia 40.23 41.03 31.42 38.84 40.68 43.24 50.28 34.94 46.18 48.18 2.02

12 Ethiopia 6.43 0.01 0.00 8.77 22.68 56.07 52.48 43.56 32.42 45.76 24.36
13 Albania 18.07 64.87 40.41 38.64 40.39 49.79 56.18 12.07 96.69 40.06 9.25
14 Bosnia and 0.37 10.00 9.95 14.53 14.76 6.88 19.13 4.24 9.48 29.13 62.54
Herzegovina
15 Mongolia 1.72 1.97 2.10 3.20 3.52 3.06 3.85 2.99 3.07 28.04 36.40
16 El Salvador 15.56 14.45 17.96 9.92 8.15 6.87 17.25 5.00 9.86 10.71 -4.06
17 Montenegro 10.93 11.78 5.56 6.60 7.18 8.52 9.42 2.40 4.65 7.63 -3.92

18 Aruba - - - - - 5.87 4.38 2.93 5.03 6.37 0.00

19 Macedonia, 4.10 4.00 4.12 4.53 5.32 5.02 7.37 6.11 9.98 6.26 4.81
North
20 Namibia 3.04 4.22 3.66 8.71 8.84 6.23 4.03 8.55 4.52 4.70 4.94
Source: ITC Trade Map

While medical tourism is on the rise, there are some factors that affect peoples’ decisions while choosing their
travel destination. The figure below shows the pros and cons of choosing to travel abroad for medical tourism.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 8

Advantages:

1. High treatment cost in developed countries as compared to the same treatment done in developing countries.

2. The availability of latest medical technologies in developing countries and high quality of services offered.

3. The lack of availability of medical treatment in conflict torn countries

Disadvantages:

1. Post-operative care/ follow-up treatment is an issue as people fly back to their home country. If after
procedure complications occur, that also raises problems for patients.

2. For most procedures, medical records are required. Smooth transfer of medical records between home
country and travel country can be an issue.

3. Patients
Figure especially from
2: Cost-benefit conflict
analysis before torn countries
Opting face
to travel for visa and
Medical border clearance issues
Tourism

Figure 2: Cost-benefit analysis before Opting to travel for Medical Tourism

HIGH TREATMENT COST IN DEVELOPED

COUNTRIESTHAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Decision making

AVAILABILITY OF LATEST MEDICAL

TECHNOLOGIES AND HIGH QUALITY OF SERVICE
factors

Time frame

Source: Mordor Intelligence

Source: Mordor Intelligence

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 9

Segmenta�on of the Medical Tourism Market

The figure below breaks down medical tourism into 4 broad segments:

The figure below breaks down medical tourism into 4 broad segments:
Figure 3: Segments of the Medical Tourism Industry

Dental Treatment

Cardiovascular Treatment

Cancer Treatment

Cosme�c Treatment

Orthopedic Treatment

Treatment Type Fer�lity Treatment

Neurological Treatment

Other Treatments

Public
Service Provider

Private

Segments

Medical Treatment
Healthcare
Wellness
Service

Alternate Treatment

North America

Europe
Region
Asia Pacific

La�n America

Middle East and Africa

Source: Fortune Business Insights

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 10

TheThe
figurefigure below
below shows
shows thatthe
that thebulk
bulk of
of the
theexports
exportsofof
services 4.2.1
services (Travel,
4.2.1 Personal,
(Travel, Health-related),
Personal, as highas
Health-related), as
94.76% originate in 10 countries, Türkiye taking the major chunk at 40.44%. After the top 10 countries, the rest
high as 94.76% originate in 10 countries, Türkiye taking the major chunk at 40.44%. A�er the top 10
of the world caters to only 5.24% of the world demand.
countries, the rest of the world caters to only 5.24% of the world demand.
Figure 4: Export of Medical
Figure Services Percentage
4: Export wise by country.
of Medical Services Percentage wise by country.

Exports of Services 4.2.1

1.34 % 5.24%
1.06 %
1.62 %
2.39 %
Türkiye
United Kingdom
5.38 %
40.44 % Thailand
United States of America
6.68 % Armenia
Malaysia
India
10.25 %
Philippines
Brazil
Moldova, Republic of
Rest of the World
12.15 %

13.46 %

Source: ITC Trade Map

Source: ITC Trade Map

The top countries that are investing in, as well as getting the largest number of medical tourists are Türkiye, India,
Thailand, and Malaysia.
The top countries that are inves�ng in, as well as ge�ng the largest number of medical tourists are
Türkiye, India, Thailand, and Malaysia.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 12

Major Players in the Medical Tourism

Market in Asia

Many Asian countries are offering medical tourism facilities but, in this section, Türkiye, Thailand, India, and
Malaysia are discussed. Each country has unique selling points and each has managed to create a niche for people
travelling to it for medical tourism.

Türkiye

Language Capital Time Zone Currency Population

Turkish Ankara GMT + 03:00 Turkish Lira 84.98 million

Market Size:
The medical tourism market in Türkiye is projected to reach approximately $3.43 billion in 2024 and grow at a
CAGR of 15.64%, potentially hitting $7.1 billion by 20293. The country benefits from strategic government
initiatives, such as subsidies and infrastructure development, which enhance its appeal as a medical tourism
destination. In 2022 alone, Türkiye welcomed about 1.2 million medical tourists, and these numbers are expected
to grow further due to its seamless blend of healthcare services with tourism options in cities like Istanbul,
Ankara, and Izmir.4

Medical tourism in Türkiye has gained significant popularity in recent years due to its cost-effective medical
treatments and well-trained doctors and therapists. These factors have made Türkiye a reliable hub for medical
tourism, attracting both domestic and foreign tourists looking for alternative treatment options (Azimi et al.,
2018). In addition, Türkiye’s strategic location between Europe, Asia, and Africa makes it easily accessible for
international patients seeking medical services.

Türkiye’s medical tourism sector primarily attracts tourists from the European and Middle Eastern countries.

One of the key factors driving Türkiye’s success in medical tourism is its accreditation by the Joint Commission
International (JCI) which identifies, measures, and shares best practices in quality and patient safety with the
world. JCI claims to provide innovative solutions to help health care organizations across all settings improve
performance and outcomes5. Accreditation with JCI gives patients confidence in the quality and standards of
care. Another important factor contributing to Türkiye’s popularity in medical tourism is the presence of well-
trained medical professionals and state-of-the-art technology, coupled with lower costs of treatment compared
to western countries.

3 Futremarketinsights.com/reports/turkey-medical-tourism-sector
4 https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/turkey-medical-tourism-sector-outlook-and-forecast#:~:text=The%20industry%20
size%20of%20Turkey’s,set%20to%20remain%20moderately%20promising.
5 https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/who-we-are/
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 13

Türkiye has a strong presence in the following types medical tourism

ƒ Alternate Treatment – Hot springs

ƒ Hair transplantation
ƒ Dental implants
ƒ Obesity treatments
ƒ Neurosurgery

What are Türkiye’s strengths in health tourism?

With its growing economic opportunities, strong potential for making significant and creative investments to
improve healthcare quality, and status as the world’s center for healthcare tourism, Türkiye is one of the most
popular medical tourism destinations.

Türkiye has a sizable clientele, but only a small percentage of the country’s annual visitors come for medical
treatment. In 2002, only 1% of Türkiye’s tourism receipts came from health care; by 2020, that percentage had
risen to 4.5%.

Türkiye’s location is a huge advantage for its health tourism industry, it is within a 4-hour flight distance, for 1.5
billion people.

Protective Measures and Legislation for Medical Tourists

Since 2017, Türkiye has enacted a comprehensive set of laws to protect its international medical tourists better
and sustain its growing medical tourism sector. These laws strictly regulate the health sector, health brokers, and
private clinics involved in treating international patients.

Beyond the standard accreditations and medical certifications required for healthcare establishments and
professionals, practitioners selected by Body Expert Antalya must hold a compulsory International Health
Tourism (IHT) certificate granted by the Turkish Ministry of Health. This certification guarantees adherence to all
administrative and accounting procedures, comprehensive medical coverage designed for international patients,
and proven language competencies.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 14

India

Language Capital Time Zone Currency Population

Hindi +
New Delhi GMT + 05:30 Indian Rupee 1.42 billion
Various others

Market Size:

India’s medical tourism industry has grown significantly, becoming a key destination for international patients
seeking affordable, high-quality medical treatments. As of 2023, the industry was valued at approximately $18.3
billion. This growth trajectory suggests a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.5% through 2032, with a
market size projection of $68.5 billion by then.6

In terms of patient volume, nearly 7.3 million medical tourists are expected to visit India in 2024, surpassing pre-
pandemic levels. This resurgence reflects the increasing demand for complex procedures like oncology, cardiology,
organ transplants, and orthopedic treatments, which are available at competitive prices compared to other
medical tourism destinations.7

India’s rich culture, heritage, and scenic beauty have long been major draws for tourists worldwide. However, in
recent years, India has also emerged as a leading destination for medical tourism. Patients from all over the globe
are now choosing India for medical treatment, attracted by the country’s world-class healthcare facilities and
skilled medical professionals who offer a vast array of treatments and procedures, from organ transplants and
cardiac surgeries to alternative therapies like Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy.

Chennai has become the medical capital of India, attracting a large number of tourists seeking the best medical
treatment in India.

The gradual rise of India as a medical tourism destination

India’s emergence as a medical tourism destination has been a gradual process that has been ongoing for several
decades. However, in recent years, India has become a top destination for medical travelers seeking high-quality
and affordable medical treatments. One of the critical factors driving India’s growth in medical tourism is its
highly skilled and experienced medical professionals.

Another important consideration is the economic advantage provided by Indian healthcare providers. According
to the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), medical tourism in India was valued at
around $3 billion in 2015 and was expected to rise at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% to $8 billion
by 20208.

6 https://www.imarcgroup.com/india-medical-tourism-market
7 https://www.ibef.org/news/number-of-medical-tourists-in-india-to-exceed-pre-pandemic-levels-in-cy24
8 https://ficci.in/api/sector_details/133
In February 2019, the Indian government extended its e-tourism VISA program to include
medical visas to atract medical tourists to Chennai, THEIndia’s healthcare
POTENTIAL capital.
FOR MEDICAL ThisINmove
TOURISM PAKISTANaimed 15
to simplify the applica�on process and travel requirements for medical tourists. The medical visa
allows for a maximum stay of six months. On August 30, 2019, foreigners were permited to
receive any medical treatment in India, except organ transplants, without requiring a medical
visa.In February 2019, the Indian government extended its e-tourism VISA program to include medical visas to attract
medical tourists to Chennai, India’s healthcare capital. This move aimed to simplify the application process and
To further boost the medical tourism industry in India, the Indian government announced the
travel requirements for medical tourists. The medical visa allows for a maximum stay of six months. On August
AYUSH visa in April 2022. This visa is specifically for travelers seeking treatments under
30, 2019, foreigners were permitted to receive any medical treatment in India, except organ transplants, without
tradi�onal
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2022. This visa is specifically for travelers seeking treatments under traditional Indian medical systems such as
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Popular medical
National Medicalprocedures
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promote India as a medical tourism destination and establish
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India is famous for medical tourism due to its affordable medical treatments and state-of-the-art
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Popularfacili�es. Some
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tourists in India for medical tourism in India include:

India is famous for medical tourism due to its affordable medical treatments and state-of-the-art medical
Ayurveda
facilities. Some of the most popular treatments for medical tourism in India include:

Ayurveda

Traditional ayurvedic practices in India

Tradi�onal ayurvedic prac�ces in India
Ayurveda, a holistic medicinal system that originated in India about 5000 years ago, has been the primary
medicine used in the country for centuries. According to a report by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of
India, around 1.62 million medical tourists visited India in 2017, many of whom came for Ayurvedic treatments.
9
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is estimated that around 20-30% of medical tourists who visit India come for Ayurveda treatments, which is
increasing yearly.

In addition to Ayurveda treatments, many Ayurveda retreats in India offer a range of wellness programs, including
yoga, meditation, and healthy food. Some of India’s most popular Ayurveda retreats include Ananda in the
Himalayas, Ayurvedagram, and Kalari Kovilakom.

Cardiac Surgery
India has become a popular destination for cardiac surgery due to its advanced medical facilities and skilled
doctors. According to a report by Medical Tourism Index, India ranks second in the world for cardiology and
cardiac surgery after Thailand.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 16

Orthopedic surgery
India is famous for its advanced orthopedic surgery procedures, including joint replacements and spinal surgeries.
According to a report by the Medical Tourism Association, India is one of the top destinations for orthopedic
surgeries, with cost savings of up to 90% compared to the US.

Cosmetic surgery
India has a growing cosmetic surgery industry, with many people coming to the country for procedures such as
liposuction, breast augmentation, and facelifts. According to a report by the International Society of Aesthetic
Plastic Surgery, India ranked fourth in the world for cosmetic procedures in 2019, with over 1.6 million procedures
performed.

Cancer treatment
India is home to some of the world’s leading cancer treatment facilities, offering advanced treatments such as
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. According to a report by the Medical Tourism Association,
cancer treatments in India cost up to 60-90% less than in the US or Europe.

Dental care
India is a popular destination for dental treatments, with many people coming for procedures such as dental
implants and root canals. According to a report by Patients Beyond Borders, India’s dental tourism market was
estimated to be worth USD 3.2 billion in 2022.

Fertility treatment
India’s thriving fertility treatment industry offers advanced treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and
surrogacy. According to a report by the Medical Tourism Association, fertility treatments in India cost up to 70-
80% less than in the US or Europe.

A major challenge for medical tourism in India – Transportation

In India, transportation can be a significant challenge for domestic and international tourists, particularly when it
comes to accessibility and reliability. In addition, poor infrastructure, inadequate public transport, and congested
roads can make it difficult for patients to travel to and from hospitals, especially in cities. The lack of reliable
transportation options can at times be a significant challenge for elderly and senior patients who may require
special assistance and accommodations. The lack of safe and efficient transportation options can be a significant
deterrent for international patients seeking medical treatment in India.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 17

Thailand

Language Capital Time Zone Currency Population

Thai Bangkok GMT + 07:00 Thai Baht 71.7 million

Market Size:

Thailand’s medical tourism industry is a leading player globally, with the market projected to reach USD 16-17
billion by 20309. This growth is driven by advanced healthcare services, affordable pricing, and strong government
backing for medical tourism programs. The sector is expected to experience a CAGR of approximately 15.7%
from 2024 to 203410.

Located on South East Asia’s Indochina Peninsula and known for its tropical beaches, opulent royal palaces,
ancient ruins and ornate Buddha temples, the Kingdom of Thailand is a popular tourist destination.

The government oversees the healthcare and medical services, with universal healthcare being provided through
three programs that cover its entire population of citizens and legal residents.

The private healthcare sector is also big in Thailand, with many new hospitals and medical facilities taking
advantage of the economic conditions and the weak currency in order to attract medical tourists. It ranks 17th
overall out of the 46 nations (participating in the Index with the potential to boost its medical tourism business by
working on its image as a stable and safe destination (reputations), while also focusing on adapting to the cultural
preferences of incoming patients.

Hospitals in key cities like Bangkok, Phuket, and Chiang Mai are well-equipped, boasting state-of-the-art medical
technologies and internationally trained healthcare professionals. Many medical tourists come to Thailand not
just for the cost savings, but also for the exceptional patient care and shorter waiting times for medical procedures.

Historical and Cultural Significance in Thai Medical Tourism

Traditionally, Thailand has a rich history of herbal medicine and wellness practices that trace their origins to
centuries-old wisdom. These traditional practices are sometimes integrated into modern medical care, offering a
holistic approach to treatment. It’s this blend of traditional and modern medicine, together with a culture that
puts a premium on hospitality, that makes Thailand a unique destination for medical tourism.

Global Recognition in Medical Care

Thailand’s medical facilities are often compared to those in developed countries, including the United States and
Western European nations. Numerous hospitals in Thailand are internationally accredited, adhering to high
standards of medical care and patient safety protocols. The country has also been successful in attracting foreign
investment in healthcare, which has led to continuous improvements in medical technologies and techniques.

9 https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2856972/thailand-to-gain-from-medical-tourism-uptick
10 https://www.fmiblog.com/2024/04/18/thailand-medical-tourism-industry-trends/
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 18

The Tourist Perspective

Apart from the medical procedures, Thailand offers a relaxed atmosphere conducive to quick recovery. After
undergoing a procedure, patients can recuperate in luxurious hotel-like hospital rooms or rehabilitation centers
that often offer panoramic views of Thailand’s scenic landscapes.

Popular Medical Procedures

Nature of Procedures
Thailand offers a wide array of medical procedures at competitive prices, but the country is most well-known for
its expertise in cosmetic surgery, dental care, cardiology, orthopedics, and fertility treatments. These areas of
specialization attract patients from all over the world, who come seeking both elective and life-saving treatments.

Specializations and Pioneering Treatments

Thailand is a hub for cosmetic and gender reassignment surgeries, providing both of these at a fraction of the cost
you would pay in many Western countries. Many Thai surgeons are trained internationally and bring a high level
of expertise and experience to the operating table. The country is also emerging as a leader in regenerative
medicine, particularly stem cell therapies, which are offered in specialized centers with cutting-edge facilities.

Accreditation and Affiliations

Hospitals in Thailand often hold international accreditations. Such credentials affirm that these medical
institutions meet or exceed global standards in healthcare. Many of the medical professionals working in these
facilities have been trained or have practiced in Western countries, further solidifying the high standard of
medical care available.

Quality & Safety

Medical Standards and Practices

Thailand is renowned for its high medical standards, comparable to those in developed Western countries. Many
Thai doctors and medical staff who have received training in Europe or North America are fluent in English and
European languages, ensuring effective communication during consultations and treatments.

Patient Safety and Rights

Thai hospitals take patient safety seriously. Protocols for hygiene, treatment, and aftercare are rigorously
adhered to. Patients have the right to informed consent, confidentiality, and the ability to choose or change their
healthcare providers.

Medical Visa Information

Guidelines and Requirements

To undergo medical treatment in Thailand, patients generally need a medical visa, often termed as an “MT” visa.
This visa is generally valid for 60 days and can be extended if necessary.

Benefits & Risks

Benefits
Top-quality healthcare at a fraction of the cost, short waiting times, and a chance to recuperate in a beautiful
country are some of the key benefits.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 19

Risks
Language barriers outside the hospital environment and differences in legal protections are some risks to be
aware of.

Post-procedure Care

Care Details
Post-operative care in Thailand is of high quality. Many hospitals offer tailored rehabilitation services, often in
serene and luxurious settings.

Rehabilitation Centers
Specialized rehabilitation centers offer services in areas such as physiotherapy and occupational therapy, many
of which are located close to major hospitals.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 20

Malaysia

Language Capital Time Zone Currency Population

Malay Kuala Lumpur GMT + 08:00 Malaysian Ringgit 33.94 million

Medical Tourism Market Size:

Malaysia’s medical tourism market is seeing significant growth. As of 2024, the sector is estimated to be valued
at USD 1.92 billion11, driven by competitive healthcare prices, modern infrastructure, and specialized treatments
such as oncology, fertility services, and orthopedics. By 2034, the market is expected to expand to USD 7.54
billion with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 14.6%12 13.

Malaysia has developed as one of Asia’s most recognized developing countries in medical tourism. Healthcare in
Malaysia is under the purview of the Ministry of Health (MOH). However, to boost medical tourism MOH works
closely with the Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MOTAC) to provide an efficient system of health care
encompassing both government and private healthcare institutions.

Due to the potential of medical tourism in Malaysia, the government established the Malaysia Healthcare Travel
Council (MHTC) in 2009 under the Ministry of Health. The agency is responsible for promoting and facilitating
the country’s medical tourism industry in collaboration with leading Malaysian industry players like KPJ
Healthcare and IHH Healthcare to build public-private partnerships.

MHTC also aims to attract more healthcare tourists beyond its neighboring Southeast Asian countries. The
agency reported that the majority of international patients in Malaysia in 2022 came from Indonesia.

Part of the reason why Malaysia is such a popular medical tourism destination is that it constantly keeps up with
the newest breakthroughs in medical technology.

Malaysia is also one of a few countries that is taking concrete steps to consolidate both modern and traditional
medical practices as part of the healthcare industry. The Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) Act
2016 is one such move to better incorporate traditional and complementary medicine in the country by
establishing legislation, policies and guidelines on T&CM. This helps T&CM to provide high standards of quality
care, ensure practitioners are properly registered and trained and help contribute to its growing influence for
medical tourists seeking safe, alternative methods to treat their illnesses.

Affordability
The biggest draw besides Malaysia’s growing medical expertise is the relative cost compared to that other
countries’ medical costs. Specifically, Western medical tourists choose Malaysia as their destination of choice
because it could save them thousands in their own currency to have medical procedures done in Malaysia rather
than in their home country.

11 https://www.factmr.com/report/malaysia-medical-tourism-market
12 https://www.factmr.com/report/malaysia-medical-tourism-market
13 https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/malaysia-medical-tourism-market-16182
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 21

There are even collaborations between hotels and hospitals, where the hotels offer customized stay packages
that are touted as “post-treatment friendly” while providing accessibility, excellent service, and other benefits
that can be enjoyed at the hotel or the hospital.

Internationally Recognized Hospitals

As part of efforts to deliver the best healthcare to citizens and medical tourists, a number of hospitals and other
healthcare providers in Malaysia have pursued and attained accreditation from international healthcare bodies.
These include accreditation from the Joint Commission International (JCI), an independent, not-for-profit
organization that advocates rigorous standards of healthcare and improves healthcare performance and
outcomes; and the Reproductive Technology Accreditation Committee’s (RTAC) International Code of Practice
for the delivery of safe fertility treatments.

The combination of international accreditation, bolstered by the medical industry’s high-quality services delivery,
has enabled a number of hospitals to achieve international recognition

Excellent Healthcare Quality

Malaysian healthcare also prioritizes patient convenience, offering same-day results for health screenings and
other checks, while top tier facilities and amenities are provided while waiting for the results.

One interesting caveat is that Malaysia has seen an influx of medical tourists from Thailand and Singapore, as
both these countries are having difficulty in managing the influx of medical tourists.

Highly Trained Medical Professionals

As part of efforts to strengthen the medical industry and safeguard patients as well as doctors, entities such as
the Malaysian Medical Council (MMC) and the Malaysian Medical Association (MMA) make sure that the
healthcare given to care recipients is of the highest quality without any compromise, and ensure that all healthcare
professionals registered with the government, maintain ethical standards set by the government (and as per the
Hippocratic Oath), and consistently improve their practice through continuous learning and research.

Halal-Certified Medications and Treatments

Halal pharmaceuticals and medical treatments are becoming more and more prevalent in recent years, especially
in Muslim majority countries like Malaysia. This has helped to draw Muslim medical tourists from places such as
Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. There have also been formal agreements with Kazakhstan, Libya and Oman to send
their medical tourists to Malaysia as part of efforts to bolster the country’s medical tourism sector.

Malaysia as a Tourist Destination

Medical tourists may come to Malaysia for its top-notch and affordable healthcare, but Malaysia has a lot to offer
travelers with a wide variety of tastes. Medical tourism packages offer stays at the finest hotels that are well
within travel distance of premier hospitals and nearby sightseeing attractions, leaving medical travelers spoiled
for choice.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 23

Common Factors Driving Medical Tourism in

Different Countries

Though each medical tourism destination has its own unique selling proposition (USP), some factors are common:

1. The country is viewed as a safe and tourist friendly destination.

2. Governments actively promote medical tourism and there is a strong liaison between the health and tourism
ministries.

3. Investments have been made by governments to provide quality infrastructure like airports, roads, public
transport etc., the major cities are well connected through airlinks

4. Private sector is encouraged to invest in medical facilities

5. Internationally accredited medical facilities which increases patient comfort.

6. In addition to the latest machinery & techniques, a pool of well-trained doctors and medical support staff is
available

7. Strong regulatory controls on hospitals, doctors, medical support staff, pharma companies etc.

8. Medical visas are easy to obtain and to renew

9. Countries have launched strong social media campaigns to promote tourism/ medical tourism

If Pakistan wants to succeed in attracting medical tourists, it will have to match to some extent the nine points of
parity listed above.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 25

Pakistan

Language Capital Time Zone Currency Population

Urdu
Islamabad GMT + 05:00 Pakistani Rupee 235.8 million
+ Various others

Medical tourism is viewed as an untapped market by Pakistani medical experts. Tourism officials have claimed
that Pakistan can compete with other countries in the region when it comes to medical tourism.14

Pakistan has emerged as a promising destination for medical tourism, boasting pockets of advanced healthcare
systems and cost advantages. Additionally, Pakistan’s scenic beauty enhances its appeal as a desirable destination.

Pakistan Healthcare Tourism

Pakistan offers advanced medical procedures, ranging from routine check-ups to complex surgeries. Various
medical specialties such as cardiology, orthopedics, and oncology are covered by the extensive range of medical
facilities available in the country.

Quality Medical Services in Pakistan

The healthcare system of Pakistan comprises contemporary hospitals, clinics, and specialist treatment centers
equipped with cutting-edge infrastructure and equipment to meet diverse medical needs. Bigger hospitals are
moving towards JCI (Joint Commission International) accreditation or are already JCI accredited to ensure
excellent standards. The four hospitals that are JCI accredited in Pakistan are; The Agha Khan University Hospital
Karachi, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd. Islamabad, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research
Centre Lahore and Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre Peshawar. 15

Pakistan as a Tourism Destination

Apart from medical care, travelers seeking unique experiences outside the realm of healthcare will find Pakistan
to be an ideal destination due to its breathtaking scenery, rich cultural heritage, and hospitable people. Pakistan’s
advantageous location, modern medical facilities, and knowledgeable healthcare workforce make it a popular
choice for medical tourists seeking high-quality care at reasonable costs.

Treatment Procedures
Pakistan offers a wide range of treatment options to address various medical conditions and ensure comprehensive
healthcare solutions. These treatments span from diagnostic testing to surgical interventions. The country’s
medical facilities prioritize accessibility, affordability, and high-quality care delivery, encompassing both public
and private hospitals.

14 https://eturbonews.com/pakistan-appoints-task-force-medical-tourism/.
15 JCI-Accredited Organizations. Joint Commission Resources. Available from: https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/about-jci/
jciaccredited organizations/#f:_Facet_Country=[Pakistan]/.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 26

Why Pakistan Can Be a Preferred Destination?

Reasons for choosing Pakistan for Medical Tourism

The benefits of medical tourism in Pakistan include accessibility, affordability, high-quality care, cutting-edge
technology, skilled medical personnel, and opportunities for patients and their families to immerse themselves in
the local culture.

Patient Satisfaction Rates in Pakistani Hospitals

High patient satisfaction rates in Pakistani hospitals underscore the quality of treatment, the professionalism of
medical staff, and the successful outcomes achieved by medical tourists.

Quality Standards in Pakistani Healthcare

Pakistan’s private healthcare industry adheres to strict quality standards and legal requirements, ensuring the
effectiveness, safety, and ethics of medical procedures and treatments. Some Hospitals have accreditations from
abroad, making them a trustworthy place to consider for medical procedures at a much cheaper cost.

Specialized Medical Services in Pakistan

Pakistan’s healthcare system offers a wide range of expertly administered specialist medical services, including
advanced surgeries, transplant procedures, reproductive treatments, and cosmetic enhancements.

Potential markets for medical tourism for Pakistan

Pakistan already has a strategic location when it comes to medical tourism. Out of the four neighboring countries,
at least for two i.e., Afghanistan and Iran, Pakistan already serves as an attractive medical tourist destination. In
addition, Pakistan has a large diaspora living in countries in North America, Europe and the Middle East

Afghanistan: Afghanistan is the low hanging fruit for Pakistan for many reasons. Pakistan and Afghanistan
share a 2,640 km long border along two Pakistani provinces, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Baluchistan. In less
than 6 hours, people can not only enter Pakistan but also be at a medical institution to get treatment. Apart from
the border, Afghanis have lived in Pakistan since at least the 1960s and for most, they either have friends and
acquittances or relatives in Pakistan. This makes Pakistan very attractive. There is no language barrier as most
Afghanis either speak Urdu, Pashto or Balochi. Same religion also acts in favor for Pakistan.

Iran: Apart from sharing a border with Pakistan, there are Baloch tribes on both sides of the border and therefore
they have strong affinity to this part of Pakistan. Some even have families married on the other side of the border.
Language is not a barrier, the Chaman border is 2 hours away from Quetta and acts as an attraction for Irani
nationals. For some, coming to Pakistan to get treated is logistically easier as compared to going to a bigger city
in Iran.

Africa: Countries in Africa are poor and often do not have good medical care facilities. Pakistan serves as an
attractive destination for medical tourism. There are a large number of countries in Africa which have large
Muslim populations, so in addition to Pakistan being cheap in terms of medical tourism, the additional factor of
religious homogeneity is an added bonus. However, logistics is a major hurdle as there are no direct flights
between any major city in Pakistan and major population centers in Africa.

Central Asia: Some countries in Central Asia are completely land-locked and are poor with not very good health
infrastructure. Islam is the most practiced religion in this region which gives affinity to Pakistan. Countries like
Tajikistan can be a good potential market for Pakistan if the government makes policies that makes travel to
Pakistan easier. Direct flights and an easy visa process can help overcome this hurdle for people choosing Pakistan
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 27

for medical tourism.

Bangladesh: Pakistan and Bangladesh were once one country and despite the civil war, same religion is a binding
factor for the two countries. Many people still have relatives in either country that acts as another important
factor. Pakistan can easily tap into Bangladesh as a potential market. During our field work we came across
hospitals which are very popular in Bangladesh for transplants.

Pakistani diaspora: The Pakistani diaspora is spread across the globe and majorly dispersed around the Middle
East, Europe and North America. Pakistanis living in Canada, the European Union, United Kingdom, United States
of America, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia etc. are relatively well-off and can get their treatments done at a
fraction of the cost in Pakistan with no waiting period. Additionally, they can come and meet their families which
is an added incentive for Pakistani people living abroad.

Treatments which can be promoted from Pakistan

Pakistan has a growing healthcare sector, and several medical treatments and services can be promoted to
attract international patients, particularly from neighboring countries and regions. Based on interactions with
medical professionals and visits to some of Pakistan’s leading medical facilities, some of the identified areas in
which Pakistan appears to have a comparative advantage include:

1. Cardiac Care

Pakistan has specialized heart institutes, such as the Pakistan Institute of Cardiology and the Aga Khan University
Hospital, offering advanced cardiac care including angioplasty, bypass surgery, and valve replacement. The
relatively low costs of these procedures compared to Western countries make Pakistan a viable destination for
medical tourism.

2. Orthopedic Surgery

Joint replacement surgeries (e.g., knee and hip replacements), spinal surgeries, and treatments for bone fractures
are areas where Pakistan’s healthcare system has gained expertise.

3. Fertility Treatments (IVF)

Pakistan has emerging fertility clinics offering treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF), ICSI (Intracytoplasmic
sperm injection), and assisted reproductive technology (ART), with relatively lower costs compared to other
countries.

4. Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery

Pakistan offers a range of cosmetic procedures, including rhinoplasty (nose jobs), liposuction, facelifts, and hair
transplants, at competitive prices. Several clinics in cities like Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad provide high-quality
services for international patients.

5. Kidney and Liver Transplants

Pakistan has developed expertise in kidney and liver transplants. Some hospitals in Karachi and Lahore have
specialized units for these surgeries, offering these services at much lower costs than in many other countries.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 28

6. Dental Care

Dental procedures, including dental implants, crowns, root canals, and cosmetic dentistry like teeth whitening,
are quite affordable in Pakistan. The quality of care is at par with international standards.

7. Oncology (Cancer Treatments)

Cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical oncology are available at renowned institutions
such as the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital. The cost-effective treatment options make Pakistan
attractive for cancer care, especially for patients from neighboring countries.

8. Gastroenterology

Pakistan has experienced specialists offering endoscopic procedures, gastrointestinal surgeries, and treatments
for diseases like hepatitis, which is prevalent in the region. The cost advantage also applies here.

9. Ophthalmology (Eye Care)

Eye treatments such as LASIK surgery, cataract surgeries, and treatments for glaucoma and retinal disorders are
well-developed in Pakistan. Specialized eye hospitals offer advanced care at competitive rates.

10. Neurology and Neurosurgery

Pakistan offers neurosurgeries, treatment for epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke rehabilitation at centers
like Aga Khan University Hospital and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS).

11. General and Specialized Surgeries

Routine surgeries such as gallbladder removal, hernia repair, appendectomy, and bariatric surgery (weight-loss
surgery) are performed by skilled surgeons, with lower waiting times and costs.

12. Telemedicine Services

Pakistan can promote its emerging telemedicine services, enabling international consultations for second
opinions, follow-ups, and chronic disease management through digital platforms.

Promoting these treatments internationally could make Pakistan a competitive player in the medical tourism
market, especially for patients seeking high-quality care at affordable rates.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 29

Price Comparison of Treatments

General price comparison of common medical treatments in Pakistan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and Turkey are
listed in Table 3 below. Prices vary depending on the hospital, city, and specific conditions, but these are typical
ranges for major procedures.

Table 2: Price comparison of treatments

Medical Pakistan India Thailand Malaysia Turkey

Treatment (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD)
Heart Bypass Surgery $1,500 - $7,700 $5,500 - $7,500 $13,000 - $15,000 $12,000 - $14,000 $8,000 - $10,000
Angioplasty $800 - $2,000 $3,000 - $4,000 $4,000 - $5,000 $5,000 - $7,000 $3,500 - $5,000
Knee Replacement $3,000 - $7,000 $4,500 - $6,500 $12,000 - $15,000 $7,000 - $10,000 $8,000 - $11,000
Hip Replacement $3,000 - $11,000 $5,000 - $7,000 $11,000 - $14,000 $8,000 - $10,000 $8,500 - $11,500
IVF (In-Vitro $2,900 - $5,000 $2,500 - $4,000 $8,000 - $12,000 $6,000 - $7,500 $4,000 - $6,000
Fertilization)
Liver Transplant $10,000 - $25,000 $30,000 - $40,000 $60,000 - $75,000 $65,000 - $80,000 $70,000 - $100,000
Kidney Transplant $5,500 - $8,000 $15,000 - $22,000 $25,000 - $30,000 $30,000 - $40,000 $25,000 - $35,000
Dental Implant $500 - $800 $400 - $700 $1,500 - $2,000 $1,000 - $1,500 $800 - $1,200
(per tooth)
LASIK Eye Surgery $500 - $1,400 $800 - $1,200 $2,000 - $2,500 $1,500 - $2,000 $1,000 - $1,500
(per eye)
Rhinoplasty $500 - $1,650 $1,800 - $3,000 $3,500 - $5,000 $2,500 - $4,000 $3,500 - $6,000
(Nose Surgery)
*These rates are not fixed and are dependent on case to case and only depicts approximate values.
** Source: Various internet sources

Challenges in Promoting Medical Tourism to Pakistan:

Pakistan has potential as a destination for medical tourism due to its skilled healthcare professionals, lower
treatment costs, and expanding medical facilities. However, several challenges hinder the development of a
robust medical tourism industry. Some of the key challenges are:

1. Negative Perception regarding Safety and Security

Terrorism, religious extremism & general safety concerns, especially perception of rampant street crime in
the major cities deters not only tourists but also international patients from considering Pakistan for medical
treatments.

2. Medical Facilities Lack International Accreditations

Few hospitals in Pakistan have international certifications like Joint Commission International (JCI), which
is important for gaining trust among foreign patients. Without recognized accreditations, international
patients may question the quality and safety standards of healthcare facilities.

3. Healthcare Delivery Quality is Inconsistent

While some urban centers (e.g., Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad) offer excellent healthcare, there is inconsistency
in the quality of care across the country. Hospitals in rural areas or smaller cities may not come up to
international standards, leading to concerns about the reliability of treatments outside major cities.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 30

4. Weak Marketing of Pakistan as a Medical Tourism Destination

Pakistan has not effectively marketed itself as a medical tourism destination. There is a lack of comprehensive
marketing strategies, promotional efforts, and partnerships with international medical tourism agencies to
attract foreign patients. Competing countries like India, Thailand, and Turkey have well-established medical
tourism campaigns.

5. Visa and Travel Restrictions

Obtaining a medical visa for Pakistan can be challenging for foreign patients. Complex and slow visa
processes, coupled with limited direct flights to major international cities, makes Pakistan less accessible
compared to cities in countries like Türkiye, India or Malaysia.

6. Inadequate Healthcare Infrastructure

While some top-tier hospitals have state-of-the-art equipment, the overall state of infrastructure
development in healthcare is uneven. There are concerns about overcrowded public & private hospitals,
outdated equipment, and insufficient specialized care in many parts of the country including the major urban
centers.

7. Cultural and Language Barriers

Although many healthcare professionals speak English, the broader workforce in hospitals, including nurses
and administrative staff, may struggle with communication, creating challenges for international patients
from non-Urdu or non-regional speaking backgrounds. Additionally, cultural differences in patient care can
sometimes lead to misunderstandings.

8. Lack of Post-Treatment Support and Follow-up Care

Medical tourists often require post-treatment support, follow-up consultations, and rehabilitation. In
Pakistan, there is a lack of well-coordinated systems to manage long-term follow-up care for international
patients, which is crucial for medical tourism.

9. Regulatory Challenges

The healthcare sector in Pakistan suffers from weak & non transparent regulatory oversight, with issues in
ensuring compliance with global healthcare standards. A lack of stringent regulations on medical malpractice,
patient rights, and pricing transparency makes it difficult to gain the trust of foreign patients.

10. Insurance and Payment Issues

Most international health insurance providers do not cover treatments in Pakistan, making it difficult for
foreign patients to claim insurance benefits. Additionally, payment methods, such as credit card acceptance,
are not universally available, adding complexity to the payment process for foreign patients.

11. Limited Telemedicine and Digital Health Integration

While telemedicine is emerging in Pakistan, the country still lags behind in digital health infrastructure, such
as online consultations, remote patient monitoring, and digital medical records, which are key components
for attracting international patients seeking pre- and post-treatment consultations from abroad.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 31

12. Competition from Established Medical Tourism Hubs

Pakistan faces stiff competition from well-established medical tourism hubs like India, Thailand, Malaysia,
and Türkiye that have better infrastructure, international recognition, and established reputations for
medical tourism. These countries have invested heavily in marketing aimed at attracting foreign patients.

13. Absence of Private Sector in Promoting the Sector

The private sector has played a pivotal part in the promotion of medical tourism in competitor countries. In
Pakistan the private sector is curiously absent in promoting medical tourism, the major reason put forward
being the absence of government support in the form of provision of land and fiscal incentives.

During the primary research period for this report, following cities were visited and each City had some specific
challenges which are highlighted below.

Peshawar

1. Peshawar is 257 kms or a 3-hour car drive from the Torkham border which makes it the ideal and closest destination
for medical tourism for Afghans

2. Afghanis used to be the largest medical tourist group in Peshawar but due to border skirmishes and restrictions on
entering Pakistan, the patient load has reduced in some cases by up to 50%.

3. Visa and border controls is leading to high levels of corruption at all stops and check-posts, however, patients are
using illegal means to enter and seek medical care in Pakistan, though numbers have reduced.

4. Introduction of the Health Card has come as an important policy intervention by the KP government as it has
ensured strong local demand allowing hospitals to meet their operating costs and to invest in new facilities.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 32

Islamabad

1. The largest number of people coming for medical tourism to Islamabad are from Afghanistan.

2. Previously, the visa fee for Afghanis for coming to Pakistan was nominal but now it can cost up to 700 USD
to get a visa. Even if one person accompanies the patient, the cost increases to upwards of 2,000 USD.

3. There are no direct flights from Afghanistan to Islamabad whereas our neighbor, India, has 5-6 flights daily.

4. For a Pakistani visa, Afghans need to come to a Pakistani visa center in Afghanistan and in person. On the
other hand, it is reported that agents for Indian medical care facilities provide online visas for medical
tourism to Afghanis.

5. Apart from Afghanistan, Central Asian countries are a big potential market along with African countries and
poor Arab countries (Syria, Yemen etc.).

6. Visa for Central Asian countries is not an issue but there are no direct flights to Pakistan other than the
Karachi Baku route which has one flight a week. On the other hand, for Baku alone, there are 27 airlines
operating 84 flights a week between Baku & New Delhi.

7. Nursing staff is another big issue and there needs to be some check and balance. (Small nursing schools are
open in bungalows with no checks and balances). There should be some standardization when it comes to
nursing.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 33

Quetta

1. Iran and Afghanistan share the border near Quetta therefore the medical tourism traffic comes from these
2 countries.

2. There are cultural ties of Irani Baloch with Pakistani Baloch and furthermore having no language barriers
makes Quetta the perfect and closest city for these people to come for medical tourism.

3. Most people coming into Pakistan come on temporary cards and don’t need visas but this is very difficult and
often involves bribery. (there are 12 check-posts from Chaman to Quetta and all “charge” some sort of “toll”
from passengers to allow them to pass)
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 34

Lahore

1. Poor infrastructure and planning of hospitals has led them to not being able to fulfil the JCI requirements for
being accredited.

2. Though patient registration is being online, the hospitals are not connected to a central data base.

3. Nursing shortage was also evident in Lahore. This is mainly because of pay structure. They are being paid
very handsomely abroad as compared to Pakistan.

4. Doctors are not protected legally in case of legal issues. Attendants of patients can sometimes become very
rude and even threaten doctors. They feel discouraged to practice here in Pakistan.

5. The major source of medical tourists are the Pakistani diaspora which prefers to get treated in Pakistan
where they have family support networks
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 35

Karachi

1. Major hospitals are well-equipped to deal with medical tourists. JCI accreditation is desirable which helps
create an impression of standardized treatment at par with other countries.

2. Some hospitals get people from abroad but that is because of their community’s diaspora returning to their
homeland.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 37

Recommendations:

Government/Regulators led recommendations:

As part of this study a total of 30 facilities in 5 cities were visited, the following section lists the recommendations
by the sector professionals for promoting medical tourism in Pakistan

1. Improve Pakistan’s Image: The biggest hinderance in bringing foreigners to Pakistan for medical tourism is
the perception of Pakistan. In order to address these perceptions, it is important that a proper study is done
to understand the actual image that Pakistan has in the major markets. Once this information is available, the
government needs to work on the country’s image by addressing the major concern areas.

2. Official Website For Medical Tourism: The government of Pakistan working with private healthcare facilities
needs to launch a website listing Hospitals that are pre-evaluated and deemed fit for receiving medical
tourists.

3. Quality Health Care Treatments Across The Country For Word-of Mouth Success: Inconsistent healthcare
quality is another problem that Pakistan faces. This can be resolved by the government having stricter
policies and certain criteria and only those hospitals should be allowed to take in medical tourists that comply
with the rules and regulations.

4. Ease of Visa Issuance – One-Window Solution: The government can launch a e-portal that can give quick
visas to people who want to travel to Pakistan for medical tourism. The fee structure should be clear and visa
applications should be electronic for quicker processing.

5. Stronger Regulatory Bodies for Hospitals and Medical Professionals: Regulatory bodies should be
strengthened and follow best international practices. If there is a private sector body over-seen by the
government that agrees on guidelines and criteria and then ensures these are followed, it will help create a
pool of hospitals that can then be advertised for medical tourism.

6. International Insurance And Payment Portals For Foreigners: Insurance and payment are another area
Pakistan should work on. There should be legal protection of foreign patients in case of any unfortunate
incident. Medical tourists coming into Pakistan pay in PKR meaning they are converting their currency at
money exchanges. If the government sets up a system where the hospitals can have direct accounts and get
a better rate on exchange rates, patients can then directly transfer the money to the hospitals thus
transferring the dollars directly to the exchequer.

7. Ban Import Of Second-Hand Equipment: Importing second-hand medical equipment that is now redundant
is a cheap fix since newer technology is available to international patients. All machinery and treatments
offered should be up-to date and at par with treatments offered in other countries.

8. Collaboration On Government Level With Other Governments: Developed countries have a lot of back-log
of patients and it takes several months to get an appointment with a doctor. Pakistani government can sign
an agreement with the NHS and patients can come to their designated hospitals to get treated and be sent
back.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 38

Industry/Sector Recommendations:

1. International Accreditations: Accreditation of hospitals and medical professionals with internationally

accepted bodies needs to be promoted. Apart from JCI there are other accreditations that are like SafeCare
(An initiative of PharmAccess, Joint Commission International (JCI), and Council for Health Service
Accreditation of Southern Africa (COHSASA), SafeCare is a methodology with international accredited
standards, aiming to improve quality care in low- and middle-income countries) that can be acquired by
hospitals.

2. Improved Hospitality And Services: Pakistan has an advantage as it can cater to central Asian countries and
Africa due to similar religious values. Cultural and language barrier is easily fixable if hospitals make sure
that there is a concierge service for people coming in for medical treatments. This way they will feel welcome
and the attendants coming with the patients can also be at ease. Hospitals can have a partnership with
leading hotels to create an ecosystem that’s beneficial to both parties while also helping the attendants of
the patients.

3. Joint Satellite Clinics Of Accredited Hospitals: With medical tourism, post-op care and follow-up can
potentially become an issue. Major Hospitals can jointly set up hubs in different regions that the government
can support either through easy remittance for these satellite offices or by providing space for these offices.
This office can be act like a satellite clinic for these hospitals and patients then can choose government
evaluated hospitals for their treatment.

4. Inviting Doctors For Specialized Treatments: There are Pakistani doctors that come for yearly or quarterly
visits to Pakistan to perform specialized scheduled surgeries and procedures. If the government can launch
this as a special offer on its medical tourism website, this can attract people who want very specialized
treatments. The government in turn can help these doctors with easy remittance plans.

Joint Recommendations:

1. Marketing And Branding: Better marketing and promotion of medical tourism from Pakistan. Commercial
Attaches and Embassies in different countries can facilitate telemedicine service in targeted countries by
hosting open house for hospitals in Pakistan or creating linkages.

2. Better Infrastructure And Tax-Exemption For Medical Equipment: Pakistan needs to constantly upgrade
its medical infrastructure. Hospitals should get state-of-the-art machinery and not cut costs. Rebates should
be given on machinery imported for hospitals that comply with the standards set by the government.
Government should consider fiscal incentives on income for foreign patients.

3. Stronger Regulatory Bodies For Hospitals And Medical Professionals: Regulatory bodies should be
strengthened and follow best international practices. If there is a private sector body over-seen by the
government that agrees on guidelines and criteria and then follow them, this will help create a pool of
hospitals that can then be advertised for medical tourism.
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 40

Annexure 1

Photo Gallery of some of the Hospitals in Pakistan

Quetta

Aria Hospital Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute of Cardiology

Peshawar

Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) Northwest General Hospital

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 41

Peshawar Institute of Cardiology

Islamabad

Shifa International Hospital Islamabad Maroof International Hospital

Kulsoom International Hospital Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital

Karachi
OMI Hospital Agha Khan Hospital
 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 42

Lahore

Integrated Medical Care Hospital Hameed Latif Hospital

Doctors Hospital & Medical Center Sheikh Zayed hospital

 THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 43

Annexure 2

List of Medical Institutes visited

S. No Name Designation Medical Institution City

1 Mr. Haroon Naseer CEO Maroof International Hospital Islamabad
2 Dr Mir Abdul Waheed Medical Director Maroof International Hospital Islamabad
3 Dr Muhammad Saleem Khan CEO Kulsoom International Hospital Islamabad
4 Dr Imad Malik Head Business Shifa International Hospitals Ltd. Islamabad
Development
5 Dr Najia Khan Manager Business Shifa International Hospitals Ltd. Islamabad
Development
6 Mr. Sadaqat Baig COO Quaid-e-Azam International Islamabad
Hospital
7 Dr Shafique Ur Rehman CEO Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar
8 Mr. Usman Maqsood CEO MMC General Hospital Peshawar

9 Mr. Zabid Khan Senior Manager OPD and NorthWest General Hospital Peshawar
Public Relations Services
10 Dr. Shahkar Ahmad Shah Medical Director and CEO Peshawar institute of Cardiology Peshawar
11 Professor Hanif Medical Director Safe Blood Transfusion Balochistan Quetta
12 Prof Liaquat Agha CEO Baluchistan Institute of Nephro- Quetta
Urology
13 Dr Sohail khan Medical Superintendent Arya Hospital Quetta
14 Syed Mohammad Adil shah Director operation Arya Hospital Quetta
15 Col. Hassan Jaffar Deputy Commandant Sheikh Khalifa Zayed Cardiac Quetta
Hospital
Dr Ismail Merwani Additional Director Govt Govt Medical Store Depot Quetta
Medical Store Depot
16 Muhammad Yaseen Director Marketing and Memon Medical Hospital Karachi
Sales
17 Dr Salman Faridi CEO Liaquat National Hospital Karachi
18 Mr. Abdullah Butt CEO EduCast Karachi
19 Dr Farhat Abbas CEO Agha Khan University and Hospital Karachi
20 Ms. Sanober Abdullah Director Marketing and Agha Khan University and Hospital Karachi
Communications
21 Dr. Salman Shakeel Internal medicine Lahore General Hospital Lahore
specialist
22 Dr Kashif Jehangir Medical Superintendent Jinnah Hospital Lahore
23 Dr Adnan Abdul Majid Assistant Medical Director Hameed Latif Hospital Lahore
24 Dr Syed Nayab Haider Director Medical Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore
Superintendent
25 Dr Akbar Hussain Executive Director Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore
26 Dr. Sabir Ayaz Malik CEO Farooq Hospital Lahore
27 Syed Imran Hussain Marketing Manager Doctor’s Hospital Lahore
28 Mr. Waqar A. Mirza CEO Integrated Medical Care Hospital Lahore
29 Dr Zeeshan Ali General Manager Ittefaq Hospital Lahore
30 Mr. Humayun Baig Director Admin Ammar Hospital Lahore
THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL TOURISM IN PAKISTAN 44