INCS 410:

Software Cloud
Computing

Dr. John Zaki

Networks Revision Tutorial

By: Eng. Nancy Alarabawy
Explain Client-Server
Architecture

• A client-server architecture is a
network model where clients (user
devices) request services, and servers
provide those services.
• Examples:
• Web browsing (Client = Browser,
Server = Web server)
• Email (Client = Email app, Server =
Mail server)
 Protocol Port Number

Match the HTTP 443

Protocols to
Their Port HTTPS 20-21
Numbers

FTP 80

SMTP 25
 Protocol Port Number

HTTP 80
Match the
Protocols to
Their Port HTTPS 443
Numbers
FTP 20-21

SMTP 25
 For each
scenario below,
specify the
appropriate
protocol and its
port number

• You need to send an email from your Gmail account. (Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
• A company wants to allow employees to transfer files to their internal server.
(Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
• You enter www.example.com in a browser, and your computer needs to find its IP
address. (Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
• A user logs into a remote server securely to manage files and execute commands.
(Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
• You are streaming a live video call over the internet, requiring a fast, connectionless
protocol. (Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
• A user accesses a website using http://example.com. (Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
• A network administrator needs to remotely configure a switch but does not require
encryption. (Protocol: ____ , Port: ____)
 For each
scenario below,
specify the
appropriate
protocol and its
port number

• You need to send an email from your Gmail account. (Protocol: SMTP, Port: 25)
• A company wants to allow employees to securely transfer files to their internal
server. (Protocol: FTP, Port: 20-21)
• You enter www.example.com in a browser, and your computer needs to find its IP
address. (Protocol: DNS , Port: 53)
• A user logs into a remote server securely to manage files and execute commands.
(Protocol: SSH , Port: 22)
• You are streaming a live video call over the internet, requiring a fast, connectionless
protocol. (Protocol: UDP)
• A user accesses a website using http://example.com. (Protocol: HTTP, Port: 80)
• A network administrator needs to remotely configure a switch but does not require
encryption. (Protocol: TELNET, Port: 23)
Differentiate between URL and DNS

• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The full web address that

includes protocol, domain name, and path (e.g.,
https://www.example.com/page).
• DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names
(e.g., google.com) into IP addresses.
What is DHCP?

• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network

management protocol used to dynamically assign an IP address
to any device, or node, on a network so it can communicate using
IP.
 What is MAC address?
• A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique hardware
identifier assigned to a device's network interface card (NIC) by the
manufacturer. It is used to identify devices on a local network (LAN)

• A MAC address is a 48-bit address (6-byte), usually written in

hexadecimal and separated by colons (:) or hyphens (-).
• Example:
00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E (colon-separated)
00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E (hyphen-separated)
 What is IP address?
• An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical identifier
assigned to a device on a network. It allows devices to communicate
with each other over the internet or a local network.
 Types of IP addresses:
IPv4 (Internet Protocol IPv6 (Internet Protocol
Version 4) Version 6)
• Uses a 32-bit address format. • Uses a 128-bit address format.
• Written as four decimal • Written as eight groups of
numbers separated by dots. hexadecimal numbers separated by
• Example: 192.168.1.1 colons.
• Supports 4.3 billion unique • Example:
addresses. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:03
70:7334
• Supports trillions of unique
addresses to accommodate internet
growth.
 Read the
scenario and
answer the
questions
John is setting up a home network. His router assigns each
connected device an address dynamically. Later, he checks his
laptop’s network settings and sees two addresses:
• 192.168.1.100
• 00:1D:4F:2A:3C:7B
Questions:
1.Which address is the IP address?
2.Which address is the MAC address?
3.If John moves his laptop to a coffee shop Wi-Fi, which
address is likely to change?
Authority vs Anchor vs Port

• Authority: The main part of the URL containing the domain (e.g.,
example.com in https://www.example.com).
• Anchor (#): Used to navigate to a specific section of a webpage
(https://example.com#section1).
• Port: Specifies the communication endpoint
(https://example.com:8080).
 Method Function
Retrieves data (e.g., visiting a
GET
webpage).
Describe
HTTP Sends data (e.g., submitting a
POST
methods form).
PUT Updates existing data.
DELETE Removes data.
PATCH Partially updates data.
Code Meaning Example
200 OK Page loads successfully

301 Moved Permanently Redirected URL

404 Not Found Page does not exist

500 Internal Server Error Server failure

What kind of network covers an entire city
such as Cairo?

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

What kind of network is formed when LANs
are connected together?

• WAN (Wide Area Network)

Given IP: 192.168.1.0, what is the correct
CIDR notation to connect 11 devices on AWS?

• Since AWS reserves 5 IPs, so we need at least 16 (11+5) total

IPs
• We will need 4 bits from the 32 bits for those IPs (since 2^4 =
16)
• CIDR Notation: 192.168.1.0/28 (16 total IPs, 11 usable)
Given IP: 192.168.1.0, what is the
correct CIDR notation to connect 15 devices on AWS?

• Since AWS reserves 5 IPs, so we need at least 20 (15+5)

total IPs
• 4 bits will give 16 IPs which is not enough
• 5 bits will give 32 IPs which is more but is correct
• CIDR Notation: 192.168.1.0/27 (32 total IPs, 27 usable)