Lesson 4

Applications of
Definite Integrals
Lesson 4.1
Plane Area and Areas
between Curves
 Learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Familiarize oneself to the equations of curves
2. Solve for the definite integral of the given
3. Apply integration to solve for the area of the
curve
 DEFINITE INTEGRALS

Integrals with limits of integration and

with definite value as answer.
𝒃
𝒃
න 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭(𝒙) | = 𝑭 𝒃 − 𝑭(𝒂)
𝒂 𝒂
 APPLICATION OF
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
𝒃
𝑨 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑
𝒂
𝒃
𝑨 = න (𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳 )𝒅𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑
𝒂
TYPE OF CURVES
Solving for
Plane Area
EXAMPLE 1 Find the area bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 and the
x-axis and the ordinates 𝒙 = 𝟏 and 𝒙 = 𝟑
𝒃 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑
𝑨 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙 𝑨= −
𝒂 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟏
𝑨 = න (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟎)𝒅𝒙 𝑨= −
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
𝟑
𝟐𝟔
𝑨=න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝑨= sq. units
𝟏 𝟑
𝒙𝟑𝟑
𝑨= |
𝟑 𝟏
EXAMPLE 2 Find the area lying above the x-axis and under the
parabola 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒚 = −(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙) 𝟎 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = −(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + 𝟒 𝟎 = 𝒙(𝟒 − 𝒙)
𝒚 =− 𝒙−𝟐 𝟐+𝟒 𝒙=𝟎 𝟒−𝒙=𝟎
𝑽 𝟐, 𝟒 𝒙=𝟒
Opening downward
EXAMPLE 2 Find the area lying above the x-axis and under the
parabola 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝒃
𝟔𝟒
𝑨 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙 𝑨 = 𝟑𝟐 −
𝒂 𝟑
𝟒
𝟑𝟐
𝑨 = න (𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟎)𝒅𝒙 𝑨= sq units
𝟎 𝟑
𝟑
𝒙 𝟒
𝑨 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − |
𝟑 𝟎
𝟑
(𝟒)
𝑨 = 𝟐(𝟒)𝟐 −
𝟑
 Find the area bounded by the parabola
EXAMPLE 3 𝒙 = 𝟖 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 and the y-axis and the lines
𝒚 = −𝟏 and 𝒚 = 𝟑

𝒙 = 𝟖 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐
𝒙 = −𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 +𝟖
𝒙 = −(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) +𝟖
𝒙 = −(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) + 𝟖 + 𝟏
𝒙 = −(𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 +𝟗
𝑽 𝟗, 𝟏
Opening to the left
 Find the area bounded by the parabola
EXAMPLE 3 𝒙 = 𝟖 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 and the y-axis and the lines
𝒃 𝒚 = −𝟏 and 𝒚 = 𝟑
𝑨 = න (𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳 )𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝟎
𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟐𝟒 − −
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
𝑨 = න (𝟖 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚 − 𝟎)𝒅𝒚
−𝟏 𝟗𝟐
𝟑 𝑨= sq units
𝒚 𝟑 𝟑
𝑨 = 𝟖𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − |
𝟑 −𝟏
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 (−𝟏)
𝑨=𝟖 𝟑 + 𝟑 𝟐− − 𝟖(−𝟏) + (−𝟏)𝟐 −
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟐𝟒 + 𝟗 − 𝟗 − −𝟖 + 𝟏 +
𝟑
EXAMPLE 4 Find the area bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔
and the x-axis and the ordinates 𝒙 = 2 and 𝒙 = 𝟔

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔
𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙
𝟒𝟗 𝟐
𝟒𝟗
𝒚−𝟔+ = 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒙 +
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐𝟓 𝟕 𝟐
𝒚+ = (𝒙 − )
𝟒 𝟐
𝟕 𝟐 𝟐𝟓 𝟕 𝟐𝟓
𝒚 = (𝒙 − ) − 𝑽 ,−
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
Opening upward
EXAMPLE 4 Find the area bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔
and the x-axis and the ordinates 𝒙 = 𝟐 and 𝒙 = 𝟔
𝒃 𝟖
𝑨 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙 𝑨 = −𝟕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟔 − 𝟑𝟔 − − + 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐
𝒂
𝟑
𝟔 𝟐
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖 − −
𝑨 = න (𝟎 − (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔))𝒅𝒙 𝟑
𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓𝟔
𝒙 𝟕𝒙 𝟔 𝑨= sq units
𝑨 = −( − + 𝟔𝒙)| 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝟔 𝟑 𝟕 𝟔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟕 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨=− + −𝟔 𝟔 − − + − 𝟔(𝟐)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
 Solving for
Areas between
Curves
EXAMPLE 5 Find the area bounded by the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙 and
the line 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒃
𝑨 = න (𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳 )𝒅𝒚 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙
𝒂
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙= 𝒚+𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟒
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟒) = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙= 𝒚 𝒙−𝟏=𝟎 𝒙−𝟒=𝟎
𝟒
𝒙=𝟏 𝒙=𝟒
EXAMPLE 5 Find the area bounded by the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙 and
the line 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒

𝒙=𝟏 𝒃
𝑨 = න (𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳 )𝒅𝒚 𝟔𝟒 −𝟖
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 𝑨=𝟒+𝟖− − 𝟏−𝟒−
𝒂 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟐(𝟏) − 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟖𝟎 𝟐𝟖
𝒚 = −𝟐 𝑨 = න ( 𝒚 + 𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 𝑨= − −
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝒙=𝟒
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝟒
𝑨= + 𝟐𝒚 − | 𝑨 = 𝟗 sq units
𝒚 = 𝟐(𝟒) − 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 −𝟐
𝒚=𝟒 (𝟒)𝟐 𝟒 𝟑 (−𝟐)𝟐 (−𝟐)𝟑
𝑨= +𝟐 𝟒 − − + 𝟐(−𝟐) −
𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
EXAMPLE 6 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 and the 𝒙 = 𝒚𝟐
𝒃
𝑨 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒂 𝒚= 𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙
𝑨 = න ( 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 𝟎 = 𝒙(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)
𝒚= 𝒙 𝟎
𝒚= 𝒙𝟐
𝟑 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟑 𝟏
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒙=𝟏
𝑨= − |
𝟑 𝟑 𝟎
𝟑
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 (𝟏)𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝑨= − 𝑨= − 𝑨= sq units
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
EXAMPLE 7 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 and the 𝒙 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏

𝒙 = −𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏 −𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒙 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏
−𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 = −𝟏 − 𝟏
−𝟐𝒚𝟐 = −𝟐
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
𝒚 = ±𝟏
EXAMPLE 7 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 and the 𝒙 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒚 = ±𝟏
𝒃
𝑨 = න (𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳 )𝒅𝒚
𝒂
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐(−𝟏)𝟑
𝟏
𝑨=𝟐 𝟏 − − 𝟐(−𝟏) −
𝟑 𝟑
𝑨 = න (𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 − (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏))𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝟐
−𝟏 𝑨 = 𝟐 − − −𝟐 +
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
𝑨 = න (𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐 ))𝒅𝒚
−𝟏 𝟖 sq units
𝟐𝒚𝟑 𝟏 𝑨=
𝑨 = 𝟐𝒚 − | 𝟑
𝟑 −𝟏
 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
EXAMPLE 8 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 and 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 and the ordinates
𝒙 = −𝟐 and 𝒚 = 𝟐

𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝑨𝑻 = 𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐
𝑽 𝟎, 𝟏
Opening downward
𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐
let 𝒚 = 𝟎 let 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟎 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒚 = −𝟐(𝟎) + 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒚 =𝟐
𝒙 =𝟏 (𝟎, 𝟐)
(𝟏, 𝟎)
 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
EXAMPLE 8 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 and 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 and the ordinates
𝒙 = −𝟐 and 𝒚 = 𝟐
𝒃
𝑨𝟏 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙 𝟖
𝒂 𝑨𝟏 = 𝟎 + 𝟐 +
𝟎 𝟑
𝑨𝟏 = න (𝟐 − (−𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏))𝒅𝒙 𝟏𝟒
−𝟐 𝑨𝟏 =
𝟑
𝒙𝟑 𝟎
𝑨𝟏 = 𝟐𝒙 + − 𝒙|
𝟑 −𝟐
𝒙𝟑 𝟎
𝑨𝟏 = 𝒙 + |
𝟑 −𝟐
𝟎 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟑
𝑨𝟏 = 𝟎 + − −𝟐 +
𝟑 𝟑
 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
EXAMPLE 8 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 and 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 and the ordinates
𝒙 = −𝟐 and 𝒚 = 𝟐
𝒃
𝑨𝟐 = න (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝟏
𝑨𝟐 = න (−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 − (−𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏))𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟑
𝒙 𝟏
𝑨𝟐 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + − 𝒙|
𝟑 𝟎
𝟑
𝒙 𝟏
𝑨𝟐 = −𝒙𝟐 +𝒙|
𝟑 𝟎
𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 𝟑
𝑨𝟐 = − 𝟏 𝟐+𝟏− − 𝟎 𝟐
+𝟎
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
𝑨𝟐 = − 𝟏 + 𝟏 − 𝟎 𝑨𝟐 =
𝟑 𝟑
 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves
EXAMPLE 8 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 and 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 and the ordinates
𝒙 = −𝟐 and 𝒚 = 𝟐

𝑨𝑻 = 𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐
𝟏𝟒 𝟏
𝑨𝑻 = +
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟓
𝑨𝑻 =
𝟑

𝑨𝑻 = 𝟓 sq units