Lesson 4.2 - Volume of Solid of Revolution (Disk and Washer Method)
Uploaded by
Jaycee BanaagLesson 4.2 - Volume of Solid of Revolution (Disk and Washer Method)
Uploaded by
Jaycee BanaagLesson 4.
2
Volumes of Solid of
Revolution
Learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Describe volume of solid of revolution
2. Calculate the volume of solid of revolution using
disk method, washer method or cylinder
method.
SOLID OF REVOLUTION
It is obtained by revolving a plane region
about a horizontal or vertical line that does not
pass through the plane. The line is known as the
axis of rotation.
SOLID OF REVOLUTION
This type of solid will be made up of one of
three types of elements—disks or washers—each
of which requires a different approach in
setting up the definite integral to determine its
volume.
DISK METHOD
This method is useful
when the axis of rotation
is part of the boundary
of the plane area.
DISK METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the 𝒙 - axis, and the top of the
plane area is given by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) between 𝒙 = 𝒂
and 𝒙 = 𝒃 then the volume is given by the formula
𝒃 𝒃
𝑽 = න 𝝅𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝝅 න [𝒇 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒂 𝒂
DISK METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the 𝒚 - axis, and the side of the
plane area is given by the curve 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒚) between 𝒚 = 𝒂
and 𝒚 = 𝒃 then the volume is given by the formula
𝒃 𝒃
𝑽 = න 𝝅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝝅 න [𝒈 𝒚 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒚
𝒂 𝒂
Find the volume generated by revolving the first quadrant
EXAMPLE 1 area bounded by the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙 and its latus
rectum 𝒙 = 𝟐 about the 𝒙 −axis?
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙
𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 (𝟎, 𝟎)
𝒙=𝟐
Find the volume generated by revolving the first quadrant
EXAMPLE 1 area bounded by the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙 and its latus
rectum 𝒙 = 𝟐 about the 𝒙 −axis?
𝒃
𝑽 = 𝝅 න 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅 න 𝟖𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅 𝟒𝒙
𝟎
𝑽 = 𝝅 𝟒(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟎)𝟐 𝑽 = 𝟏𝟔𝝅 cubic units
Determine the volume of the solid by rotating the region
EXAMPLE 2 bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓, 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟒, and the
𝒙 − axis about the 𝒙 − axis
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙
𝒚 − 𝟓 + 𝟒 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒
𝒚 − 𝟏 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 +𝟏
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 (𝟐, 𝟏)
𝒙=𝟏
𝒙=𝟒
Determine the volume of the solid by rotating the region
EXAMPLE 2 bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓, 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟒, and the
𝒙 − axis about the 𝒙 − axis
𝒃
𝑽 = 𝝅 න 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝟒
𝑽 = 𝝅 න (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟒
𝑽 = 𝝅 න (𝒙𝟒 − 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓)𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝒙𝟓 𝟒
𝟐𝟔𝒙 𝟑
𝟐 𝟒
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝟐𝒙 + − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
Determine the volume of the solid by rotating the region
EXAMPLE 2 bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓, 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟒, and the
𝒙 − axis about the 𝒙 − axis
𝒙𝟓 𝟐𝟔𝒙 𝟑
𝟒
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + − 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
(𝟒)𝟓 𝟒
𝟐𝟔 𝟒 𝟑
(𝟏)𝟓
𝟐𝟔 𝟏 𝟑
𝑽=𝝅 −𝟐 𝟒 + − 𝟐𝟎 𝟒 𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓 𝟒 − −𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
+ − 𝟐𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
+ 𝟐𝟓 𝟏
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝟏 𝟐𝟔
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝟓𝟏𝟐 + − 𝟑𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − −𝟐+ − 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟒𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕𝟖
𝑽=𝝅 −
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟕𝟖
𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟓
EXAMPLE 3 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟖, and the 𝒙 - axis about the 𝒙 - axis
EXAMPLE 3 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟖, and the 𝒙 - axis about the 𝒙 - axis
𝒃 𝟓 𝟓
𝑽 = 𝝅 න 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝟑(𝟖)𝟑 𝟑(𝟎)𝟑
𝒂 𝑽=𝝅 −
𝟖
𝟓 𝟓
𝑽 = 𝝅 න ( 𝟑 𝒙)𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝟗𝟔
𝟎
𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟖
𝟓
𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅න 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟓
𝟑𝒙𝟑 𝟖
𝑽=𝝅 ቤ
𝟓 𝟎
WASHER METHOD
This method is useful
when the axis of
rotation is not part of
the boundary of the
plane area.
WASHER METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the 𝒙 - axis, the upper boundary of
the plane is given by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) , the lower boundary
by 𝒚 = 𝒈(𝒙), and the regions runs from 𝒙 = 𝒂 and 𝒙 = 𝒃
then the volume is given by the formula
𝒃
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒇 𝒙 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
WASHER METHOD
When the axis of rotation is the 𝒚 - axis, and the plane area is
bounded to the right by 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒚) to the left by 𝒙 = 𝒈 𝒚
above by 𝒚 = 𝒃 and 𝒚 = 𝒂 then the volume is given by the
formula
𝒃
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒇 𝒚 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒚 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
EXAMPLE 1
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝟏
𝐲= 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about the 𝒚 - axis
𝟒
Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
EXAMPLE 1
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 and
𝟏
𝐲= 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about the 𝒚 - axis
𝟒
𝒃 𝟏 𝟒𝒚 = 𝒚𝟑
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒇 𝒚 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒚 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝒚= 𝒙
𝟒
𝒂 𝟒 = 𝒚𝟐
𝟐 𝟒𝒚 = 𝒙
𝑽 = 𝝅 න (𝟒𝐲)𝟐 −(𝒚𝟑 )𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 = ±𝟐
𝟎 𝒚=𝟑𝒙
𝟐 𝟏𝟔(𝟐)𝟑 (𝟐)𝟕 𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙
𝑽 = 𝝅 න (𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟔 )𝒅𝒚 𝑽=𝝅 −
𝟑 𝟕
𝟎
𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟕 𝟐 𝟓𝟏𝟐
𝑽=𝝅 − 𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟑 𝟕 𝟎 𝟐𝟏
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 and
𝐲 = 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about 𝒚 = −𝟐
𝒃
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒇 𝒙 ]𝟐 −[𝒈 𝒙 ]𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟑
𝒂 𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟏=𝒙
𝟎
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න [𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟔 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න −𝒙𝟔 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the portion of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 and
𝐲 = 𝒙, that lies in the first quadrant about 𝒚 = −𝟐
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝝅 න −𝒙𝟔 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝒙𝟕 𝟒
𝒙𝟑
𝟐 𝟏
𝑽=𝝅 − −𝒙 + + 𝟐𝒙
𝟕 𝟑 𝟎
(𝟏)𝟕 (𝟏) 𝟑
𝑽=𝝅 − − (𝟏)𝟒 + + 𝟐(𝟏)𝟐
𝟕 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟓
𝑽=𝝅 − −𝟏+ +𝟐 𝑽= 𝝅 cubic units
𝟕 𝟑 𝟐𝟏
Points to remember:
SOLID OF REVOLUTION - is obtained by revolving a plane
region about a horizontal or vertical line that does not pass
through the plane.
Two types of elements that made up the solid — disks or
washers.
