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ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Presentation · February 2025

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27801.74089

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 ADVANCED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Presented By :

AVIJIT GHOSH
Roll No. : 002330301017
Registration No. : 1662142 of 2023-24
1st Year, 2nd Semester (Day)
M.E. in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering
School of Water Resources Engineering
Jadavpur University
August-2024
 Layout of the Presentation :-

 Introduction
 Requirement
 Objective
 Physical Process
 Physico-chemical Process
 Biological Process
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION

This presentation explores innovative approaches to advanced wastewater

treatment. We will discuss methods that enhance efficiency and promote
sustainability in the management of water resources.

o Industrial wastewater-variety of pollutants with varying concentrations

and properties
o No single technology available to treat all industrial wastewaters
o Technology selection-based on type of pollutants, concentration of
pollutants and treated water quality requirement
 Requirement of Advanced Wastewater Treatment :
o To remove Suspended Solids, BOD, Nutrients, Dissolved Solids, Toxic
Substances
o To make treated wastewater suitable or reuse, safe discharge.

 Technologies used for Advanced Wastewater Treatment :

o Physical Process
o Physico-chemical process
o Biological Process
 Objective of Advanced Wastewater Treatment :

The major objective of wastewater treatment is to remove as much of the suspended

solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to
the environment.

o To improve quality of wastewater

o Elimination of pollutants, toxicants and many such
o Preservation of water quality of natural water resources
o To make wastewater usable for other purposes
o Prevention of harmful diseases
 PHYSICAL PROCESS
In advanced wastewater treatment, physical processes are essential for
enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment system. They focus
on removing residual solids, particulate matter, and contaminants to ensure
high-quality effluent.

A. Screening :- First step at any wastewater treatment.

o It involves removal of non-biodegradable and floating solids.
o Examples for floating solids are rags, papers, plastics, tins and wood.

B. Grit Chamber :- It is a sedimentation basin placed at the front of

wastewater treatment plant.
o It removes sand, egg shells, coffee grounds and other materials which may
cause clog in the channels
C. Flotation :- It is widely used in industrial waste water treatment plants.
o It removes fats, oil, grease, and suspended solids from waste water.
o These units are called as Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) units
o These DAF units removes oil from the wastewater effluents of oil refineries,
petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas processing plants.
D. Wastewater Clarifier Sedimentation Tank :- This plays an important role in removing
heavier sludge solids by means of settling and separation from liquid phase.
E. Equalization Basin
F. Fat and Grease Removal
 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESS
These processes are particularly useful for treating specific pollutants, achieving high water quality, and
meeting stringent regulatory standards & enhance the removal of contaminants by combining physical
separation methods with chemical reactions.
A. Coagulation :- Remove suspended solids, colloids, and dissolved organic matter. Chemical
coagulants (e.g., alum, ferric chloride) are added to wastewater, neutralizing charges on particles and
causing them to clump together (coagulate).
B. Flocculation:- Gentle stirring or agitation promotes the formation of larger flocs from the coagulated
particles. Flocculants (e.g., polymers) are added to bind the particles into larger aggregates that can be
more easily removed.
C. Adsorption :- Water is passed through beds of activated carbon which adsorbs &
remove trace organic contaminants, color, and some inorganic substances.
D. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) :- Degrade persistent organic contaminants
and micro-pollutants. Hydrogen peroxide is combined with UV light to produce
hydroxyl radicals, which oxidize contaminants.
E. Ion Exchange :- Remove specific ions or contaminants from wastewater.
F. Reverse Osmosis :- Achieve high-purity water by removing dissolved contaminants
& wide range of contaminants, including salts, organic compounds, and
microorganisms.
G. Ultrafiltration :- Remove suspended solids, colloids, and high molecular weight
substances.
H. Electrocoagulation & Electro-oxidation
 BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

Biological processes in advanced wastewater treatment are crucial for

further purifying wastewater by utilizing microorganisms to degrade
organic pollutants, remove nutrients, and produce high-quality effluent.
A. Activated Sludge Process :- Biologically degrade organic matter
and pollutants
o Wastewater is mixed with microorganisms (activated sludge) in an
aeration tank, where organic matter is oxidized.
B. Trickling Filters :- Remove organic matter through biological
degradation.
o Wastewater is passed over rotating or stationary media covered
with microorganisms (biofilm).
C. Anaerobic Digesters :- Used primarily for sludge treatment, where organic matter
is decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms, producing biogas (methane and carbon
dioxide) and stabilized sludge.
D. Aerobic Digesters :- Aerobic digestion is a biological treatment process used to
stabilize organic waste materials by utilizing microorganisms in the presence of
oxygen.
E. Constructed Wetlands :- Treat wastewater using natural wetland ecosystems.
o Wastewater flows over a substrate (e.g., gravel, soil) planted with vegetation.
F. Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) :- Perform batch wise treatment of wastewater
with biological process.
o Wastewater is treated in a single reactor through a series of phases: fill, react, settle,
and decant.
G. Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) :- Combine biological treatment with membrane
filtration for high-quality effluent.
o The treated water is filtered through membranes (e.g., microfiltration,
ultrafiltration) to remove remaining solids and microorganisms.
 Future Scope of Advanced Wastewater Treatment :

The future scope of advanced wastewater treatment techniques is evolving

rapidly due to the increasing demand for more efficient, sustainable, and
effective methods to address complex and emerging contaminants.

o Optimizing utilization of installed treatment capacity

o Improving compliance rates and developing differentiated standards for reuse
purposes
o Developing a complete treatment scenario with an assessment of both
centralized and decentralized treatment facilities.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, advanced wastewater treatment represents a vital

evolution in water management, designed to address the limitations of
conventional methods and tackle complex contamination challenges.
Advanced wastewater treatment techniques aim to achieve higher levels
of water purification by targeting specific contaminants and meeting
stringent regulatory standards. They integrate physical, chemical, and
biological methods to ensure comprehensive treatment and high-quality
effluent suitable for various reuse or discharge applications.
REFERENCES :- Book : "Environmental Engineering: Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse"
. Authors: S. K. Gupta, Publisher: Khanna Publishers, Year: 2014
o "wastewater treatment | Process, History, Importance, Systems, & Technologies". Encyclopedia
Britannica. October 29, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
o D. E. Pignatello, M. S. Oliveros, and A. M. MacKay, "Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater
Treatment: A Review" , Journal Articles: Environmental Science & Technology (2006)
o J. M. McNeill and D. W. Smith, "Advanced Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Emerging
Contaminants from Wastewater" ,Journal: Water Research (2020)
o N. C. Patel and V. K. Sharma, "Sustainable Water Management Practices in India: Advanced Wastewater
Treatment Approaches", Journal: Environmental Science & Pollution Research (2021)
o Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Ministry of Housing
and Urban Affairs, Government of India, "Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems" (2013)
o Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, "Guidelines for the
Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater" (2021)
o Website: IWWA, NEERI, CPCB, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect
 SAVE WATER

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