Level 1 Public Admin, Law and Governance-

20250430_170851-Meeting Recording
April 30, 2025, 2:43PM
2h 25m 8s

Speaker 1 0:14
Tell what we do.
Who others to read?
80 2.
Springfield, sears.
You don't see.
In 25 years, being able I'm confessional program.
It's not.
Thank you.
Tell me.
As long.

Speaker 2 16:57
Any.

Speaker 3 19:44
Good evening, Tim.
You can see there just eleven of us.
Maybe let's give another 5 minutes to draining so that we we we can start.
Yeah, let's just put them.
But five years to June, but in the Indian allow me to share the slides for
today's class.
On the on the checkbook so that.
Those who can can actually.
Connect.
So just give us 5 minutes whilst I try to share the the slides with this cler.

Speaker 4 24:50
The.

Speaker 3 26:00
OK, I will come because I think I think I think we can all start.
I hope you guys have received your your marks.
We'll chat with part of part of this class to discuss the exam.
And some of your experiences, but I believe we try to do, we try to try to
do justice in last in the last class in terms of.
In terms of some of the expectations from the Examiner and, and I'm sure
some of you guys actually did introspection.
In that in fact areas where you you did not do your.
The dishes that most of you got expected, given that your first exam.
From the next exam, we would expect an improvement.
Just confirm if you guys are hearing me.
Farai Farimaguchi, can you hear me?
Are you are you hearing me clearly?

Speaker 1 27:03
Yes, I'm hearing you clearly, McDonald.

Speaker 3 27:07
Yeah, I know. Perfect.
So it's OK, we can.

Speaker 1 27:09
But we haven't received the results yet.

Speaker 3 27:14
Yeah, sure.
It's. I'm sure they can.
I'll I'll check during the course of the of the class when you'll be receiving
yourselves.

Speaker 1 27:21
OK.

Speaker 3 27:21
But we from my end.
From my end, we did the Martin's and everything. Yes, OK.
So yeah, like I mentioned, like I mentioned before, we've done the bulk of
this lab in terms of what they expected to know the regulated framework.
We did that.
We did issues of governance, we did policy.
So the the core, the core core issues.
Of what it covered.
But there was the upper that the issues. Remember this equals ongoing.
The obvious other issues that we we would want to look at that are
equally equally important what we would do in today's class. We'll try to
look at the background behind administration in terms of what is.
That administration in the first place.
The different types of administration we look at the theoretical framework.
There are a number of scholars that have looked at that at the at what is
public administration.
We look at administration also from the perspective of the public in the
private sector to understand how the that how that differs also then go to
the Constitution in terms of some of the principles of administration, you
might get one or two theoretical questions about admin, but REM.
As I mentioned, also in the first class.
Which, you know, our first lessons that.
The at this level.
It's mainly application may be given a case that where you were supposed
them to apply your administration knowledge to that type of case that,
but as usual, we'll try to make this one as interactive as possible for the
benefit of.
Well, the benefit of the rest of the class, OK, so a bit about definitions.
The first one is by Ian cladding, which is administrative, is a long and
slightly pompous way, but it is a humble meaning, for it means to care for
or to look after people to manage affairs.
It's determined is a determined action taken in pursuit of a of a purpose.
So declare from this definition.
I think the what we can pick is that.
Administration is is to care for people, for others to manage.
Sit in activities. You've got your objective and they're supposed to
manage that objective to achieve a particular particular purpose.
So that's just admin.
Obviously I'm not going to be asked to defend this one.
Then the second one.
In terms of the definitions.

Speaker 4 30:21
What is?

Speaker 3 30:22
Inactivated to achieve a particular purpose. But then from this we are
seeing the aspect of collective effort. So in terms of administration, say
administer of.

Speaker 4 30:23
What?
Yes.

Speaker 3 30:35
Social welfare.
You maybe your key objective is to alleviate.
Alleviate both heart suffering amongst the two members of society. So
from this perspective, what administration then he tells is that is a
collective effort between the different facets of that Ministry of God.
Findings processing payments to to individuals.
You've got probably PM you requiring those items that that will be paid,
then ICT managing the the the systems, the ICT systems that are
supposed to.
I used to to manage that process.
Obviously the the officers with the raw, you've got the the code partners
that also have got a role.
So administration, then it becomes a process where if where we've got
collective efforts between different facets, we've got Vision 2030 that's
being by different ministries, each ministry with within its own with its
own with its own role.
So that's another.
Another key thing too on on administration, OK.
OK.
So this one, the Woodrow Wilson, which is one that I like.
So public administration.
The detailed and systematic application of the law, every particular
application of the law, is an act of administration.
Remember when we did?
Police we we said there's there's what is called police over. There's the
agenda setting. Then there's police formulation and police
implementation.
So police formulation when when you formulate a policy.
Seattle, maybe police or a law that just one step.
But then when you apply that law, you need to come up with the
structures to ensure that that law is properly applied and the benefits that
the intended benefits of that law are achieved. And you do you want to do
that through coming up with proper administration struct.
So you've got the law. Then after the law you have got.
After, after the law you have got.
After the law, you have got structures that ensure that you you you apply
that you apply that that law for the benefit to show that we achieve the
intended benefit, the intended benefit. So public attitudes that detailed in
systematic application of the law.
So what?
The law, but in terms of not applying the law, we can only do that through
administration. Every particular application of the law is an act of
administration.
So if you have, you know the public service I mentioned, we everything's
carried by the law, you might be coming from.
Say.
In in the Human Rights Commission, you mean that's Commission offers
the basis is law and the Commission then established to make sure that
they administer that particular law so that the intended benefits of that.
Are achieved OK.
Public administration consists of all those operations having for their
purpose the fulfillment or enforcement of public policy.
I didn't just speak to what I've mentioned before. That way for the policy
work, for the law in public administration comes in to ensure that law is is
is achieved.
So yeah, that's just a bit about public administration.
So the key key things that we can we can take note 11, we've got a
purpose. We've got collective efforts.
With the law, our police behind that, that particular administration that
that would have that would be second to OK, it wasn't military.
It was the work of the courts and also special affairs of government
activity, education, health, construction of public works, conservation,
Social Security and others.
The conduct of public affairs in advanced civilization requires the
implement of every profession.
Skill generic. So this just speaks to the fact that fast.
Administration structure.
There's collective efforts between different skill sets.
In in government.
So in a very sense that it's gonna be trend is the activities of group
cooperating to accomplish the common purpose in its broadest sense.
Administration can be found as the activities of a group cooperating to
accomplish a particular purpose.
So.
Prefances of the definitions reviews that the administrative comprise of
two Essentials 1 cooperative effort. We have so into that in pursuit of
common objective or common objectives of also spoken to that.
I would take questions later, but maybe for now we can let you try to
make some some.

Speaker 5 35:41
Everything is.

Speaker 3 35:49
Those ones need to.
Mm hmm.
So it would be muted.
So we spoke to the Fed that public administration of corporate efforts and
then pursued of a common purpose was to that.
And what does 1 does not find inadmissible if there's only a common
purpose without a collective effort.
So this was what we've discussed.
That administration is a process command or group efforts public for
private sector military, large scale or small scale.
It is a process at work in a department store bank it is.
So speaks to what we've we've we've discussed in terms of what is what is
public admin.
So this is just a repetition of what we've discussed in an organization for
us to have an administration office who need an organization.
So an organization is a combination of the necessary human beings,
materials, tools, equipment, working space brought together in a
systematic and coordination to accomplish some desired objective in
organizing it. Combination of the necessary banks, materials, equipment.
Working space brought together in a systematic and effective correlation.
To accomplish some some some desired objective.
So Overestimus station with need to have collective effort, but for that
collective efforts, if there's human human beings or material, then they
have to be just be done in some coordinated manner so that they
intended objective of the law or the police. As I've alluded to earlier is.
Achieved OK just a bit.
OK. Then for us to achieve that, there's need for management.
So management is that which leads ties in. There is an organization for
the accomplishments of the predement objective.
So we'll also spoken to that, that when we've with these different
materials, this different human beings, different experience, finance, ICT,
it isn't this the at the end of the day there's need for management to
ensure that the intended objectives are achieved or intended objective of
the policy or.
Intended objective of the law.
Achieved in that kind of will be done by through management. So we'll
look into some of the different ways in which that is is achieved.
OK.
So the put in simple terms administration sets the goal management
strives to attain it, and organization is the machine of the management for
the attendant of the ends to determine the administration.
So let me repeat again to put it in similar terms. Management says the
goal.
Administration sets the goal in terms of want to alleviate suffering
amongst the family poor members of society. If it is a Ministry of Social
Welfare, then management obviously is seek to attend the intended goal.
Through.
Planning, meeting, organizing. Controlling.
Remember the those management principles?
And then through organization management then?
Maybe coordinates the different facets to ensure that the attainment of of
of the goals that would have been determined by administrator.
So it's very important for you to understand the differences between the
administration, the management and also organizations.
I think so important for you to.
To to have an understanding of of that.
So those are views that.
Administration is is assisted performing routine things in non settings and
according to certain procedures, rules and regulation.
Then also management management can then overwrite like it on top of
that through functions like risk taking dynamic creative and innovative
functions over above and are normal.
Management functions that we.
That we should relate to, make sure that all the different components they
work together to achieve a purpose through organization organizing and
also the normal management functions like planning, leading, organizing
and controlling.
So it's very important for us to to have that understanding and and and
appreciating, OK.
Then, then also in nature for public administration.
We we've got two approaches to public administration.
There's what is called the indigo approach and then the managerial
approach. So the the managerial approach to a public administration only
considers the the fact that administration is a managerial by undertaking
those managerial function that I've spoken to.
Planning, meeting, controlling, etc. Without.
Considering the other.
Data facets.
So which is covered by the integration. So the integral of U to admissition
set that admissibility is the sum of all activities manual, clerical and
managerial, etc.
Which are undertaken to realized objective of the organization.
So in the ground weight differs with management is that integral view of it
as both manual and clerical. Wireless manager also only concept.
Manager also.
Integral becomes more broader than than than than managerial.
So in this view, all the ex of government officials from the attendant
secretary to government in the head of state constitute public
administration.
So in that few years I've mentioned.
Public administration, in accordance with that integral view, if it is the
Minister of Social welfare, is I've I've alluded to, administrative included
there roles of the cleaner, the one who's who's making tea, the deputy
directors, The Economist. Everyone who's ever been there.
Consult to be part of part of part of management.
From up to even up to to the to the accounting office with the PEM SIG.
So that's the difference.
However, one alternative is what is called the manager of administration
so.
According to Manjiro, a view of administration, the managerial activities of
people who are involved in planning, organizing, commanding,
coordinating and controlling constitute public administration.
So you can see this only considered those who are responsible for
managing for the managerial part of it is involved in planning, organizing,
commanding, coordinating and controlling.
The other.
The other people.
So this view says that those ones are not important. The only important
ones that that ones were.
So this view regardless is getting things done and not merely doing
things. So the manager of you is through the public admission from non
managerial activities such as manual, clinical and technical activities.
So it's considered.
Only maybe those ones are are responsible for the for the managerial
aspects, say where it was.
To we were talking about stuff like your nieces, your doctors, etc.
Those under manager, they're not considered part of administration
because they are more like taken off, but the management.
Of organizing the functions of the nurses, the doctors, those ones are the
ones that are concerned to be part of administration.
OK, so the group views differs differ from each other than many ways.
The integral of view includes the activity, so.
All the people engage in administration, whereas the manager of you
activities of the few persons at the top. So under under managerial for
very few people. But under indigo they've got everyone who is in the
ministry.
So the integral view depicts all activities from manual to managerial, from
non-technical to technical, whereas the managerial autex into account
world managerial activities of the organization.
So something just to take note guys.
On that one, OK, so.
Differ from one's fear to the other depending upon the subject matter,
whereas that would not be the case.
I wouldn't. So as I mentioned, the managerial we are saying, the people
are supposed to managing if it is a ministry that might, they might not be
different between Provost to the other because all you manage how how
the ministers are managed might be the same, but now?
Now when you are undergoing not only the managers interpretation
above but also the taking of people who are underground. So if it is a
means of agriculture for extension of officers, if it is a means of health,
you have got your nurses, your doctors.
So it then varies from.
Engine to engine like the manager, where there's no, there's no. There's
no difference between one minister to the other.
So different between the two of you, so less the difference between
managing management and operation or MSA between getting things
done and doing things.
So managerial concept.
Only people who get things done, like those ones that they talk. But these
are the other one considered. Everyone is doing a thing, maybe at that
particular particular minute or end, OK.
So I hope you guys if we will find a stage and we.
Will.
We have.
Have where we have we're moving together, OK?
So it's a sad public administration examines every aspect of the
government's efforts to discharge the laws and to give effect to public
process as a process.
So as I've mentioned.
Linking to public policing with gender setting, we do the process
formulation process we come up with a policy when we want to
implement.
Now that's the way now.
Public administration comes in.
Well, we need to come up with systems, processes that ensure that the
objective of the policy are achieved, but also same process should also be
enabled soon to review the policy, to give feedback to the police
formulators in in making sure that if there are any.
Gaps in the police, then they are then placed again under gender setting.
OK.
So by the scope of public administration, we mean the major concerns of
public administration as an activity or asset discipline, so.
So, but the scope of application will mean the major concerns of public
administration.
So they were looking at public admission as an activity or asset discipline.
So maybe just let's look at public administration.
There's an activity, so by speaking public admin embraces all the
activities of government.
So that's public government want to achieve, maybe with with the
Constitution. We want to make sure that the Constitution is achieved
according to the Constitution.
What we do come up with that research instructions that ensure that we
achieve that objective of government.
All of that. So NCS in activity, the scope of public attention is no less than
the scope of state activities.
In the Modern Warfare state, people expect many things, so we're just
trying to explain that principle concept of of.
Of of public admin.
Istration.
So then there's public administration is a discipline, the sole public
administration is a discipline that is subject to start comprised of the
following.
So this is a very important guys.
And if there's a question that is going to come for.
For around public admin then one will data it's 22F or something to do
with.
With this definition postcorp.
So they're they're they're saying public administration.
Involves the following it planning, organizing, staffing, deleting,
coordinating, reporting, and budgeting. As you can see, based on this, it is
approach public.
This speaks more to what I would say, the managerial approach to public
admin.
So I will look at it at a number of.
It what it entails, just just a moment.

Speaker 6 52:01
What?

Speaker 3 52:22
OK.
Sorry for that, you can't.
So they we wanted to discuss the post post post POA post decor.
Is a principal public administration and you said it involves planning,
organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting. OK,
so planning.
Means the working out and broad outline.
Things to be done. They made it to be adopted to accomplish the purpose.
So planning means to working out in broad outline the things to be done,
the message to be adopted to accomplish the the people's.
So this speaks more.
I think we need to the we need to.
We need to mute F1.
So planning means the working out and broad outline the things to be
done, the methods to be adopted to accomplish the the purpose.
So that's planning.
So this picks more to the managerial approach.
The the integral includes everyone.
Not everyone is involved in in.
Planning so considered on those what's been voted in, planning,
organizing means establishment of a formal structure of authority through
which work is subdivided.
Arranged to find and coordinated.
So this judge managerial role is up to me to formal structure of authority
who opposed what.
Who does what in terms of work and how we see everything coordinated,
different facets of that organization. If it is a ministry, how can you to refer
to the Minister of Social Welfare as an example?
Our coordination can can be, can be, can be done.
I remember we said with different.
But means with. With finance we've got. That's what we've got. Payment
budget. We've got some financial report.
It is doing my projections to show that they support the intended objective
King.
Bin staffing miss.
The recruitment and training of the personnel in their conditions of work
staffing means the recruitment of entertaining or the personnel in their
conditions of work.
OK.
So this this is HR. Make sure that we put the people in the right people will
be able to deliver on the intended objective.
So staffing is also very managerial responsibility because it's making sure
that we put.
We're taking on board the right personnel and also creating the.
Environment that is consistent for them to deliver.
Then directing means making decisions and issuing orders and
instructions.
Management then also coordinating with different departments, different
parties. We need me for that. Everything is coordinated.
For for the achievement of contended purpose. OK.
So let's make sure that just to recap, put scope very important.
Let's make sure that we claim this one, so we shall important.
Then the reporting reporting.
We spoke to reporting Monday reporting management accounts, quarterly
reporting, final reporting.
Regular reporting at ended level.
Which which basically is more uninformative to say.
You have to say this.
What is happened?
Or maybe this might happen if it is a forecast.
We received so much from Treasury.
This is how we did. Spend what? Whatever that we see from Treasury,
then budget means fiscal planning, control and accounting.
So yeah, this suggest a bit of.
OK.
So according to colleague Postcope activities are common to
organizations.
They are common problems of management, which are found in divided
indigenous regarding of the nature of what they do.
So there were saying like I mentioned, the managerial approach to
administration or the managerial view to administration.
These are similar in all ministries or so Es Indian like to find differences.
The way we recruit, the way we organize.
Uh, the way we plan might be the same, but probably what might differ is
the technical aspect.
What the ministry does, if it is a means of OM, probably for the police
officer, Fee Minister of Energy. When you've got other individuals maybe
different from how Rhea is run, maybe different from how Zera is run. But
under post code, we expect in general that the activ.
Are.
At this time.
Can.
So what's the overview?
Looks over looks the fact that.
Different items that face the different administration problems, which are
peculiar, the nature of the services they render and the in the function
that they perform. So as I mentioned that we've got different
organizations that have got a different objective that they've got a
different technical people the post.
Code view only takes into account the general.
Managerial views but does does does not take into account the subject
matter.
Which are the typical issues that the organization does? What's supposed
to be supposed to do?
So imagine defecting the postc copies that it does not contain in reference
to the formulation and implementation of.
That policy.
So the now the definition becomes very, very narrow minded in that in
that regard.
There's what the subject matter for you, which is a bit different from the
post code for the one that we've spoken to before.
So in order for you now looks at the technical issues for the for the for the
particular ministry. So probably according this, this group Public
Administration just not only the processes but also the other substantive
meters such as defence law.
Order, education, public health, agriculture it is.
So this.
Uh.
The post code is very important.
But over and above that, we also then need to it other things that are
more specialized for the particular organization that are unique for the
organization for ministry if it is added, we will take into account the things
that are unique or particular to add for its for.
Its function OK for example, if you take police administration, it is its own
techniques in terms of crime detection means of law and order. It is in
which.
Are much more vital to efficient police work than the formal principles.
Of organization, personal coordination or finance. It is the same with other
services also.
So we're saying if in overriding postcope is important, but we then need to
take into account this other substantive metrics. OK, so we conduct the
scope of public administration of the statement of Lewis Medium Public
Administration is an instrument of the two blades, like a pay off SC.
One blade may be knowledge of the field.
And by Postcope they had a blade is the knowledge of the subject matter
which these techniques are applied.
So where can you have the same admin structures across different
ministries, but over and above that within structures that take into
account the specialized nature of different ministries?
So something to take into account is just an example of going to ask.
To define Louis Mediam's approach to public adminism.
But this just meant to ensure that.
At least you are.
Yeah, you, you, you.
Yeah. Now, yeah.
Yeah, more appreciative of of of of public admin. And what what what it
entails. OK.
From your conclude discussion of the operation of that public
administration is 2 important aspects, namely deciding and doing things.
The first provided basis for the 2nd.
SO1 cannot conceive of any discipline but thinking or deciding that public
administration is a broad ranging and harmonious combination of theory
and practice.
So post code can be defined as theory.
I would do things, but how did nintagrahs of doing the things that's that?
That's that's that's that's the actual activity of of of of that but.
To give you further information in terms of what public administration is,
OK.
Yeah, we've done public administration.
I'm thinking maybe.
Can take a 4 minutes break and when we come back we we we we look at
the other areas of public administration in terms of the principles of public
administration.
So can take just a small short comfort break so.
It's for me.
It's quite a for all my squad. At six. I will come pick it. 5:50 for the other
areas of of public administration.
So just take a small 5 minutes break and then we come back for the other
areas.
So I'm also told that the the slides have been shared on the my ichat and
the link has been shared to you.
So just let's make sure that we we get access to the link and also follow
the slides from wherever you are.
So welcome big.
We've been speaking to welcome big to to our listeners. So have been
speaking to public administration from a from a theoretical perspective
and quoting a number of scholars.
But it's always so important to to realize or to to remind us so that this
public education is just part and parcel of the law. So and and and and the
the ultimate law in the land is the constitution, Zimbabwe.
So the number of principles.
Around public and.
Whose rules are found in the Constitution?
194th Constitution in the these are listed as part of the basic rules, values
and Principles Public Administration.
So when you are coming out public administration structure is a different
organization.
The role.
The judge is just to make sure that this this broad to the Constitution as
well as to the secondary.
Secondary rates of government.
OK.
So they goffing the excess of admission behavior and orders of
government, including institutions and agents of the state and
government controlled entities in the other public sector entities.
So it's a question of checking whether or not these are principles covering.
The inner.
Inner normal policies say it all.
The general's office.
The policies.
So the principles say Gavin and.
Finance may finance administration. You have given a question where
there's just a background of of that organization, and you're supposed to
comment in terms of how those.
Their functions are aligned with the principles of the Constitution, so
equation might come in that in that in that format. So never say you will
not want.
So the government, the excess of administration bfn which is of
government, including institutions and agents of the state and the and the
government controlled entities in other public enterprises.
So just go through some of the principles.
Established to the public sector, so politics largely answers the the what in
the way of government. Whereas public administration answers to how
and why.
So put it the politicians that once we determine the law and the police, we
want to provide for, say, one provide free primary education as an
example, they come up with that.
They maybe they come up with that, not, isn't it? But maybe it's a it's a
police.
So they now the job of public administration is to make sure that that they
implement that.
Particular police.
The how and why and not the white.
What is the risking ability to file for politicians first?
So Jeffrey ends when I will be looking at the difference between public
sector and private sector administrations.
Those are more the things where the basis of public administ.
Ration. OK.
So just to do this.
So people use the following question operators to demand fetch
accountability.
So fetch call accountability is just the relationship between different
ministries that are part of policy implementers for means of Education,
Ministry of Social Housing.
Minister of Finance.
These are just all these are players in, in, in, in, in public administration.
In the function then is to.
The citizens, who are the ultimate receiver, they also then demand.
The demand accounted for it, or if it's coordinated on that one, OK.
So these are the first two principles, so I'll just go through the principles.
The first one is maintenance of high standard of provisional ethics.
So public administrators need to code of conduct to regulate their
behaviour.
So public administration need to have a code of conduct.
Remember when we were discussing issues and?
Issues and and and a Peacock, we said entities are mandated to come up
with a code of conduct.
It's it's something that is mandatory.
So within your policies, just make sure that they are. There's a code of
conduct every every organization.
So judges in.
The pic in this one obvious is A is an institution.
Justice from Genesis would also see.
It's a it's but.
Entities mandated to come up with a code of conduct.
So it's a key principle. You might be told in in.
In a scenario, the editors for the past 10 years.
But they seem to group their code of conduct, comment on their public
affairs in the office.
You know that's not compliant because the the code of the do not have a
code of conduct. OK, then promotion of efficient and economic use of
resources.
I think that's the this the section that till later today.
Coming up of the press present is an organization and coming up with a
ppgpi.
Public programming tool.
Yes, it's 824.
At least to ensure that.
The There's an achievement of inefficient and economic use of of
resources.
So, so the role of human and others was in public attitudes can only be
underestimated.
More importantly, you mentioned those controls efficient in economic use
of of other resources.
So yeah, it's just just making sure that whatever resources that we have,
they should be efficient in economic growth of those resources.
Umm.
OK.
So we spoke to code of conduct.
We spoke to the economic resources, then development oriented.
So the global emergence of economic power, economic infrastructure
development in all series of governance.
Public regulatory in the development analysis must emphasize on the role
of development policy in economic growth.
Where police refused to measure, which promote efficiency in public
sector management and that few of government. So what we're basically
saying is whatever police that.
You that you come up with that particular organization or at any level, it
should be development oriented.
Same with what Vision 2030 Objective focus needs to make sure that
what chief is doing. So whatever policies that you whatever measures you
that that that are that are.
That are made particular edges then they should. They should be
development oriented, OK.
Awesome. OK.
Then services must be provided impartially.
Impartial fail and equitable.
So.
What I was saying, they should not be biased.
Against a certain group of individuals or a certain group within that
particular organization or outside that particular organization.
The citizens should be provided the same service across.
Without any any bias.
So there should be equitability.
So where you might be given a question and and there are issues of.
Non equitability, so obviously they know that it's not.
It happened.
The principles of the Constitution, section 194.
And also it's not in accord with the principles of as united in the
Constitution on public administration.
OK.
And the responsiveness to people's needs.
So public participation is obligatory.
There's need for the public to be involved in benchmarking concept for
this inability, so as far as possible in public, the entity should.
Involved their populace in in coming up with, with, with.
Structures we're coming up with the police, so anyway.
There should be a public participation as far as possible. You can be in
local authorities office on there and in the budget formulation process you
involve the public so that you respond to needs of the public as an
example.
So this is just also.
This is also a measure on public police public administration that is
coming from from the Constitution.
So also to also take note of that. OK.
Then there's the element of accountability to the people in the parliament.
It's obligatory comes in many ways. We're coming from finance
organization would come say in the providing monthly management
accounts.
Reports is and when they are required.
IE in financial reports of an individual also means that the reports are
provided accurate reports and are provided on time when you hide certain
information.
It's not only an ethical, but you also need demonstrating accountability.
So yeah, when you're committing, when the principal that would have
invited be given the scenario in terms of identifying the issue and
commenting on the principal, that would defin.
Itely if financials are not prepared on time if their errors in financials,
remember also.
The from a previous exam, your decision with three months of the year
will not omitted.
So that's not a a demonstration of accommodate.
So it's just something to take note, OK.
Umm.
So given that one admission from such a corruption appear to be so
endemic in our public life.
The Parliament in in Mumbai and other arms of Parliament that they made
should be washed out of public administration.
So just just to take into account the intended.
From the perspective of direct democracy, the state functionalities must
be accountable to the people.
Both state institution drive their authority from the people who face their
authority in different functionalities.
So using direct or.
Representative democracy.
The.
People there were thoughts of the people is drafte in in the, in the
composition of Parliament.
So it's more like a contributed to the people he's achieved throughout the
ability to to the, to the, to the, to the, to the arms of of.
To to to to Parliament is to the General General of the public.
So I'm just running through.
The different elements of accountability.
And and and and how it might fit.
So is that the state institution must work together with oversight institute
in a self economy.
So Ross Chat rose, 92.
That Democrats presupposes a civil society recognition by the state that
individuals in formal groups formal institution should be free to pursue
their interests and ideals independent of the state atmospheres of life.
So what I was saying.
Remember, under police we said during agenda setting.
A number of for each week.
They they they should be an element where the police, the pressure
groups, are able to review the the the environment. If they identify a
policy gap, they should be able to demand and and have that meta in
good as part of agenda setting.
So.
The fact that DF verify principle society also make sure that that is done
we do with the formal groups with working approach. There,
parliamentarians and affiliated areas that they want the report is to be to
be derived. But whenever groups like civil society and other entities that
allow.
That ensure that whatever issues are debated are discussed.
Affecting the public from there.
It is part of a policy that is eventually that is eventually administered. OK,
so I spoke with Vinita.
Then there's also a requirement in the consent that state instruction
agency work together.
Remember, we spoke of.
There should be some limit of availability.
Or accountability.
Where some portion aspect where we we have we statistical.
Nice to work together and cooperate, especially in the case where they've
got a similar.
Similar objective.
So obliged to cooperate with each other.
So conflict and competition between departments in the agencies can be
common way of got different ministries that have got laws that are almost
similar.
You might have a competition, but the amongst the principles.
Because the constant is measure, that is, there's some element of
coordination.
It might be that two ministries was was might appear to be in conflict or
the same roles in the mighty end up.
That's not the most efficient allocation of resources. The positive of
resources.
Where there would not be applied in the most effective and efficient man.
Ner.
OK. Then on the principle, so it's within the number of principles.
We've spoken to the Code of conduct.
They need to efficient application of resources.
They need for accountability also and now they need for the need for
certain stations to work together.
Then there's also the need for provision of timely, accessible and accurate
information.
Remember, we were for a number of specific dates for the presentation of
accounts.
You could say management accounts 20th of the next month.
Quarterly accounts 40 days after the end of the quarter assembled to
treasure.
A final financial statement two months after the end supposed to be two
months after the end.
They are supposed to be submitted to treasury and they also voted
general.
So there are some of the measures.
That would have been included to ensure that at least we provide timely.
Timely and accurate information so.
Where maybe at the end they prepared the accounts, but they don't have
access.
Information is not supported by efforts, so that is not in accordance to this
principle post information.
May not be accessible.
May not be verified.
Remember when we discussed, we said the judge of a of a finance
function?
Is to to provide valid, accurate and complete information.
So if the information is sufficient supported variables, then it it might not
be, might not be valid and if the information is not provided only timely
basis then it's not in in in alignment with this principles you might say you
might have an organization that is yet to.
Finalize that 2023 financial statements information.
Might is not being obviously financial statement, not timely.
Prorated for so then this is this is in violation of this.
Of this principle.
So. So that's just an example.
So for obvious this is another demonstration of transparency.
So this demonstration, through timely accessibility of information. So it's
another founding principles of transparency of the Constitution, OK.
So I've spoken to this principle.
Of of transparency from the financial perspective.
Then there's also the need to have good remote image assist
management and career development practices.
So.
Principle when you're looking at.
For the question the people are recruited.
They're not recruited in any firm. You know, there's a lot of nepotism.
This might not be the best way to to achieve this this principle.
So it's it's not.
It's obligatory to have good management practices embedded,
maximizing human potential models of their talent identification in the
management traditionally developed from private sector must be
identified.
Until I made to suit the public sector, OK.
The question is, did the framework for defence equipment and on the job
training?
Essential Staff recommended training.
Retention schemes must not codify, must must not caveat. A sustainable
culture must cultivate a sustainable culture of career development,
quality of staff in public administration should be one which focus on
institutional ability.
So this is very clear on the last exam with the board chair will put it head
daughter to be to be part of the organization.
Always. It's not. There's no equity.
Probably the merit doesn't fit.
And Ripple also and and post code we said one of the principles relate to
ensuring that we bring the best people on board and train them and retain
them.
So by by maybe by the doing that then this not the best way of of of
achieving this. This particular particular principle.
Then there's also need to have brought the presentation of the diverse
communities of Zimbabwe.
If possible with a number of communities.
So there's need for for some element of broad dev. Especially might be
given a scenario where.
You might be given a scenario where you know you there's no proper
representation for your particular area.
Or personal area of of of the country. Maybe it's biased towards them this
way.
So a member of of the board is coming from a city member or the minister
is coming from, so they they they could.
This could now be a validation of this of this principle.
And this this.
So remember this.
Is this also speaks to that other aspect that we said of equity where we
said individuals are supposed to similar service from public sector
organization?
So this was also throughout the providers, but also in terms of our
Members are recruited board or obedient.
It managerial level or even junior staff.
It's it's equally important.
OK.
So this is one of the principles that I had mentioned, but this is someone
to recap a bit of what we've discussed, the integral of you remember we
had the integral of you that considered all all the activities of the said
ministry and managerial a few managerial a.
Few that considered all only the terms relating to management of.
Of of entities.
So according to this view, public admission is a sum total of.
Activities undertaking pest of in the fulfillment of public policy. These
activities include not only managerial and detectable but also manual and
clinical.
So it consists of all those activities, all those operations having for their
people, the fulfillment of public policy, public policy.
This definition covers the man St. of particular operations in many fields.
In many fields, the data file of affiliate compensation or the award of
compensation relief would mean the move of literature in the path.
So I said all activities in the organization, they are considered under the
integral view to public administration.
So something to just take note is the answer the question in, OK.
The watch is the subject matter, the technology of the field, which in the
airports that position to perform this task.
So we said the how is the postcope?
The what is the how how the task is performed?
So we said the words include the nest providing the service, the daughter
providing the service, and how maybe it.
It it's directorate managerial, so we say that this integral you can call.
Conveys for those.
Different aspects in the definition of public administration.
Anything for the manager of you, the manager of according to this view,
the work of only those persons who are engaged in the performance of
managerial functions in an organization constitute administration.
I want this view the work of those persons who are engaged in the
performance of managerial functions in an organization.
Consult administration so so just just in case of spoken to that it is those
people. I mean we'll show that picture of keeping the enterprise into rural
it mostly fishing.
Their job is to plan, program and organize all the activities and in
organizing so as to achieve the desired standard.
It is these people who show that this will be of keeping the enterprise and
to run it in the most efficient manner.
Their job is to plan, program and organize all the activities in the
organization.
So is to achieve the desired.
These people will show that it's from the picture of giving the enterprise
into managing the most efficient manner.
Their job is to plan, program and organize all the activities in an
organization so as to achieve the desired objective.
OK, administration is to do getting things done with the accomplishment
of defend objective.
The term administration is also used in another sense to effect those
patterns of behaviours that are common to many kinds of corporate
groups or specific technological methods to reach these objective.
So we have both the managerial view and we have got the integral of
view.
So let me show that we are very comfortable with the different views just
to understand that the post code post code which is very topical.
Sticks more to the managerial.
Jealousy.
So techniques of you post com which is planning, organizing, stuffing,
directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting.
So it also just it is such public information examines if the aspect of of
government's efforts to shut the doors and give effect to public police.
Remember, we've spoken to that.
Same with with the law, with with the policy. But we need to implement
that law in police it cannot implement.
Can you cannot be limited once.
What the next step is next come up with structures to ensure that those
those architect implemented and that can only be done through.
Either the integral view or the managerial view combination of of the inner
working.
S.
So yeah, so that's just a bit.
So probably got mixed in. Is infect the executive in action.
Does not judicial listen to the administration, whether they do share.
In public administration, so just as it is claimed that we, our executive
issuing the law and implement it.
Say are coming from Ipec.
You've got IPIC 8 implementing it, that's probably public administration.
OK.
We've spoken to this at length, but they think that they have been
repeated so, so shows that they are very important.
So subject matter view is more or less similar to integral view of the
nature of public administration.
So according this view, public administration started the sum of sum total
of the interactivities of the of the government, the executive, the
legislator and the judicial. That scope of public administration is wide.
So subject matter, if you consider that if also considers everyone.
Expense that are not may be are involved in the port scope.
But that are very important in running the different organizations.
No.
So.
So tin.
So yeah, I think that we now go to the other aspect.
So public administration is a discipline consists of the following five
branches.
Organizational theory and behaviour, public personal administration,
public financial administration and comparative individual administration
in public policy analysis.
So it it ended when you're coming up with.
Coming up, the public in administration, police tried to cover these areas
with public personal information, which can be aligned to HR recruiting
the right people, Public Finance Administration.
It's that close at room organizational theorem, behavior in public policy
analysis.
So when try to look at this in our next slides.
So scope of public administration varies.
The proposed expiration in what they should get from government, so
people's expectations, their communicated through social groups through
their parameters, and then they are placed under agenda setting in their.
Visit in the public near public policy. In a normal democracy public public
administration then makes sure that that this policy is properly managed
so that the intended benefits are realized by the populace.
So just just an just an example of of uh, of of, of public administration.
And at the end of the day, if this works well, they need the demands of
the populace are then reflected in in public policy.
OK.
So public admin is a very important role, not only as an instrument of
government.
But also as a measure of promoting the welfare of the community in an
era of warfare says so.
I think this just fixed what I've spoken before that the needs of the
populace to be reflected in the administration. Both they would have
obviously been reflected in in public policy.
So public policy can set in another three years.
Importance to the people importance to democracy.
But they suggest that the other issues.
Let me see if I've got any other things that are important.
That we need might need to be aware of.
So this is just important of public policy in terms of.
Administration.
Then also the importance of public administration is a subject.
So this is important, but I believe we've covered the.
The most important aspects that we wanted to cover.
The fact that the public admission is now more important why both the
publics have now known they are no more aware of their rights.
And in the the expectations. So the key thing is to make sure that those
that those expectations are given to the populace and they can only be
given.
Through.
Proper public administration structures.
So it's just suggest.
Why public administration is?
Are more important than what it was before.
Let me just see if if some of these things you can generate on your own,
but I've tried to highlight.
The key things in terms of public administration.
Obviously there are a lot of slides.
Danny, let me go to this one. Just wasn't quite important. We switch
distinguishes between.
Private sector admin.
Istrators political direction where you are saying public administrative.
By by the politicians.
So if there's a party, say the government that we have with that that
came out of Union 23rd, so the vision 2020 is 2030 is there and there are
policies that.
Speaks to Vision 20 page, so the role of public administration. Make sure
that that that vision, 20 feet or whatever.
What is that they've been enunciated?
Are delivered so.
So that's difference.
But unlike admin structures in the prefix sector, which are mainly driven
by the need to make to make profit, so this just.
So open.
Public admin also conducted.
With the need to provide a service based on the.
Public policy, but private admin is for profit making.
So that's just another another difference. We were seeing the privacy that
you one can never make a police or administration without a profit
behind.
So then there's also the approach towards savings and costs.
The.
If the in terms of public administration, one can actually provide a safety
data loss and maybe the costs are recovered, what are the services that
are provided?
It only cost recovery basis is something that cost 10 to last maybe 10 to
resolve less and then the balance erased through technology. But in the
private sector.
You want the amount that are charged and the cost of the services.
They are technically priced.
Higher than than than than.
What is then?
What is charged then then?
The causal provenance so that the balance means is a profit, OK.
Binda.
The nature of functions so public admin is more comprehensive.
Post covers a lot of a lot of things.
But even the social.
So it's it's it's it's, it's a bit more comprehensive, but private admissions.
Is less comprehensive.
It's more concerned with the proof of making aspects.
They need you think that public admin covers a lot of things and a lot of
loss and regulation post. There's no, there's no owner.
They need to be low, low self esteem.
Make sure that there's no loss to public assets.
They it comes with red tape typically missing.
We're going to look at the progress maybe later classes.
And like private sector, which is, which speaks more to efficient and and is
more relaxed.
Then then the purple.
Then the public sent K.
Then the public administration terms of responsibility it is.
It is what the responsibility to the public voice provider does not have a
responsibility to the public, but maybe to the shareholders or the their
own unique stakeholders, the private insured or the owners of that
business.
So they showed us for a public admin.
Istration.
In public administration private administration.
K.
Then, because it's not profit making public relations not very important in
in, in public administration, public relations, not very important in public
administ.
Ration then there is also uniform treatment.
Remember, we spoke to the principals on the constitution around epit.
There's a burden to for consistent in procedure and make sure that
everyone received the same service, but in the private sector you might
have other individuals.
As if in.
Remember, I went to my bank today and was saying office. They will
classify their customers some other corporate banking, some other they
know those ones will stay in stand in AQ.
So this is just an example of a privacy organization coming up with a a
different approach to treating its customers, which is not the case.
There's no support for the case.
In in public admin.
Istration.
In in public admin there also element where they are. There's no
commitment and there's no monopoly.
I think that's why maybe the that's why it's maybe some areas they they
have no motivation to to be efficient because they, they they are
monopoly.
I like and I agree with that.
Where?
I want private admissions where you need to compete with other.
So for you to do that, you need to be as efficient as as as possible.
Then.
Metric plus Ness.
I think it's 1:30.
It's a symbol you can.
One, you can also read pattern graph to answer questions.
Then public admin.
Istrative prestige, then private administration.
So yeah, sort of providing a service to the general public populace, OK.
Then a failure to provide public administration consequences.
Then, then, then, then.
Then your consequences, then, then, then, then private administration.
So they're just.
The differences?
But in public admin.
What sort of questions can come? This one might come as a theoretical.
What is the difference?
Maybe 5 differences between public admin and in private.
In private hands, so this might come in is a question with.
This might come as a question when with with. With that is purely purely
theoretical, OK?
Yeah. So, Gehl, this is what I had.
I had for today's class.
It's admitted to it was a mouthful.
We're supposed to cover the last time, but we felt that we needed to to
try to do justice to.
Try to do justice to the exams that so that at least we clarify any any any
matters that you might have had around around the exam.
So that's what I hate guys.
I might not be able to in this in this time.
Might not be able to take questions, but what I will what we will do in our
next class, we will then start off with these questions.
One elements covered by public admin.
Discuss.
Of course scope then distinguishes in public administration.
Private administration, maybe.
Let me just check the time if we've got time to.
I believe.
Yeah, I believe we've got time to do a couple of questions.
Maybe in the next?
5 minutes or so.
I will just read the question and maybe and then look and then try to
answer.
I can see it in time.
You're. I can see Jackson, I can see.
Laugh more muscle and I can see trust.
So guys, let's read for the next 5 minutes.
Maybe 10 minutes.
Entitled attentive the question so we can take it 20 to 7.
I can then pick one or two guys or few ones that I've mentioned.
To answer those questions, they're on your screen.
Authentic covered by public administration.
Describe the many elements of the integral of U and the managerial of U.
Then describe the many elements the main elements of the postcope.
So let's say let's read and attend attempt attempt the questions, and then
pick just one piece.
Each one person to do a particular question.
So come back at 20 to 7.
To attempt the patients.
So let's just attempt this question and then I'll come.
OK.
Yeah, we're not big.
So maybe a couple of questions.
First one outlined main elements covered by public administration through
discuss many elements of integral of you and the managerial view.
Discuss the main elements of the postcope. Then for distinguish between
public admin and private admin. Maybe I will start off with.
Mr.
Do you want to try attune the question?
Trust verinda.
And.
It's a transfer window. If you're in class.
Do you want to try the first question?
And then probably, Mr. laugh. Mom, Azure, you can try the second one if
you can.
Yes. Are you in class?
Is that transferring? Are you in class?
I can probably use it.

Speaker 7 1:58:02
I love Moise.
In class I will attend to the second one.

Speaker 3 1:58:06
Yeah, perfect. You can try.
Yes, you can try the second one.
The second place question, the second question.

Speaker 7 1:58:20
Thank you so much. Just in case I break.
I've been on the road soap a couple times for the lecture.
So it's.
Am I clear?

Speaker 3 1:58:41
Yes, very clear.
Speaker 7 1:58:43
Thank you.
So it's on the main elements of.
Is it integral view?
And managerial view.
I will attempt to start with the integral of view.
Which?
Includes a everything or a. Should we say the sum total?
Oh, of all the activities.
That is a performed in fulfillment of.
A public policy.
And.
If this include every every activity, for example, you've got those activities
performed by managerial.
And those performed by your, your technical and those are performed by.
The the clerical.
So in somehow it's it's it's a core encompassing.
It includes the activities performed by everyone in the organization.
And so it consists of of everything.
While the the managerial if I go to say this only some sort of.
Farm it. It covers the activities that are performed by those in influential
positions and those in leadership. Or should we say by the by the term
itself, those in in management.
So those involved in in keeping the the organization afloat. So somehow
the those in clerical and some other.
Lower operations they are not considered.
Important and that's why the the difference between the two like I I
indicated is that the integral view includes all activities, the wireless, the
management.
View.
The only includes those activities by those in leadership position. If that's
my understanding of the tool set.
Thank you.

Speaker 3 2:01:17
I think.
Thank you very much.
You put a note here, said beta.
I think also when I give any question like I we mentioned, let's make sure
that we have our table in Decorah one side manager one side and we
properly explain our points without necessarily explaining in a paragraph
paragraph me so.
Time will not go to to to all the questions. So I think I thank you very much
guys.
That's what I did.
We will do more questions when we meet.
But the slaves have been shed that we we read the text and and also.
Review this the slides and and also it's all modules. We'll try to come up
with a number of questions to assist.
But I think for now, in the interest of time, we will adjourn for today.
So I now declare the listen.
Thank you very much.

Speaker 7 2:02:20
Thank you so much, Sir.
Enjoy the rest day.
Not sure if you are in the warecast or in the management.

Speaker 3 2:02:28
That way I mix the pigeon.
Thank you very much.

Speaker 7 2:02:32
Thank you.
Thank you.
Enjoy your your night and tomorrow.

Speaker 8 2:02:40
Thank you.

Speaker 9 2:02:43
Thank you.
Thank you everyone.
Every Wednesday.

Speaker 10 2:02:51
Muslim triune.

Speaker 9 2:02:56
A.
Santa sana.

Speaker 10 2:03:04
As long as culture.

Speaker 11 2:03:05
How are you?
So.

Speaker 12 2:03:23
Recording in progress.
Speaker 11 2:03:25
Press.

Speaker 12 2:03:33
Chauni to Malik Chaudhary, Pranita center.
Happy end of Rabbi.

Speaker 7 2:03:38
Where is the master.
Yeah.

Speaker 12 2:03:48
I ask my ask my books.

Speaker 7 2:03:55
Oh, God. Did you kiss her?

Speaker 10 2:03:56
Oh boy.

Speaker 7 2:03:57
OK.

Speaker 12 2:04:00
Right, it's that big.

Speaker 7 2:04:02
How are you?

Speaker 12 2:04:04
That's it.
So so I I'm doing great.
Yeah, I'm doing great.
I'm doing great.
My name's Joseph I.

Speaker 7 2:04:09
Yeah, that's good.

Speaker 12 2:04:12
Public administration.
So tomorrow 20/21.

Speaker 10 2:04:17
Ranga rakhana.
Patient 28 in bed and.

Speaker 7 2:04:39
So I think I kinda.

Speaker 10 2:04:41
Running running.

Speaker 7 2:04:43
It.
Public entities.
Corporate governance, etc.
And the chapter 1033.
I think.

Speaker 10 2:05:02
I'm gonna hang out. You.

Speaker 7 2:05:04
You turned 31.

Speaker 10 2:05:06
Printed one.

Speaker 7 2:05:13
So.
1033 would.

Speaker 10 2:05:22
I just want to run all.
Kind of tests. I'm gonna now kind of put it another virtual one.
OTR 10311033.

Speaker 7 2:05:34
That's fine.

Speaker 10 2:05:37
From my changes Zaki to akasa.

Speaker 7 2:05:46
Yeah, Sudoku Nagpur puda.

Speaker 10 2:06:01
No.
Speaker 7 2:06:06
I submitted my my financial.
Last.

Speaker 9 2:06:16
Friends and neighbors.
So I think it's a, it's a very important decision.
To make sure that speech and every student.
I generally don't say the word is the term is too much in Bible, much to
say, but just to understate what it's all.
About.
In this machine where the technician.
Will.
In the original site, one should essentially actually requirements. In the
first step.
Like what Massimo was saying is to is to get a training office.
This is already been covered in previous discussions with the Public
Service Commission whereby.
We are grateful that regardless of, you know.
Of the trading office, you know, you know few.
I know there's ±5, so.
Definitely allocate each and every student to create training office in
super advised by equal committee and justices.
Obviously are going to be using the already qualified members within the
Services Commission, and I'm sure I've seen some of the letters which
have been communicated to the.
Assist us so that so that this requirement is more fueled and you notice
some disparate move.
Ments. So I think those were few words for all of us.
To you, I don't want to start with this strange no.
Thank you.
For the few words students.
I think I will still waiting for Mr. Joy. So at this point in time, allow me to
introduce our face speaker to you.
We have who is going to cover a summary of the art sector?
Project.
This is over to you.
Good morning.
Good morning, everyone.
Thank you very much.
Yes, I can hear you.
OK.
Fine. Thank you.
Thank you very much for inviting me, inviting me to the station. I just took
over an overview of the anchor by starting from the same way I so just to
I'm sure maybe it's already been mentioned that I can change program
here for two professional education killer which.
Is the student that we.
Passed but it also the tracks of training.
You know, we keep the focus of this webinar.
So this one has that it's gonna ship my slides and cover the key principle.
Good evening, General Sam.
Any problems?
No, not not, not yet.
General say I did follow up with the zdfhq.
No, not akata.
Because.
From zdfhq.
Oh yes, I followed up with them.
I got note to to to miracle, but I have to end of days I'm speaking.
Speaking I'm still in office, just finishing on a few things at that signal is
not arrived.
Next, next to next demand.
All right, OK. Yes. Generosity.
So open minded will be done.
Yes.
You can go upload, but we'll quickly process it.
In your mind, I'm gonna do.
But I've briefed my deputy.
He's aware you. You, you. You follow up on the target.
And ensure that they they they are affected.
I also briefed the chief of staff.
Thank you, General Rosen. Thank you.
Thank you.
You're welcome, Sir.
OK.
Thank you.

Speaker 14 stopped transcription