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 Nanomedicine

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials: Number 49

Nanomedicine
Technologies and applications

Edited by
Thomas J. Webster

Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited,
80 High Street, Sawston, Cambridge CB22 3HJ, UK
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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contents

Contributor contact details xiii

Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials xix

Part I Materials, properties and considerations

1 Introduction to nanomedicine 3
C.YAO, Nanovis LLC, USA and J. LU,
Purdue University, USA
1.1 Introduction: basic concepts of nanomedicine 3
1.2 Public perception of nanomedicine 4
1.3 Scientific principles and applications of nanomedicine 5
1.4 Future trends in nanomedicine 10
1.5 References 16

2 Trends in nanomedicine 20
F. ALLHOFF, Western Michigan University, USA
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 The rise of nanomedicine 21
2.3 Diagnostics and medical records 24
2.4 Treatment 27
2.5 Future trends 31
2.6 References 34

3 Biomedical nanocrystalline metals and alloys:

structure, properties and applications 36
D. FACCHINI, Integran Technologies Inc., Canada
3.1 Introduction 36
3.2 Synthesis and structure of nanocrystalline
metals and alloys 36

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

vi Contents

3.3 Properties of nanocrystalline metals and alloys 39

3.4 Biocompatibility of nanocrystalline metals and alloys 52
3.5 Applications of nanocrystalline metals and alloys 55
3.6 Future trends 59
3.7 Sources of further information and advice 61
3.8 References 61

4 Nanoporous gold for biomedical applications:

structure, properties and applications 68
T. M. MARTIN, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
and North Carolina State University, USA, D. B. ROBINSON,
Sandia National Laboratories, USA and R. J. NARAYAN,
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North
Carolina State University, USA
4.1 Introduction 68
4.2 Medical applications 72
4.3 Biosensor applications 75
4.4 Alloy formation 76
4.5 Dealloying of gold–silver alloy 77
4.6 Mechanical properties of nanoporous gold 79
4.7 Electronic properties of nanoporous gold 80
4.8 Conclusions 81
4.9 References 81

5 Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings for biomaterials 84

P. CHOUDHURY and D.C. AGRAWAL, CSJM University, India
5.1 Introduction 84
5.2 Hydroxyapatite(HA) coatings 85
5.3 HA coatings by plasma spraying 88
5.4 Properties of plasma-sprayed coatings 92
5.5 Biomimetic HA coatings 98
5.6 HA coatings by sol-gel deposition 102
5.7 Miscellaneous deposition techniques for HA coatings 113
5.8 Conclusions 120
5.9 Future trends 121
5.10 Acknowledgement 122
5.11 References 122

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contents vii

Part II Nanomedicine for therapeutics and imaging

6 Calcium phosphate-coated magnetic nanoparticles

for treating bone diseases 131
R. A. PARETA, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative
Medicine, USA and S. SIRIVISOOT, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
6.1 Introduction 131
6.2 Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle synthesis 134
6.3 Surface modification of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles 136
6.4 Characterization of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles 137
6.5 Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles 143
6.6 Conclusions 145
6.7 Future trends 146
6.8 References 146

7 Orthopedic carbon nanotube biosensors for

controlled drug delivery 149
S. SIRIVISOOT, King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thonburi, Thailand and R. A. PARETA, Wake Forest Institute
for Regenerative Medicine, USA
7.1 Introduction 149
7.2 Carbon nanotubes for electrochemical biosensing 152
7.3 Carbon nanotube-based in situ orthopedic implant sensors 154
7.4 Electrically controlled drug-delivery systems for infection
and inflammation 161
7.5 Critical issues in developing in situ orthopedic implantable
sensors and devices 167
7.6 Conclusions 172
7.7 References 172

8 Nanostructured selenium anti-cancer coatings for

orthopedic applications 180
P. A. TRAN, Brown University, USA and T. J. WEBSTER,
Northeastern University, USA
8.1 Introduction 180
8.2 Selenium as an anti-cancer implant material 182
8.3 Nano-structured selenium coatings: a novel
approach of using selenium to create anti-cancer
biomaterials 183

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

viii Contents

8.4 In vitro biological assays for uncoated and

selenium-coated metallic substrates 187
8.5 The effectiveness of titanium and stainless steel substrates 191
8.6 Coarse-grained Monte Carlo computer simulation of
fibronectin adsorption on nanometer rough surfaces 213
8.7 Conclusions 227
8.8 References 228

9 Nanoparticulate targeted drug delivery using

peptides and proteins 236
H. A. SANTOS and L. M. BIMBO, University of Helsinki,
Finland, J. DAS NEVES, University of Porto, Portugal and
B SARMENTO, University of Porto, Portugal, INEB, Porto,
Portugal and Instituto Superior de Ciências da
Saúde – Norte, Portugal
9.1 Introduction 237
9.2 Peptides and proteins for targeted drug delivery 238
9.3 Drug–peptide conjugates 247
9.4 Peptide-functionalized drug delivery systems 250
9.5 Peptide-targeted drug delivery across the intestine 257
9.6 Peptide-targeted drug delivery across the blood–brain
barrier (BBB) 258
9.7 Peptide-targeted drug delivery for cancer applications 266
9.8 Peptide-targeted drug delivery for the liver 276
9.9 Conclusions and future trends 278
9.10 References 279

10 Nanotechnology for DNA and RNA delivery 302

H. YU, Boston College, USA and Y. CHEN,
Brown University, USA
10.1 Introduction to DNA and RNA delivery 302
10.2 Advanced DNA/RNA delivery approaches
in nanotechnology 304
10.3 Nanomaterial applications for DNA/RNA delivery 310
10.4 Novel vaccines 314
10.5 Molecular probes and images 315
10.6 Conclusions and future trends 316
10.7 References 317

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contents ix

11 Gold nanoshells for imaging and photothermal

ablation of cancer 326
A. J. COUGHLIN and J. L. WEST, Rice University, USA
11.1 Introduction 326
11.2 The impact of cancer 327
11.3 Cancer biology 327
11.4 Nanotechnology and cancer treatment 330
11.5 Nanoshells 334
11.6 Conclusions and future trends 348
11.7 Sources of further information and advice 350
11.8 Acknowledgments 350
11.9 References 351

12 Microfluidics for testing and delivering nanomedicine 356

H. VAN HEEREN, enablingMNT, The Netherlands
12.1 Introduction 356
12.2 Microfluidics 358
12.3 Testing of nanomedicine with microfluidic instruments 366
12.4 Delivery of nanomedicine using microfluidic technology 369
12.5 Nanoparticles 374
12.6 Conclusions and future trends 374
12.7 References 376

13 Zinc oxide nanowires for biomedical sensing

and analysis 377
M. WILLANDER and O. NUR, Linköping University, Sweden
13.1 Introduction 377
13.2 Electrode growth and preparation 380
13.3 Sensors and functionalization 384
13.4 Measurement and results 384
13.5 Conclusions 396
13.6 References 397

Part III Nanomedicine for soft tissue engineering

14 Nanotechnology and tissue-engineered

organ regeneration 403
A. O. OSENI and A. M. SEIFALIAN, University College
London, UK

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

x Contents

14.1 Introduction 403

14.2 Nanotechnology and tissue engineering 407
14.3 Nanotechnology and organ regeneration 413
14.4 Future trends and challenges 420
14.5 References 421

15 Rapid fabrication of biomimetic nanofiber-enabled

skin grafts 428
X. FU and H. WANG, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
15.1 Introduction 428
15.2 Autologous skin tissue engineering for wound healing 431
15.3 The effects of microenvironment on the formation of skin
substitute 434
15.4 Production of biomimetic nanofibers using electrostatic
spinning 435
15.5 Layer-by-layer assembly of cells into 3-D constructs using
electrospun nanofibers 441
15.6 Rapid formation of skin grafts using the nanofiber-enabled
cell-layering approach 445
15.7 Future trends and challenges 447
15.8 Conclusion 449
15.9 Acknowledgement 450
15.10 References 450

16 Nanotubes for tissue engineering 460

P. E. MIKAEL, University of Connecticut, USA,
J. A. WALLACE, University of Connecticut Health
Center, USA and S. P. NUKAVARAPU, University of
Connecticut, USA
16.1 Introduction 460
16.2 Nanotubes for tissue engineering 461
16.3 Nanotube applications in tissue engineering 470
16.4 Nanotubes and their effects 477
16.5 Conclusions 483
16.6 References 483

17 Self-assembled nanomaterials for

tissue-engineering applications 490
A. ALSBAIEE, R. L. BEINGESSNER and H. FENNIRI,
University of Alberta, Canada

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contents xi

17.1 Introduction 490

17.2 Peptide-based self-assembled nanomaterials 491
17.3 Applications of peptide-based materials in
tissue engineering 507
17.4 Nucleic acid-based nanomaterials 517
17.5 Applications of rosette nanotubes (RNTs) in bone
and cartilage tissue engineering 520
17.6 References 523

Part IV Nanomedicine for bone and cartilage tissue engineering

18 Electrically active biocomposites as smart

scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 537
A. K. DUBEY, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India, K. BALANI, IIT Kanpur, India,
and B. BASU, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
18.1 Introduction 537
18.2 Composition and electrical properties of natural bone 539
18.3 Effect of an external E-field on cells 545
18.4 Development of hydroxyapatite (HA)-based bone
replacement materials 550
18.5 Conclusions 560
18.6 Acknowledgement 561
18.7 References 561

19 Nanotechnology for cartilage and bone regeneration 571

L. G. ZHANG, J. LI and J. D. LEE, The George Washington
University, USA
19.1 Introduction 571
19.2 Cartilage repair and regeneration 572
19.3 Bone repair and regeneration 581
19.4 Future trends and conclusions 589
19.5 References 590

20 Nanostructured materials for bone

tissue replacement 599
M. MUSIB and S. SAHA, SUNY Downstate
Medical Center, USA
20.1 Introduction 599

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

xii Contents

20.2 The need for nano-engineered bone 600

20.3 Surface properties of orthopedic materials 601
20.4 Nano coating on conventional surfaces 603
20.5 Nanomaterials for orthopedic tissue engineering 604
20.6 Future trends and ethical concerns 613
20.7 Conclusions 614
20.8 References 615

21 Nanocomposites for cartilage regeneration 624

J. LOCK and H. LIU, University of
California, Riverside, USA
21.1 Introduction 624
21.2 Design criteria and considerations for
cartilage biomaterials 630
21.3 Biomaterials for cartilage regeneration 639
21.4 Scaffold fabrication 649
21.5 Conclusions and future trends 654
21.6 References 655

Index 663

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contributor contact details

(* = main contact) Chapter 2

Editor Fritz Allhoff
Associate Professor
Thomas J. Webster Department of Philosophy
Department of Chemical Western Michigan University
Engineering USA
Northeastern University
Boston E-mail: [email protected]
MA 02115
USA
Chapter 3
D. Facchini
E-mail: [email protected]
Integran Technologies, Inc.
6300 Northam Drive
Chapter 1
Mississauga
Chang Yao* Ontario L4V 1H7
Nanovis LLC Canada
1205 W State Street
E-mail: [email protected]
West Lafayette
Indiana 47906
Chapter 4
USA
Timothy M. Martin
E-mail: [email protected]
Joint Department of Biomedical
Jing Lu Engineering
Department of Agriculture and University of North Carolina
Biological Engineering Chapel Hill and North Carolina
Purdue University State University
West Lafayette Raleigh
Indiana 47907 NC 27695-7115
USA USA
E-mail: [email protected]

xiii

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

xiv Contributor contact details

David B. Robinson Sirinrath Sirivisoot

Sandia National Laboratories Biological Engineering
Livermore, CA Faculty of Engineering
USA King Mongkut’s University of
Technology Thonburi
Roger J. Narayan*
126 Pracha-utid Road
Joint Department of Biomedical
Bangmod
Engineering
Toongkru
University of North Carolina
Bangkok 10140
Chapel Hill and North Carolina
Thailand
State University
Box 7115 E-mail: [email protected];
Raleigh [email protected]
NC 27695-7115
USA Chapter 7
E-mail: [email protected] Sirinrath Sirivisoot*
Biological Engineering
Chapter 5 Faculty of Engineering
King Mongkut’s University of
Pritha Choudhury* and D. C.
Technology Thonburi
Agrawal
126 Pracha-utid Road
Cookson India Research Centre
Bangmod
No. 89/1, Vaishnavi Bhavan
Toongkru
Industrial Suburb, IInd Stage
Bangkok 10140
Yeshwanthpur
Thailand
Bangalore – 560022
Karnataka E-mail: [email protected];
India [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]; Rajesh A. Pareta
[email protected] Wake Forest Institute for
Regenerative Medicine
Chapter 6 391 Technology Way
Winston-Salem
Rajesh A. Pareta*
Wake Forest Institute for NC 27101
Regenerative Medicine USA
391 Technology Way E-mail: [email protected]
Winston-Salem
NC 27101
USA
E-mail: [email protected]

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contributor contact details xv

Chapter 8 Bruno Sarmento*

Department of Pharmaceutical
Phong A. Tran
Technology (LTF/CICF)
Department of Physics and School
Faculty of Pharmacy
of Engineering
University of Porto
Brown University
Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228
Providence
4050-313 Porto
RI 02912
Portugal
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Thomas J. Webster*
Department of Chemical and
Engineering INEB - Instituto de Engenharia
Northeastern University Biomédica
Boston University of Porto
MA 02115 Rua do Campo Alegre, 823
USA 4150-180 Porto
E-mail: [email protected] Portugal
and
Chapter 9
Health Sciences Research Center
Hélder A. Santos and Luis M. Instituto Superior de Ciências da
Bimbo Saúde – Norte
Division of Pharmaceutical Rua Central de Gandra, 1317
Technology 4585-116 Gandra
Faculty of Pharmacy Portugal
University of Helsinki
P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E) Chapter 10
FI-00014
Hongchuan Yu
Finland
Department of Chemistry
José das Neves Boston College
Department of Pharmaceutical 2609 Beacon Street
Technology (LTF/CICF) Chestnut Hill
Faculty of Pharmacy MA 02467
University of Porto USA
Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228
4050-313 Porto
Portugal

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

xvi Contributor contact details

Yupeng Chen* Chapter 13

School of Engineering and
Magnus Willander* and Omer Nur
Department of Orthopaedics
Department of Science and
Brown University
Technology
1 Hoppin Street, Coro West 402a
Campus Norrköping, Linköping
Providence
University
RI 02903
SE-601 74 Norrköping
USA
Sweden
E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
Chapter 11
Chapter 14
Andrew J. Coughlin
Adelola O. Oseni and Alexander M.
Department of Bioengineering
Seifalian*
Rice University
Centre for Nanotechnology and
6100 Main Street, MS-142
Regenerative Medicine
Houston
Division of Surgery and
TX 77005
Interventional Science
USA
University College London
Jennifer L. West* Medical School
Duke University Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust
Department of Biomedical Campus
Engineering UK
136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281
E-mail: [email protected]
Durham
NC 27708-0281
Chapter 15
USA
Hongjun Wang* and Xiaoling Fu
E-mail: [email protected]
Chemistry, Chemical Biology and
Biomedical Engineering
Chapter 12
Stevens Institute of Technology
Henne van Heeren Hoboken
enablingMNT-the Netherlands New Jersey 07030
Drakensteynlaan 34 USA
3319 RG Dordrecht
E-mail: [email protected]
The Netherlands
E-mail: [email protected]

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Contributor contact details xvii

Chapter 16 Chapter 17
Paiyz E. Mikael A. Alsbaiee, R. L. Beingessner and
Institute for Regenerative H. Fenniri*
Engineering National Institute for
Chemical, Material and Nanotechnology
Biomolecular Engineering Departments of Chemistry and
University of Connecticut Biomedical Engineering
Storrs, CT University of Alberta
USA Edmonton
Alberta
James A. Wallace
T6G 2M9
School of Medicine
Canada
University of Connecticut Health
Center E-mail: [email protected]
Farmington, CT
USA Chapter 18
Syam P. Nukavarapu* Ashutosh Kumar Dubey
Institute for Regenerative Materials Research Center
Engineering Indian Institute of Science
Department of Orthopaedic Bangalore-560012
Surgery India
Chemical, Materials &
Kantesh Balani
Biomolecular Engineering
Department of Materials Science
University of Connecticut
and Engineering
Farmington
IIT Kanpur
CT 06030
Kanpur-208016
USA
India
E-mail: [email protected]
Bikramjit Basu*
Materials Research Center
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore-560012
India
E-mail: [email protected]

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

xviii Contributor contact details

Chapter 19 Chapter 21
Lijie Grace Zhang*, Jiaoyan Li and Jaclyn Lock and Huinan Liu*
James D. Lee Department of Bioengineering
Department of Mechanical Materials Science and Engineering
and Aerospace Engineering Program
and Institute for Biomedical University of California at
Engineering Riverside
The George Washington University 900 University Avenue
726 Phillips Hall Riverside
801 22nd Street NW CA 92521
Washington USA
DC 20052
E-mail: [email protected]
USA
E-mail: [email protected]

Chapter 20
Mrinal Musib and Subrata Saha*
Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery and Rehabilitation
Medicine
SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn
NY 11203
USA
E-mail: subrata.saha@downstate.
edu

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

 Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

1 Sterilisation of tissues using ionising radiations

Edited by J. F. Kennedy, G. O. Phillips and P. A. Williams
2 Surfaces and interfaces for biomaterials
Edited by P. Vadgama
3 Molecular interfacial phenomena of polymers and biopolymers
Edited by C. Chen
4 Biomaterials, artificial organs and tissue engineering
Edited by L. Hench and J. Jones
5 Medical modelling
R. Bibb
6 Artificial cells, cell engineering and therapy
Edited by S. Prakash
7 Biomedical polymers
Edited by M. Jenkins
8 Tissue engineering using ceramics and polymers
Edited by A. R. Boccaccini and J. Gough
9 Bioceramics and their clinical applications
Edited by T. Kokubo
10 Dental biomaterials
Edited by R. V. Curtis and T. F. Watson
11 Joint replacement technology
Edited by P. A. Revell
12 Natural-based polymers for biomedical applications
Edited by R. L. Reiss et al
13 Degradation rate of bioresorbable materials
Edited by F. J. Buchanan
14 Orthopaedic bone cements
Edited by S. Deb
15 Shape memory alloys for biomedical applications
Edited by T. Yoneyama and S. Miyazaki

xix

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

xx Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

16 Cellular response to biomaterials

Edited by L. Di Silvio
17 Biomaterials for treating skin loss
Edited by D. P. Orgill and C. Blanco
18 Biomaterials and tissue engineering in urology
Edited by J. Denstedt and A. Atala
19 Materials science for dentistry
B. W. Darvell
20 Bone repair biomaterials
Edited by J. A. Planell, S. M. Best, D. Lacroix and A. Merolli
21 Biomedical composites
Edited by L. Ambrosio
22 Drug-device combination products
Edited by A. Lewis
23 Biomaterials and regenerative medicine in ophthalmology
Edited by T. V. Chirila
24 Regenerative medicine and biomaterials for the repair of connective
tissues
Edited by C. Archer and J. Ralphs
25 Metals for biomedical devices
Edited by M. Ninomi
26 Biointegration of medical implant materials: science and design
Edited by C. P. Sharma
27 Biomaterials and devices for the circulatory system
Edited by T. Gourlay and R. Black
28 Surface modification of biomaterials: methods analysis and applications
Edited by R. Williams
29 Biomaterials for artificial organs
Edited by M. Lysaght and T. Webster
30 Injectable biomaterials: science and applications
Edited by B. Vernon
31 Biomedical hydrogels: biochemistry, manufacture and medical
applications
Edited by S. Rimmer
32 Preprosthetic and maxillofacial surgery: biomaterials, bone grafting
and tissue engineering
Edited by J. Ferri and E. Hunziker
33 Bioactive materials in medicine: design and applications
Edited by X. Zhao, J. M. Courtney and H. Qian
34 Advanced wound repair therapies
Edited by D. Farrar

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 Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials xxi

35 Electrospinning for tissue regeneration

Edited by L. Bosworth and S. Downes
36 Bioactive glasses: materials, properties and applications
Edited by H. O. Ylänen
37 Coatings for biomedical applications
Edited by M. Driver
38 Progenitor and stem cell technologies and therapies
Edited by A. Atala
39 Biomaterials for spinal surgery
Edited by L. Ambrosio and E. Tanner
40 Minimized cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and technologies
Edited by T. Gourlay and S. Gunaydin
41 Wear of orthopaedic implants and artificial joints
Edited by S. Affatato
42 Biomaterials in plastic surgery: breast implants
Edited by W. Peters, H. Brandon, K. L. Jerina, C. Wolf and V. L. Young
43 MEMS for biomedical applications
Edited by S. Bhansali and A. Vasudev
44 Durability and reliability of medical polymers
Edited by M. Jenkins and A. Stamboulis
45 Biosensors for medical applications
Edited by S. Higson
46 Sterilisation of biomaterials
Edited by S. Lerouge and A. Simmons
47 The hip resurfacing handbook: a practical guide for the use and
management of modern hip resurfacings
Edited by K. De Smet, P. Campbell and C. Van Der Straeten
48 Developments in tissue engineered and regenerative medicine
products
J. Basu and John W. Ludlow
49 Nanomedicine: technologies and applications
Edited by T. J. Webster
50 Biocompatibility and performance of medical devices
Edited by J-P. Boutrand
51 Medical robotics: minimally invasive surgery
Edited by P. Gomes
52 Implantable sensor systems for medical applications
Edited by A. Inmann and D. Hodgins
53 Non-metallic biomaterials for tooth repair and replacement
Edited by P. Vallittu

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xxii Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

54 Joining and assembly of medical materials and devices

Edited by Y. Norman Zhou and M. .D. Breyen
55 Diamond-based materials for biomedical applications
Edited by R. Narayan
56 Nanomaterials in tissue engineering: characherization, fabrication and
applications
Edited by A. K. Gaharwar, S. Sant, M. J. Hancock and S. A. Hacking
57 Biomimetic biomaterials: structure and applications
Edited by A. Ruys
58 Standardisation in cell and tissue engineering: methods and protocols
Edited by V. Salih
59 Inhaler devices: fundamentals, design and drug delivery
Edited by P. Prokopovich
60 Bio-tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants
Edited by Yu Yan
61 Microfluidics for biomedical applications
Edited by X-J. James Li and Y. Zhou
62 Decontamination in hospitals and healthcare
Edited by J. T. Walker
63 Biomedical imaging: applications and advances
Edited by P. Morris
64 Characterization of biomaterials
Edited by M. Jaffe, W. Hammond, P. Tolias and T. Arinzeh

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This book is dedicated to my wife, Karen, for her constant support,
dedication, and love.

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

Other documents randomly have
different content
 The music, which during the ritual had melted into the undertone
of forest sounds, emerged again more pointedly human and
appealing. It summoned from the bluish glooms an interest so
personal and touching that it drew the Outliers from the shy wildness
of their ways. The ring of watchers surged forward a step, the music
rose like a sigh of expectation and ushered in a group of women who,
without any order or solemnity, but with a great and serious
kindness, supported a young woman in their midst. It was she who
had been the Ward and was now to receive forgetfulness.
As soon as I saw Trastevera, upon whose arm she leaned, I
understood that these were the former Wards, come to afford her
such comfort as their experience justified. It was not until I saw her
mother hurry forward crying: “Daria! Daria!” that I began to realize
what need of comfort there must be. Evarra beside me stirred the
Cup. Its faint aromatic odor was of a cold and sickly dread, reflected
from Daria’s widened eyes on some secret surface of myself.
She was a pretty girl, warm-tinted, eyes of a wet gray, the broad
brow and sensitive short lip of women whose happiness centers in
approval. It was easy to read in her face that of all the restrictions of
her Wardship the one against loving had been hardest borne; plain to
be seen now in the way she clung to her mother, who took the face
between her hands, that of all the forfeitures that lay in the blue
flower of forgetfulness, that one of loving was most difficult to pay.
“O mother, mother,” she said, “I cannot bear it!”
She shuddered sick, looking on all she had lived among and
knowing that she might never know them again with that one of
herselves which stood hesitating between the meadow and the wood.
There was not one of all those trails, if she set foot in it to-morrow,
that she would know where it went or what she might meet in it. She
was to die in effect, to leave life and memory, to wake mutilated in
the midst of full-blooded womanhood, without childhood, girlhood,
parents, intimates.
“O mother,” she said, “I cannot bear it!”
She clung crying to her mother’s hand, while the other women
crowded comfort upon her.
“Indeed, Daria,” one assured her, “but I knew my mother. There
were four others with me when I woke, but I knew her. I did not
know what she was to me, nor any name to call her, but my heart
chose her from among the rest, and I held out my arms.”
They said many more things to this purport, while the girl turned
her face to her mother’s bosom as though she admitted all this, but it
did not touch her case.
Then her father, coming forward, distressed for her, but somewhat
more concerned for the situation, taking her by the shoulders,
recalled her to herself.
“Daughter,” he said, “have you carried the honor of the Outliers so
many years to fail us at the last? How do you make life worth
remembering with broken faith? And who will respect you if you
respect not your word?”
She cleared a little at that and recovered, so that she was able to go
through with some dignity the farewells which the elders now came
forward to bestow with fixed cheerfulness. Then came her young
companions, saying, “We have nothing ill to remember of you,
Daria,” and “Good-waking, Daria.” She broke out again, desperate
rather than despairing.
“Do not say so to me, I shall not drink it!”
“Shall not?” It was Persilope taking the Cup from Evarra, and
moving forward as he spoke. “It is a word that has never been heard
before from a Ward.”
Quick red leaped in Daria’s face, which she turned this way and
that, searching the meadow for some prop to her determination. It
seemed that she found it, though there was nothing I could read
there but commiseration and disapproval.
“Shall not,” she breathed; and then quite low, sweeping his
countenance once with her glance, and then fixing it steadily on the
ground. “She did not drink it.”
The emphasis was slight, slighter than the flicker of her eyes
toward Trastevera, but the impact of her meaning drove the chief’s
wife from her. One scarcely saw Trastevera move, but there was now
a rift between the two women, which widened with the shocked
perception in the listening circle. Persilope’s recovery was instant,
some sternness with it.
“What had been done,” he said, “was done by all the Council with
good reason. But what reason is here beyond a girl’s protesting
fancy?”
Again Daria’s mutinous eyes searched the meadow, and her
resistance rose visibly in advance of its support.
“Reason enough!” The group of young persons at the foot of the
circle turned upon itself, and released the figure of a young man
about thirty, tall and personable.
“I have reason”—his voice shook, as though the words had been
too long repressed in him and escaped bubblingly—“the best of
reasons, for I ... we love....”
He had hesitated an instant over the admission, wanting some
quick assurance which flashed between the girl and him. Instantly it
brought from the women, in whose care and keeping she had chiefly
been, quick cries of protest and denial, falling almost on the stroke of
his declaration.
“But you”—Persilope voiced the general knowledge—“you have
been these three years at River Ward, you have not seen her.”
“Not for three years,” admitted the lover, “for as soon as I knew
that I loved her I went away, that I might keep her honor and mine.”
His thought worked uneasily, but he went on. “I have always loved
her, but I had not told her so when it came my turn to serve with
Mancha, and while I was away you chose her to be the Ward. I went
back and served my time. When I returned to Deep Fern I saw her
walking with the women in the cool of the morning and knew that I
loved her. That was the year the water came down from Water Gate
and tore up the valley. In the flood I carried her——”
He smiled; the inexpressible joyousness of the woodlander broke
upward in the remembrance.
“The next day,” he said, “she sent me word to go back to River
Ward, and I knew by that that she loved me. So I went, and by the
evidence of the work I have done you know how I have loved her.”
“By the evidence of the faith I have kept,” said Daria, “you know
how I have loved him.”
All this time I could see the faces of the men, especially of the girl’s
father and of Prassade, growing sterner. Trastevera looked down,
studying the pattern of the meadow grass. Persilope bit his lip in the
midst, with the Cup in his hand, and the lover grew bolder.
 “Is love so cheap a thing to you, Persilope, that you take it from us
before we have tasted it? It is Daria I love as she is, as I have seen her
grow from a child into a woman, not a stranger, looking at me with
unremembering eyes. Let the men take up the Treasure and bury it
again, as they did for Trastevera.”
“There was a reason,” the chief began, and stopped, as if he knew
that to argue was to lose.
“Oh, a reason——” I do not know by what imperceptible degrees
and mutual consentings the lovers had got across the open space to
each other, but there they were, handfast, confronting him. “Reason
you thought you had, but what good came of all your reasons seeing
that Trastevera has lost the Far-Seeing for the sake of which she was
excused from the Cup. Let them bury the Treasure again—or give it
to the Far-Folk, for all I care, since nothing comes of it but wars and
forgettings.”
He caught the girl to him fiercely as he spoke, irritated by the
hardening of the elders’ minds against that very touch of wildness
and rebellion by which he urged the disregard of custom. Whatever
advantage he had with Persilope because of the precedent, he had
lost by the hint of its insufficiency.
“If,” said the chief, holding the bowl before him, “there had arisen
any occasion, which I do not allow: if there had arisen such an
occasion for doubting the wisdom of our former breach, it would be
greater cause for our not admitting it now. Do you propose”—
forestalling the rising thought—“to bring it to Council? Look around
you and see that we who make the Council are already agreed.” The
eyes of the young couple traveled about the group, they saw regret,
but no relenting.
“If she forgets you,” said the chief more kindly, “she forgets also
the pain of her forgetting, and you shall teach her to love again.”
“Girl,” said her father, “if you shame me there is no forgetfulness
deep enough for that.”
I suppose that the mere acknowledgment of their love had eased
the tension of dread, had waked, perhaps, that foolish human
certainty of passion to survive the loss even of its own identity.
Perhaps they had never had any real hope of avoiding the issue;
insensibly, too, as the matter had increased in gravity, the young
listeners had melted from the circle, leaving a ring of older, sterner
faces, before which they felt their resolution fail. We saw the girl turn
piteously in her lover’s arms.
“You,” she said, “at least will not forget me.”
“I will not forget.”
“See,” Persilope smiled faintly, and shaking a little of the pale
green liquid from the bowl, “I have made it light for you.”
The girl kept her eyes on the young man. “And I am yours,” she
urged; “whether or not I remember, I am yours.”
“Knowing or unknowing,” the young lover assured, “I call these to
witness that you are mine.”
Daria put out her hand and took the bowl from Persilope, but her
lover put his hand upon it over hers, holding it back until he charged
her soul again.
She lifted the Cup and shuddered as she drank; once she faltered,
but he pressed it firmly to her lips. No one moved in the listening
circle. The wind was busy with the forest boughs; we saw the
redwoods bend and the curdling of the water at the falls. We saw
Daria’s head bowing on its slender stalk, like the wild white
columbine which the wind shook behind her.
“You will remember,” still her lover warned her.
“I will remember.”
She drooped, all her body lax with sleep, but still he propped her
on his bosom. Her mother took up the girl’s flaccid hand in hers and
fondled it softly; she did not urge her claim.
“Daria, Daria,” pleaded the lover, “say you will remember.”
She could not answer now except by the turning of her head upon
his bosom; color, drained away by the drug, forsook her, the lips
were open and a little drawn. He would have gathered her up then,
but a motion from the elders stayed him.
“Remember, oh remember,” he called upon her soul, and the soul
struggled to reassure him, but it lay too deep under Forgetfulness.
With a shudder she seemed almost to cease to breathe. Evarra,
stepping softly, lifted the relaxed lids and showed the eyes rolled
upward, the pupils widened. She made a sign at which the circle
parted and made way for the youth down the green aisles through
which he bore her to his house.
 VI
IN WHICH I AM UNHAPPY AND MEET A
TALL WOMAN IN THE WOOD

W hen the vines dropped back from Ravenutzi’s hand upon the
wall of boughs through which the Ward and her Keepers
passed, it was as if the step that carried them out of sight of the
Outliers had also carried them out of knowledge. Not an eye that any
other eye could discover, nor any inquiring word strayed upon their
vanished trail. In the three days before they returned to the Meet, or
it was proper to mention them, they would have visited the King’s
Desire, and Zirriloë would be informed of everything pertinent to
that connection.
During these three days no Outlier concerned himself with their
whereabouts lest he should be thought to have some concern about
the Treasure. With the exception of Noche, I believe no Outlier had
even so much as curiosity about it. It had been so long since any man
had seen it, that until Noche’s account of what the cache contained
began to be current, I think they had not any clear idea what the
Treasure might consist in. It was something that the Far-Folk wanted
and the Outliers did not mean they should get. The struggle kept
alive in them tribal integrity and the relish for supremacy.
The practice of not speaking of the Treasure during the three days’
absence of the Ward, had taken on a rigidity of custom which
Herman and I did not feel ourselves bound to observe. We could talk
of the Treasure and of Zirriloë, and we did that same morning.
When the shadows were gathered close under the forest border,
and even to our accustomed eyes there was no sign of the Outliers,
other than the subdued sense of gladsome life spread on the pleasant
air, I found a place I knew. There the creek went close about the
roots of the pine between shallow sandy shoals, and there Herman
came to talk to me of the Love-Left Ward. As he sat there at my feet
pitching stones into the shallows, that effulgence of personality
which had streamed from him at the opening of that day, and now
suffused his manner with an unaccustomed warmth, lay quite
beyond my reach.
Some of the dread with which Daria had met the obliteration of
memory and identity, moved me to draw from Herman an assurance
that nothing could quite wipe out from him all recollection of the
fellowship and the good times we had had together. It began to
appear an alarming contingency that I should be turned out at any
moment in a strange country to find my way back to life in company
with a man I did not know and whose disposition toward me was still
to be learned. It would have become Herman to be very nice to me at
this juncture, and while I sat feeling blankly for the communicating
thread, he began to talk of the Ward.
“Some of the women should have gone with her,” he said;
“somebody interested in her. It’s all stiff chaparral from here to the
ridge. The girl will never stand it.”
“You don’t really know where they have gone,” I hinted, “and Daria
doesn’t seem to have suffered.”
“Oh, Daria! But this girl needs looking after. You can see that it
means a lot to her, losing—everything. She would have appreciated—
things. That string of red berries now—she would have done justice
to rubies.”
“The great necklace of red stones? Well, she probably knows where
they are by this time.”
“A lot better use for them than keeping them in a hole in the
ground,” Herman insisted, “especially when it costs the youth of a
girl like that to keep them there.”
“I know at least one Outlier who will agree with you.”
“Who, then?”
“Mancha.”
“Did he say that? What makes you think so?”
I have often wondered why having gone so far I did not go further
and tell Herman frankly what I thought I had discovered of Mancha’s
state of mind. I have wondered oftener, if I had spoken then, if
anything would have come of it different or less grievous than what
did come. Whatever prevented me, I answered only that he seemed
to me a man less bound by custom and superstition than his fellows,
and Herman agreed with me.
“But I can tell you,” he said, “that Zirriloë wouldn’t hear of it. You
can just see how her whole soul is bound up in the keeping of her
vows. She could be true as death to—anybody.” He went on to say
how he derived this assurance from the way the sun-touched color of
her cheek spread into the whiteness of her neck, and from the
blueness of the vein that ran along her wrist, and her springy walk.
He ran on in this fashion taking my agreement very much for
granted. What I really had thought was that in spite of her beauty
and wraptness, the girl had rather a shallow face and would be as
likely to be as much engrossed and as sure of herself in any other
circumstances. And I was so much disappointed at Herman’s
extraordinary failure of perception that I could not allow myself to
say anything about it. I felt that a personal note must unreasonably
attach to any woman’s attempt to show that a more beautiful one is
not necessarily a woman of more personal fineness. I was so irritated
with myself for being irritated that I was glad to hear Evarra calling
down by the willows, and to leave Herman pitching pebbles into the
shallows. Though it turned out that Evarra was asleep under a
madroño and nobody had called me.
During those three days while the Ward and the keepers were
away, there was a great deal going on in the fenced meadows and by
Deer Lake and at the bottom of deep wells of shade in the damp
cañons. It was a broken, flying festival, no two events of which took
place successively in the same quarter, for the Outliers wished not to
occupy ground long enough to leave upon it any mark of use by
which House-Folk might suspect their presence. The great events of
the Meet went on in so many places that nobody ever saw the whole
of them. That was why I had no more talk with Herman and saw him
but once or twice until Zirriloë came back again. I heard of him,
though, and that in a manner and matter that surprised me very
much.
The morning of the second day I went up with the girls to race in
Leaping Water. We left the Middle Basin by a trail that took the side
of the hill abruptly and brought us out at the foot of the second fall,
above the long white torrent of the Reach. They meant to come down
with the stream to the meadow again, and the game went to the one
who was least out of water in that passage. I followed the windings of
the creek as near as the undergrowth allowed and heard their
laughter, now louder and now less than the water noises, and saw
between the trees the flash of foam change to the glancing of white
limbs, and the flicker of the sun on fair bodies as they drifted through
the shallows. They took the falls feet foremost, curving to its flying
arch, white arms wreathed backwards and wet hair blowing with the
spray. The swimmers so mixed themselves with the movement of the
water and the well-sunned, spacious day, that they seemed no more
apart from it than the rush of the creek or the flicker of light on leaf
surfaces displaced by the wind. They were no more obtrusive than
that mysterious sense of presence out of which men derive gods and
the innumerable fairy host.
I had walked thus in that awakened recognition of sentience in the
wild, in which all Outland had become a dream which hunts along
the drowsy edge of sleep. I had continued in it for perhaps half an
hour, in such a state that though I had no idea where we were on the
map, I believe I could have set out suddenly in the right quarter for
home. I had not heard my name pronounced, but I began to be aware
within myself that some one had called. I was so sure of it that,
though I had no intimation yet of any presence, I began to look
about. After a little trouble I made out Trastevera on the opposite
bank, between the willows, making signs that she wished to speak to
me, and yet enjoining silence. The creek widened here and the girls
were coming down, following like trout. I saw her press back among
the swinging boughs as they went by, and guessed that something
more than the ordinary occasion of the day was astir. Presently,
when we heard from below the splash of laughter as the swimmers
struck the rapids, she came across to me.
“Where were you yesterday when Daria took the Cup?” she asked
immediately.
“By Fallen Tree, not twenty steps from you—but you were so taken
up with that affair that you did not see me.”
“You heard, then, what her young man said about”—she flushed
sensitively—“his reasons for her not drinking. Have you heard
anything of that in the Meet?”
“Nothing that need disquiet you.”
This was not strictly true, for Evarra had told me that all those who
had opposed Trastevera’s exemption ten years before were now
justifying themselves in Daria’s rebellion.
“They are saying what I feared,” she said, “that it is a mistake to
release the possessor of gifts from the common obligation.”
“They are wrong, then, for nothing has come of it but the
momentary outburst of a sensitive spirit. After all, Daria fulfilled her
vows.”
She looked at me curiously for a moment, as if she were not sure
what to make of me. We were walking up and down behind the trees,
her dress a-flutter, her small hands clasping and unclasping, her
body rippling with the expressive accompaniment of excitement
which was as natural to her as the unstrained stillness of repose.
“Do you not think it wrong,” she said, “when the findings of the
Council are scorned, and I—even I—make secret occasion to talk of
forbidden things?”
She wheeled upon me suddenly:
“And this plan which is hatched between your man and Mancha,
perhaps you see no wrong in that?”
She was too guileless herself to have taken that method on
purpose, but I felt my spirit curling like a dried leaf out of all
proportion to her news. I managed to answer steadily.
“He is not my man.” It did not occur to me until afterward that it
would have been a surer form of denial not to acknowledge so readily
what man. “And as for any plans he may have with Mancha or any
other, I do not know what they are. Nor would I be interested except
that I see it troubles you.”
All the time I was resenting unreasonably that Herman should
have any plans with anybody and not broach them first to me.
“I do not know very well what it is myself,” she said more quietly,
“except that it grows out of this unhappy episode of Daria’s. It must
refer to the Wardship, because it is rumored about that the Meet,
instead of breaking up on the evening when the keepers come back,
will hold over another day for Council. That must be because they
wish to talk of matters that may not be opened earlier. It is Mancha, I
think, who wishes it. When some of the elders reproved Daria’s lover
for having allowed himself to love a Ward, and for speaking so lightly
of the Keeping, Mancha said that a man could not help where his
heart went, and that there was too much truth in what the young
man said. Myself, I cannot account for it.”
“I can,” I said, “and though you might not feel at liberty to question
me, I at least may tell you that it has to do with the Ward. He is in
love with her.” And I told her all that I had seen or surmised.
“And your friend?”
“Not knowing what his plan is, I cannot give his reasons.”
“Ah!” she said for all answer, and we walked on without saying
anything further until I asked her what had become of Daria.
“Gone on her wedding month; they went away this morning as
soon as she was fully recovered, having seen no one. They went out
by Singing Ford. And even in that,” she added, “there is something to
criticize, for it is not customary for any one to go away from the Meet
while the Keepers are abroad. Oh,” she cried, striking suddenly upon
her breast, “it is through me, through me, that all this breaking of
custom comes.”
“Why do you care so much? All customs pass and in the end are
replaced by better ones.”
“If that is not so,” she said, “if it is not so, Daria’s lover was right.”
She walked a little from me and bit her hands, as though she would
have eaten down the mortification of one who sees harm come
through what is best in him. Having recovered herself a little came to
ask me when I had last seen Ravenutzi, and if I had observed
anything unusual in him. I had not, and naturally wished to know if
she had.
“The shadow,” she said, “the long shadow.”
“Has it come again?”
“It lies at his feet, it stretches behind him and blots out the good
day, it runs before him and covers the Outliers when they sit happy
and at ease. Oh, I am weary because of it, and yet I can find no fault
with him. During the last three days, which must have tried him, he
has been most discreet. But did you think”—she turned to me
—“when he broke in upon the singing to provoke debate, that he
meant to turn the talk to some other meaning than it had?”
“I thought so.”
“Then I am sure of it. Listen,” she said; “if this is true what you tell
me about Mancha, I shall have enough to watch, for the greatest
danger will be when the Ward comes home again.”
“Why then?”
“She will have been six months away from her friends, she will be
tired in body and the glow of the ceremonial will be gone, her heart
will turn toward her family, and the secret will weigh upon her. Then,
if ever, she will need counsel and support—when she comes back—
when she first comes.” She said the words over to herself. “Mancha I
can trust as far as I can trust any man in love; but the girl—I will say
no more of her than that she is much like other girls. I shall be busy
there. Ravenutzi I cannot watch, he disturbs me too much. Do you
see as much of him as possible and bring me word.”
There being no reason why I should not, I promised readily, and so
concluded the interview.
I was anxious though to see Herman as soon as possible, and sent
Lianth that evening to ask him to come to the middle meadow when
the stars came out in the blue above the dim, receding ranges. But he
did not come, though I walked there a long time and saw the dark
well out of the cañons. I felt the night scents begin to stir with the
little winds, and the tall sequoias bend their tops and talk together,
and my heart cracked with expectancy with every snapped twig and
rustling of wild things going down to drink. I shouldn’t have minded
his not coming if he had anything else to do, but I minded being kept
waiting for him. I minded it still more the next morning when I met
him at Fallen Tree and he said, quite as if he had not thought of it
until that time:
“Oh, by the way—I was down at the Hollow last night with Mancha
and some of the others. Was it anything particular you wanted to say
to me?”
Well, of course, I had supposed it was rather particular when I had
given him such an opportunity to tell me all about his plan and get
forgiven for not telling it before. I had meant to warn him that
Trastevera, and so, of course, Persilope, had reason to distrust his
mixing himself too much in the affairs of Outland. But of course if he
didn’t see it that way himself there was no occasion for me to be
concerned about it. So I said:
“No, nothing particular.”
“Well,” he said, “when this affair is all over”—just as if it were in
any wise his affair—“we must get together and have a good talk
somewhere.” And though it was mid-morning and there was nothing
whatever to do if he wished to talk, he went off up the creek, and that
was the last I saw of him until evening.
Directly after noon I took Lianth with me and went out toward the
Leap and then up the bank of a tributary rill, and so into a part of the
wood where the Outliers did not much frequent. Lianth, who was a
great talker, grew more and more quiet as my replies were more
absent, and the way grew steeper. We could see the ground rising in
front of us through the trees, and hear the noise of the creek falling
far behind.
The boy was walking very close to me, and there was a shy color
coming in his cheek; he glanced right and left under his half long
lashes and came very close.
“Well, isn’t she?” he said. “Isn’t she as beautiful as I said—you
know who?”
“Zirriloë?”
“Well, isn’t she?”
“Lianth,” said I, “if you think I have brought you out here to give
you a chance to talk about forbidden things, you are mistaken. I
came because I wished to be alone. I’m going a little farther among
the trees, and don’t you come until I call you.”
He was helping me up over a broken ledge as I spoke, and stopped
there looking at me irresolutely.
“You aren’t going to try and run away, are you? You look as though
you were—from something.”
“Only from you. You can give the call, and if I don’t answer you can
come to look for me.”
I had learned already many of the Outland methods of
communicating by forest notes rather than trust to the betraying,
high-pitched human voice. None of these was of more use to me than
the call for refuge. If any Outlier wished to be private in his place, he
raised that call, which all who were within hearing answered. Then
whoever was on his way from that placed hurried, and whoever was
coming toward it stayed where he was until he had permission to
move on. Though Lianth was somewhat taken aback at my demand, I
knew I should have some little space unmolested.
I climbed on between great roots of pines where the litter lay in
hummocks between the tracks of winter torrents, and Lianth had
called twice before I bethought myself to answer him and claim a
longer time. I lay down at last in a place where the scrub was a screen
to me, and before I understood what had happened, the laboring
breath of my climbing had burst into thick, choking sobs. I lay face
down on the pine litter and was most terribly shaken with the grief of
some dumb, wounded thing in me that did not know its hurt, but
wrenched and cried a long time unrelievingly. It was so new a thing
for me to cry and so strange, that though I knew this was what I had
come there for, I did not know why I was torn so almost to the
dividing of soul and spirit. The crying lasted a long time, and I was so
exhausted by it that it was only by faint degrees I became aware of
eyes upon me. I roused up hastily, afraid lest in the violence of my
grief I had failed to answer some inquiry of Lianth’s and he had come
to find me.
Instead, I met the curious, commiserating eyes of a woman fixed
on me through the leafage of the scrub. As soon as she perceived that
I saw her she parted the brush and came through, holding it still in
her hands behind her, as though it were a door of exit to be kept
open. I saw at once by her figure, which was slight and tall, by her
dark hair and by her dress, that she was not one of the Outliers. Over
her tunic she had wound a long cloak of dark stuff, concealing her
limbs, and over that bound vines and wreathed the leaves in her hair,
for adornment or concealment. As she stood in the shadow there was
little to be discerned of her but the thin oval of her face and the long
throat clasped by linked silver ornaments finely wrought.
“You are not of the Outliers?” she questioned, though I felt she was
already sure of the fact.
“I am their prisoner.”
I thought she seemed pleased at that, more pleased if, with a swift
searching of my swollen eyes, I could have answered yes to her next
question.
“They do not treat you well? But no”—answering herself—“it is not
so that captives cry. What is your name?”
“Mona.”
She said it over two or three times to fix it in her memory; and
then, caution and curiosity struggling in her:
“You have just come from them? You know them?”
“Yes.”
“Do you”—I could see the pulse of her long throat and the bushes
shake behind with her agitation—“do you know Ravenutzi?”
“I know him.”
“Is he well? How does he look? Is he happy?” Impossible to
conceal now what the question meant to her.
“He is well. As to his looks—sometimes he looks younger,
sometimes older. His hair, I think, is not so gray.”
“Not so gray?”
“I think he dyes it.” I do not know why I should have said this,
except as I saw that no detail of him was too small to seem trivial to
her.
“Oh!” she said, startled, looking at me queerly. “Oh!” she gave a
short laugh, “you think he dyes it. Is he happy?”
I considered.
“You are one of the Far-Folk, I believe, and though I am prisoner,
the Outliers have been friends to me. I am not sure I ought to answer
you.”
She let go of the bushes and came a step nearer in her anxiety.
“As you are a woman who has wept in secret, and by the hurt
which brought your tears,” she said, “only tell me if he is well and
happy. Surely that cannot touch your honor.”
“I have already said he is well. He has the vigor of a young man. As
for happiness—he says very little, and that not of himself. At least he
is not openly unhappy.”
“Tell me,” she urged, “if you could imagine that in his own land he
is well loved, that there is one there who lives in him, dreams of him,
counts the hours; could you say that he found the time of his hostage
heavy because of her?”
“He is thoughtful at times, and walks by himself. Otherwise I could
not judge. I have not loved myself.”
For answer she let her eyes wander pointedly over my disfigured
face and fallen hair.
“Tell me again,” she said after an interval. “This girl who is the
Ward, is she very beautiful?”
“Very;” but not so beautiful as you, I thought, for there was in the
vivid red of her fine lips, in the purple of her eyes and the delicate
tragic arch of her brows, in the long throat and bosom, all that fire
and motion of passion which the Ward’s face hinted at elusively. I
was casting about for a way of saying this to her not too boldly when
I was advised by the tapping of her foot on the needles that she
would not be turned from her inquiry.
“And Ravenutzi, is he interested in her? Is he much about her?
Does she care for him?”
“She is the Ward,” I said, “she may not think of men; and besides,
she is only a girl, her thought would hardly turn to a white head.”
“True, true”—she pinched her lip with thumb and forefinger—“I
had forgotten; as you say, he is a very old man. No doubt he might be
judged old enough to have speech with her.”
I, not seeing fit to reply to that, rose and stood looking at her, very
curious on my own account, but knowing very well that I should get
nothing from her except what pleased her.
“Shall I tell him you inquired for him?” I wished politely to know,
and was startled at her whiteness.
“Ah, no, no! Do not tell him—tell no one lest he hear of it; he would
be very angry, he would——” She recovered herself. “Ravenutzi is
very honorable. He would not wish to break the terms of his hostage,
which are that he should not communicate with the Far-Folk for
three years. It is a long time,” she said piteously.
“A long time.”
“Then,” she said, “if you could understand how I—how his friends
would wish to assure themselves that he is well, you can see that we
would not wish him disturbed by knowing how much he is missed.”
 “I understand very well.”
“Then”—relieved—“you will perhaps tell no one that you have seen
me. And if I could come so near again—I could not have managed it
except that they are all busy at their Meet—if I could let you know,
you would not deny me?”
I suppose the exhaustion of long sobbing had left me in a yielding
mood. I saw no harm in satisfying her anxiety, and said so, though I
added that I might not be long myself among the Outliers.
“If you are there I will find a way to let you know,” she assured me,
and with that she threw herself into the arms of the waiting wood,
which received and seemed to snatch her from my view.
 VII
HERMAN DEVELOPS HIS IDEA

O n the third day, when the shadows were all out full length in the
upper basin, the sun blinking palely from behind a film of
evening gray, the Maiden Ward came back. Some children paddling
for trout in the soddy runnels saw her come and ran crying the news
among the evening fires. Hearing it the women all ran together
distractedly, declaring that there could be no proper welcome with
no men about. This, I thought, was very quickly noted by the girl,
glancing this way and that, losing a little of the high carriage and
manner as she saw how few observed it.
The girl was white, her eyes strained wide in dark circles of fatigue.
Streakings of her fair body showed through the torn dress. I saw her
check and stumble, putting out her hands blindly, overburdened by
her hair. Remembering what importance Trastevera had attached to
this returning, I looked about for her, ready to serve or see. Before I
could reach her, up came Ravenutzi from his pot of coals and anvil of
flint stone down where the rush of the cascade covered the tinkle of
his hammers. I could not help noting the likeness between him and
Trastevera as he came, putting off his smith’s apron ready to her use
like a proffered tool. Some nods, I think, a gesture or two of
Trastevera’s, were all that passed between them. Some essential
maleness leapt up in him at the motions of those small talking hands,
and took command of the situation. I found myself running with the
women at his word to spread skins for the Ward to rest upon, and
ordering the children in two lines to some show of ceremonial
welcome. There were some young brothers of hers in that band, and
as she kissed them heartily I saw tears stealing, and realized how
young she was and how hard a thing she had undertaken. She stood
with a palm behind her flat against a pine for support, overtired and
wanting her mother, no doubt, who was not allowed to come to her.
Finally the women took her away to rest.
In all this I had never seen Ravenutzi show to so great advantage.
When we were quite alone Trastevera put out her hand to him as she
did not often in the presence of Outliers.
“Kinsman,” she said, and it was the first time I had heard her call
him that, “I owe you thanks for this.”
She meant more than that he had contrived some warmth for what
must otherwise have seemed to Zirriloë a cold returning. She was
thankful that it had been his wrinkles and streaked grayness to meet
the Ward rather than the hot eyes and shining curls of Mancha.
“I do not know how it is,” said she, “I never pitied myself for being
the Ward, but somehow this pink girl seems to need to be pitied.”
“Any bond,” said Ravenutzi, “will wear at times,” and said it with a
wistful back-stroke of self-commiseration that caused me to think
swiftly of several things. I reflected that in his own place among the
Far-Folk he must have been more of a man than the Outliers
conceded to any smith. Next, that the condition of tame cat, which
his hostageship incurred, pressed more heavily on him than they
were in the habit of thinking. Also I thought of the tall woman, but I
did not deliver the comforting reassurance about her which came
readily to my tongue. There was so intimate and personal a quality in
his brief surrender to our sympathy that it made the mention of
another woman an intrusion. It began to seem likely that she could
not be so much to him as he to her. That would account both for her
anxiety not to have him know of her inquiry, and for his not having
mentioned her to Trastevera.
We continued walking up and down under the linked pines,
without many words, but with a community of understanding, which
led later to Trastevera’s opening to him more of her anxieties than
she realized. In the course of an hour or two the women brought the
Ward back again, and made her a little entertainment of
compliments and songs. There was a hard, bright moon in a pale
ring, and the breath of the young year stealing through the forest.
Prassade sang, and Evarra’s man and old Noche. The women sang
all together, rocking, as they sat, but Ravenutzi sang the most and
most movingly. Mancha sang nothing; sat off fondling his weapon,
and drank the girl’s looks. She was very lovely, had got back a little of
her saint’s separateness which became her, and the conscious
support of being admired. If she had looked at him, she might have
seen his heart swimming under his gaze, but I could not see that she
did. What favor she was disposed to show went to Ravenutzi,
praising his songs and affecting to be affected. I thought she built too
much on the mere incident of his having been the only one of the
men to meet her. It was a mere accident growing out of the nature of
his work, but it was natural, perhaps, to have rewarded him for it.
The women took her away early, and nothing whatever had
happened.
The next day, which ordinarily would have seen the parting of the
Meet, occurred the Council, which broke up in some disorder,
without having accomplished anything. Very early a blind fog came
nosing up from the sea, cutting between the round-backed hills,
shouldering them like a herd-dog among sheep. It threaded
unsuspected cañons, and threw up great combs of tall, raking trees
against its crawling flanks. It gripped the peaks, spreading skyward,
whirling upon itself in a dry, ghostly torrent. The chill that came with
the fog drove us down toward Deep Fern, to a sun-warmed hollow
defended by jutty horns of the country rock. Shed leaves crackled
under us, the wind and fog were stayed by the tall pines at our backs,
the sun warmed whitely through the hurrying mist.
Evarra and some others of the women were there, Zirriloë and the
two keepers beginning their daily turns, and Ravenutzi, sitting with
his long knees drawn up under his clasped hands. Somewhere out of
sight the men were holding council on a matter they had not seen fit
to speak to us about. We had scarcely settled ourselves on the warm
leaf-drift when one of them came to the head of the Hollow and
shouted for Noche. There were so many of us about, the old man
could have safely left the Ward but it seemed to him scarcely
courtesy to do so with her Wardship yet so new. He glanced around
through the smother of the fog and found not another man who
could be spared to that duty. Ravenutzi, with his chin upon his knees,
and his velvety opaque eyes looked idly at nothing, but was aware of
the old man’s difficulty. Noche clapped him heavily on the shoulder.
“Hey, smith,” he said, “will you take a watch for me? I am wanted.”
 At this the man who leaned to us dimly from the rim of the Hollow
gave a grunt.
“What,” he said, “will you set the Far-Folk to watch a Ward? These
are gentle times.”
“Why, he is as gray as I am, and twice as wrinkled,” answered
Noche, mightily disconcerted. “Would you have him come to the
Council instead?”
The other laughed shortly.
“No, not to the Council, though I daresay it will come to that yet.”
He released the young tree upon which he leaned, which sprang
back with a crackling sound. From his silence Noche drew consent to
his half-jesting proposal and, smiling embarrassedly, like a chidden
child, swung his great body up by the trunk of a leaning oak and
disappeared behind the smoky fog. By such intimations we knew
there was something going forward among the men, but we did not
know how much of this the Ward, who was most involved by it,
surmised. She might have guessed from our not referring to these
mysterious comings and goings that it concerned the keeping of the
Treasure. She grew uneasy, started at sounds, would have Trastevera
hold her hand, was in need of stroking and reassuring.
The fog increased, hurrying and turning upon itself. Runnels of
cooler air began to pour through it, curling back the parted films
against the trees. Now and then one of these air-streams, deflected
by the rim of the Hollow, would rush up its outer slope, blowing
leaves and dust like a fountain, and, subsiding, leave us more
sensible of warmth and ease, in the thick leaf litter below the oaks.
Ravenutzi came over to Trastevera, who sat holding the Ward’s
hand, and stretched himself at her feet, smiling up at her his fawn’s
smile. He held up his hand between him and the pale smear of
sunlight with one of those slight, meaningful gestures so natural to
him that it served as a more delicate sort of speech: “Surely it seemed
to say, to-day not even I can cast a shadow?”
Trastevera, like one too deep in thought to rise to the surface of
words, smiled back. Not finding himself in disfavor, Ravenutzi
ventured a little more to lure her from disturbing meditation. He
turned upon his side, leaning on his elbow, and began to sing. His
voice was mellow and of a carrying quality, with a tang in it like the
taste of the honey-comb in wild honey. Some half-governed energy of
passion kept it under his breath as the warm earth was held under
the smother of the fog. It was a song of the Far-Folk, I know, for
there were some words in it not common to the Outliers, but it had
their method of carrying the mood in the movement and the mind of
the singer, rather than in the words.
“‘Oh, a long time.’

it said,
‘Have I been gathering lilies in the dawn-dim woodland.
‘Oh, long—long!’”

and ran on into a sound like the indrawing of breath before tears,
and began again:
“Scented and sweet is the house
And the door swings outward,
It is made fair with lilies:
But there are no feet on the trail to the house
And the door swings outward.
Long, O long, have I been gathering lilies.”

Just that, three times over; and the first time of the singing it was a
girl wreathing herself with flowers and looking down the trail, sure of
her lover but sighing for his delay. Then it was the tall woman I had
met in the wood, keeping her empty house with fierce loyalty
through the years of his hostage.
“Long, oh long, have I been gathering lilies!”

Finally it was a heart made fair with unrequited tendernesses,

singing to itself through all the unimpassioned years. Strangely it
was I singing that song and walking through it in a bewildered mist
of pain.
I do not know how long it was after Ravenutzi ceased before I
could separate myself from the throbbing of the song. I was recalled
sharply by the wish to comfort Zirriloë, whose young egotism,
suffering perhaps in the withdrawal of attention from herself, had
startled us all by turning her face on Trastevera’s shoulder and
bursting into tears. It was pure hysteria, I thought, but she was so
very pretty in it. There was such appeal of childishness in the red,
curling lip, the trembling of her delicate bosom, that I was drawn in
spite of myself into the general conspiracy to restore her to the
balance of cheerfulness. Ravenutzi, realizing that his song was in a
manner to blame, was so embarrassed in his dismay and so wistful of
our good opinion, that the girl was obliged to come out of her tears to
reassure him. He, to requite the forgiveness, began to be at once so
gay and charming in his talk that in a very little time we had returned
to that even breathing lightness of mood which was the habit of the
Outliers. Content welled out of the earth and overflowed us like some
quiet tide, disturbed only as some sharp jet of human emotion
sprang up fountain-wise momentarily beyond the level, and dropped
back again to vital, pulsing peace.
We had no more disturbances that day, and I felt that Trastevera,
much as she was concerned about the Council, could only have been
thankful for so commonplace an occasion. We were both glad that
the quick-blooded Mancha had business, which kept him out of the
way until the Ward had recovered a little from the self-consciousness
of her situation. When about three hours had gone over us, Persilope
came stooping under the hanging boughs, gave us Good Friending
somewhat briefly, and took his wife away with him. From time to
time after that, one or another woman slipped away, answering some
call of her mate out of the mist. When we heard the fluttering shriek
of a hawk given rapidly twice, and again impatiently, without space
for replying we all laughed.
“That is your man, Evarra! One would think the woods were a-
fire!”
Evarra blushed.
“Assuredly, he would set them a-fire when he is in that state if he
did not find me.” She made a sign to me. “Come,” she said; “now we
shall hear what it is all about.”
The Council, so Evarra’s husband told us, was not the immediate
outcome of the incidents of the Meet. Matter for it had been growing
these ten years past, ever since the unearthing and reburial of the
Treasure had been undertaken on Trastevera’s account. It had been
so long since they had any feeling of its reality, except as the point on
which their honor hung! But after Noche had seen the Treasure, the
craftsman’s soul of him was forever busy with the wonders of it,
brooding on the fire of its jewels as a young man on the beam of a
maiden eye. All the children who had come to maturity these ten
years past had been nourished on the Treasure tale, livened and
pointed by Noche’s account. With the advent of the hostage, interest
in the King’s Desire as a possession had rather increased through the
awakened appreciation of smith’s work among them. Ravenutzi had
made curious ornaments for the women of bits of metal found in
deserted summer camps, the patterns of which reproduced, so far as
the Far-Folk remembered them, the wrought gold of the King’s
jewels.
Both the items which were responsible for this liveliness of
curiosity—the exemption of Trastevera and consequent reburial of
the Treasure, and the acceptance of the hostage—had been strongly
opposed by part of the Council. Now they thought themselves
justified by the turn of events. They thought further that the incident
of Daria and her lover called loudly for measures which should stem
this current of departure from old usage. A Ward had been released
from her obligation of forgetfulness; another had ventured to plead
for it. A young man had loved a Ward and dared to avow it during
the term of her Wardship. Here was one of the Far-Folk teaching
smitheying to the Outliers. Here were House-Folk going about
among them talking of forbidden things. Matter enough for Council
if ever Council was. More disconcerting, here was Mancha, Ward of
the Outer Borders, Mancha of the Hammerers, who had opposed the
hostage and stood for the inviolateness of obligation, come out
suddenly as the leader, the precipitator, of revolt. Evarra’s man
fumed over this and the probable reason for it. Upon which point,
though I was at no loss myself, I did not see fit to enlighten him.
The Council had begun soberly in the consideration as to whether
some formal penalty should be visited on the Ward who had dared to
love, and the man who had ventured to love her. It had been
disrupted widely by the question, which seemed to spring up
simultaneously among the younger men, as to why there should be a
Ward at all.
It was the nature and the exquisite charm of the life of Outland
that it could not carry superfluous baggage either of custom or
equipment. Question as to the continuance could not have arisen had
there not run before it some warning of dead weight, like the
creaking of a blasted bough about to fall. Such warning they had in
the incidents about which the Council was met. The mere question
was not so disquieting as the speech Mancha made upon it, a speech
which, proceeding from an impulse perhaps not very well defined in
his own mind, and not guessed by his audience. His private
determination to get Zirriloë free so that he might make love to her,
was neither very direct in its process nor clear in its conclusion.
Why, said Mancha, waste the youth of a girl, always the chiefest
and loveliest, keeping a Treasure for which the Far-Folk had ceased
to struggle. Did they not prefer pilferings of House-Folk? Had they
not sold their best man for a free passage to the Ploughed Lands?
Honor, said he, had been kept alive by the custom of the Maiden
Ward. But was honor so little among the Outliers that they had to
buy it at the price of a girl’s love-time?
Moreover, declared Mancha of the Hammerers, it was a form of
honor which they did not trust her to keep. Besides, keeping was the
business of men. Further, said the Ward of the Outer Borders, not
having made it very clear where his speech tended up to this point,
there was a better way of keeping the Treasure effectively out of
reach of the Far-Folk. There was a way costing them nothing of
which, since it was new to him, and he no speech-maker—this much
was sufficiently clear at any rate—he begged leave to let Herman of
the House-Folk put for him. This was what broke and scattered the
Council like a blast of wind on burning leaves. They blew out this way
and that, sparking and flaring, saying it was an incredible thing and
impossible that the House-Folk should come to Council, or, coming,
should have anything to say worth hearing. Some blamed Mancha
and some the occasion. Some there were who laughed, unbound
their slings and went hunting. Said they:
“This is mere child’s talk, when you have business afoot call us.”
Others, deeply angered at the flouting of old customs, went out
suddenly, picked up their women with a sign and set out without
farewells for their own places. Of these we heard nothing again until
a greater occasion grown out of that same slighted Council called
them.
There were many, however, and these chiefly of the younger men,
who stayed to hear Herman’s idea, which was as he explained to me a
little later at the pine tree by the shallows, perfectly feasible. It was
nothing less than that the Outliers should become, as he said,
civilized.
“It is quite impossible, you know, that they should go on living like
this indefinitely. They are practically cut off from the sea already,
and every summer there are more and more campers. Think how
these hills would be overrun, and with what sort of people, if we went
back to Fairshore and told what we know of the Treasure?”
“Well, we aren’t going to be allowed to. Do you remember last
summer how one of a hunting party in these same hills wandered
away from his companions and was found afterwards, dazed and
witless? He was thought to have had a fall or something. But now I
know that like us, he stumbled on the Outliers and they gave him the
Cup.”
“That may work very well when they get us singly,” Herman
agreed, “but a whole party of campers now—the wonder is they have
been exempt so long. Their trails go everywhere.”
I could have reminded Herman then of one who walked in their
trails and believed them trodden out by deer, who caught them
nearly at their faggot gathering and thought only of wood-choppers.
Or I might have asked him if even now he could find any Outlier in
the woods who did not wish to be found. But I waited to hear the
whole of his idea.
“They are getting no good out of their Treasure as it is, and paying
too dear for its keep. A girl like Zirriloë ought to be married, you
know ... with all that capacity for loving ... what a wife she would
make ... for ... anybody.” I had not said anything to the contrary, but
Herman took on an insisting tone. “She would pick up things,” he
said, “and her beauty would carry her anywhere——” He broke off,
staring into the brown shallows as if he were watching of that beauty
carrying her somewhere out of the bounds of her present life, and the
sight pleased him.
“But your idea?”
“Well, it’s only that they should take up their Treasure, abolish all
this business of the Ward, and with the proceeds of the jewels buy
themselves a tract of land in which the law could protect them from
the encroachments of House-Folk and Far-Folk alike. I know a man
in the forestry bureau who would be able to tell me how it could be
managed.”
He said that with so great an implied indifference to any objection
I might entertain, that I began to feel a very quick resentment. I
began to wonder if that old inclusive sympathy had ever been at all, if
indeed it had not grown, as I felt this whole Outland experience to
have done, out of my expectant wish for it.
“It would mean so much to us ... to those of us who care about such
things,” he corrected himself, as if already a little less sure of me, “to
have their social system working in plain sight. Their notions of the
common good ... I’ve talked with the men a bit ... what they’ve
worked out without any of our encumbrances, if they could take it up
now with all our practical advantages—the University might establish
a sort of protectorate——But you don’t seem to care for the idea,
Mona.”
I don’t know what I thought of the idea as a solution of the
troubles of the Outliers. I thought of a great many practical
objections afterward, but just then I knew what I thought of Herman
for proposing it.
They were our Outliers—or I might have said my Outliers, for I
had imagined them, believed in them and discovered them. It was
only Herman’s interest in me which had brought him within their
borders. It was a unique and beautiful experience, and it was ours.
We had said that and had felicitated ourselves so many times on its
being an experience we were having together. If we forgot it we must
have even our forgetfulness in common as we had so many things—
and here was Herman willing to throw it open to the world as an
experiment in sociology. If Herman felt that way about it, how was I
to claim that exquisite excluding community of interest in which the
adventure had begun!
“I daresay,” I answered quickly, for I had thought all this while he
talked to me, “that it is as good as most ideas of yours, but it doesn’t
interest me.” And I walked away and left him staring into the water.
 VIII
IN WHICH HERMAN’S IDEA RECEIVES A
CHECK

T o the dry fog succeeded showers and intervals of super clearness.

Vast blunt-headed clouds blundered under a high, receding
heaven. Brown croisers of the fern uncurled from the odorous earth,
some subtle instinct responded to the incessant stir of sap. The
Outliers left off debating to run together flock-wise in the
recrudescence of the year. The wet wood was full of whispering, all
hours of the night feet went by bearing laughter, not loud but
chuckling and daring.
Nevertheless, the clearing of the weather did not scatter them.
Some there were whose affairs had called them at the end of the
Meet. A few had gone in displeasure at the turn of the Council.
Mancha’s supporters, and they were chiefly the young men,
remained in the neighborhood of Leaping Water and Deep Fern, to
which we had moved when the rain began. Fretted argument would
go on where two or three of the men were met, disrupting suddenly.
There was a sense of expectancy abroad. Men watched the Ward for
more than her beauty as she went with the keepers, in a green gown
like the sheath of a bud, her face a flower.
Ravenutzi got from Herman what silver coins he had, and smithied
them into a brooch for her; it was rumored that you would find the
twin of that pattern in the King’s Desire. Women grew curious,
questioned me how the House-Folk lived and loved. They laughed
and looked sidewise, but listened.
All this curious possibility of Herman’s idea, and the pricking
sense of stir and change, drew off attention from Mancha’s passion,
which burned up to the betraying point. Trastevera, who remained
steadily aware of his state, credited to it mistakenly all her unease
and intimations of disaster. Trouble ranged openly in the wood, but
hid its face. It seemed to swell at times toward betrayal: I could see
small hair bristling on the necks of the men when they had sat
quietly together, or one would throw up his head like an uneasy
hound. I think as the newness of Herman’s proposal began to wear
down, some of them became aware of Mancha’s state, but said
nothing lest, uncovered too much in speech, it would burst the
quicker into scandal.
He had very little talk with the girl, as little communication was
allowed, even in company, and Mancha made no special occasions.
Anywhere in her trail you might come upon him mooning upon a
flower she had dropped, the bough she had leaned upon, the
crumpled fern. He would sit in the pleasant pauses of the noon, the
joints of his face loosened, his gaze swimming as he looked at her, his
hair above his face was like pale fire. He was all molten white with
passion; if the girl breathed upon him he would have burst ravening
into flame.
Trastevera was afraid that the Ward, quick, for all her simple
seeming, to observe her effect upon men, would become aware of
Mancha’s love for her and kindle her imagination at the vanity of this
conquest. Any girl might well have been touched by the love of a man
worth so much as men are accounted worth. Ravenutzi knew, and
managed to make his knowledge seem to grow out of his wish to
relieve the perturbation of Trastevera, of whom he was always
considerately observant.
There was a quick sympathy of instinct between those two dark
ones, and he served her with that fatal appeal to women, of
sweetness struggling with some baser attribute, toward her good
opinion. He had the air when in her presence, and under her
approbation, of having climbed into it out of some native
unworthiness.
It was an air calculated to make any woman generous in the
bestowal of her company. By degrees Trastevera fell into the way of
letting him serve her by interposing a screen between Zirriloë and
the Hammerer’s too unguarded gaze. Often in the still noons when
Mancha’s adoring mind burned through all the drowsy silences, he
would make a diversion, singing or relating one of his long tales.
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