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Authorised adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Statistics for Business and Economics,
8th Edition, ISBN: 978-0-13-274565-9 by Paul Newbold, William L. Carlson and Betty Thorne,
published by Pearson Education, Inc., © 2013.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook
appear on the appropriate page within the text.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
16 15 14 13 12
Dr. Bill Carlson is professor emeritus of economics at St. Olaf College, where he taught
for 31 years, serving several times as department chair and in various administrative func-
tions, including director of academic computing. He has also held leave assignments with
the U.S. government and the University of Minnesota in addition to lecturing at many dif-
ferent universities. He was elected an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa. In addition, he
spent 10 years in private industry and contract research prior to beginning his career at St.
Olaf. His education includes engineering degrees from Michigan Technological University
(BS) and from the Illinois Institute of Technology (MS) and a PhD in quantitative man-
agement from the Rackham Graduate School at the University of Michigan. Numerous
research projects related to management, highway safety, and statistical education have
produced more than 50 publications. He received the Metropolitan Insurance Award of
Merit for Safety Research. He has previously published two statistics textbooks. An im-
portant goal of this book is to help students understand the forest and not be lost in the
trees. Hiking the Lake Superior trail in Northern Minnesota helps in developing this goal.
Professor Carlson led a number of study-abroad programs, ranging from 1 to 5 months, for
study in various countries around the world. He was the executive director of the Cannon
Valley Elder Collegium and a regular volunteer for a number of community activities. He
is a member of both the Methodist and Lutheran disaster-relief teams and a regular partic-
ipant in the local Habitat for Humanity building team. He enjoys his grandchildren, wood-
working, travel, reading, and being on assignment on the North Shore of Lake Superior.
Dr. Betty M. Thorne, author, researcher, and award-winning teacher, is professor of sta-
tistics and director of undergraduate studies in the School of Business Administration at
Stetson University in DeLand, Florida. Winner of Stetson University’s McEniry Award for
Excellence in Teaching, the highest honor given to a Stetson University faculty member,
Dr. Thorne is also the recipient of the Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award and Pro-
fessor of the Year Award in the School of Business Administration at Stetson. Dr. Thorne
teaches in Stetson University’s undergradaute business program in DeLand, Florida, and
also in Stetson’s summer program in Innsbruck, Austria; Stetson University’s College of
Law; Stetson University’s Executive MBA program; and Stetson University’s Executive
Passport program. Dr. Thorne has received various teaching awards in the JD/MBA pro-
gram at Stetson’s College of Law in Gulfport, Florida. She received her BS degree from
Geneva College and MA and PhD degrees from Indiana University. She has co-au-
thored statistics textbooks which have been translated into several languages and ad-
opted by universities, nationally and internationally. She serves on key school and
university committees. Dr. Thorne, whose research has been published in various ref-
ereed journals, is a member of the American Statistical Association, the Decision Sci-
ence Institute, Beta Alpha Psi, Beta Gamma Sigma, and the Academy of International
Business. She and her husband, Jim, have four children. They travel extensively, attend
theological conferences and seminars, participate in international organizations dedicated
to helping disadvantaged children, and do missionary work in Romania.
4
BRIEF CONTENTS
Preface 13
Index 783
5
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CONTENTS
Preface 13
Data File Index 19
7
CHAPTER 3 Elements of Chance: Probability Methods 93
3.1 Random Experiment, Outcomes, and Events 94
3.2 Probability and Its Postulates 101
Classical Probability 101
Permutations and Combinations 102
Relative Frequency 106
Subjective Probability 107
3.3 Probability Rules 111
Conditional Probability 113
Statistical Independence 116
3.4 Bivariate Probabilities 122
Odds 126
Overinvolvement Ratios 126
3.5 Bayes’ Theorem 132
Subjective Probabilities in Management Decision Making 138
8 Contents
CHAPTER 6 Distributions of Sample Statistics 244
6.1 Sampling from a Population 245
Development of a Sampling Distribution 246
6.2 Sampling Distributions of Sample Means 249
Central Limit Theorem 254
Monte Carlo Simulations: Central Limit Theorem 254
Acceptance Intervals 260
6.3 Sampling Distributions of Sample Proportions 265
6.4 Sampling Distributions of Sample Variances 270
Contents 9
CHAPTER 9 Hypothesis Tests of a Single Population 346
9.1 Concepts of Hypothesis Testing 347
9.2 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Known 352
p-Value 354
Two-Sided Alternative Hypothesis 360
9.3 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Unknown 362
9.4 Tests of the Population Proportion (Large Samples) 366
9.5 Assessing the Power of a Test 368
Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population
Variance Known 369
Power of Population Proportion Tests (Large Samples) 371
9.6 Tests of the Variance of a Normal Distribution 375
10 Contents
12.2 Estimation of Coefficients 481
Least Squares Procedure 482
12.3 Explanatory Power of a Multiple Regression Equation 488
12.4 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Individual Regression Coefficients 493
Confidence Intervals 495
Tests of Hypotheses 497
12.5 Tests on Regression Coefficients 505
Tests on All Coefficients 505
Test on a Subset of Regression Coefficients 506
Comparison of F and t Tests 508
12.6 Prediction 511
12.7 Transformations for Nonlinear Regression Models 514
Quadratic Transformations 515
Logarithmic Transformations 517
12.8 Dummy Variables for Regression Models 522
Differences in Slope 525
12.9 Multiple Regression Analysis Application Procedure 529
Model Specification 529
Multiple Regression 531
Effect of Dropping a Statistically Significant Variable 532
Analysis of Residuals 534
Contents 11
Normal Approximation to the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test 624
Sign Test for a Single Population Median 626
14.5 Nonparametric Tests for Independent Random Samples 628
Mann-Whitney U Test 628
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test 631
14.6 Spearman Rank Correlation 634
14.7 A Nonparametric Test for Randomness 636
Runs Test: Small Sample Size 636
Runs Test: Large Sample Size 638
INDEX 783
12 Contents
PREFACE
INTENDED AUDIENCE
Statistics for Business and Economics, 8th edition, was written to meet the need for an in-
troductory text that provides a strong introduction to business statistics, develops un-
derstanding of concepts, and emphasizes problem solving using realistic examples that
emphasize real data sets and computer based analysis. These examples emphasize busi-
ness and economics examples for the following:
• MBA or undergraduate business programs that teach business statistics
• Graduate and undergraduate economics programs
• Executive MBA programs
• Graduate courses for business statistics
SUBSTANCE
This book was written to provide a strong introductory understanding of applied statisti-
cal procedures so that individuals can do solid statistical analysis in many business and
economic situations. We have emphasized an understanding of the assumptions that are
necessary for professional analysis. In particular we have greatly expanded the number of
applications that utilize data from applied policy and research settings. Data and problem
scenarios have been obtained from business analysts, major research organizations, and
selected extractions from publicly available data sources. With modern computers it is
easy to compute, from data, the output needed for many statistical procedures. Thus, it is
tempting to merely apply simple “rules” using these outputs—an approach used in many
textbooks. Our approach is to combine understanding with many examples and student
exercises that show how understanding of methods and their assumptions lead to useful
understanding of business and economic problems.
13
3. Inclusion of a number of new exercises that introduce students to specific statistical
questions that are part of research projects.
4. Addition of a number of case studies, with both large and small sample sizes. Stu-
dents are provided the opportunity to extend their statistical understanding to the
context of research and analysis conducted by professionals. These studies include
data files obtained from on-going research studies, which reduce for the student, the
extensive work load of data collection and refinement, thus providing an emphasis
on question formulation, analysis, and reporting of results.
5. Careful revision of text and symbolic language to ensure consistent terms and defini-
tions and to remove errors that accumulated from previous revisions and production
problems.
6. Major revision of the discussion of Time Series both in terms of describing historical
patterns and in the focus on identifying the underlying structure and introductory
forecasting methods.
7. Integration of the text material, data sets, and exercises into new on-line applications
including MyMathLab Global.
8. Expansion of descriptive statistics to include percentiles, z-scores, and alternative for-
mulae to compute the sample variance and sample standard deviation.
9. Addition of a significant number of new examples based on real world data.
10. Greater emphasis on the assumptions being made when conducting various statisti-
cal procedures.
11. Reorganization of sampling concepts.
12. More detailed business-oriented examples and exercises incorporated in the analysis
of statistics.
13. Improved chapter introductions that include business examples discussed in the
chapter.
14. Good range of difficulty in the section ending exercises that permit the professor to
tailor the difficulty level to his or her course.
15. Improved suitability for both introductory and advanced statistics courses and by
both undergraduate and graduate students.
16. Decision Theory, which is covered in other business classes such as operations man-
agement or strategic management, has been moved to an online location for access by
those who are interested (www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/newbold).
14 Preface
sets obtained from various applications in the public and private sectors. In the eighth
edition we have added a number of large data sets obtained from major research proj-
ects and other sources. These data sets are used in chapter examples, exercises, and
case studies located at the end of analysis chapters. A number of exercises consider
individual analyses that are typically part of larger research projects. With this struc-
ture, students can deal with important detailed questions and can also work with case
studies that require them to identify the detailed questions that are logically part of a
larger research project. These large data sets can also be used by the teacher to develop
additional research and case study projects that are custom designed for local course
environments. The opportunity to custom design new research questions for students
is a unique part of this textbook.
One of the large data sets is the HEI Cost Data Variable Subset. This data file was
obtained from a major nutrition-research project conducted at the Economic Research
Service (ERS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These research projects provide the
basis for developing government policy and informing citizens and food producers about
ways to improve national nutrition and health. The original data were gathered in the Na-
tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included in-depth interview mea-
surements of diet, health, behavior, and economic status for a large probability sample of
the U.S. population. Included in the data is the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), a measure of
diet quality developed by ERS and computed for each individual in the survey. A number
of other major data sets containing nutrition measures by country, automobile fuel con-
sumption, health data, and more are described in detail at the end of the chapters where
they are used in exercises and case studies. A complete list of the data files and where they
are used is located at the end of this preface. Data files are also shown by chapter at the
end of each chapter.
The book provides a complete and in-depth presentation of major applied topics.
An initial read of the discussion and application examples enables a student to begin
working on simple exercises, followed by challenging exercises that provide the op-
portunity to learn by doing relevant analysis applications. Chapters also include sum-
mary sections, which clearly present the key components of application tools. Many
analysts and teachers have used this book as a reference for reviewing specific appli-
cations. Once you have used this book to help learn statistical applications, you will
also find it to be a useful resource as you use statistical analysis procedures in your
future career.
A number of special applications of major procedures are included in various sec-
tions. Clearly there are more than can be used in a single course. But careful selection of
topics from the various chapters enables the teacher to design a course that provides for
the specific needs of students in the local academic program. Special examples that can
be left out or included provide a breadth of opportunities. The initial probability chapter,
Chapter 3, provides topics such as decision trees, overinvolvement ratios, and expanded
coverage of Bayesian applications, any of which might provide important material for
local courses. Confidence interval and hypothesis tests include procedures for variances
and for categorical and ordinal data. Random-variable chapters include linear combina-
tion of correlated random variables with applications to financial portfolios. Regression
applications include estimation of beta ratios in finance, dummy variables in experimen-
tal design, nonlinear regression, and many more.
As indicated here, the book has the capability of being used in a variety of courses
that provide applications for a variety of academic programs. The other benefit to the stu-
dent is that this textbook can be an ideal resource for the student’s future professional
career. The design of the book makes it possible for a student to come back to topics after
several years and quickly renew his or her understanding. With all the additional special
topics, that may not have been included in a first course, the book is a reference for learn-
ing important new applications. And the presentation of those new applications follows
a presentation style and uses understandings that are familiar. This reduces the time re-
quired to master new application topics.
Preface 15
SUPPLEMENT PACKAGE
Student Resources
Online Resources—These resources, which can be downloaded at no cost from
www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/newbold, include the following:
• Data files—Excel data files that are used throughout the chapters.
• PHStat2—The latest version of PHStat2, the Pearson statistical add-in for
Windows-based Excel 2003, 2007, and 2010. This version eliminates the use of the
Excel Analysis ToolPak add-ins, thereby simplifying installation and setup.
• Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Exercises
MyMathLab Global provides students with direct access to the online resources as well as
the following exclusive online features and tools:
• Interactive tutorial exercises—These are a comprehensive set of exercises writ-
ten especially for use with this book that are algorithmically generated for un-
limited practice and mastery. Most exercises are free-response exercises and
provide guided solutions, sample problems, and learning aids for extra help at
point of use.
• Personalized study plan—This plan indicates which topics have been mastered
and creates direct links to tutorial exercises for topics that have not been mastered.
MyMathLab Global manages the study plan, updating its content based on the
results of future online assessments.
• Integration with Pearson eTexts—A resource for iPad users, who can download
a free app at www.apple.com/ipad/apps-for-ipad/ and then sign in using their
MyMathLab Global account to access a bookshelf of all their Pearson eTexts. The
iPad app also allows access to the Do Homework, Take a Test, and Study Plan
pages of their MyMathLab Global course.
Instructor Resources
Instructor’s Resource Center—Reached through a link at www.pearsonglobaleditions
.com/newbold, the Instructor’s Resource Center contains the electronic files for the complete
Instructor’s Solutions Manual, the Test Item File, and PowerPoint lecture presentations:
• Register, Redeem, Log In—At www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/newbold, instruc-
tors can access a variety of print, media, and presentation resources that are available
with this book in downloadable digital format.
• Need Help?—Pearson Education’s dedicated technical support team is ready to
assist instructors with questions about the media supplements that accompany this
text. Visit http://247pearsoned.com for answers to frequently asked questions and
toll-free user-support phone numbers. The supplements are available to adopting
instructors. Detailed descriptions are provided at the Instructor’s Resource Center.
Instructor Solutions Manual—This manual includes worked-out solutions for end-of-
section and end-of-chapter exercises and applications. Electronic solutions are provided at
the Instructor’s Resource Center in Word format.
PowerPoint Lecture Slides—A set of chapter-by-chapter PowerPoint slides provides an
instructor with individual lecture outlines to accompany the text. The slides include many
of the figures and tables from the text. Instructors can use these lecture notes as is or can
easily modify the notes to reflect specific presentation needs.
Test-Item File—The test-item file contains true/false, multiple-choice, and short-answer
questions based on concepts and ideas developed in each chapter of the text.
TestGen Software—Pearson Education’s test-generating software is PC compatible and
preloaded with all the Test-Item File questions. You can manually or randomly view test
16 Preface
questions and drag and drop them to create a test. You can add or modify test-bank ques-
tions as needed.
MyMathLab Global is a powerful online homework, tutorial, and assessment system that
accompanies Pearson Education statistics textbooks. With MyMathLab Global, instructors
can create, edit, and assign online homework and tests using algorithmically generated
exercises correlated at the objective level to the textbook. They can also create and assign
their own online exercises and import TestGen tests for added flexibility. All student work
is tracked in the online grade book. Students can take chapter tests and receive personal-
ized study plans based on their test results. Each study plan diagnoses weaknesses and
links the student directly to tutorial exercises for the objectives he or she needs to study
and retest. Students can also access supplemental animations and video clips directly
from selected exercises. MyMathLab Global is available to qualified adopters. For more
information, visit www.mymathlab.com/global or contact your sales representative.
MyMathLab Global is a text-specific, easily customizable online course that integrates in-
teractive multimedia instruction with textbook content. MyMathLab Global gives you the
tools you need to deliver all or a portion of your course online, whether your students
are in a lab setting or working from home. The latest version of MyMathLab Global of-
fers a new, intuitive design that features more direct access to MyMathLab Global pages
(Gradebook, Homework & Test Manager, Home Page Manager, etc.) and provides en-
hanced functionality for communicating with students and customizing courses. Other
key features include the following:
• Assessment Manager An easy-to-use assessment manager lets instructors create
online homework, quizzes, and tests that are automatically graded and correlated
directly to your textbook. Assignments can be created using a mix of questions
from the exercise bank, instructor-created custom exercises, and/or TestGen test
items.
• Grade Book Designed specifically for mathematics and statistics, the grade book au-
tomatically tracks students’ results and gives you control over how to calculate final
grades. You can also add offline (paper-and-pencil) grades to the grade book.
• Exercise Builder You can use the Exercise Builder to create static and algorithmic
exercises for your online assignments. A library of sample exercises provides an easy
starting point for creating questions, and you can also create questions from scratch.
• eText Full Integration Students who have the appropriate mobile devices can use
your eText annotations and highlights for each course, and iPad users can download
a free app that allows them access to the Do Homework, Take a Test, and Study Plan
pages of their course.
• “Ask the Publisher” Link in “Ask My Instructor” E-mail You can easily notify the
content team of any irregularities with specific questions by using the “Ask the Pub-
lisher” functionality in the “Ask My Instructor” e-mails you receive from students.
• Tracking Time Spent on Media Because the latest version of MyMathLab Global
requires students to explicitly click a “Submit” button after viewing the media for
their assignments, you will be able to track how long students are spending on each
media file.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We appreciate the following colleagues who provided feedback about the book to guide
our thoughts on this revision: Valerie R. Bencivenga, University of Texas at Austin; Burak
Dolar, Augustana College; Zhimin Huang, Adelphi University; Stephen Lich-Tyler,
University of North Carolina; Tung Liu, Ball State University; Leonard Presby, William
Paterson University; Subarna K. Samanta, The College of New Jersey; Shane Sanders,
Nicholls State University; Harold Schneider, Rider University; Sean Simpson, Westchester
Community College.
Preface 17
The authors thank Dr. Andrea Carlson, Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S.
Department of Agriculture, for her assistance in providing several major data files and
for guidance in developing appropriate research questions for exercises and case studies.
We also thank Paula Dutko and Empharim Leibtag for providing an example of complex
statistical analysis in the public sector. We also recognize the excellent work by Annie
Puciloski in finding our errors and improving the professional quality of this book.
We extend appreciation to two Stetson alumni, Richard Butcher (RELEVANT
Magazine) and Lisbeth Mendez (mortgage company), for providing real data from
their companies that we used for new examples, exercises, and case studies.
In addition, we express special thanks for continuing support from our families. Bill
Carlson especially acknowledges his best friend and wife, Charlotte, their adult children,
Andrea and Doug, and grandchildren, Ezra, Savannah, Helena, Anna, Eva Rose, and Emily.
Betty Thorne extends special thanks to her best friend and husband, Jim, and to their
family Jennie, Ann, Renee, Jon, Chris, Jon, Hannah, Leah, Christina, Jim, Wendy, Marius,
Mihaela, Cezara, Anda, and Mara Iulia. In addition, Betty acknowledges (in memory)
the support of her parents, Westley and Jennie Moore.
The authors acknowledge the strong foundation and tradition created by the origi-
nal author, Paul Newbold. Paul understood the importance of rigorous statistical analy-
sis and its foundations. He realized that there are some complex ideas that need to be
developed, and he worked to provide clear explanations of difficult ideas. In addition,
he realized that these ideas become useful only when used in realistic problem-solving
situations. Thus, many examples and many applied student exercises were included in
the early editions. We have worked to continue and expand this tradition in preparing a
book that meets the needs of future business leaders in the information age.
Pearson wish to thank and acknowledge the following people for their work on the
Global Edition:
Contributors
Tracey Holker, Department of Strategy and Applied Management, Coventry Business
School, United Kingdom
Stefania Paladini, Department of Strategy and Applied Management, Coventry Business
School, United Kingdom
Xavier Pierron, Department of Strategy and Applied Management, Coventry Business
School, United Kingdom
Reviewers
Rosie Ching Ju Mae, School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore
Patrick Kuok-Kun Chu, Department of Accounting and Information Management, FBA,
University of Macau, China
Mohamed Madi, Faculty of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University,
United Arab Emirates
18 Preface
DATA FILE INDEX
Acme LLC Earnings per Share—Exercise 16.9 Food Nutrition Atlas—Exercises 9.66, 9.67, 9.72, 9.73,
Advertising Retail—Example 13.6, Exercise 13.38 10.33, 10.34, 10.42, 10.43, 10.46, 11.92–11.96
Advertising Revenue—Exercise 11.62 Food Prices—Exercise 16.20
Anscombe—Exercise 11.68
Apple Stock Prices—Exercise 1.70 Gender and Salary—Examples 12.13, 12.14
Automobile Fuel Consumption—Chapter 12 German Import—Exercises 12.61
Case Study German Income—Exercises 13.53
Gilotti’s Pizzeria—Examples 2.8–2.10, Exercise 2.46
Beef Veal Consumption—Exercises 13.63–13.65 Gold Price—Exercises 1.27, 16.5, 16.12
Benefits Research—Example 12.60 Grade Point Averages—Examples 1.10, 2.3,
Bigfish—Exercise 9.68 Exercises 1.73, 2.9
Births Australia—Exercise 13.17 Granola—Exercise 6.84
Bishop—Exercise 1.43
Boat Production—Example 12.12 Health Care Cost Analysis—Exercises 13.66–13.68
Bottles—Exercise 6.82 HEI Cost Data Variable Subset—Examples 1.1, 1.2,
Britain Sick Leave—Exercise 13.56 2.7, 7.5, Exercises 1.8, 1.18, 7.23, 8.34, 8.35, 9.74–
Broccoli—Example 9.4 9.78, 10.51–10.58, 11.97–11.101, 12.114–12.117,
Browser Wars—Example 1.3, Exercises 1.19, 1.25 14.17, Chapter 13 Case Study
Hourly Earnings—Exercises 16.19, 16.31
Citydatr—Examples 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, Exercises 1.46, Hours—Example 14.13
11.84, 12.31, 12.100, 12.103, 12.111, 13.22, 13.60 House Selling Price—Exercises 10.4, 12.110
Closing Stock Prices—Example 14.5 Housing Starts—Exercises 1.28, 16.1, 16.6, 16.13, 16.26
Completion Times—Example 1.9, Exercises 1.7, 2.23,
2.34, 2.53, 13.6 Improve Your Score—Example 8.2
Cotton—Chapter 12 Case Study Income—Example 14.12
Crime Study—Exercise 11.69 Income Canada—Exercise 13.16
Currency-Exchange Rates—Example 1.6, Income Clusters—Example 17.5
Exercise 1.24 Indonesia Revenue—Exercise 13.52
Industrial Production Canada—Exercise 16.18
Developing Country—Exercise 12.82 Insurance—Example 1.4
Dow Jones—Exercises 11.23, 11.29, 11.37, 11.51, 11.60 Inventory Sales—Exercises 1.50, 14.49, 16.11
Earnings per Share—Exercises 1.29, 16.2, 16.7, 16.14, Japan Imports—Exercise 13.54
16.24, 16.27
East Anglica Realty Ltd—Exercise 13.29 Macro2009—Examples 1.5, 1.7, Exercise 1.22,
Economic Activity—Exercises 11.36, 11.52, 11.53, 11.85, Macro2010—Example 13.8, Exercises 11.86, 12.105,
12.81, 12.104, 13.28 13.58, 13.61, 13.62, 16.40 – 16.43
Exchange Rate—Exercises 1.49, 14.48 Market—Exercise 13.5
Mendez Mortgage—Chapter 2 Case Study, Exercises
Fargo Electronics Earnings—Exercise 16.3 7.5, 7.35, 7.36
Fargo Electronics Sales—Exercise 16.4 Metals—Exercise 13.59
Finstad and Lie Study—Exercise 1.17 Money UK—Exercises 13.14, 13.31, 13.35
Florin—Exercises 1.68, 2.25 Motors—Exercises 12.13, 12.14, 12.48, 13.21
19
New York Stock Exchange Gains and Losses— Shopping Times—Example 2.6, Exercises 1.72, 2.54
Exercises 11.24, 11.30, 11.38, 11.46 Snappy Lawn Care—Exercises 1.66, 2.41, 2.45
Staten—Exercise 12.106
Ole—Exercise 10.48 Stock Market Index—Exercise 14.50
Stock Price File—Exercises 5.101–5.105
Pension Funds—Exercise 13.15 Stordata—Exercise 1.45
Power Demand—Exercise 12.12 Storet—Exercise 10.47
Private Colleges—Exercises 11.87–11.91, 12.112, 12.113 Student Evaluation—Exercise11.61
Production Cost—Example 12.11 Student GPA—Exercises 2.48, 11.81, 12.99, 12.108
Product Sales—Exercises 16.37, 16.39 Student Pair—Exercises 8.32, 10.5
Profit Margins—Exercise 16.21 Student Performance—Exercise 12.71
Study—Exercises 2.10, 7.86
Quarterly Earnings—Exercises 16.22, 16.36, 16.38 Sugar—Exercise 7.24
Quarterly Sales—Exercise 16.23 Sugar Coated Wheat—Exercises 6.83, 8.14
Sun—Exercises 1.39, 2.11
Rates—Exercise 2.24
RELEVANT Magazine—Examples 1.8, 2.19, Teacher Rating—Exercise 12.92
Exercises 1.71, 14.51 Tennis—Exercise 1.15
Retail Sales—Examples 11.2, 11.3, 13.13 Thailand Consumption—Exercises 13.18, 13.36
Return on Stock Price, 60 months—Examples 5.17, TOC—Exercise 7.45
11.5, Exercises 5.104, 5.106, 11.63 – 11.67 Trading Volume—Exercise 16.25
Returns—Exercise 1.38 Trucks—Example 7.4
Rising Hills—Example 11.1 Turkey Feeding—Examples 10.1, 10.4
Introduction
What are the projected sales of a new product? Will the cost of Google shares
continue to increase? Who will win the next presidential election? How sat-
isfied were you with your last purchase at Starbucks, Best Buy, or Sports
Authority? If you were hired by the National Nutrition Council of the United
States, how would you determine if the Council’s guidelines on consumption
of fruit, vegetables, snack foods, and soft drinks are being met? Do people
who are physically active have healthier diets than people who are not physi-
cally active? What factors (perhaps disposable income or federal funds) are
significant in forecasting the aggregate consumption of durable goods? What
effect will a 2% increase in interest rates have on residential investment? Do
21
Czarniecki saapui ensimmäisenä toiselle rannalle, mutta veden
vielä valuessa hänestä saapui hänen luokseen jo koko laudalainen
rykmentti. Kastellaani kohotti komentosauvan ja huusi
Wolodyjowskille:
— Eteenpäin! Lyö!
— Noitten jälkeen!
Sivulta kajahti äkkiä uusia huutoja. Wasowicz oli päässyt sillan yli
ja hyökkäsi nyt. Se teki pian lopun taistelusta.
Nyt hän ei jaksanut hillitä riemua, joka täytti hänen mielensä, vaan
kääntyi vierellään ratsastavan Lubomirskin puoleen ja puhui:
— Oliko taistelua?
— Antakaa kirjeet!
— Palvelukseksenne!
— Kun minä en ole siellä, niin ei ole ketään, joka saisi hänet
pysymään kohtuuden rajoissa! — huomautti Zagloba.
— Jatkakaa!
— Babinicz siis tuo sen tiedon, mutta vojevoda sanoo siihen: "Ne
vain ovat hyökkäävinään! Eivät ne ryhdy mihinkään. Pikemminkin
(sanoo) ne menevät Veikselin yli, mutta pidän heitä silmällä ja
hyökkään siinä tapauksessa itse. Nyt (sanoo) älkäämme antako
häiritä iloamme!" Alamme silloin syödä ja juoda. Soittokunta rupeaa
soittamaan, ja itse vojevoda ottaa osaa tanssiin…
— Kyllä minä hänet tanssitan! — keskeytti Zagloba.
Charlamp katseli silmät selällään ja suu auki, oli vähän aikaa vaiti
ja sanoi sitten:
— Tuli ilta. Sotajoukko oli valmiina, mutta johtajalla oli taas kemut.
Aamulla aikaisin kulkivat ruotsalaiset toisen sillan yli, jonka olivat
rakentaneet alemmaksi, ja tekivät heti hyökkäyksen. Äärimmäisenä
seisoi joukkoineen herra Koszyc, hyvä soturi. Tämä piti puoliaan.
Avuksi hänelle riensivät lähinnä olevat vapaaehtoiset, mutta kun
heitä alettiin ampua tykillä, niin he lähtivät käpälämäkeen. Herra
Koszyc kaatui, ja hänen joukkonsa kärsi pahasti. Mutta
vapaaehtoiset syöksyivät leiriin ja saivat aikaan yleisen hämmingin.
Kaikki rykmentit, jotka olivat valmiina, lähtivät vihollista vastaan,
mutta emme saaneet mitään aikaan ja menetimme tykit. Jos
kuninkaalla olisi ollut enemmän jalkaväkeä ja tykkejä, olisimme
kärsineet vakavan tappion, mutta onneksi oli suurin osa jalkaväkeä
ja tykit lähetetty yöllä pois proomuilla, mistä meillä myöskään ei ollut
mitään tietoa.
Mutta herra Michal oli ennen kaikkea sotilas, ja hän tulistui tästä
ehdotuksesta.