NCERT LINE BY LINE PHYSICS - 9163681973

CHAPTER

MECHANICAL
11 PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
9.1 & 9.2 INTRODUCTION & PRESSURE
1. ______ and ______ play the same role in case of fluids as force and mass play in case of solids
(a) Thrust and density (b) Pressure and density NCERT Page-251/N-181
(c) Pressure and thrust (d) Thrust and volume
2. The two thigh bones, each of cross-sectional area 10 cm2 support the upper part of a human body of mass
40 kg. Estimate the average pressure sustained by the bones. Take 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 NCERT Page-251/N-181
(a) 2 × 105 N/m2 (b) 5 × 104 N/m2
(c) 2 × 107 N/m2 (d) 3 × 106 N/m2
3. A vessel containing water is given a constant acceleration ' 𝑎 ' towards the right along a straight horizontal
path. Which of the following diagrams represents the surface of the liquid? NCERT Page-251/N-181
(a) (b)

(c) (d) None of these

4. Liquid pressure depends upon NCERT Page-253/N-182, 183

(a) area of the liquid surface (b) shape of the liquid surface
(c) height of the liquid column (d) directions
5. The pressure at the bottom of a tank containing a liquid does not depend on NCERT Page-253/N-182, 183
(a) acceleration due to gravity (b) height of the liquid column
(c) area of the bottom surface (d) nature of the liquid
6. The force acting on a window of area 50 cm × 50 cm of a submarine at a depth of 2000 m in an ocean,
interior of which is maintained at sea level atmospheric pressure is (Density of sea water =
103 kgm−3 , g = 10 ms −2 ) NCERT( Page-253 / N-182, 183
6 5 6
(a) 10 N (b) 5 × 10 N (c) 25 × 10 N (d) 5 × 106 N
7. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift vehicles of mass 5000 kg. The area of cross-section of the
cylinder carrying the load is 250 cm2 . The maximum pressure the smaller piston would have to bear is
[Assume g = 10 m/s 2 ]: NCERT Page-256 / N-185
(a) 200 × 10+6 Pa (b) 20 × 10+6 Pa (c) 2 × 10+6 Pa (d) 2 × 10+5 Pa
8. A boy can reduce the pressure in his lungs to 750 mm of mercury. Using a straw he can drink water from a
glass upto the maximum depth of (atmospheric pressure = 760 mm of mercury; density of mercury =
13.6gcm−3 ) NCERT Page-253/N-182, 183
(a) 13.6 cm (b) 9.8 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 76 cm
9. What is the absolute pressure of the gas above the liquid surface in the tank shown in fig. Density of oil =
820 kg/m3 , density of mercury = 13.6 × 103 kg/m3 . Given 1 atmospheric pressure = 1.01 × 105 N/m2 .

(a) 3.81 × 105 N/m2 (b) 6 × 106 N/m2 NCERT Page-254 /𝐍 − 𝟏𝟖𝟐, 𝟏𝟖𝟑
7 2 2 2
(c) 5 × 10 N/m (d) 4.6 × 10 N/m
10. Figure shows a U-tube of uniform cross-sectional area A, accelerated with acceleration 𝑎 as shown. If 𝑑 is
the separation between the limbs, then what is the difference in the levels of the liquid in the U-tube is

ad 𝑎𝑔 a dg
(a) (b) (c) d (d) NCERT Page-254/N-182, 183
𝑔 𝑑 a
11. Hydraulic lifts and hydraulic brakes are based on NCERT Page-255 / N-185
(a) Archimedes' principle (b) Bernoulli's principle
(c) Stoke's law (d) Pascal's law
12. Pressure applied to enclosed fluid is NCERT Page-252 / N-182
(a) increased and applied to every part of the fluid.
(b) diminished and transmitted to wall of container.
(c) increased in proportion to the mass of the fluid and then transmitted
(d) transmitted unchanged to every portion of the fluid and wall of containing vessel.
13. In a hydraulic lift, compressed air exerts a force 𝐹1 on a small piston having a radius of 5 cm. This pressure
is transmitted to a second piston of radius 15 cm. If the mass of the load to be lifted is 1350 kg, find the
value of 𝐹1 ? The pressure necessary to accomplish this task is NCERT Page-256 / N-185
5 5 5
(a) 1.4 × 10 Pa (b) 2 × 10 Pa (c) 1.9 × 10 Pa (d) 1.9 Pa
14. A pressure-pump has a horizontal tube of cross sectional area 10 cm2 for the outflow of water at a speed
of 20 m/s. The force exerted on the vertical wall just in front of the tube which stops water horizontally
flowing out of the tube, is: NCERT Page-256
[given: density of water = 1000 kg/m3 ]
(a) 300 N (b) 500 N (c) 250 N (d) 400 N

15. Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross-sectional area 16 cm2 contain water upto heights 100 cm and
150 cm respectively. The vessels are interconnected so that the water levels in them become equal. The
work done by the force of gravity during the process, is
[Take density of water = 103 kg/m3 and 𝑔 = 10 ms −2 ] NCERT Page-254
(a) 0.25 J
(b) 1 J
(c) 8 J
(d) 12 J

9.3 STREAMLINE FLOW

16. Beyond the critical speed, the flow of fluids becomes NCERT Page-257/N-186
(a) streamline
(b) turbulent
(c) steady
(d) very slow
17. Streamline flow is more likely for liquids with NCERT Page-257/N-186
(a) high density and low viscosity
(b) low density and high viscosity
(c) high density and high viscosity
(d) low density and low viscosity
18. For flow of a fluid to be turbulent NCERT Page-257, 264/N-186
(a) fluid should have high density
(b) velocity should be large
(c) reynold number should be less than 2000
(d) both (a) and (b)
19. In which flow the velocity of fluid particles reaching a particular point is same at all time?
(a) vigrous flow NCERT Page-257/ N-186
(b) steady flow
(c) turbulant flow
(d) None of these
20. Figure shows a liquid flowing through a tube at the rate of 0.1 m3 /s. The tube is branched into two
semicircular tubes of cross-sectional area 𝐴/3 and 2𝐴/3. The velocity of liquid at Q is (the cross-section of
the main tube is 𝐴 = 10−2 m2 and 𝑣𝑃 = 20 m/s ) NCERT Page-257 / N-187
(a) 5 m/s
(b) 30 m/s
(c) 35 m/s
(d) None of these
21. Oil is filled in a cylindrical container upto height 4 m. A small hole of area ' 𝑝 ' is punched in the wall of the
𝑝
container at a height 1.52 m from the bottom. The crosssectional area of the container is 𝑄. If 𝑞 = 0.1
then 𝑣 is (where 𝑣 is the velocity of oil coming out of the hole) NCERT Page-257/ N-187
(a) 5√2
(b) 6√3
(c) 8√2
(d) 7√5
22. In the figure, the velocity 𝑉3 will be NCERT Page-257 / N-187
(a) Zero
(b) 4 ms−1
(c) 1 ms−1
(d) 3 ms−1

9.4 BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE

23. In Bernoulli's theorem which of the following is conserved? NCERT Page-259 / N-187
(a) Mass
(b) Linear momentum
(c) Energy
(d) Angular momentum
24. A liquid is allowed to flow into a tube of truncated cone shape. Identify the correct statement from the
following: NCERT Page-257 / N-187
(a) the speed is high at the wider end and high at the narrow end.
(b) the speed is low at the wider end and high at the narrow end.
(c) the speed is same at both ends in a stream line flow.
(d) the liquid flows with uniform velocity in the tube.
25. Water flows through a frictionless tube with a varying cross-section as shown in fig. Pressure 𝑃 at points
along the axis is represented by NCERT Page-259/N-188

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
26. A wide vessel with a small hole at the bottom is filled with water (density 𝜌1 , height ℎ1 ) and kerosene
(density 𝜌2 , height ℎ2 ). Neglecting viscosity effects, the speed with which water flows out is :
(a) [2𝑔(ℎ1 + ℎ2 )]1/2 NCERT Page-259/N-188
1/2
(b) [2𝑔(ℎ1 𝜌1 + ℎ2 𝜌2 )]
1/2
(c) [2 g(ℎ1 + ℎ2 (𝜌2 /𝜌1 ))]
1/2
(d) [2𝑔(ℎ1 + ℎ2 (𝜌1 /𝜌2 ))]
27. Consider a cylindrical tank of radius 1 m is filled with water. The top surface of water is at 15 m from the
bottom of the cylinder. There is a hole on the wall of cylinder at a height of 5 m from the bottom: A force
of 5 × 105 N is applied on the top surface of water using a piston. The speed of efflux from the hole will
be :
(given atmospheric pressure PA = 1.01 × 105 Pa, density of water 𝜌w = 1000 kg/m3 and gravitational
acceleration g = 10 m/s2 ) NCERT Page-260/N-189

(a) 11.6 m/s (b) 10.8 m/s (c) 17.8 m/s (d) 14.4 m/s
28. Water flows in a horizontal tube (see figure). The pressure of water changes by 700Nm−2 between 𝐴 and
𝐵 where the area of cross section are 40 cm2 and 20 cm2 , respectively. Find the rate of flow of water
through the tube. (density of water = 1000kgm−3 ) NCERT Page-260 /𝐍 − 𝟏𝟖𝟗

(a) 3020 cm3 /s (b) 2720 cm3 /s (c) 2420 cm3 /s (d) 1810 cm3 /s
29. A liquid is filled upto a height of 20 cm in a cylindrical vessel. The speed of liquid coming out of a small
hole at the bottom of the vessel is (g = 10 ms −2 ) NCERT Page-260 / N-189
−1 −1 −1
(a) 1.2 ms (b) 1 ms (c) 2 ms (d) 3.2 ms −1
30. In the diagram shown, the difference in the two tubes of the manometer is 5 cm, the cross section of the
tube at 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 6 mm2 and 10 mm2 respectively. The rate at which water flows through the tube is
(g = 10 ms−2 ) NCERT Page-259 / N-188

(a) 7.5cc/s (b) 8.0cc/s (c) 10.0cc/s (d) 12.5cc/s

31. Air flows horizontally with a speed v = 106 km/hr. A house has plane roof of area 𝐴 = 20 m2 . The
magnitude of aerodynamic lift of the roof is NCERT Page-259 / N-188
4
(a) 1.127 × 10 N
(c) 1.127 × 105 N
(b) 5.0 × 104 N
(d) 3.127 × 104 N
32. A wind with speed 40 m/s blows parallel to the roof of a house. The area of the roof is 250 m2 . Assuming
that the pressure inside the house is atmospheric pressure, the force exerted by the wind on the roof and
the direction of the force will be (𝜌air = 1.2 kg/m3 ) NCERT Page-259 / N-188
5
(a) 4.8 × 10 N, upwards
(c) 2.4 × 105 N, downwards
(b) 2.4 × 105 N, upwards
(d) 4.8 × 105 N, downwards

9.5 VISCOSITY
33. As the temperature of a liquid is raised, the coefficient of viscosity NCERT Page-262/N-191
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains the same
(d) may increase or decrease depending on the nature of liquid
34. A boat with base area 8 m2 floating on the surface of a still river is intended to move with a constant
speed of 2 m/s by the application of a horizontal force. If the river bed is 2 m deep find the force needed,
(assuming a constant velocity gradient) Coefficient of viscosity of water is 0.90 × 10−2 poise.
(a) 720 dyne NCERT Page-262 / N-191
(b) 620 dyne
(c) 520 dyne
(d) 360 dyne
35. The relative velocity of two parallel layers of water is 8 cm/sec. If the perpendicular distance between the
layers is 0.1 cm. Then velocity gradient will be NCERT Page-262 / N-191
(a) 80/sec
(b) 60/sec
(c) 50/sec
(d) 40/sec
36. The velocity of water in a river is 18 km/hr near the surface. If the river is 5 m deep, find the shearing
stress between the horizontal layers of water. The co-efficient of viscosity of water = 10−2 poise.
(a) 10−1 N/m2 NCERT Page-262 / N-191
−2 2
(b) 10 N/m
(c) 10−3 N/m2
(d) 10−4 N/m2
37. After terminal velocity is reached, Acceleration of a body falling through a fluid is NCERT Page-264/N-192
(a) equal to 𝑔 NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(b) zero
 (c) less than 𝑔
(d) greater than 𝑔
38. According to stokes law, the relation between terminal velocity (𝑣𝑡 ) and viscosity of the medium (n) is
(a) 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑛 NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(b) 𝑣𝑡 ∝ 𝑛
1
(c) 𝑣𝑡 ∝ 𝑛
(d) 𝑣𝑡 is independent of 𝑛.
39. Terminal velocity of ball depends on NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(a) area of the ball
(b) density of liquid only
(c) density of ball only
(d) density difference of liquid and ball
40. A spherical solid ball of volume 𝑉 is made of a material of density 𝜌1 . It is falling through a liquid of density
𝜌2 (𝜌2 < 𝜌1 ). Assume that the liquid applies a viscous force on the ball that is proportional to the square of
its speed 𝑣, i.e., Fviscous = −𝑘𝑣 2 (𝑘 > 0). The terminal speed of the ball is NCERT Page-264 / N-192
𝑉𝑔(𝜌1 −𝜌2 )
(a) √ 𝑘
𝑉𝑔𝜌1
(b) 𝑘
𝑉𝑔𝜌1
(c) √ 𝑘
𝑉𝑔(𝜌1 −𝜌2 )
(d) 𝑘
41. When a ball is released from rest in a very long column of viscous liquid, its downward acceleration is ' 𝑎 '
(just after release). Its acceleration when it has acquired two third of the maximum velocity is 𝑎/𝑋. Find
the value of 𝑋. NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
42. A ball of radius 𝑟 and density 𝜌 falls freely under gravity through a distance ℎ before entering water.
Velocity of ball does not change even on entering water. If viscosity of water is 𝜂 the value of ℎ is given by

2 1−𝜌 2 𝜌−1
(a) 9 𝑟 2 ( )𝑔 (b) 81 𝑟 2 ( )𝑔 NCERT Page-264 / N-192
𝜂 𝜂
2 4 𝜌−1 2 2 4 𝜌−1 2
(c) 𝑟 ( 𝜂 ) 𝑔 (d) 𝑟 ( 𝜂 ) 𝑔
81 9
43. An air bubble of negligible weight having radius 𝑟 rises steadily through a solution of density 𝜎 at speed 𝑣.
The coefficient of viscosity of the solution is given by: NCERT Page-264 / N-192
4r𝜎g 4r2 𝜎g 2𝜋𝑟 2 𝜎𝑔 2𝑟 2 𝜎𝑔
(a) 𝜂 = (b) 𝜂 = (c) 𝜂 = (d) 𝜂 =
9v 9v 9𝑣 3𝜋𝑣
44. If a ball of steel (density 𝜌 = 7.8 g cm−3 ) attains a terminal velocity of 10cms −1 when falling in a tank of
water (coefficient of viscosity 𝜂water = 8.5 × 10−4 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠 ) then its terminal velocity in glycerine
(𝜌 = 12gcm−3 , 𝜂 = 13.2 Pa − 𝑠) would be nearly NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(a) 1.6 × 10−5 cms−1 (b) 6.25 × 10−4 cms −1
(c) 6.45 × 10−4 cms −1 (d) 1.5 × 10−5 cms −1
45. A solid ball of volume 𝑉 experiences a viscous force 𝐹 when falling with a speed 𝑣 in a liquid. If another
ball of volume 8 V with the same velocity 𝑣 is allowed to fall in the same liquid, it experiences a force
(a) F NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(b) 16 F
(c) 4 F
(d) 2 F
46. What is the velocity 𝑣 of a metallic ball of radius 𝑟 falling in a tank of liquid at the instant when its
acceleration is onehalf that of a freely falling body? (The densities of metal and of liquid are 𝜌 and 𝜎
respectively, and the viscosity of the liquid is 𝜂 ). NCERT Page-264 / N-192
𝑟2𝑔
(a) (𝜌 − 2𝜎)
9𝜂
𝑟 2𝑔
(b) (2𝜌 − 𝜎)
9𝜂
𝑟 2𝑔
(c) (𝜌 − 𝜎)
9𝜂
2𝑟 2 𝑔
(d) (𝜌 − 𝜎)
9𝜂
47. A spherical ball of iron of radius 2 mm is falling through a column of glycerine. If densities of glycerine and
iron are respectively 1.3 × 103 kg/m3 and 8 × 103 kg/m3 . 𝜂 for glycerine = 0.83Nm−2 sec, then the
terminal velocity is NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(a) 0.7 m/s
(b) 0.07 m/s
(c) 0.007 m/s
(d) 0.0007 m/s
48. A small spherical ball falling through a viscous medium of negligible density has terminal velocity 𝑣.
Another ball of the same mass but of radius twice that of the earlier falling through the same viscous
medium will have terminal velocity NCERT Page-264 / N-192
(a) v
(b) v/4
(c) v/2
(d) 2v

9.6 SURFACE TENSION

49. Kerosene oil rises up in a wick of a lantern because of NCERT Page-268, 269 / N-196, 197
(a) diffusion of the oil through the wick
(b) capillary action
(c) buoyant force of air
(d) the gravitational pull of the wick
50. For a given volume which of the following will have minimum energy? NCERT Page-265 / N-193
(a) Cube (b) Cone
(c) Sphere (d) All have same energy
51. Surface tension may be defined as NCERT Page-266 / N-194
(a) the work done per unit area in increasing the surface area of a liquid under isothermal conditions
(b) the work done per unit area in increasing the surface area of a liquid under adiabatic conditions
(c) the work done per unit area in increasing the surface area of a liquid under adiabatic conditions
(d) free surface energy per unit volume
52. Which of the following graph represents the variation of surface tension with temperature over small
temperature ranges for water? NCERT Page-267 / N-195
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

53. Drops of liquid of density 𝜌 are floating half immersed in a liquid of density 𝜎. If the surface tension of
liquid is 𝑇, the radius of the drop will NCERT Page-266 / N-194
3𝑇 6𝑇 3𝑇 3𝑇
(a) √𝑔(3𝑝−𝜎) (b) √𝑔(2𝜌−𝜎) (c) √𝑔(2𝜌−𝜎) (d) √𝑔(4𝜌−3𝜎)
54. A beaker of radius 15 cm is filled with a liquid of surface tension 0.075 N/m. Force across an imaginary
diameter on the surface of the liquid is NCERT Page-266 / N-194
−2
(a) 0.075 N (b) 1.5 × 10 N (c) 0.225 N (d) 2.25 × 10−2 N
55. A water film is formed between two straight parallel wires of 10 cm length 0.5 cm apart. If the distance
between wires is increased by 1 mm. What will be the work done?
(surface tension of water ≡ 72 dyne /cm ) NCERT Page-266 / N-194
(a) 36erg (b) 288erg (c) 144erg (d) 72 erg
−2
56. A soap film of surface tension 3 × 10 . formed in a rectangular frame cam
support a straw as shown in Fig. If g = 10 ms−12, the mass of the straw is
NCERT Page-266 / N-194
(a) 0.006 g (b) 0.06 g (c) 0.6 g (d) 6 g

57. The surface tension of water is 75 dyne/cm. Find the minimum vertical force
required to pull a thin wire ring up (refer figure) if it is initially resting on a horizontal
water surface. The circumference of the ring is 20 cm and its weight is 0.1 N:
NCERT Page-266 / N-194
(a) 0.125 N (b) 0.225 N (c) 0.115 N (d) 0.130 N
58. On heating water, bubbles being formed at the bottom of the vessel detach and rise.
Take the bubbles to be spheres of radius 𝑅 and making a circular contact of radius 𝑟
with the bottom of the vessel. If 𝑟 ≪ 𝑅 and the surface tension of water is 𝑇, value of
𝑟 just before bubbles detach is: (density of water is 𝜌w ) NCERT Page-266 / N-194
𝜌 𝑔 2𝜌𝑤 𝑔 𝜌𝑤 𝑔 3𝜌𝑤 𝑔
(a) 𝑅 2 √ 3𝑇
𝑤
(b) 𝑅 2 √ (c) 𝑅 2 √ (d) 𝑅 2 √
3𝑇 𝑇 𝑇

59. A thin liquid film formed between a U-shaped wire and a light slider supports a weight of 1.5 × 10−2 N
(see figure). The length of the slider is 30 cm and its weight negligible. The surface tension of the liquid
film is NCERT Page-267/N-195
(a) 0.0125Nm−1
(b) 0.1Nm−1
(c) 0.05Nm−1
(d) 0.025Nm−1
60. Surface tension of a liquid is due to NCERT Page-269/N-197
(a) gravitational force between molecules
(b) electrical force between molecules
(c) adhesive force between molecules
(d) cohesive force between molecules
61. If a water drop is kept between two glass plates, then its shape is NCERT Page-267/N-195
(a) (b)

(c) (d) None of these

62. Let 𝑇1 be surface tension between solid and air, 𝑇2 be the surface tension between solid and liquid and T
be the surface tension between liquid and air. Then in equilibrium, for a drop of liquid on a clean glass
plate, the relation is___ (𝜃 is angle of contact) NCERT Page-267/N-195

𝑇 𝑇
(a) cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑇 +𝑇 (b) cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑇 −𝑇
1 2 1 2
𝑇 +𝑇 𝑇 −𝑇
(c) cos⁡ 𝜃 = 1 𝑇 2 d) cos⁡ 𝜃 = 1 𝑇 2
63. A drop of oil is placed on the surface of water. Which of the following is correct? NCERT Page-267 / N-195
(a) It will remain on it as a sphere
(b) It will spread as a thin layer
(c) It will partly be a spherical droplet and partly a thin film
(d) It will float as a distorted drop on the water surface
64. Due to capillary action, a liquid will rise in a tube if angle of contact is NCERT Pagé-267/N-195
(a) acute
(b) obtuse
(c) 90∘
(d) zero
65. With the increase in temperature, the angle of contact NCERT Page-267, 268 / N-195, 196
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains constant
(d) sometimes increases and sometimes decreases
66. If a soap bubble formed at the end of the tube is blown very slowly, then the graph between excess
pressure inside the bubble with time will be a NCERT Page-268 / N-196
(a) straight line sloping up
(b) straight line sloping down
(c) parabolic curve sloping down
(d) parabolic curve sloping up
67. If two soap bubbles of different radii are in communication with each other then NCERT Page-268 / N-196
a) air flows from the larger bubble into the smaller one until the two bubbles are of equal size
b) the size of the bubbles remains the same
c) air flows from the smaller bubble into the larger one and the larger one grows at the expense of the
smaller one
d) the air flows from the larger into the smaller bubble until the radius of the smaller one becomes equal
to that of the larger one and of the larger one equal to that of the smaller one.
68. Two water droplets merge with each other to form a larger droplet. In this process NCERT Page-268/N-196
(a) energy is liberated
(b) energy is absorbed
(c) energy is neither liberated nor absorbed
(d) some mass is converted into energy
69. Which of the following expressions represents the excess of pressure inside the soap bubble?
𝑠
(a) 𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑜 = 𝑟 NCERT Page-268 / N-196
2𝑠
(b) 𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃0 = 𝑟
2s
(c) Pi − Po = + h𝜌g
r
4𝑠
(d) 𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑜 = 𝑟
70. A drop of liquid pf density 𝜌 is floating half immersed in a liquid of density 𝜎 and surface tension
7.5 × 10−4 Ncm−1 . The radius of drop in cm will be : (Take : g = 10 m/s 2 ) NCERT Page-268/N-196
15
(a)
√2𝑝−𝜎
15
(b)
√𝜌−𝜎
3
(c) 2
√𝜌−𝜎
3
(d)
20√2𝑝−𝜎
71. The work done in increasing the size of a soap film from 10 cm × 6 cm to 10 cm × 11 cm is 3 × 10−4 J.
The surface tension of the film is NCERT Page-266 / N-194
−2
(a) 11 × 10 N/m
(c) 3 × 10−2 N/m
(b) 6 × 10−2 N/m
(d) 1.5 × 10−2 N/m
72. A mercury drop of radius 1 cm is sprayed into 106 drops of equal size. The energy expressed in joule is
(surface tension of Mercury is 460 × 10−3 N/m ) NCERT Page-266 / N-194
(a) 0.057
(b) 5.7
(c) 5.7 × 10−4
(d) 5.7 × 10−6
73. Work done in increasing the size of a soap bubble from radius 3 cm to 5 cm is nearly (surface tension of
soap solution = 0.03Nm−1 ) NCERT Page-266/N-194
(a) 0.2𝜋mJ
(b) 2𝜋mJ
(c) 0.4𝜋mJ
(d) 4𝜋mJ
74. Two small drops of mercury each of radius 𝑅 coalesce to form a single large drop. The ratio of total surface
energy before and after the change is : NCERT Page-266 / N-194
1
(a) 23 : 1
1
(b) 1: 23
(c) 2: 1
(d) 1: 2
75. An isolated and charged spherical soap bubble has a radius 𝑟 and the pressure inside is atmospheric. If 𝑇 is
the surface tension of soap solution, then charge on drop is 𝑋𝜋𝑟√2𝑟𝑇𝜀0 then find the value of X.
(a) 8 NCERT Page-268 / N-196
(b) 9
(c) 7
(d) 2
76. A glass tube of uniform internal radius (𝑟) has a valve separating the two identical ends. Initially, the valve
is in a tightly closed position. End 1 has a hemispherical soap bubble of radius 𝑟. End 2 has sub-
hemispherical soap bubble as shown in figure. Just after opening the valve NCERT Page-268 N-196

(a) air from end 1 flows towards end 2. No change in the volume of the soap bubbles
(b) air from end 1 flows towards end 2. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 decreases
(c) no change occurs
(d) air from end 2 flows towards end 1. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 increases
77. The lower end of a capillary tube of radius 𝑟 is placed vertically in water. Then, with the rise of water in the
capilllary, heat evolved is: NCERT Page-269 / N-197
𝜋2 𝑟 2 ℎ2 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ2 𝑑𝑔 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ2 𝑑𝑔 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ2 𝑑𝑔
(a) + 𝑑𝑔 (b) + (c) − (d) −
𝐽 2𝐽 2𝐽 𝐽
78. A glass capillary tube of inner diameter 0.28 mm is lowered vertically into water in a vessel. The pressure
to be applied on the water in the tube so that water level in the tube is same as that in the vessel in N/m2
is (surface tension of water = 0.07 N/m, atmospheric pressure = 105 N/m2 ) NCERT Page-269 / N-197
(a) 103 (b) 99 × 103 (c) 100 × 103 (d) 101 × 103
79. A 20 cm long capillary tube is dipped in water. The water rises up to 8 cm. If the entire arrangement is put
in a freely falling elevator the length of water column in the capillary tube will be NCERT Page-269/N-197
(a) 10 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 4 cm
80. In a capillary tube, water rises to 3 mm. The height of water that will rise in another capillary tube having
one-third radius of the first is NCERT Page-269 / N-197
(a) 1 mm (b) 3 mm (c) 6 mm (d) 9 mm
81. In a surface tension experiment with a capillary tube water rises upto 0.1 m. If the same
experiment is repeated on an artificial satellite, which is revolving around the earth, water will rise in the
capillary tube upto a height of NCERT Page-269 / N-197
(a) 0.1 m (b) 0.2 m (c) 0.98 m (d) full length of the capillary tube
82. Water rises in a capillary tube to a certain height such that the upward force due to surface tension is
balanced by 7.5 × 10−4 N force due to the weight of the liquid. If the surface tension of water is
6 × 10−2 Nm−1 , the inner circumference of the capillary tube must be NCERT Page-269 / N-197
−2 −2 −2
(a) 1.25 × 10 m (b) 0.50 × 10 m (c) 6.5 × 10 m (d) 12.5 × 10−2 m
83. Radius of a capillary tube is 2 × 10−3 m. A liquid of weight 6.28 × 10−4 N may remain in the capillary then
the surface tension of liquid will be NCERT Page-269/ N-197
3 −2
(a) 5 × 10 N/m (b) 5 × 10 N/m c) 5 N/m (d) 50 N/m
84. If the surface tension of water is 0.06Nm , then the capillary rise in a tube of diameter 1 mm is (𝜃 = 0∘ )
−1

(a) 1.22 cm NCERT Page-269 / N-197

(b) 2.44 cm
(c) 3.12 cm
(d) 3.68 cm
2𝑆cos⁡ 𝜃
85. The height upto which liquid rises in a capillary tube is given by ℎ = ℎ𝜌𝑔 this is for which of the
following cases, water will be depressed in such a tube? NCERT Page-269 / N-197
(a) 𝜃 is acute (b) 𝜃 is a right angle (c) 𝜃 is zero (d) 𝜃 is obtuse
86. Two capillary tubes A and B of diameter 1 mm and 2 mm respectively are dipped vertically in a liquid. If
the capillary rise in 𝐴 is 6 cm, then the capillary rise in 𝐵 is NCERT Page-269 / N-197
(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 6 cm
87. Water rises to a height of 10 cm in capillary tube and mercury falls to a depth of 3.1 cm in the same
capillary tube. If the density of mercury is 13.6 and the angle of contact for mercury is 135∘ , the
approximate ratio of surface tensions of water and mercury is NCERTPage-269 / N-197
(a) 1: 0.15 (b) 1: 3 (c) 1: 6 (d) 1.5: 1
88. In a capillary rise experiment, the water level rises to a height of 5 cm. If the same capillary tube is placed
in water such that only 3 cm of the tube projects outside the water level, then NCERT Page-269/N-197
(a) water will begin to overflow through the capillary (b) angle of contact decreases
(c) angle of contact increases (d) the meniscus completely vanishes
 Exercise 2: NCERT Exemplar & Past Years NEET
NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS
1. A tall cylinder is filled with viscous oil. A round pebble is dropped from the top with zero initial velocity.
From the plot shown in figure, indicate the one that represents the velocity (𝑣) of the pebble as a function
of time (𝑡). NCERT Page-264/N-192
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

2. Which of the following diagrams does not represent a streamline flow? NCERT Page-258 / N-188
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

3. Along a streamline, NCERT Page-257 / N-187

(a) the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant
(b) the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given position is constant
(c) the velocity of all fluid particles at a given instant is constant
(d) the speed of a fluid particle remains constant
4. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe of circular cross-section made of two sections with diameters 2.5 cm
and 3.75 cm. The ratio of the velocities in the two pipes is NCERT Page-257 / N-187
(a) 9: 4 (b) 3: 2 (c) √3: √2 (d) √2: √3
5. The angle of contact at the interface of water-glass is 0 , ethyl alcohol-glass is 0∘ , mercury-glass is 140∘
∘

and methyliodide-glass is 30∘ . A glass capillary is put in a trough containing one of these four liquids. It is
observed that the meniscus is convex. The liquid in the trough is NCERT Page-267 / N-195
(a) water (b) ethylalcohol (c) mercury (d) methyliodide
 PAST YEARS NEET
6. Water rises to a height ' ℎ ' in a capillary tube. If the length of capaillary tube above the surface of water is
made less than ' ℎ ' then : NCERT Page-269 / 𝑵-197| |AIPMTS 2015, C
(a) water rises upto the top of capillary tube and stays there without overflowing
(b) water rises upto a point a little below the top and stays there
(c) water does not rise at all.
(d) Water rises upto the tip of capillary tube and then starts overflowing like fountain.
7. The cylindrical tube of a spray pump has radius, 𝑅, one end of which has 𝑛 fine holes, each of radius 𝑟. If
the speed of the liquid in the tube is V, the speed of the ejection of the liquid through the holes is :
VR2
(a) NCERT Page-257/N-187|AIPMT( 2015, C
nr2
VR2
(b) n3r2
V2 R
(c)
nr
VR2
(d) n2r2
8. A U tube with both ends open to the atmosphere, is partially filled with water. Oil, which is immiscible
with water, is poured into one side until it stands at a distance of 10 mm above the water level on the
other side. Meanwhile the water rises by 65 mm from its original level (see diagram). The density of the
oil is NCERT Page-254/N-183, 184 | NEET 2017, S

(a) 425 kg m−3 (b) 800 kg m−3 (c) 928 kg m−3 (d) 650 kg m−3

9. A small sphere of radius ' 𝑟 ' falls from rest in a viscous liquid. As a result, heat is produced due to viscous
force. The rate of production of heat when the sphere attains its terminal velocity, is proportional to
(a) 𝑟 3 NCERT Page-264/N-192|WEETI 2018, C
2
(b) 𝑟
(c) 𝑟 4
(d) 𝑟 5
10. A small hole of area of cross-section 2 mm2 is present near the bottom of a fully filled open tank of height
2 m. Taking g = 10 m/s2 , the rate of flow of water through the open hole would be nearly:
(a) 12.6 × 10−6 m3 /s NCERT Page-260 / N-189 । NEET( 2019, A
(b) 8.9 × 10−6 m3 /s
(c) 2.23 × 10−6 m3 /s
(d) 6.4 × 10−6 m3 /s
11. A soap bubble, having radius of 1 mm, is blown from a detergent solution having a surface tension of
2.5 × 10−2 N/m. The pressure inside the bubble equals at a point 𝑍0 below the free surface of water in a
container. Taking 𝑔 = 10 m/s 2 , density of water = 103 kg/m3 , the value of 𝑍0 is:
(a) 100 cm NCERT Page-268 / N-196| NEET( 2019, 𝑺
(b) 10 cm
(c) 1 cm
(d) 0.5 cm
12. A capillary tube of radius 𝑟 is immersed in water and water rises in it to a height ℎ. The mass of the water
in the capillary is 5 g. Another capillary tube of radius 2r is immersed in water. The mass of water that will
rise in this tube is : NCERT Page-269/ N-197 | | NEET 2020, A
(a) 5.0 g
(b) 10.0 g
(c) 20.0 g
(d) 2.5 g
13. The velocity of a small ball of mass 𝑀 and density 𝑑, when dropped in a container filled with glycerine
𝑑
becomes constant after some time. If the density of glycerine is 2 , then the viscous force acting on the ball
will be NCERT Page-264 / N-192 | NEET/ 2021, S
(a) 2Mg
𝑀𝑔
(b) 2
(c) Mg
3
(d) 2 𝑀𝑔
14. A spherical ball is dropped in a long column of a highly viscous liquid. The curve in the graph shown, which
represents the speed of the ball (𝑣) as a function of time (t) is: NCERT Page-264/N-192 | NEET 2022, S

(a) B (b) C (c) D (d) A

15. If a soap bubble expands, the pressure inside the bubble: NCERT Page-268/N-196 | NEET 2022, A
(a) increases
(b) remains the same
(c) is equal to the atmospheric pressure
(d) decreases
16. The venturi-meter works on NCERT|Page-260/N-196|NEET 2023, C
(a) Huygen's principle
(b) Bernoulli's principle
(c) The principle of parallel axes
(d) The principle of perpendicular axes
17. The amount of energy required to form a soap bubble of radius 2 cm from a soap solution is nearly
(surface tension of soap solution = 0.03 N m−1) NCERT ∣ Page-266 / N-194 | NEETI 2023, A
(a) 30.16 × 10−4 J (b) 5.06 × 10−4 J (c) 3.01 × 10−4 J (d) 50.1 × 10−4 J
 Answer Keys
Exercise 1 : (NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs)
̅
𝟏 (b) 10 (a) 19 (b) 28 (b) 37 (b) 46 (c) 55 (c) 64 (a) 73 (c) 82 (a)

2 (a) 11 (d) 20 (a) 29 (c) 38 (c) 47 (b) 56 (c) 65 (a) 74 (a) 83 (b).

3 (c) 12 (d) 21 (a) 30 (a) 39 (d) 48 (c) 57 (d) 66 (c) 75 (a) 84 (b)

4 (c) 13 (c) 22 (c) 31 (a) 40 (a) 49 (b) 58 (b) 67 (c) 76 (b) 85 (d)

5 (c) 14 (d) 23 (c) 32 (b) 41 (b) 50 (c) 59 (d) 68 (a) 77 (a) 86 (b)

6 (d) 15 (b) 24 (b) 33 (a) 42 (c) 51 (a) 60 (d) 69 (d) 78 (b) 87 (c)

7 (c) 16 (b) 25 (a) 34 (a) 43 (c) 52 (b) 61 (c) 70 (a) 79 (c) 88 (c)

8 (a) 17 (b) 26 (c) 35 (a) 44 (b) 53 (c) 62 (d) 71 (c) 80 (d)

9 (a) 18 (d) 27 (c) 36 (b) 45 (d) 54 (d) 63 (b) 72 (a) 81 (d)

Exercise 2 : (NCERT Exemplar & Past Years NEET)

1 (c) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (a) 9 (d) 11 (c) 13 (b) 15 (d) 17 (c)

2 (d) 4 (a) 6 (a) 8 (c) 10 (a) 12 (b) 14 (a) 16 (b)

 Hints & Solutions
EXERCISE - 1
1. (b)
2. (a) Total cross-sectional area of the thigh bones 𝐴 = 2(10 × 10−4 ) = 2 × 10−3 m2

Force acting on the bones = 𝑚𝑔 = 40 × 10 = 400 N

𝐹 400
∴ ⁡𝑃av = = = 2 × 105 N/m2
𝐴 2 × 10−3
3. (c) Let us consider a small dotted segment of thickness 𝑑𝑥 for observation.
Since, this segment is accelerated towards right, a net force is acting in this segment towards right from the
liquid towards the left of 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷. According to Newton's third law, the

segment 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 will also apply a force on the previous section creating a pressure on it which makes the liquid
rise.
4. (c) Liquid pressure depends upon the height of liquid column and is independent of the shape of liquid
surface and the area of liquid surface. The liquid at rest exerts equal pressure in all directions.
5. (c) P = h𝜌g i.e., pressure does not depend upon the area of bottom surface.
6. (d) The pressure outside the submarine is

P = Pa + 𝜌gh

Pressure inside the submarine is Pa .

Net pressure acting on the window is

Pg = P − Pa = 𝜌gh

= 10−3 kgm−3 × 10 ms −2 × 2000 m = 2 × 107 Pa

Area of window is

𝐴 = 50 cm × 50 cm = 2500 × 10−4 m2

Force on the window is

F = Pg A = 2 × 107 Pa × 2500 × 10−4 m2 = 5 × 106 N

7. (c) Area of cross section, 𝐴 = 250 cm2 = 250 × 10−4 m2
Force mg 5000 g 20×g
maximum pressure = = = 250×10−4 = = 2 × 106 Pa
area of cross section A 10−4

8. (a) Pressure difference between lungs and atmosphere = (760 − 750)mm of Hg

= 10 mm of Hg = 1 cm of Hg

Let the boy can suck water from depth ℎ. Then

Pressure difference = ℎ𝜌water 𝑔 = 1 cm of Hg

or, ℎ × 1 g cm−3 × 980 cm s−2

= 1 cm × 13.6 g cm−3 × 980 cm s −2

∴ ℎ ≐ 13.6 cm

The boy can suck water from the depth of 13.6 cm

9. (a)
10. (a) Mass of liquid in horizontal portion of U-tube = Adp Pseudo force on this mass = Adpa

Force due to pressure difference in the two limbs = (ℎ1 𝜌𝑔 − ℎ2 𝜌𝑔)𝐴

(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )𝜌𝑔𝐴 = 𝐴𝑑𝜌𝑎

Equating both the forces Ad 𝜌𝑎 𝑎𝑑
⇒(ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) = =
𝜌𝑔𝐴 𝑔

11. (d) Hydraulic machines & lifts are based on

F1 F2
P1 = P2 ; =
A1 A2

12. (d) Pressure applied to enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all direction according to Pascal law.
13. (c). Since pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid (Pascal's law)

A1 𝜋(5 × 5)
F1 = F2 = (1350 × 9.81) ≈ 1.5 × 103 N
A2 𝜋(15 × 15)

The air pressure that will produce this force is

F1 1.5 × 103
P= = = 1.9 × 105 Pa
A1 𝜋(5 × 10−2 m)2

14. (d) F = Momentam transferred by water per sec = 𝜌aV × V F = 𝜌Av 2 = 103 × 10 × 10−4 × 20 × 20
F = 400 N
15. (b) Let ' 𝑥 ' be the rise (or fall) in water.
Final volume of both vessel will be same

So, 16 × 10−4 × (1.50 − 𝑥) = 16 × 10−4 × (100 + 𝑥)

⇒ 50 = 2𝑥

⇒ 𝑥 = 25 cm

Work done = Potential Energy of extra water that enters in cylindrical vessel = 𝑚extra × 𝑔 × 𝑥

= 𝜌𝑤 𝐴𝑤 𝑥 × 𝑔 × 𝑥

= 𝜌𝑤 𝐴𝑤 𝑔 × 𝑥 2

= 103 × 16 × 10−4 × 10 × (25 × 10−2 )2

= 1 joule

16. (b) Beyond the critical speed, the flow of fluids becomes turbulent as the flow loses its steadiness.

17. (b)

18. (d) Reynold's number N for turbulent motion is more than

19. (b)
𝑣𝜌𝑟
3000 and 𝑁 = i.e., 𝑁 ∝ 𝑣𝜌
𝜂

20. (a) From the equation of continuity,

𝐴 𝐴
Rate = 𝑟 = 3 𝑉𝑝 + (𝐴 − 3 ) 𝑉𝑄

3r 3 × 0.1
∴ ⁡𝑉𝑃 + 2𝑉𝑄 = = = 30 m/s
𝐴 10−2
As VP = 20 m/s, so VQ = 5 m/s.

21. (a)

22. (c) According to equation of continuity

A1 V1 = A2 V2 + A3 V3

⇒ 4 × 0.2 = 2 × 0.2 + 0.4 × 𝑉3 ⇒ 𝑉3 = 1 m/s.

23. (c) In Bernoulli's theorem only law of conservation of energy is obeyed.

24. (b) 25. (a)
1 1
25. (c) 𝑃𝑎 + 2 ⋅ 𝜌1 𝑣1 ⁡2 + 0 = 𝑃𝑎 + 2 𝜌2 𝑣2 ⁡2 + (𝜌1 𝑔ℎ1 + 𝜌2 𝑔ℎ2 )

𝜌
As 𝑣2≪ 𝑣1 , ∴ 𝑣1 = √2𝑔 (ℎ1 + ℎ2 𝜌2).
1

1
27. (c) Apply Bernoulli's theorem between Piston and hole PA + 𝜌gh = P0 + 2 𝜌ve2
5×105 1
Assuming there is no atmospheric pressure on piston + 103 × 10 × 10 = 1.01 × 105 + 2 × 103 × ve2
𝜋

⇒ ve = 1.78 m/s

28. (b) According to question, area of cross-section at 𝐴, 𝑎𝐴 = 40 cm2 and at 𝐵, 𝑎𝐵 = 20 cm2

Let velocity of liquid flow at 𝐴, = 𝑉𝐴 and at 𝐵 = 𝑉𝐵

Using equation of continuity 𝑎𝐴 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 𝑉𝐵

40𝑉𝐴 = 20𝑉𝐵 ⇒ 2𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐵

Now, using Bernoulli's equation

1 1 1
𝑃𝐴 + 𝜌𝑉𝐴2 = 𝑃𝐵 + 𝜌𝑉𝐵2 ⇒ 𝑃𝐴 − 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌(𝑉𝐵2 − 𝑉𝐴2 )
2 2 2
1 2
𝑉𝐵2 3𝑉𝐵2
⇒ Δ𝑃 = 1000 (𝑉𝐵 − ) ⇒ Δ𝑃 = 500 ×
2 4 4

(Δ𝑃) × 4 (700) × 4
⇒ 𝑉𝐵 = √ =√ m/s = 1.37 × 102 cm/s
1500 1500

Volume flow rate Q = 𝑎𝐵 × 𝑣𝐵

= 20 × 100 × 𝑉𝐵 = 2732 cm3 /s ≈ 2720 cm3 /s

29. (c) Velocity of efflux

v = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 × 10 × 0.2 = 2 ms−1

30. (a)

31. (a) Air flows just above the roof and there is no air flow just below the roof inside the room. Therefore
𝑣1 = 0 and v2 = v. Applying Bernaulli's theorem at the points inside and outside the roof, we obtain.
 ⁡(1/2)𝜌𝑣12 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 + 𝑃1 = (1/2)𝜌𝑣22 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2 + 𝑃2
Since ℎ1 = ℎ2 = ℎ, 𝑣1 = 0 and 𝑣2 = 𝑣1
𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 1/2𝜌𝑣 2 ⇒ 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = Δ𝑃 = 1/2𝜌𝑣 2

Since the area of the roof is 𝐴, the aerodynamic lift exerted on it = 𝐹 = (Δ𝑃)𝐴 ⇒ 𝐹 = 1/2𝜌Av 2

where 𝜌 = density of air = 1.3 kg/m3

A = 20 m2 , v = 29.44 m/sec

⇒ F = {1/2 × 1.3 × 20 ×. (29.44)2 }N = 1.127 × 104 N.

32. (b) According to Bernoulli's theorem,

P + ⁡12 𝜌v 2 = P0 + 0
1
So, ΔP = 2 𝜌v 2

1 2
F = ΔPA = 𝜌v A
2

1
= 2 × 1.2 × 40 × 40 × 250 = 2.4 × 105 N (upwards)

33. (a) As the temperature rises the atoms of the liquid become more mobile and the coefficient of viscosity
falls.

34. (a)

35. (a) dv = 8 cm/s and dx = 0.1, cm

dv 8
Velocity gradient = dx = 0.1 = 80/s.

36. (b) 𝜂 = 10−2 poise

18000
𝑣⁡= 18 km/h = = 5 m/s
3600
𝑙⁡= 5 m
𝑙 =5m
 𝑣
Strain rate = 𝑙

shearing stress
Coefficient of viscosity, 𝜂 = strain rate

∴ Shearing stress = 𝜂 × strain rate

5
= 10−2 × = 10−2 Nm−2
5
37. (b) When terminal velocity is reached then body moves with constant velocity hence, accelesation is
zero.

38. (c) 39. (d)

39. (a) The condition for terminal speed (𝑣𝑡 ) is Weight = Buoyant force + Viscous force

⁡∴ 𝑉𝜌1 𝑔 = 𝑉𝜌2 𝑔 + 𝑘𝑣𝑡2

𝑉𝑔(𝜌1 − 𝜌2 )
⁡∴ 𝑣𝑡 = √
𝑘

41. (b)

When the ball is just released, the net force on ball is Weff (= mg - buoyant force)

The terminal velocity 𝑣𝑓 of the ball is attained when net force on the ball is zero.

∴ Viscous force 6𝜋𝜂rvf = Weff

2 2
When the ball acquires rd of its maximum velocity vf the viscous force is = Weff
3 3
 2 1
Hence net force is Weff − 3 Weff = 3 Weff

∴ required acceleration is a/3

42. (c)

43. (c) We know that for air bubble in liquid

2𝑟 2 𝑔 2𝑟 2 𝑔
𝑣𝑇 = 𝑣 = (𝜌𝑓 − 𝜌) ⇒ 𝜂 = (𝜌𝑓 − 𝜌)
9𝜂 9𝑣
2𝑟 2 𝑔
⁡⇒ 𝜂 = (𝜎)⁡[∵ 𝜌𝑓 = 𝜎 and 𝜌 ≈ 𝑜]
9𝑣
𝜌−𝜌0
44. (b) 𝑣 ∝ 𝜂

𝑣2 𝜌 − 𝜌02 𝜂1 7.8 − 1.2 8.5 × 10−4 × 10

∴ = × = ×
𝑣1 𝜌 − 𝜌01 𝜂2 7.8 − 1 13.2
−4 −1
⁡ = 6.25 × 10 cms
4
45. (d) From stoke's law, 𝐹 = 6𝜋𝜂𝑅1 𝑣, and 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑅 3
4
F ′ = 6𝜋𝜂R 2 v, ( volume 8 V = 3 𝜋(2R)3 )

= 6𝜋𝜂(2R)v = 2 F

46. (c)

2𝑟 2 (𝜌−𝜌0 )𝑔
47. (b) Terminal velocity, 𝑣0 = 9𝜂

2 × (2 × 10−3 )2 × (8 − 1.3) × 103 × 9.8

=
9 × 0.83
= 0.07 ms−1

48. (c) If 𝜌 is the density of the ball and 𝜌′ that of the another ball, 𝑚 for the balls are the same, but 𝑟 ′ = 2𝑟
∴ ⁡𝑚𝑔 = 6𝜋𝑟𝜂𝑣 (by Stoke's law)
𝑣
or, 6𝜋𝑟𝜂𝑣 = 6𝜋2𝑟𝜂𝑣 ′ So, 𝑣 ′ = 2

49. (b) Kerosene oil rises up in wick of a lantern because of capillary action. If the surface tension of oil is
zero, then it will not rise, so oil rises up in a wick of a lantern due to surface tension.

50. (c)
51. (a) Surface tension = workdone per unit area in increasing the surface area of a liquid under isothermal
condition.

52. (b) Over a small temperature ranges, S.T. of water decreases linearly with rise of temperature.

53. (c) 𝑇 × 2𝜋𝑟 + 𝑚𝑔 = 𝐹b

54. (d) Surface tension = 0.075 N/m; diameter = 30 cm = 0.30 m ∴ Force = 0.075 × 0.30 = 0.0225 N =
2.25 × 10−2 N.

55. (c) Work done = Surface tension × increase in area of the film Ẇ = S × ΔA

Increase in area = Final area - initial area

= 10 × (0.5 + 0.1) − 10 × 0.5 = 1 cm2

∴ W = 72 × 2 × 1 = 144erg

[∵ There are 2 free surfaces; ∴ ΔA = 2 × 1].

10
56. (c) m × 10 = 2 × 3 × 10−2 × 100 or m = 6 × 10−4 kg = 6 × 10−4 × 103 g = 0.6 g

(d) Freq = mg + 2[ T(2𝜋R)][T = 75 × 10−3 N/m]

= 0.1 + 2[75 × 10−3 (0.2)] = 0.130 N

58. (b)

59. (d) At equilibrium, weight of the given block is balanced by force due to surface tension, i.e.,
2 L. 𝑆 = 𝑊

𝑊 1.5×10−2 N
or 𝑆 = 2𝐿 = = 0.025Nm−1
2×0.3 m

60. (d) Surface tension of a liquid is due to force of attraction between like molecules of a liquid i.e., cohesive
force between the molecules.

61. (c) Angle of contact is acute.

62. (d) 𝑇1 + 𝑇cos⁡(𝜋 − 𝜃) = 𝑇2

 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 𝑇1 − 𝑇2
∴ ⁡cos⁡(𝜋 − 𝜃) = ∴ cos⁡ 𝜃 =
𝑇 𝑇
63. (b) The surface tension of oil is less than that of water, so the oil spreads as a thin layer.
2 Tcos⁡ 𝜃
64. (a) ℎ = ; The liquid will rise i.e., ℎ is positive if cos⁡ 𝜃 is +𝑣𝑒; It is so if 𝜃 < 90∘ or 𝜃 is acute.
rgg

65. (a) With the increase in temperature, the surface tension of liquid decreases and angle of contact also
decreases.

66. (c) Excess pressure inside the soap bubble

4𝑠 1
𝑝= ⁡ ∴ ⁡𝑝 ∝
𝑟 𝑟
1
67. (c) Excess of pressure in a soap bubble, 𝑃 = 4𝑇/𝑟 i.e., P ∝ r therefore pressure in a smaller bubble is
more than that of a bigger bubble. When two bubbles of different radii are in communication, then the air flows
from higher pressure to lower pressure i.e., from smaller bubble into larger one.

68. (a) When two drops merge together to form one drop, the surface area of drop will decrease, due to
which the energy of bigger drop is less than the sum of the energy of two smaller drops. Due to it, the energy is
released.

69. (d)

70. (a) As liquid drop is in equilibrium.

So Fnet = 0

Boyant force + surface tension = 𝐦𝐠

V
𝜎 g + 2𝜋RT = 𝜌Vg
2
(2𝜌 − 𝜎) 4 3 4
⇒ 2𝜋𝑅𝑇 = 𝜋𝑅 𝑔 [∵ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑅 3 ]
2 3 3
 3
3T 3 × 7.5 × 10−2 N − m−1
⇒R = ⇒R=√
(2𝜌 − 𝜎)g (2𝜌 − 𝜎) × 10

3 15
⇒R= m= cm
20√(2𝜌 − 𝜎) √2𝑝 − 𝜎

71. (c) Work done, W = S[2 × (Change in area) ]

[∵ there are two free surface ]
𝑊
Surface tension, 𝑆 = 2×( change in area )

3 × 10−4
= = 3 × 10−2 N/m
2 × 10(11 − 6) × (10−2 )2

72. (a) W = TΔA = 4𝜋R2 T(n1/3 − 1)

= 4 × 3.14 × (10−2 )2 × 460 × 10−3 [(106 )1/3 − 1] = 0.057

73. (c) Work done = Change in surface energy

⇒ W = 2 T × 4𝜋(𝑅22 − 𝑅12 )

= 2 × 0.03 × 4𝜋[(5)2 − (3)2 ] × 10−4 J = 0.4𝜋mJ

74. (a) As volume remain same i.e volume of two smaller drops will be equal to volume of one big drop.
4 4
2 × 𝜋𝑟 3 = 𝜋𝑅 3 ⇒ 2𝑟 3 = 𝑅 3
3 3

R 3 R 1
⇒ 2 = ( ) ⇒ = 23
r r
Ui T × 2 × (4𝜋r 2 ) 2r 2 1
= = 2 = 2 3: 1
Uf T × 4𝜋R2 2
23 R
4T
75. (a) Inside pressure must be greater than outside pressure in bubble.
r
This excess pressure is provided by charge on bubble.

4 T 𝜎2 4 T Q2 Q
= ; = [𝜎 = ]
r 2𝜀0 r 16𝜋 2 r 4 × 2𝜀0 4𝜋r 2

𝑄 = 8𝜋𝑟√2𝑟𝑇𝜀0
4𝑇
76. (b) Pressure inside tube = 𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝑟

∴ 𝑃2 < 𝑃1 (since r2 > r1 )

Hence pressure on side 1 will be greater than side 2. So air from end 1 flows towards end 2

Subhemispherical Hemispherical

77. (a) radius = 𝑟2 radius = 𝑟1

2𝑇 2×0.07
78. (b) = 0.14×10−3 = 103 N/m2
𝑟

2𝑇
Pressure applied, = 𝑃𝑎 − = 105 − 103 = 99 × 103 N/m2
𝑟

79. (c) Water fills the tube entirely in gravity less condition i.e., 20 cm.
2𝑇 2𝑇
80. (d) For rise in capillary, the formula is ℎ = 𝑟𝜌𝑔 So, for first capillary tube ℎ1 = 𝑟
1 𝜌𝑔
2𝑇
For second, ℎ2 = 𝑟
2 𝜌𝑔

h1 r2 3 r1 r1
= ⇒ = [r2 = ]
h2 r1 h2 3 × r1 3

ℎ2 = 9 mm

81. (d) In the satellite, the weight of the liquid column is zero. So the liquid will rise up to the top of the tube.
82. (a). Weight of the liquid column = Tcos⁡ 𝜃 × 2𝜋r.

For water 𝜃 = 0∘ . Here weight of liquid column W = 7.5 × 10−4 N and T = 6 × 10−2 N/m. Then
circumference, 2𝜋r = W/T = 1.25 × 10−2 m

F 6.28×10−4
83. (b) T = 2𝜋r = 2×3.14×2×10−3 = 5 × 10−2 N/m

2T 2×6×10−2
84. (b) h = rdg = 5×10−4 ×103×10 = 2.4 × 10−2 m = 2.4 cm

2𝑠cos⁡ 𝜃
85. (d) Since ℎ =
ℎ𝜌𝑔

if 𝜃 is obtuse, cos⁡ 𝜃 is negative. Hence ℎ is negative and water is depressed in the tube.

86. (b) For capillary rise, according, to Zurin's law

ℎ1 𝑟1 = ℎ2 𝑟2
6:× 1 = ℎ2 × 2 ⇒ ℎ2 = 3 cm
2𝜎cos⁡ 𝜃 ℎ𝜌
87. (c) ℎ = ⇒ 𝜎 ∝ cos⁡ 𝜃
𝑟𝜌𝑔

𝜎𝑤 ℎ𝑤 𝜌𝑤 cos⁡ 𝜃𝑚
⁡⇒ = ×
𝜎𝑚 cos⁡ 𝜃𝑤 ℎ𝑚 𝜌𝑚
10 × 1 cos⁡ 135∘
⁡= ×
cos⁡ 0∘ −3.1 × 13.6
10 × (−0.707) 1
⁡= ≈
−3.1 × 13.6 6
88. (c)

EXERCISE - 2
1. (c) When the pebble is dropped from the top of cylinder filled with viscous oil and pebble falls under
gravity with constant acceleration, but as it is dropped it enter in oil. So dragging or viscous force is
𝐹 = 6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣

where 𝑟 is radius of the pebble, 𝑣 is instantaneous speed, 𝜂 is coefficient of viscosity.

As the force is variable, hence acceleration is also variable so 𝑣 − 𝑡 graph will not be straight line due to viscosity
of oil. First velocity increases and then becomes constant known as terminal velocity.

2. (d) In a streamline flow the velocity of fluid particles remaines constant across any cross-sectional area,
then a point on the area cannot have different velocities at the same time, hence two streamlines flow layers
do not cross each other.
3. (b) In streamline flow, the speed of liquid of each particle at a point in a particular cross-section is
constant, between two cross-section of a tube of flow because 𝐴𝑉 = constant (law of continuity).

4. (a)

5. (c) We observed that meniscus of liquid is convex shape as shown in figure which is possible if only, the
angle of contact is obtuse. Hence, the combination will be of case of mercury-glass (140∘ ). Hence verifies the
option (c).

6. (a) Water rises upto the top of capillary tube and stays there without overflowing.
1
According to Jurin's Law, ℎ ∝ 𝑟

So if ' ℎ ' decreases, radius ' 𝑟 ' increases.

7. (a) Inflow rate of volume of the liquid = Outflow rate of volume of the liquid
𝜋𝑅 2 𝑉 𝑉𝑅 2
𝜋𝑅 2 𝑉 = 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 (𝑣) ⇒ 𝑣 = =
𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝑛𝑟 2
8. (c) Here, hoil × 𝜌oil × g = hwater × 𝜌water × g
𝜌0 g × 140 × 10−3 = 𝜌˙w g × 130 × 10−3

130
𝜌oil = × 103 ≈ 928 kg/m3 ⁡[∵ 𝜌w = 1kgm−3 ]
140
9. (d) Power = rate of production of heat =F.V = 6𝜋𝜂𝑟 VT ⋅ VT = 6𝜋𝜂𝑟 VT2 (∵ F = 6𝜋𝜂VT 𝑟 stoke's formula)
2
VT ∝ 𝑟
2 𝑟 2 (𝜌 − 𝜎)
∵ ⁡VT = 𝑔
9 𝜂

∴ Power ∝ 𝑟 5

10. (a) Volumetric flow rate of liquid

 𝑄 = 𝑎𝑢 = 𝑎√2𝑔ℎ
⁡= 2 × 10−6 m2 × √2 × 10 × 2 m/s
⁡= 2 × 2 × 3.14 × 10−6 m3 /s
⁡= 12.56 × 10−6 m3 /s = 12.6 × 10−6 m3 /s

11. (c) Pressure inside the soap bubble

4𝑇
= 𝑃0 +
𝑅
And pressure at a point below the surface of water

= 𝜌𝑔ℎ0 + P0 ⁡[ where P0 = atmospheric pressure ]

By equating these pressure we get,

4𝑇
𝑃0 + = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ0
𝑅
4𝑇 ′ 4 × 2.5 × 10−2
ℎ0 = ⇒ ℎ0 = −3 𝑚
𝑅 × 𝜌𝑔 10 × 1000 × 10

ℎ0 = 1 cm

12. (b) Force of surface tension balances the weight of water in capillary tube.
𝐹𝑆 = 2𝜋𝑟𝑇cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔

Here, 𝑇 and 𝜃 are constants.

So, 𝑚 ∝ 𝑟

Let 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 be the mass of water in two capillary tube.

𝑚2 𝑟2
∴ =
𝑚1 𝑟1

𝑚2 2𝑟
⇒ =
5.0 𝑟
⇒ 𝑚2 = 10.0 g
13. (b)

14. (a) When ball is dropped in highly viscous fluid, the ball's velocity will increase untill it becomes equal to
terminal velocity and after attaining terminal velocity it moves downward with constant velocity so, graph will
be like as shown below

4𝑇
15. (d) Pressure inside soap bubble, 𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝑅
4𝑇
Clearly, 𝑅 ↑↑⇒ ↓↓⇒ 𝑃 ↓↓
𝑅

So, if bubble expands, pressure decreases.

Alternative method :

Here, 𝑃𝑉 = cons. [∵ 𝑇 remains same ]

1
𝑃 ∝ , as R ↑↑⇒ 𝑉 ↑↑⇒ 𝑃 ↓↓
𝑉

16. (b) Venturi-meter works on the Bernoulli's principle.

17. (c) Amount of energy required to form a soap bubble = [𝑆 × Δ𝐴] × 2.

= [0.03 × 4 × 𝜋 × 4 × 10−4 ] × 2 = 3.015 × 10−4 J