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‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة السادسة‬

‫‪ ---------------------------------------03‬مفردات المقارنة – ‪Comparison Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------------------04‬عبارات االستقرار – ‪Stability Phrases‬‬
‫‪ -------------------------------05‬صفات مساحة المعيشة – ‪Living Space Adjectives‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------06‬عبارات المشاكل المنزلية – ‪Household Phrases‬‬
‫‪ ----------------------------06‬متالزمات المشاكل المنزلية – ‪Household Collocations‬‬
‫‪ ----------07‬األفعال المركبة الخاصة بالمشاكل المنزلية – ‪Household Phrasal Verbs‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------10‬عبارات إعطاء التعليمات – ‪Giving Instructions Phrases‬‬

‫قطع الوحدة السادسة‬

‫‪ -----------------------------------------------------12‬العيش بمسكن صغير – ‪Living small‬‬

‫قواعد الوحدة السادسة‬

‫‪ ---------------------15‬األفعال الناقصة واألفعال ذات الصلة – ‪Modal & Related Verbs‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------------------------------23‬أدوات التنكير والتعريف – ‪Articles‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
.‫ أفضل ما نبدأ به هو الصالة والسالم على محمد ﷺ أشرف خلق هللا‬،)‫جيل_التحدي‬#( 2008 ‫أعزاءي طالب‬

‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة السادسة‬

Comparison Vocabulary – ‫مفردات المقارنة‬

5‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫مثال من األستاذ‬
a lot / considerably / far / much Real Madrid is much better than Barcelona in the
miles / significantly / way ‫بكثي‬ Champions League.
a bit
marginally / slightly Dogs are a bit bigger than cats.
‫بقليل‬
not nearly
nothing like / nowhere near Chimpanzees are not nearly as dangerous as lions.
‫أقل‬

‫الت تحتها خط بعبارات من الجدول‬

‫استبدل العبارة ي‬
1. Summer in Singapore is much hotter than in England but only a bit hotter than in Egypt.
2. Summer in England is not nearly as hot as in Singapore.

1. It’s a lot colder in England in winter than in Jordan. SIGNIFICANTLY

________________________________ in winter than it is in Jordan.
2. I think Maths is slightly more difficult than Physics. MARGINALLY
I think Physics ________________________________. ‫انتبه هنا أننا غينا ترتيب الجملة‬

5‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫مثال من األستاذ‬
This car is inexpensive compared to the luxury models on the
compared with/to ...‫مقارنة ب‬
market.
In comparison with their competitors, the company offers better
in/by comparison with ...‫مقارنة ب‬
customer service.
She loves hiking and outdoor activities, whereas her brother
whereas ‫بينما‬
prefers staying indoors.
but ‫ولكن‬ I wanted to go to the park, but it started raining.
wherever ‫أينما‬ You can sit wherever you feel comfortable.

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 ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة (قد تكون ر‬
)‫أكي من إجابة صحيحة‬
1. Singapore is very safe compared with / to / from other countries.
2. Dubai is expensive in / by / on comparison with many countries.
3. In Saudi Arabia, the temperatures are high during the day whereas / wherever / but during
the night they are very low.

Stability Phrases – ‫عبارات االستقرار‬

6‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬
settle down ‫يستقر‬ put down roots ‫يتكيف مع المكان‬
‫وسائل الراحة ز ز‬
tied down to one place ‫ مربوط بمكان واحد‬home comforts ‫الميلية‬
on the move ‫التنقل باستمرار‬ work remotely ‫العمل عن بعد‬
co-working space ‫العمل مع زمالء‬

‫أكمل العبارة‬
1. On the ___________.
2. Home ___________.
3. Work ___________.
4. Put down ___________.
5. Co-working ___________.
6. Settle ___________.
7. Tied down ___________.

‫اخي العبارة حسب ز‬

‫معت الجملة‬
1. Does the idea of a life _____________ appeal to you?
2. Would you prefer to _____________ or in a company office?
3. Would you prefer to work from home or in a _____________?
4. If you became a digital nomad, which of your _____________ would you miss the most?
5. What do you think is a suitable age to _____________ and get a job?
6. If you moved to another country, what would help you to _____________ in the new place?
7. Why do some people hate being _____________? Why do they prefer a nomadic lifestyle?

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 Living Space Adjectives – ‫صفات مساحة المعيشة‬
‫ قطعة العيش بمسكن صغير‬9‫ و ص‬8‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
Additional and not needed because there is
excess )‫زائد (ال حاجة له‬
already enough of something.
medium-sized ‫متوسط الحجم‬ Neither small, nor large.
densely populated ‫مكتظ بالسكان‬ having a lot of people living close together.
Small, but arranged so that everything fits neatly
compact ‫مساحة صغية لكن كافية‬
into the space available.
confined ‫مساحة محصورة‬ Very small and restricted, surrounded by walls.
cramped ‫مساحة ضيقة‬ Not having enough space.

‫الت تناسب التعريف‬

‫ضع الكلمة ي‬
1. Additional and not needed because there is already enough of something. _____________
2. Very small and restricted, surrounded by walls. _____________
3. Small, but arranged so that everything fits neatly into the space available. _____________
4. (In a city) having a lot of people living close together. _____________
5. Not having enough space. _____________
6. Neither small, nor large. _____________

‫ضع الكلمة زف الفراغ حسب ز‬

‫معت الجملة‬ ‫ي‬
1. What are some of the largest and most _____________ cities in the world?
2. How do you feel about being in a _____________ space like a lift?
3. Would you describe your room as small, large or _____________?
4. If you lived in a location where space was non-existent, which of your _____________ items
would you throw away? Say why.
5. Is your room _____________ enough to fit in a desk, bed and closet?
6. Have you ever travelled in uncomfortable _____________ conditions, with a lot of people
on a bus or train?

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 Household Phrases – ‫عبارات المشاكل المنزلية‬
10‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬
change a bulb ‫يغي لمبة‬ remove a carpet stain ‫يزيل بقعة من السجاد‬
fix a leaking pipe ‫يصلح ترسب األنابيب‬ repair a flat tyre ‫يصلح إطار مثقوب‬
decorate a house ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
‫يزيي الميل‬

‫استبدل الفعل الذي تحته خط بأحد األفعال اآلتية‬

[ do up / get rid of / mend / replace ]
1. Change a bulb? _____________
2. Remove a carpet stain? _____________
3. Fix a leaking pipe? _____________
4. Repair a flat tyre? _____________
5. Have you ever helped to decorate a house? _____________

Household Collocations – ‫متالزمات المشاكل المنزلية‬

10‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
tangled leads / wires / ropes ‫ أحبال متشابكة‬/ ‫ أسالك‬shattered glass ‫زجاج محطم‬
shrunk clothes ‫مالبس منكمشة‬ scratched screen ‫شاشة مخدوشة‬

‫ضع المشكلة المناسبة مع الحلول اآلتية‬

(Deal with common household problems!)
1. First sweep it up with a dustpan and brush. Then press a piece of cloth onto the floor to pick
up the remaining tiny pieces. _____________
2. Rub toothpaste on it and then wipe down with a damp dishcloth. _____________
3. Arrange the cables and label them with folded masking tape. _____________
4. Soak it in warm soapy water. Then gently pull it until it regains its original size and shape.
_____________

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 ‫وصل الجمل‬
1. The fishermen spent the morning trying
a) if you wash it at 90 degrees!
to undo the tangled
2. During the storm, our windows shattered b) and left glass on the floor.
c) scratched as this, it’s very difficult
3. Well, of course it will shrink
to make out any messages.
4. Once the screen on your phone becomes
d) ropes of their nets.
as

Household Phrasal Verbs – ‫األفعال المركبة الخاصة بالمشاكل المنزلية‬

10‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الفعل المركب‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الفعل المركب‬ ‫المعنى‬
break down ‫تعطل‬ do up ‫ ز‬/‫ينظف‬
‫يزيي‬
wipe down ‫يمسح الجدران‬ mop up ‫يمسح األرض‬
come across ‫يجد‬ sweep up ‫يكنس‬

‫ضع الفعل المركب حسب ز‬

‫معت الجملة‬
• The other day I went into the kitchen and 1._____________ a puddle of water on the
kitchen floor. It turned out that the freezer 2._____________ and was leaking. So I
3._____________ the water. Shortly afterwards, my brother went into the kitchen and
slipped on the wet floor. Unfortunately, he was carrying a cup of coffee, which he dropped!
The cup smashed into pieces, and the coffee splashed all over the wall! The kitchen had
only recently been 4._____________ and the walls were freshly painted. So I
5._____________ the wall with a damp cloth while my brother 6._____________ the bits of
broken coffee cup.

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 ‫ بعض األفعال المركبة ال تحتاج إلى مفعول به‬:‫مالحظة‬
➢ The freezer broke down.
‫بعض األفعال المركبة تحتاج إلى مفعول به ونستطيع أن نضع المفعول به بالمنتصف أو بالنهاية‬
➢ Switch the light on. / Switch on the light.
➢ Mop up the floor. / Mop the floor up.
‫لكن إذا كان المفعول به ضمير يجب أن نضعه بالمنتصف‬
➢ Switch it off.
➢ Wiped it down.
:‫بعض األفعال المركبة ال تقبل أن يأتي المفعول به بالمنتصف أبدً ا وهم‬
(deal with / go with / keep up with / come across / run out / get rid of)
➢ We’ve run out of toothpaste.
➢ I came across an interesting article.

‫الت تحتها خط بضمي مناسب وأعد اليتيب‬

‫استبدل الكلمات ي‬
1. I mopped up the water. _______________________
2. I wiped down the wall. _______________________
3. My brother swept up the bits of broken coffee cup. _______________________
4. I’ll wipe down the table. _______________________
5. We’re doing up the kitchen. _______________________
6. The cushions don’t go with the sofa. _______________________
7. It’s hard to keep up with the cleaning. _______________________
8. I came across this ring when I was vacuuming. _______________________
9. Get rid of these empty bottles, please. _______________________
10. Can you pick up the fork, please? _______________________
11. They can’t deal with stress. _______________________

‫تمرين يشمل جميع الكلمات والعبارات المتعلقة بالمشاكل ز ز‬

‫الميلية‬
1. Remember to switch off the electricity before you replace / fix a light bulb.
2. Please don’t spill blackcurrant juice as it's impossible to mend / get rid of the stains.
3. You should repair / replace your dishcloth every week as it gets full of bacteria.
4. Why get rid of / do up a perfectly good lamp when you could easily mend it?
5. I managed to fix / repair the kettle, so we didn’t need to buy a new one.
6. Osama knows how to mend / replace simple electric appliances like toasters and kettles.
7. We’ve decided to do up / soak my little sister’s bedroom as a surprise.

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 ‫تمرين يشمل جميع الكلمات والعبارات المتعلقة بالمشاكل ز ز‬
‫الميلية‬
1. We’re _____________ up my bedroom and we need some _____________ tape so we can
paint straight lines.
2. When you’ve finished making your lunch, take the _____________ and wipe
_____________ the kitchen surfaces.
3. The best way to _____________ with stains and tough patches of dirt is to _____________
the item of clothing in lots of warm water and soap.
4. I came _____________ this jar in the bottom of the freezer, but I’m not sure what’s in it
because I forgot to _____________ it.

‫تمرين يشمل جميع الكلمات والعبارات المتعلقة بالمشاكل ز ز‬

‫الميلية‬
1. We need to get _____________ of all the old bits of wood in the back yard.
2. The lock on the downstairs bathroom door is broken. _____________the broken lock.
3. The old BBQ in the back garden is really dirty and needs to be wiped _____________. Plus,
one of its legs is broken and needs to be _____________ if possible.
4. The lawn mower _____________ down last week – try to _____________ it.

‫تمرين يشمل جميع الكلمات والعبارات ز يف الوحدة السادسة‬

1. Comfortable, medium-sized / confined room for rent in shared house with storage.
2. Can you change / repair this light bulb, please? This one’s stopped working.
3. You need a dustpan and brush / dishcloth to sweep up that shattered glass.
4. Oh no! There’s a stain / soak on the new carpet. I hope I can remove it.
5. All the leads behind the TV are blocked / tangled.

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 Giving Instructions Phrases – ‫عبارات إعطاء التعليمات‬
11‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ Function ‫الوظيفة‬
It’s advisable to … ... ‫يفضل أن‬
The first thing you do is … ... ‫أول ما يجب أن تفعله هو‬
When/Once you’ve done that, … ... ,‫تنته من فعل ذلك‬
‫ي‬ ‫عندما‬
What you do is … ... ‫ما يجب عليك فعله هو‬ Explaining what to do
All you have to do is … ... ‫كل ما يجب عليك فعله هو‬ ‫شء‬
‫تعليمات لفعل ي‬
‫ئيش الذي يجب‬ ‫الشء الر ي‬
‫ي‬
The key/main thing to remember is …
... ‫تذكره هو‬
It’s vital/essential that you … ... ‫من المهم أن‬
Make sure you don’t … ... ‫تأكد أن ال‬
Try to avoid (V-ing) … ... ‫حل أن تتجنب‬
Explaining what not to do
I’d advise you not to … ... ‫أنصحك أن ال‬
‫شء‬‫تعليمات لعدم فعل ي‬
There’s no need to … ...‫ال حاجة ل‬
Whatever you do, don’t … ... ‫ حاول أن ال‬,‫مهما فعلت‬
Finishing the instructions
And that’s it. .‫وهكذا انتهينا‬
‫إنهاء التعليمات‬

‫ إذا بدأت الجملة بأحد العبارات اآلتية‬more emphatic ‫ يمكنك أن تجعل التعليمات أكثر أهمية‬:‫مالحظة‬
( What / All / The way that)
➢ Slide the door to the right. ‫انتبه أن الجملة هنا أمر‬
o What you do is slide the door to the right.
o All you do is slide the door to the right.
o The way that you do it is to slide the door to the right.
➢ I covered it with tape. ‫ماض‬ ‫انتبه أن الجملة هنا ز‬
‫ي‬
o What I did was cover it with tape.
o All I did was cover it with tape.
o The way that I did it was to cover it with tape.
➢ I am good at English. ‫حرك‬ ‫ي‬ ‫انتبه أن الجملة هنا حالة وليست فعل‬
o What I am good at is English.
o All I am good at is English.

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 ‫بعد دراستك للمالحظة السابقة أعد كتابة الجمل اآلتية‬
1. You just need some scissors and masking tape.
All ___________________________________________________________.
2. You turn on the oven by pressing this switch.
The way ___________________________________________________________.
3. I used a damp dishcloth to remove the stain.
What ___________________________________________________________.
4. Next you soak it in water.
What ___________________________________________________________.
5. He’s really good at DIY.
What ___________________________________________________________.

11
 Living small – ‫العيش بمسكن صغير‬
)article ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬9‫قطعة ص‬
ً
How much living space do we really need? Could ‫الت نحتاجها حقا؟ هل‬ ‫كم مساحة المعيشة ي‬
you live in a home that is only 37 square metres in ً ً
‫ ميا مربعا‬37 ‫ميل مساحته‬ ‫تستطيع أن تعيش زف ز ز‬
‫ي‬
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
size? That is the size of a so-called ‘tiny home’, which ،"‫فقط؟ هذا هو حجم ما يسىم "الميل الصغي‬
has become a big craze in some parts of the world, ‫والذي أصبح صيحة رائجة ز يف بعض أنحاء‬
giving rise to a new social trend: the ‘tiny house :‫اجتماع جديد‬
‫ي‬ ‫ مما أدى إىل ظهور اتجاه‬،‫العالم‬
movement’. These compact properties have ‫ أصبحت هذه العقارات‬."‫الميل الصغي‬ ‫"حركة ز ز‬
become more popular as people recognise the ‫أكي شعبية مع إدراك الناس لفوائد‬ ‫المدمجة ر‬
benefits of ‘living small’. For some, it’s the only way ‫ إنها‬،‫ بالنسبة للبعض‬."‫"العيش ز يف مساحة صغية‬
to afford a home, but for others it’s a lifestyle ‫ ولكن‬،‫الميل‬ ‫الطريقة الوحيدة لتحمل تكاليف ز ز‬
choice, offering a way of living more ecologically and ‫ يوفر‬،‫فه خيار نمط حياة‬ ‫بالنسبة لآلخرين ي‬
less wastefully. Living in a small space means that ً ً ‫ر‬
.‫طريقة للعيش بشكل أكي بيئيا وأقل إهدارا‬
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
you have to get rid of your excess possessions. It ‫يتعي عليك‬ ‫يعت أنه‬
‫العيش يف مساحة صغية ي‬
also forces you to go out and engage with the rest of ‫يجيك عىل‬ ‫ كما ر‬.‫التخلص من ممتلكاتك الزائدة‬
the world. .‫الخروج والتواصل مع بقية العالم‬

ً ً
Living small requires careful planning and who ‫يتطلب العيش ز يف مساحة صغية تخطيطا دقيقا‬
better to turn to for inspiration than the Japanese, ‫وللحصول عىل اإللهام من األفضل أن تلجأ إىل‬
the masters in the art of saving space. In densely ‫ ز يف المدن‬.‫ أساتذة فن توفي المساحة‬،‫اليابانيي‬
‫ز‬
populated cities like Tokyo, many people live in ‫ يعيش العديد من‬،‫المكتظة بالسكان مثل طوكيو‬
apartments smaller than ten square metres. They ‫ لقد‬.‫الناس ز يف شقق أصغر من عرسة أمتار مربعة‬
have managed to come up with ingenious space- ‫نجحوا ز يف التوصل إىل حلول مبتكرة لتوفي‬
ً
saving solutions to make the apartments feel less ‫ مثل استخدام‬،‫المساحة لجعل الشقق أقل ضيقا‬
cramped, such as the use of deep wardrobes and ‫ وب هذه‬.‫خزائن مالبس عميقة وخزائن للتخزين‬
cupboards for storage. In this way, bedding can be ‫ط الفراش ووضعه ز يف مكانه كل‬ ‫ يمكن ي‬،‫الطريقة‬
folded and put away every day, allowing the room to ‫ مما يسمح باستخدام الغرفة ألغراض أخرى‬،‫يوم‬
be used for purposes other than sleeping. Another ‫وه استخدام‬ ‫ وهناك طريقة أخرى ي‬.‫غي النوم‬
method is the use of sliding doors which can divide ‫الت يمكنها تقسيم الغرفة إىل‬ ‫زز‬
‫األبواب المنلقة ي‬
the room into different living areas when required. .‫مناطق معيشة مختلفة عند الحاجة‬

1. What advantages of living in a tiny home are mentioned? ‫سؤال كتاب‬

___________________________________________________________________________
2. What suggestions for maximising space in a small home are mentioned? ‫سؤال كتاب‬

12
 ___________________________________________________________________________
3. Quote the sentence which shows that tiny homes can be seen as an environmental choice.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What does the pronoun "it" in the phrase "it’s a lifestyle choice" refer to?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. According to the text, what are two reasons people choose to live in tiny homes?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. How does living in a small space encourage people to interact with others?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Why might sliding doors be particularly useful in a small living space?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What is the size of a typical tiny home, as described in the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
9. How is the Japanese approach to space-saving described in the text?
___________________________________________________________________________

ً ‫إن العيش زف ز ز‬
Living in a compact home might work for one, or ‫ميل مدمج قد يكون مناسبا‬ ‫ي‬
even two people, but what about when you are ‫ ولكن ماذا لو‬،‫لشخصي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫لشخص واحد أو حت‬
obliged to compete for space with several others? ‫اضطررت إىل التنافس عىل المساحة مع العديد‬
This is a question being investigated by a NASA- ‫من األشخاص اآلخرين؟ هذا هو السؤال الذي‬
funded Mars simulation experiment. A ‘habitat’ has ‫الت تمولها وكالة‬ ‫تبحثه تجربة محاكاة المري خ ي‬
been located on the slopes of a volcano in the ‫ تم تحديد "موطن" عىل منحدرات بركان‬.‫ناسا‬
Pacific Ocean, and its goal is to understand how ‫ والهدف من ذلك هو فهم‬،‫ز يف المحيط الهادئ‬
people can successfully live and work together on ‫معا بنجاح‬ ً ‫كيف يمكن للناس أن يعيشوا ويعملوا‬
trips into space. Six crew members share a space ‫ يتقاسم ستة أفراد من‬.‫ز يف رحالت إىل الفضاء‬
which is 11 metres in diameter, i.e. the size of a ‫ أي بحجم شقة‬،‫ميا‬ ً 11 ‫الطاقم مساحة قطرها‬
medium-sized, one-bedroom apartment. They each .‫متوسطة الحجم مكونة من غرفة نوم واحدة‬
have their own personal space, big enough for a tiny ‫والت تتسع‬ ‫ ي‬،‫كل منهم لديه مساحته الشخصية‬
ُ
bed and chair. They are not permitted to leave the ‫ ال يسمح لهم بمغادرة‬.‫وكرس صغيين‬ ‫ي‬ ‫لرسير‬
capsule unless they are wearing a spacesuit. There ‫ كانت‬.‫الكبسولة ما لم يكونوا يرتدون بدلة فضاء‬
have been five ‘missions’ so far, lasting between six ‫ استمرت ما ز‬،‫هناك خمس "مهام" حت اآلن‬
‫بي‬
ُ ً
and 12 months. The experiment shows that although ‫ تظهر التجربة أنه عىل الرغم‬.‫شهرا‬ 12 ‫ستة إىل‬
some privacy is essential, people in confined spaces ‫ إال أن‬،‫من أن بعض الخصوصية زضورية‬
get on better when they spend more time together ‫األشخاص ز يف األماكن المحصورة يتعايشون‬
ً ً ‫وقتا أطول‬ ً
rather than retreating to their own private or ‫معا بدال‬ ‫بشكل أفضل عندما يقضون‬
personal space. ‫من االنسحاب إىل مساحتهم الخاصة أو‬
.‫الشخصية‬

13
 Professor Ellen Pader from the University of ‫إلي بادر من جامعة‬ ‫اليوفيسورة ز‬ ‫تعتقد ر‬
ً
Massachusetts, who has published research on the ‫الت نشت بحثا عن تأثن‬ ‫ ي‬،‫ماساتشوستس‬
impact of space on relationships, believes a major ‫ أن إحدى الفوائد‬،‫المساحة عىل العالقات‬
benefit of sharing space with others is that you learn ‫ه أنك‬‫الرئيسية لمشاركة المساحة مع اآلخرين ي‬
ً ‫تتعلم ر‬
respect for other people, and you also learn to ‫ وتتعلم أيضا التفاوض مع‬،‫احنام اآلخرين‬
ً
negotiate with people, instead of just withdrawing ‫ بدال من االنسحاب عندما تصبح األمور‬،‫الناس‬
when things get difficult. In many western countries, ‫ هناك‬،‫ ز يف العديد من الدول الغربية‬.‫صعبة‬
there is an assumption that we all need privacy, but ‫ لكن‬،‫جميعا بحاجة إىل الخصوصية‬ ً ‫ر‬
‫افناض بأننا‬
ً ً
this is not a universally shared belief. In Mexico, for ،‫ ز يف المكسيك‬.‫عالميا‬
ً ‫هذا ليس اعتقادا مشيكا‬
ً ،‫وفقا لبحث بادر‬ ً
example, according to Pader’s research, people ‫غالبا ما‬ ،‫عىل سبيل المثال‬
often prefer to share bedrooms and bathrooms ‫يفضل الناس مشاركة غرف النوم والحمامات ألن‬
because being alone feels like a punishment. .‫البقاء بمفردهم يشعر وكأنه عقاب‬

So why is living space important? We need to get the ‫إذن لماذا تعد مساحة المعيشة مهمة؟ نحن‬
right balance between having enough of it to allow ‫بي وجود ما‬‫بحاجة إىل تحقيق التوازن الصحيح ز‬
some privacy, but not so much that we no longer ‫ ولكن‬،‫يكف منها للسماح ببعض الخصوصية‬ ‫ز‬
‫ي‬
interact with others. ً ‫ليس‬
.‫كثيا لدرجة أننا لم نعد نتفاعل مع اآلخرين‬

1. What were the findings of the NASA funded experiment? ‫سؤال كتاب‬
___________________________________________________________________________
2. According to Ellen Pader, what are the advantages of sharing a space with others? ‫سؤال كتاب‬
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Quote the sentence which shows the size of the Mars simulation habitat.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What does the underlined pronoun "they" refer to?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the main goal of the NASA-funded Mars simulation experiment?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. How does the Mars experiment suggest people in confined spaces can get along better?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What cultural difference regarding privacy does Professor Ellen Pader highlight in her
research?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Why might people in some cultures feel uncomfortable being alone, as per the text?
___________________________________________________________________________

14
In which paragraph does the author …
1. Give examples of ways to design a home to make the most of space? ____
2. Discuss the factors leading to a move towards smaller properties in some countries? ____
3. Summarise the answer to the question asked in the title? ____
4. Explain that in some cultures too much privacy is seen as a negative concept? ____
5. Outline the findings of an investigation into the implications of living with others in an
enclosed space? ____

Modal & Related Verbs – ‫األفعال الناقصة واألفعال ذات الصلة‬

...‫ إلخ‬/ ‫ تقديم النصائح‬/ ‫ القدرة‬/ ‫ اإلذن‬/ ‫ المنع‬/ ‫هذه األفعال تستخدم للحديث عن االلتزام‬
‫) األفعال ذات الصلة‬2 ‫) األفعال الناقصة‬1 :‫يوجد نوعين من األفعال‬

Obligation & Necessity – ‫االلتزام والضرورة‬

‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
➢ Children must obey their parents.
‫سء زضوري‬
‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ A good lifeguard must be an excellent swimmer.
must ‫ام (يتفق المتحدث‬‫وإلز ي‬
‫ز‬ ➢ Your friend really must study harder.
)‫الشء‬
‫عىل ضورة هذا ي‬ ➢ I must be careful when I drive fast.
need to must ‫تشبه‬ ➢ He needs to be courageous.
‫سء زضوري‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ I had to wear braces for two years.
‫ام (قد يكون المتحدث‬
‫وإلز ي‬ ➢ I have to wear the school uniform.
have to
‫مجبور عليه من جهة‬ ➢ You will have to keep this a secret.
have got to
‫أخرى حت لو لم يكن‬ ➢ The teacher told my friend that he has to study
)‫مقتنع‬ harder.

‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
be required to ‫سء مفروض‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ He was required to get proper qualifications.
be obliged to ‫عليك من سلطة أعىل منك‬ ➢ We are obliged to come to school on time.

15
 Duty & Advice – ‫الواجب والنصيحة‬
‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
‫لتقديم‬ ➢ You should study for the test if you want to pass.
should
‫النصيحة أو‬ ➢ You ought to apologize to her for what you said.
ought to
‫الرأي‬ ➢ You really ought to be an expert.
‫لتقديم‬
shouldn’t ➢ He shouldn’t eat junk food; it’s bad for his health.
‫النصيحة أو‬
oughtn’t to ‫ز‬ ➢ They oughtn’t to be so careless about safety precautions.
)‫(نف‬
‫الرأي ي‬

‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
‫ينبغ أن يحدث‬ ‫للحديث عن سء ز‬ ➢ Guests are supposed to leave
be supposed to ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
)‫(حسب القانون أو حسب المنطق‬ their shoes at the door.
‫ز‬
‫ينبغ أن يحدث‬ ➢ Animals are not supposed to
be not supposed to ‫سء ال ي‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬
)‫(حسب القانون أو حسب المنطق‬ suffer like this.

No Obligation/Necessity – ‫عدم اإللزامية‬

‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
➢ We don’t have to wear the uniform in our school.
don’t have to ‫سء‬‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ He doesn’t have to work today.
needn’t ‫غي مضطر عىل فعله‬ ➢ Pupils needn’t study this weekend.
➢ Pupils don’t need to study this weekend.

‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
be not required to ‫سء‬‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ Human divers are not required to do the job.
be not obliged to ‫غي مضطر عىل فعله‬ ➢ Actors are not obliged to be glamorous.

16
 Ability & Lack of Ability – ‫القدرة وعدم القدرة‬
‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
can ➢ He can play chess better than anyone I know.
‫سء‬‫للحديث عن ي‬
could ➢ He could win the school chess cup. ‫لكنه لم يفز‬
‫يمكنك أن تفعله‬ ً
be able to ➢ He was able to win the school chess cup. ‫حقا‬ ‫فاز‬
can't
‫سء‬‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ Hamzah can’t visit us this week. He’s busy.
couldn’t
‫ال يمكنك أن تفعله‬ ➢ Hamzah wasn’t able to/couldn’t visit us last week.
be not able to

‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
managed to ‫سء‬‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ The police managed to find the child in time.
succeeded in (V-ing) ‫استطعت أن تفعله‬ ➢ He succeeded in persuading her to help.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. Alia could / was able to pass her driving test.
2. Huda could / was able to speak four languages.
3. My cousin didn’t want to move to Germany at first, but his parents could / managed to
persuade him.
4. How did you manage to / could you stay so slim when living at your grandma’s? She’s an
excellent cook!
5. I somehow managed to / could make him believe me.

Permission – ‫السماح‬
‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
can/may ‫سء‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ Can/May I ask you a question?
could ‫مسموح لك فعله‬ ➢ I could sleep a bit late when I didn’t have school.
can't ‫سء‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ I can’t go with you to the concert. I am punished.
couldn’t ‫غي مسموح لك فعله‬ ➢ I couldn’t stay out late when I was younger.

17
 ‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
be allowed to ‫سء‬‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ We are permitted to enter the lab.
be permitted to ‫مسموح لك فعله‬ ➢ Why has pollution of the beach been allowed?

Prohibition – ‫المنع‬
‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
mustn’t ‫سء ممنوع‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ People mustn’t/can’t park their cars here.
can’t ‫فعله (حسب القواعد‬ ➢ Women couldn’t drive in Saudi Arabia few
couldn’t ‫ز‬
)‫والقواني‬ years ago.

‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
‫سء ممنوع‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ Students are not allowed to go there.
be not allowed to
‫فعله (حسب القواعد‬ ➢ We were forbidden to use the Internet
be forbidden to ‫ز‬
)‫والقواني‬ in the office.

Possibility – ‫اإلمكانية‬
‫األفعال الناقصة‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
‫سء محتمل حدوثه‬ ‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ It can rain heavily in winter.
can
‫بشكل عام دون تحديد زمن‬ ➢ Referees can make mistakes sometimes.
could ‫للحديث عن معلومة ممكن أن تكون‬ ➢ There could/might be life on other
might )‫صحيحة (حت لو احتمال ضعيف‬ planets.
‫سء تنوي فعله‬
‫للحديث عن ي‬ ➢ We might go for a meal later.
might
‫بالمستقبل لكن غي متأكد‬ ➢ I might study a bit when I go home.

‫األفعال ذات الصلة‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
‫سء محتمل‬ ‫للحديث عن‬
be likely to ً ‫ي‬ ➢ This film is likely to win a number of Oscars.
‫حدوثه مستقبل‬
‫سء مؤكد‬ ‫للحديث عن‬ ➢ It’s a very difficult test. Some people are
be bound to ً ‫ي‬
‫حدوثه مستقبل‬ bound to fail in it.

18
 ‫وصل األفعال مع استخداماتها‬

Necessity
No necessity
Prohibition
Duty and advice
Ability / Lack of ability
Permission

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. You have to make your bed at a youth hostel.
a) necessity b) prohibition c) duty d) no necessity e) ability
2. You must not take room keys out of the hotel.
a) necessity b) prohibition c) duty d) no necessity e) ability
3. I could swim like a fish at the age of four.
a) necessity b) prohibition c) duty d) no necessity e) ability
4. If there’s a fire, you must use the stairs, not the lift.
a) necessity b) prohibition c) duty d) no necessity e) ability
5. You don’t have to switch on the light – it’s automatic
a) necessity b) prohibition c) duty d) no necessity e) ability

‫ضع الفعل المناسب زف الفراغ حسب ز‬

‫معت الجملة‬ ‫ي‬

1. I’ve ____________ to settle in pretty well.

2. I’ve ____________ in making quite a few friends.
3. Even my younger brother, who’s only 15, is ____________ to stay out until eleven or later.
4. Obviously, we’re ____________ to have an adult with us.
5. It’s ____________ to have an adult with to chew gum.
6. At home, I’m not ____________ to stay out after 10 p.m.

19
 ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬
1. We only moved in a week ago and we’ve already managed / forbidden to get to know the
neighbours.
2. Only local residents are required / permitted to park in the streets here.
3. You are allowed / supposed to sort your recycling carefully.
4. The city has succeeded / obliged in reducing the traffic significantly.
5. Glass is strictly forbidden / permitted in the swimming pool area.

‫ز‬
‫المعت معاكس‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجملة بحيث يصبح‬
1. We have to arrive exactly on time.
_____________________________________________________.
2. You mustn’t wear jeans in the restaurant.
_____________________________________________________.
3. Customers may park here.
_____________________________________________________.
4. I couldn’t find my glasses.
_____________________________________________________.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

• There are some things you 1.____________ know before visiting Thailand. Thai people are
more laid back than the average tourist, so you 2.____________ lose your temper and you
3.____________ raise your voice at anyone in public. Thai people never point the soles of
their feet at anyone or anything, so you 4.____________ never sit with your feet up on a
table, for example. Finally, remember that it is 5.____________ to touch any exhibit in
historical museums.

1. a) ought to b) don’t have to c) are able to

2. a) couldn’t b) mustn’t c) don’t have
3. a) could b) couldn’t c) shouldn’t
4. a) have to b) should c) could
5. a) permitted b) forbidden c) obliged

20
 ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة ز‬
have to ‫ و‬able to ‫بي أشكال‬
1. Unfortunately, we ____________ see the new flat because they’d lost the key.
a) weren't able to b) didn’t have to c) aren’t able to
2. Good news! Grandma ____________ come next weekend.
a) has to b) will be able to c) was able to
3. We ____________ pay for the garage; it was for free.
a) weren’t able to b) don’t have to c) didn’t have to
4. Don’t worry! You ____________ book the tickets. I’ll take care of everything.
a) don’t have to b) doesn’t have to c) aren’t able to

‫ز‬
‫المعت‬ ‫ضع الفعل المناسب ز يف الفراغ حسب‬
[ HAVE TO / OUGHT TO / MUSTN'T / BE ABLE TO ]
Amina: I ____________ forget to collect that parcel from the post office today. Dana: You
____________ write yourself a note. Amina: Would you ____________ do it, Dana? You’re
nothing like as busy as me. Dana: Well, I suppose so, if I ____________.

[ ALLOWED TO / MUST / REQUIRED TO / MAY ]

Kareem: Am I ____________ pay a deposit before I move in to my room? Manager: Yes, all
students ____________ pay two months’ rent in advance. Kareem: And ____________ I pay
that with a credit card? Manager: No, sorry. I’m only ____________ accept cash or a bank
transfer.

[ HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO / SUPPOSED TO / COULDN'T / SUCCEEDED IN ]

Ali: You were ____________ video call me, Issa. What happened? Issa: I ____________ find
your details, Ali. Didn’t you see my email? Ali: I ____________ log on since yesterday.
Something’s wrong. Issa: Sometimes, I think technology has only ____________ making life
more complicated!

‫أعد كتابة الجملة باستخدام الفعل باللون الغامق‬

1. You should recycle your rubbish. SUPPOSED

You _____________________________________________ your rubbish.
2. I was able to pick up the language quickly. SUCCEEDED
I _____________________________________________ the language quickly.
3. In the UK, it isn’t necessary to carry an ID card. REQUIRED

21
 You _____________________________________________ an ID card in the UK.
4. How many bags can I take on the aeroplane? ALLOWED
How many bags _____________________________________________ on the aeroplane?
5. I managed to find somewhere to study German as soon as I arrived. ABLE
__________________________________ somewhere to study German as soon as I arrived.
6. You’re allowed to ride a bike on local roads. PERMITTED
Bike riders _____________________________________________ on local roads.
7. In Spain, you should eat an orange with a knife and fork. SUPPOSED
In Spain, _________________________________________ an orange with a knife and fork.

‫ز‬
‫المعت‬ ‫ضع الفعل المناسب ز يف الفراغ حسب‬
[ a) forbidden b) required/obliged c) must d) permitted/allowed e) mustn’t ]
1. Only paying guests are __________ in the hostel.
2. Use of portable audio speakers is completely __________ throughout the hostel.
3. All guests are __________ to keep noise to a minimum after 10 p.m.
4. Guests __________ leave all areas clean and tidy after use. No exceptions!
5. Animals are not __________ in the hostel.
6. Guests __________ leave food behind when they check out of the hostel.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. We have to / mustn’t / ought to call the plumber. I can’t fix this leaking pipe myself.
2. Luckily, I could / was able to / managed to make new friends quickly at university.
3. You needn’t / don’t have to / can’t repair the flat tyre today. We can do it tomorrow.
4. The shop isn’t obliged to / mustn’t / doesn’t have to remove the scratches from your
smartphone screen free of charge, but you can ask.
5. You are not allowed to / not permitted to / not obliged to work unless you have a visa.
6. People driving a car are required to / are able to / should carry a driving licence.

22
 Articles – ‫أدوات التنكير والتعريف‬

The Indefinite Article – ‫أداة التنكير‬

‫ وتستخدم مع األسماء المعدودة المفردة فقط‬a/an ‫أداة التنكير في اللغة اإلنجليزية هي‬
➢ a car – a cars / a cup of water – a water
‫ في حال جاء بعدها صوت ع ّلة‬a ‫ بدلًا من‬an ‫ نستخدم‬:‫مالحظة‬
➢ an egg – a egg / an umbrella – a umbrella

‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
the listener doesn’t know which particular ➢ I have finally found a job!
thing is being referred to ➢ I bought a car last week. It’s amazing!
ً
‫الشء الذي نتكلم عنه‬
‫المستمع ال يعرف تحديدا ما هو ي‬ ➢ I’m reading a really good article.
it doesn’t matter which particular thing is
➢ I ate an apple before leaving the house.
being referred to
ً ➢ Let’s drink a cup of tea first.
‫الشء‬
‫من غي المهم أن يعرف المستمع ما هو تحديدا ي‬ ➢ I think I’ll need an umbrella.
‫الذي نتكلم عنه‬

The Definite Article – ‫أداة التعريف‬

‫ ويمكن استخدامها مع جميع األسماء سواء مفرد أو جمع‬the ‫أداة التعريف في اللغة اإلنجليزية هي‬
‫تماما ما هو الشيء الذي نتكلم عنه بالتحديد‬
ً ‫ونستخدمها عندما يكون المستمع مدرك‬

‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
the thing/person was mentioned before ➢ I’m reading a really good article. The article
‫ ي‬/‫الشخص‬
‫الشء تم ذكره قبل ذلك‬ talks about …
the thing/person is unique ➢ Half of the population live in the capital.
‫الشء ز‬/‫الشخص‬
‫ممي وفريد من نوعه‬ ➢ The moon is shining.
‫ي‬
the thing/person is defined specifically
➢ My grandmother is the head of the family.
by the words that follow
➢ This is the king of Jordan.
‫ ي‬/‫الشخص‬
‫الشء تم تحديده بالسياق‬
with seasons
➢ My favorite season is the winter.
‫مع الفصول األرب ع‬
with names of mountain ranges, oceans
➢ The Nile is the longest river in the world.
and rivers

23
 ‫مع أسماء سالسل الجبال والمحيطات واألنهار‬
with groups of people
➢ The rich have access to many luxuries.
‫عندما نتحدث عن مجموعة أو طبقة من الناس‬
with superlatives ➢ The largest city in Jordan is Maan.
‫مع صفات التفضيل‬ ➢ The most dangerous animal is the lion.
with comparatives ➢ The first time I went there was in 2018.
‫مع صفات المقارنة‬ ➢ The second film was amazing!
➢ I have two sisters. The older sister lives in
with ordinal numbers Egypt.
‫مع األرقام اليتيبية‬ ➢ I have two cars. The more powerful one is
the BMW.
with decades, centuries ➢ in the 1950s
‫مع العقود والقرون‬ ➢ in the 18th century.

Zero Article – ‫بدون أداة‬

:‫في بعض الحاالت قد ال نستخدم أي أداة مما سبق خاصة مع األسماء الجمع واألسماء غير المعدودة‬

‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة‬
➢ Life was very hard and over one million
when we make general statements
people emigrated.
‫عندما نتحدث بشكل عام دون تحديد‬
➢ Cats are cute animals.
with words like prison, hospital, school,
college, etc. when we are talking about ➢ I go to school every day.
their purpose as an institution ➢ He’s been in hospital for two weeks
‫عندما نتحدث عن مكان بشكل عام دون تحديد مبتز‬ now.
‫ز‬
‫معي‬
➢ I live in Jordan. The capital of Jordan is
with most place names and people names
Amman.
‫عندما نتحدث عن أسماء الدول والمدن والمناطق‬
➢ I met Omar at the mall yesterday.

Building ‫ إذا كنا نتحدث عنه ك‬B ‫ أو‬institution ‫ إذا كنا نتحدث عن المكان ك‬I ‫اخي‬
1. Spending time in hospital is especially difficult for children. I / B
2. The hospital is an important landmark in our town. I / B
3. Fadi always loved school. I / B
4. Ali walks past the school every day. I / B

24
5. Turn right when you see the gates of the university and the garage is on your left. I / B
6. Ali isn’t going to university now. I / B
7. I went to the college next to the hospital. I / B
8. My sister left college last year. I / B

[ a/an , the , ø ] ‫ضع األداة المناسبة لكل استخدام‬

9. We use ________ with the names of people, places and most countries.
10. We use ________ with singular countable nouns.
11. We use ________ with uncountable nouns.
12. We usually use ________ with seasons.
13. We use ________ with names of mountain ranges, oceans and rivers.
14. We use ________ before superlative adjectives
15. We use ________ with regions in the world.
16. We use ________ for something we have mentioned before.
17. We use ________ with groups of people.
18. We use ________ with specific jobs.

[ a/an , the , ø ] ‫ضع األداة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

• At the age of 16, Zaid Alkhayyat decided to give up his home comforts and live alone in
________ tent. At the time, he was ________ youngest student doing a two-year course at
the School of Adventure Studies on the Isle of Skye in ________ Scotland. ________ tent
was in a remote part of ________ island and almost impossible to find without ________
detailed directions. Every morning, he would get up at 6 a.m., wash in ________ river, light
________ fire and drink ________ cup of tea before going to ________ college. While
studying at the Adventure School, he also gave ________ lessons to conservation experts
about how to survive in ________ wild.

ً
[ a/an , the , ø ] ‫مستخدما األداة المناسبة عند الحاجة‬ ‫أعد ترتيب الجملة‬
1. I / live / in / flat / near / city centre / in / Amman
_______________________________________________________________________.
2. I / have / dream / of climbing / Jabal Umm ad Dami
_______________________________________________________________________.
3. I / prefer / mountains / to / sea
_______________________________________________________________________.
4. I / once / went / to / hospital / for / operation

25
 _______________________________________________________________________.
5. I live near / River Thames / which flows through / London
_______________________________________________________________________.

[ a/an , the , ø ] ‫ضع األداة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

Lama: Hi, Nour! I hear you’ve moved into ________ new flat. How is it? Nour: Lama! It’s nice to
hear from you. ________ flat is great. My room is a bit small, but it’s only 400 JOD ________
month, so I can’t complain, and I’ve got ________ really nice flatmates too. There’s Dana from
________ USA and Muna from ________ Dubai. Lama: It sounds like a real international
community you’ve got in your flat. Where exactly is it? Nour: It’s on ________ road, near
________ university. Would you like to come round for ________ cup of tea? Lama: I’d love to.

[ a/an , the , ø ] ‫ضع األداة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

• Although some people in ________ Jordan live in flats, ________ lot of people prefer
houses. They tend to be more spacious and often have ________ garden. My uncle and
aunt live in ________ small house in ________ country. The view from ________ top of
________ nearby cliffs over ________ sea is ________ most amazing one I have ever seen!
I’ve been to visit them four or five times ________ year ever since I can remember and we
often drive to ________ mountains and go hiking. Now that I’m at ________ college, I can’t
visit so often. Next year, I’m going to study in ________ USA at ________ Washington
University, and after that I want to travel round ________ South America.

‫ال تنسى )مراجعة‬

+ ‫الوحدة السادسة‬
‫االمتحان) على المنصة‬

26
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة السابعة‬
‫‪ ---------------------------28‬متالزمات متعلقة بالعمل الخيري – ‪Charity Collocations‬‬
‫‪ ----------------------------28‬مفردات القضايا االجتماعية – ‪Social Issues Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ ------------------------------------------------29‬المقاطع التي تأتي نهاية الكلمات – ‪Suffixes‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------------31‬مفردات عشوائية – ‪Random Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------32‬متالزمات متعلقة باألفكار – ‪Thought Collocations‬‬
‫‪ ------------------------------------33‬مفردات متعلقة باألعمال – ‪Business Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ -------------------------33‬عبارات التعبير عن اآلراء – ‪Expressing Opinions Phrases‬‬

‫قطع الوحدة السابعة‬

‫‪ ------------------------------------34‬اللطف واألعمال الخيرية – ‪Kindness and Charity‬‬
‫‪ ----------------------------------38‬إيصال رسالتك – ‪Getting Your Message Across‬‬

‫قواعد الوحدة السابعة‬

‫‪ ---------------------------------------------------40‬الكالم المنقول – ‪Reported Speech‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------------------54‬األفعال الناقلة للكالم – ‪Reporting Verbs‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة السابعة‬

Charity Collocations – ‫متالزمات متعلقة بالعمل الخيري‬

16‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
contaminate fresh water ‫تلويث إمدادات المياه‬
broken pipes ‫انابيب مكسورة‬
supplies ‫العذبة‬
install new ‫تركيب مراحيض‬
provide water filters ‫توفي مرشحات المياه‬
toilets ‫جديدة‬
environmental problems ‫المشاكل البيئية‬ natural disasters ‫الكوارث الطبيعية‬

‫أكمل المتالزمات‬
1. _____________ fresh water supplies
2. _____________ water filters
3. _____________ problems
4. _____________ pipes
5. _____________ new toilets
6. _____________ disasters

Social Issues Vocabulary – ‫مفردات القضايا االجتماعية‬

18‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
environmental problems ‫المشاكل البيئية‬ homelessness ‫الترسد‬
gender equality ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
‫المساواة بي الجنسي‬ immigration ‫الهجرة‬
health facilities ‫المرافق الصحية‬ poverty ‫الفقر‬
racism ‫العنرصية‬ unemployment ‫البطالة‬
work opportunities ‫فرص عمل‬ environment ‫البيئة‬

‫ز‬
‫المعت‬ ‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ حسب‬
[ environment / facilities / homes / opportunities / poverty ]
The Jordanian Royal Family …
1. helps to move people out of _____________.
2. aims to give better work _____________ to women and young people.

28
3. helps to improve health _____________.
4. helps refugees to find _____________ as well as with their education, finance and work.
5. promotes sustainable development that does not harm the _____________.

‫ز‬
‫المعت‬ ‫وصل الجمل اآلتية ليكتمل‬
1. Businesses are now very aware of the importance of gender …
2. The city is trying to do more about the problem of homelessness, …
3. Youth unemployment is a problem in many countries, …
4. Climate change doesn't need to be a problem …
5. The university is against racism, …
6. We are hoping to reduce poverty …

a) if all countries work against it.

b) and will help people of any nationality.
c) equality, and women should have the same pay as men.
d) which is why we are training young people in new skills.
e) by giving more people better paid jobs.
f) and shelters are available for people who need a bed for the night.

Suffixes – ‫المقاطع التي تأتي نهاية الكلمات‬

18‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
Noun Suffixes Verb Suffixes Adjective Suffixes
‫مقاطع األسماء‬ ‫مقاطع األفعال‬ ‫مقاطع الصفات‬
-able/ible (comfortable,
-ate (complicate,
-dom (freedom) flexible, enforceable,
discriminate)
justifiable, unacceptable)
-ment (government, entertainment,
-al (formal, equal,
enforcement, discrimination, institution, -ify (clarify, justify)
institutional, useful )
unemployment)
-sion/tion/cion (conclusion,
-en (shorten,
organisation, suspicion, expansion, -ful (useful)
weaken)
justification)
-ity (equality) -ute (commute) -ive (productive, expansive)
-ise (equalize,
-ness (weakness) -less (homeless)
institutionalise)
-ance/ence (reliance, defence) -ory (discriminatory)

29
 -ed (justified, complicated,
-ice (practice)
misjudged)

‫امأل الجدول بالكلمات المناسبة‬

Verb Noun Adjective
enforce enforceable
equal
expansion expansive
discrimination
institutionalise institution
justifiable/justified

‫امأل الجدول بالكلمات المناسبة‬

[ comfort / form / free / govern / home / organise / product / short / use / weak ]

Suffix Word
-dom
-ment
-tion
-ness
-en
-able
-al
-ful
-ive
-less

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. This is a good law, but I am not sure it is enforce / enforceable.
2. The factory has grown recently, and has been more successful since the expanse /
expansion.
3. The university in our city is an important institution / institutionalise.

30
4. How can the factory justify / justifiable polluting the river like that?
5. It is good that men and women get equal / equality pay in this business.
6. Keep your argument simple and try not to complicate / complicated it.

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ مع إضافة مقطع لها‬

[ accept / discriminate / employ / equal / judge ]
1. He ________________ how many sandwiches he would need for the family party and didn’t
make enough.
2. We think some of the boss’s attitudes are ________________ as he tends to give men more
opportunities than women.
3. The school called the boy’s parents because his behaviour in class was completely
________________.
4. ________________ means that everyone has exactly the same rights.
5. Some countries have very high ________________ and it is difficult for young people to find
a job.

‫أضف مقطع مناسب للكلمات اآلتية‬

• The Student Union is an ________________ (ORGANISE) that helps students when they go
to a Jordanian university. The Union aims to help students interact with other students and
teaching staff as well as helping them in their studies. Some students are quite young when
they start their studies and can feel ________________ (COMFORT) in their first weeks. The
Union will be pleased to ________________ (CLEAR) any doubts students have; however
small you might think they are. The Student Union also aims to raise students’ awareness of
Jordanian culture and helps them to interact in a positive way to the local community.
Finally, the Union can help students enjoy the ________________ (ENTERTAIN), social and
sports activities available to them at university.

Random Vocabulary – ‫مفردات عشوائية‬

19‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
set out ‫يبدأ مهمة ما‬ begin a task with a particular aim
set up ‫يضع‬ put in position
above ‫أعىل من‬ higher than
‫ر‬ used with certain numbers (ages, speed, amounts) to mean
over ‫أكي من‬
more than

31
 test ‫يختي‬
‫ر‬ take measures to check something
prove ‫يثبت‬ use evidence to show the truth
the fact that .. ‫حقيقة أن‬ refers forward to what is being discussed
in fact ‫ز يف الواقع‬ refers to the truth of a situation, especially if we didn’t expect it

‫العبارة ز يف الفراغ المناسب‬/‫ضع الكلمة‬

1. set out / set up
a. They _____________ to discover and reveal the mysteries of the underwater world.
b. The cameras were _____________ in different locations.
2. over / above
a. Every day, _____________ 10,000 acres of trees are lost.
b. You can see storms in clouds passing over different countries, ... all filmed from 400
kilometres _____________ our planet.
3. test / prove
a. Doctors _____________ her and discovered she would be deaf and blind.
b. The documentary _____________ that having a disability does not always stop
people from doing amazing things.
4. in fact / the fact
a. _____________ that she could not see or hear did not stop her from enjoying the
same things as all of us.
b. _____________ she also helped many other people with disabilities.

Thought Collocations – ‫متالزمات متعلقة باألفكار‬

15‫كتاب التمارين ص‬
‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
prove someone right ‫يثبت صحة الكالم‬ bright ideas ‫أفكار جيدة‬
look at the problem from
‫ينظر إىل المشكلة من زاوية مختلفة‬ share your thoughts ‫شارك أفكارك‬
a different angle

‫أكمل المتالزمات اآلتية‬

[ angle / bright / prove / share ]
1. His parents said he wasn’t working hard enough and his terrible exam results have
_____________ them right.
2. Does anyone have any _____________ ideas for Maha’s surprise family party?
3. To find a solution I think we need to look at the problem from a different _____________.

32
4. Please _____________ your thoughts on what you think went wrong.

Business Vocabulary – ‫مفردات متعلقة باألعمال‬

‫ قطعة اللطف والعمل الخيري‬21/20‫مفردات النص كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
industrious ‫مجتهد‬/‫كادح‬ Being busy or working very hard
commission ‫عمولة‬ Money that is paid to a salesperson for selling something
intern ‫المتدرب‬ A person who does a job to get experience
integral ‫أساس‬
‫ي‬ Very important to, or an essential part of, something
‫غي مجهز‬
ill-equipped Not having the correct tools or skills
‫بشكل جيد‬
anonymous ‫مجهول‬ referring to someone whose name is not known
proceeds ‫العائدات‬ the total money received from selling or organising something
foundation ‫مؤسسة‬ an organisation started for a specific purpose

Expressing Opinions Phrases – ‫عبارات التعبير عن اآلراء‬

23‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ Function ‫الوظيفة‬
It goes without saying that … .. ‫من الواضح أن‬
‫بدون ز‬ Strong opinion
Without a shadow of a doubt, … .. ‫أدن شك‬
‫رأي قوي‬
Frankly, I think it’s obvious that … .. ‫برصاحة أعتقد أنه من الواضح أن‬
Less strong opinion
As far as I’m concerned, … .. ‫أما بالنسبة يىل‬
‫رأي أقل قوة‬
،‫إنها فكرة جيدة من حيث المبدأ‬
It’s a good idea in principle, but …
.. ‫ولكن‬ Counter opinion
I can see where they’re/you’re ‫رأي معاكس‬
.. ‫أتفهم وجهة نظرك ولكن‬
coming from, but …
I’m no expert, but … ً
.. ‫خبيا ولكن‬ ‫لست‬
Tentative opinion
I tend to think (that) … .. ‫أميل إىل االعتقاد بأن‬ ‫رأي ر‬
‫مندد‬
I’m inclined to think (that) … .. ‫أميل إىل االعتقاد بأن‬
That’s debatable, isn’t it? ‫ أليس كذلك؟‬،‫هذا قابل للنقاش‬ Challenging somebody
You’re entitled to your opinion, but … .. ‫ لكن‬،‫يحق لك إبداء رأيك‬ else’s opinion
Are you saying that …? .. ‫هل تقول بأن‬ ‫التقليل من رأي اآلخرين‬

33
 Kindness and Charity – ‫اللطف واألعمال الخيرية‬
)Short Paragraphs ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬21‫قطعة ص‬
A - MOVING MOUNTAINS ‫أ – الجبال المتحركة‬
‫ز‬
As a teenager, the sight of Mount Kilimanjaro rising ‫ كانت‬،‫عندما كان فنن جونز يف سن المراهقة‬
majestically above the Serengeti made Vern Jones ‫رؤيته لجبل كليمنجارو وهو يرتفع بشموخ فوق‬
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
desperately want to climb it. Finally in 2014, at the ‫ ي‬.‫ينجيت تجعله يرغب بشدة يف تسلقه‬
‫وف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫سي‬
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
age of 62, Vern finally realised his dream while ‫ حقق فين‬،‫وف سن الثانية والستي‬ ‫ ي‬،2014 ‫عام‬
accompanied by his daughters and their husbands. ً ‫حلمه‬
‫ كان‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫أخيا برفقة بناته وأزواجهن‬
However, he was all too aware that he couldn’t have ‫تماما أنه لم يكن لينجح بدون مساعدة‬ ً ‫مد ًركا‬
succeeded without the help of the guides. These ً ‫ الذين‬،‫ هؤالء الشباب‬.‫المرشدين‬
‫غالبا ما يكونون‬
ً ً
young men, who are often ill-equipped themselves ،‫أجورا زهيدة‬ ‫غن مجهزين جيدا ويتقاضون‬
and poorly paid, work daily in dangerous conditions ‫يوميا ز يف ظروف خطية لمساعدة‬
ً ‫يعملون‬
to help climbers achieve their goals. Vern’s response ‫ز‬
‫ وكان رد فعل‬.‫المتسلقي عىل تحقيق أهدافهم‬
was to found Kili Summit Club which raises money ‫فين هو تأسيس نادي قمة كليمنجارو الذي‬
to help the guides from the proceeds of mountain ‫يجمع األموال لمساعدة المرشدين من عائدات‬
gear sales. They receive footwear and equipment to ‫ ويحصلون عىل أحذية‬.‫مبيعات معدات الجبال‬
help them with their work, as well as commission ‫ باإلضافة إىل‬،‫ومعدات لمساعدتهم ز يف عملهم‬
from sales, allowing climbers to support them long ‫ز‬
‫للمتسلقي‬ ‫ مما يسمح‬،‫عمولة من المبيعات‬
after their adventure is over. .‫بدعمهم لفية طويلة بعد انتهاء مغامرتهم‬

1. What inspired Vern Jones to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. At what age did Vern Jones achieve his goal of climbing the mountain, and who
accompanied him?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What challenges do the mountain guides face while assisting climbers?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How does the Kili Summit Club support the mountain guides?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What are two benefits that the guides receive from the sales of mountain gear?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Why does Vern believe it is important to support the guides even after the climb is over?
___________________________________________________________________________

34
 ً ً
B - KINDNESS IS AS EASY AS PIE ‫أ – من السهل جدا أن تكون لطيفا‬
In the Autumn of 2012, Lisa Ludwinski started ‫لودوينسك عملها‬ ‫ بدأت ز‬،2012 ‫زف خريف عام‬
‫لنا‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
her business from her parents’ kitchen when she .‫ فطنة‬40 ‫من مطبخ والديها عندما صنعت وبيعت‬
made and sold 40 pies. The reaction to them was ً
‫إيجابيا للغاية لدرجة أنها‬ ‫وكان رد الفعل تجاهها‬
so positive that she kept going. What followed ‫ وما تال ذلك كان بضع سنوات من العمل‬.‫استمرت‬
was an industrious few years. Lisa took a business ‫ليا بدورة تدريبية ز يف إدارة‬
‫ التحقت ز‬.‫الدؤوب‬
class, took on an intern and raised money for her ‫ وتدربت عىل يد متدرب وجمعت المال‬،‫األعمال‬
own bakery in Detroit, Michigan. She even did a ‫ حت‬.‫دينويت بوالية ميشيغان‬ ‫لمخنها الخاص زف ر‬ ‫ز‬
‫ي‬
24-hour fund-raising activity, bringing in $26,593, 24 ‫أنها قامت بنشاط لجمع التنعات عىل مدار‬
which allowed her to open Sister Pie in April, ‫ مما سمح لها بفتح‬،‫دوالرا‬ ً 26593 ‫ وحققت‬،‫ساعة‬
2015. Integral to Lisa’s business philosophy is ‫ يعد جعل‬.2015 ‫ ز يف أبريل‬Sister Pie ‫مخي‬ ‫رز‬
making Sister Pie a part of the community. Due to ‫أساسيا من المجتمع من فلسفة‬ ً ً Sister Pie
‫جزءا‬
this, she operates a ‘Pie it Forward’ system where Pie it " ‫ تدير نظام‬،‫ ونتيجة لهذا‬.‫ليا‬ ‫عمل ز‬
customers can purchase a coupon. This is then ‫ ثم‬.‫" حيث يمكن للعمالء شاء قسيمة‬Forward
kept on the wall and can be used by strangers, ‫يتم االحتفاظ بها عىل الحائط ويمكن استخدامها من‬
who may not have enough money, to enjoy a slice ‫يكف من‬ ‫ز‬
‫ الذين قد ال يكون لديهم ما ي‬،‫قبل الغرباء‬
of the delicious pies. .‫ لالستمتاع برسيحة من الفطائر اللذيذة‬،‫المال‬

1. Where did Lisa Ludwinski first start her pie business, and how many pies did she sell
initially?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What steps did Lisa take to expand her business after the initial success?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How much money did Lisa raise through her 24-hour fundraising activity?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. When did Lisa officially open Sister Pie, and where is it located?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the purpose of the ‘Pie it Forward’ system at Sister Pie?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. How does Lisa incorporate community involvement into her business philosophy?
___________________________________________________________________________

35
 ‫ز‬
C - THE MILK OF HUMAN KINDNESS ‫اإلنسان‬
‫ي‬ ‫ حليب يعن عن اللطف‬-‫ج‬
‫ كانت تريس وارشال تقف فز‬،2015 ‫زف عام‬
In 2015, Tracy Warshal was in the queue at a busy ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
shop during the holiday season when the man in ‫طابور ز يف متجر مزدحم خالل موسم العطالت‬
front of her realised he’d forgotten his wallet. Tracy ‫نش‬
‫عندما أدرك الرجل الذي كان أمامها أنه ي‬
paid for the stranger’s milk and other items, and ‫تريش ثمن الحليب وغيه من‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ دفعت‬.‫محفظته‬
after thanking her and asking her name, he was on ‫ وبعد أن‬،‫الت اشياها الرجل الغريب‬ ‫األشياء ي‬
‫ز‬
his way. She thought no more of it until a month ‫ لم‬.‫ انطلق يف طريقه‬،‫شكرتها وسألتها عن اسمها‬
later when she was contacted by colleagues at the ‫أكي من ذلك حت بعد شهر عندما‬ ‫تفكر زف األمر ر‬
‫ي‬
cancer charity where she worked. They told her ‫اتصل بها زمالؤها ز يف مؤسسة خنية لمكافحة‬
that the man, who wished to remain anonymous, ،‫أخيوها أن الرجل‬ ‫ ر‬.‫الشطان حيث كانت تعمل‬
wanted to donate $10,000 to the foundation in her ‫ أراد التنع‬،‫الذي أراد عدم الكشف عن هويته‬
name. As she was wearing a T-shirt with the ‫ وبما أنها‬.‫ آالف دوالر للمؤسسة باسمها‬10 ‫بمبلغ‬
charity’s name on it at the shop, he was able to ‫قميصا يحمل اسم المؤسسة الخيية‬ ً ‫كانت ترتدي‬
track her down. She told reporters, ‘I’m just so ‫ وقالت‬.‫ فقد تمكن من تعقبها‬،‫ز يف المتجر‬
excited that one small gesture made a huge ‫ز‬
‫ "أنا متحمسة للغاية ألن لفتة صغية‬:‫للصحافيي‬
ً ً
ً ‫واحدة أحدثت فرقا‬
difference and impact on a lot of people. I hope it ‫وتأثنا عىل الكثي من‬ ‫كبيا‬
makes some people think twice about doing ‫ آمل أن تجعل بعض الناس يفكرون مر ز‬.‫الناس‬
‫تي‬
something small to somebody.’ ."‫بشء صغي لشخص ما‬ ‫قبل القيام ي‬

1. What prompted Tracy Warshal to help the man in the shop?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. How did the man later show his appreciation for Tracy’s kindness?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How was the man able to find Tracy after their encounter at the shop?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What organization did Tracy work for, and how did it benefit from her good deed?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What message did Tracy share with reporters about her experience?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What season was it when Tracy encountered the man at the shop, and why might that be
significant?
___________________________________________________________________________

36
 ‫سؤال الكتاب‬
1. In text A, why did Vern Jones choose to go to Mount Kilimanjaro?
a. He felt it would be a good opportunity to start a business.
b. He wanted to join his family who were planning to go there.
c. He’d been inspired by images of the area from a young age.
d. He wanted to learn how to help other people climb it.

2. In text A, what difference has Kili Summit Club made?

a. It helps guides find well-paid work in other areas.
b. It raises money and provides resources for guides.
c. It reduces the risk of accidents for guides.
d. It ensures guides receive a higher salary than before.

3. In text B, what is mentioned as being important for Lisa about her business?
a. It needs to be a place where all local people feel welcome.
b. It should raise as much money as possible for charities.
c. It has to be successful enough to open more bakeries in the area.
d. It must become the most famous place in Detroit for pies.

4. In text C, what was the result of Tracy’s actions?

a. Tracy was given a job with more money and responsibility.
b. People suffering from illness were able to receive additional help.
c. There was an increase in the number of donations to her charity.
d. Tracy was able to meet the stranger and thank him for his help.

:‫ بعض الجمل الطويلة تحتوي على قسمين‬:‫مالحظة‬

independent clause ‫قسم يكون معناه متكامل ويسمى‬

➢ She even did a 24-hour fund-raising activity, bringing in $26,593.

dependent clause ‫قسم يكون معناه لوحده غير متكامل ويسمى‬

➢ She even did a 24-hour fund-raising activity, bringing in $26,593.

37
 independent ‫ و‬dependent ‫الت تحتها خط إىل‬‫بالرجوع إىل النص السابق جزء الجمل ي‬
1. These young men, who are often ill-equipped themselves and poorly paid, work daily in
dangerous conditions to help climbers achieve their goals.
a. Dependent Clause: _____________________________________________________
b. Independent Clause: ___________________________________________________
2. This is then kept on the wall and can be used by strangers, who may not have enough
money, to enjoy a slice of the delicious pies.
a. Dependent Clause: _____________________________________________________
b. Independent Clause: ___________________________________________________
3. Tracy paid for the stranger’s milk and other items, and after thanking her and asking her
name, he was on his way.
a. Dependent Clause: _____________________________________________________
b. Independent Clause: ___________________________________________________

Getting Your Message Across – ‫إيصال رسالتك‬

)Short Paragraphs ‫ من كتاب التمارين (نوع النص‬19‫قطعة ص‬
Have you ever supported a social issue? We asked ‫هل سبق لك أن دعمت قضية اجتماعية؟ طلبنا‬
three people to tell us what they think about the ‫يخيونا برأيهم ز يف الطرق‬
‫من ثالثة أشخاص أن ر‬
different ways people make themselves heard. .‫الت يستخدمها الناس إليصال صوتهم‬ ‫المختلفة ي‬

A) Some people say you need a lot of money in ‫أ) يقول بعض الناس إنك تحتاج إىل الكثي من‬
order to help a charity, and if they don’t have this, ‫ وإذا لم يكن لديهم‬،‫المال لمساعدة مؤسسة خيية‬
ً
they do nothing. Having money is important, but in ‫ إن امتالك المال أمر‬.‫ فلن يفعلوا شيئا‬،‫هذا المال‬
reality all you need is determination and a little ‫ ولكن ز يف الواقع كل ما تحتاجه هو التصميم‬،‫مهم‬
time. I’ve been trying to persuade people in my ‫ لقد كنت أحاول إقناع الناس ز يف‬.‫وقليل من الوقت‬
community to help an environmental charity by ‫مجتمع بمساعدة مؤسسة خيية بيئية من خالل‬ ‫ي‬
donating just a few coins each week. At first people ‫ ز يف البداية‬.‫التنع ببضعة عمالت فقط كل أسبوع‬
were not keen, but my persistence has paid off and ‫ لكن إرصاري رأن بثماره‬،‫متحمسي‬
‫ز‬ ‫لم يكن الناس‬
now a lot of people give me a little money – and - ‫يمنحت الكثي من الناس القليل من المال‬‫ز‬ ‫واآلن‬
ً ‫ي‬
that is really helping the charity. .‫وهذا يساعد المؤسسة الخيية حقا‬

38
1. According to the speaker, what is more important than having a lot of money when
supporting a charity?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How did the speaker encourage their community to contribute to the environmental
charity?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What was the initial reaction of people in the community to the speaker’s efforts, and how
did it change over time?
___________________________________________________________________________

B) As far as I’m concerned, social media is the ‫االجتماع‬

‫ي‬ ‫ تعد وسائل التواصل‬،‫ب) بالنسبة يل‬
obvious way to get your message across. All you ‫ كل ما عليك‬.‫الطريقة الواضحة إليصال رسالتك‬
need to do is to pay for a good Internet connection ‫ وهو ما‬،‫فعله هو دفع ثمن اتصال جيد باإلنينت‬
which most people have anyway these days. On a ‫ وعىل المستوى‬.‫يتمتع به معظم الناس هذه األيام‬
more personal level, I let my friends know my ‫ان عىل شبكات‬‫أصدقان عىل آر ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫ أطلع‬،‫الشخص‬
‫ي‬
views on social networks and I would support a ‫االجتماع وأدعم حملة لحماية حقوق‬
‫ي‬ ‫التواصل‬
campaign to protect animal rights. .‫الحيوان‬

C) Last year, I joined a group that wanted to clean ‫ انضممت إىل مجموعة أرادت‬،‫الماض‬ ‫ي‬
‫ز‬ ‫ج) ز يف العام‬
up one of the beaches near Aqaba, where I live. It ‫ حيث‬،‫تنظيف أحد الشواط القريبة من العقبة‬
is very popular with tourists who often leave litter ‫بي السياح‬‫يحظ بشعبية كبية ز‬ ‫ وهو شاط ز‬.‫أعيش‬
there. I used to go to the beach every weekend ً ‫الذين‬
‫ اعتدت‬.‫غالبا ما ييكون القمامة هناك‬
and pick up the litter, all for free! I soon realised ‫الذهاب إىل الشاط كل عطلة نهاية أسبوع وألتقط‬
ً
that volunteering like this helped but didn’t solve ‫ وكل ذلك مجانا! رسعان ما أدركت أن‬،‫القمامة‬
the problem. The only way is to change tourists’ ‫التطوع عىل هذا النحو يساعد لكنه ال يحل‬
attitudes to litter. We have encouraged the ‫ه تغيي مواقف‬ ‫ الطريقة الوحيدة ي‬.‫المشكلة‬
council to put more litter bins around the beaches ‫ لقد شجعنا المجلس عىل‬.‫السياح تجاه القمامة‬
as well as signs reminding people not to litter in ‫وضع المزيد من صناديق القمامة حول الشواط‬
English and Arabic. ‫باإلضافة إىل الفتات تذكر الناس بعدم إلقاء القمامة‬
‫ز‬
.‫اإلنجليية والعربية‬ ‫ز‬
‫باللغتي‬

1. According to Person B, why is social media an effective way to support social issues?
___________________________________________________________________________

39
2. What social cause would Person B be willing to support, and how do they express their
views?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What actions did Person C take to address the litter problem on the beach near Aqaba?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What conclusion did Person C come to about the long-term solution to the litter issue?
___________________________________________________________________________

‫سؤال الكتاب‬
Which person …
1. has used social media to try and get changes made? ____
2. realised what they were doing wasn’t effective? ____
3. believes you don’t need a lot of money to campaign for change? ____

Reported Speech – ‫الكالم المنقول‬

‫) الكالم المنقول‬2 ‫) الكالم المباشر‬1 :‫يوجد نوعين من الكالم في اللغة اإلنجليزية‬

Direct Speech – ‫الكالم المباش‬ ➢ Asma said: “I am studying math now”.

‫(ننقل الكالم باستخدام إشارات االقتباس وال‬
."‫ "أنا أدرس الرياضيات اآلن‬:‫أسما قالت‬
)‫سء ز يف الجملة‬
‫نقوم بتغيي ي‬
Reported Speech – ‫ ➢ الكالم المنقول‬Asma said that she was studying math then.
.‫أسماء قالت أنها كانت تدرس الرياضيات ز يف تلك اللحظة‬
‫(ننقل الكالم بدون إشارات اقتباس ونقوم بتغيي‬
‫ز‬
)‫األفعال والضمائر والظروف يف الجملة‬

Statement – ‫الجملة المثبتة‬

:‫عند تحويل الجملة المثبتة إلى كالم منقول نتبع الخطوات اآلتية‬

that ‫ ثم نضع‬said/told ‫) نبدأ الحل ب‬1

➢ “I can drive any kind of cars.”
o Hussam said that he could drive any kind of cars.
o Hussam told me that he could drive any kind of cars.

40
 ‫) نحول أول فعل في الجملة‬2
• paly → played
• go → went
• is/am/are → was/were
• have/has → had
• do/does → did
V1 → V2
• will → would
• can → could
• shall → should
• may → might
• must → had to
• played → had played
• went → had gone
V2 → had V3 • was/were → had been
• had → had had
• did → had done
• had sent → had sent
had V3 → No change
• had been → had been
• would go → would go
would/could/should/might/had to → No change
• should sleep → should sleep

➢ “School is boring.”
o Eman said that school was boring.
➢ “I sleep late on weekends.”
o Omar said that he slept late on weekends.
➢ “I am trying to buy a nice gift for my mother’s birthday.”
o He said that he was trying to buy a nice gift for his mother’s birthday.
➢ “I contacted the HR last week.”
o Mustafa said that he had contacted the HR the previous week.
➢ “I saw the results of my exams.”
o Emad told me that he had seen the results of his exams.
➢ “Nour had sent me the email.”
o Nour had sent me the email.
➢ “I should study more.”
o She said that she should study more.

41
 ‫) نحول الضمائر اآلتية في الجملة‬3
➢ “I have a nice car.”
I → he / she o Ahmad said that he had a nice car.
o Tasneem said that she had a nice car.
➢ “The teacher praised me”
me → him / her o Tariq said that the teacher had praised him.
o Ruaa said that the teacher had praised her.
➢ “I love my parents.”
my → his / her o Hashem said that he loved his parents.
o Huda said that she loved her parents.
➢ “We are having exams this week.”
we → they
o The students said that they were having exams that week.
➢ “The police arrested us.”
us → them
o They said that the police had arrested them.
➢ “This is our school.”
our → their
o They said that that was their school.
➢ “You are kind.”
o He told me that I was nice.
you → I / he / she /
o He told Omar that he was nice.
we / they
o He told Sara that she was nice.
)‫(فاعل‬
o He told us that we were nice.
o He told his friends that they were nice.
➢ “The teacher asked about you.”
o He told me that the teacher had asked about me.
you → me / him / o He told Zaid that the teacher had asked about him.
her / us / them o He told Ruba that the teacher had asked about her.
)‫(مفعول‬ o He told us that the teacher had asked about us.
o He told the students that the teacher had asked about
them.
➢ “I like your personality.”
o He told me that he liked my personality.
your → my / his / o He told him that he liked his personality.
her / our / their o He told Nour that he liked her personality.
o He told us that he liked our personality.
o He told them that he liked their personality.

42
 ‫) نحول الظروف اآلتية في الجملة‬4
➢ “I live here.”
here → there
o Ahmad said that he lived there.
➢ “I am working now.”
now → then
o Ahmad said that he was working then.
➢ “I will travel tomorrow.”
tomorrow → the following day /
o Ahmad said that he would travel the following
the next day
day.
➢ “I can take a break next week.”
next week → the following week
o Ahmad said that he could take a break the
/ the next week
following week.
➢ “I bought a nice car yesterday.”
yesterday → the day before /
o Ahmad said that he had bought a nice car the
that day
day before.
➢ “I called my friend last week.”
last week → the week before /
o Ahmad said that he had called his friend the
that week
week before.
tonight / today / this evening → ➢ “I am working tonight.”
that night / day / evening o Ahmad said that he was working that night.
➢ “I like this book.”
this → that
o Ahmad said that he liked that book.
➢ “I read these books.”
these → those
o Ahmad said that he had read those books.

‫حول الجمل اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "I have finished my homework."
Omar said that ____________________________________________________.
2. "We are going to the park tomorrow."
They said that ____________________________________________________.
3. "I saw him at the mall yesterday."
She said that ____________________________________________________.
4. "I will call you tonight."
He said that ____________________________________________________.
5. "My parents are watching TV now."
John said that ____________________________________________________.
6. "I visited my grandparents last week."
Sarah said that ____________________________________________________.

43
7. "I can swim very well."
He said that ____________________________________________________.
8. "They have bought a new car."
She said that ____________________________________________________.
9. "I am meeting my friends this evening."
He said that ____________________________________________________.
10. "We were studying when you called."
They said that ____________________________________________________.
11. "I must finish my assignment today."
She said that ____________________________________________________.
12. "You should exercise more."
The doctor told him that ____________________________________________________.
13. "I love my job."
She said that ____________________________________________________.
14. "We had completed the project before the deadline."
They said that ____________________________________________________.
15. "This is our favorite restaurant."
They said that ____________________________________________________.
16. "I don't like spicy food."
Fadi said that ____________________________________________________.
17. "She will travel to London next month."
They said that ____________________________________________________.
18. "I might go to the concert."
He said that ____________________________________________________.
19. "The teacher praised me for my hard work."
She said that ____________________________________________________.
20. "We are planning a trip next summer."
They said that ____________________________________________________.

44
 Yes/No Questions – ‫أسئلة نعم ال‬

‫ال هو السؤال الذي يبدأ بفعل مساعد‬/‫سؤال نعم‬

ً
asked ‫عند تحويل السؤال إلى كالم منقول نتبع نفس الخطوات التي تعلمنها مسبقا لكن نبدأ الجملة ب‬
said/told ‫بدلًا من‬
➢ “Is Hala coming to the party?”
o He asked me if/whether Hala was coming to the party.

that ‫ بدلًا من‬if/whether ‫أيضا أننا استخدمنا‬

ً ‫الحظ‬
➢ “Have you found the wallet?”
o He asked me if/whether I had found the wallet.

‫أيضا أننا قمنا بتبديل موقع الفاعل مع الفعل المساعد ووضعنا نقطة بدلًا من عالمة‬ً ‫أخيرا يجب االنتباه‬
ً
)‫االستفهام )وكأننا أرجعنا السؤال إلى جملة مثبتة‬
➢ “Can he drive manual cars?”
o He asked him if/whether he could drive manual cars.

‫حول األسئلة اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "Can you help me with this project?"
He asked me if _______________________________________________.
2. "Will you attend the meeting tomorrow?"
They asked whether _______________________________________________.
3. "Has she finished her homework?"
The teacher asked whether _______________________________________________.
4. "Are you coming to the party?"
She asked whether _______________________________________________.
5. "Could you pass me the salt?"
He asked if _______________________________________________.
6. "Shall we go to the cinema tonight?"
They asked whether _______________________________________________.
7. "Is it going to rain tomorrow?"
He asked us if _______________________________________________.
8. "May I borrow your book?"
She asked whether _______________________________________________.
9. "Have you been to the new restaurant?"
They asked whether _______________________________________________.

45
10. "Would you like some coffee?"
He asked me if _______________________________________________.

V2 ‫ نحذفهم ونحول الفعل إلى‬do/does ‫ إذا بدأ السؤال ب‬:‫مالحظة‬

had V3 ‫ نحذفها ونحول الفعل إلى‬did ‫أما إذا بدأ السؤال ب‬
➢ “Do you go to the gym?”
o He asked me if/whether I went to the gym.
➢ “Does Ali go the gym?”
o He asked me if/whether Ali went to the gym
➢ “Did you go to the gym?”
o He asked me if/whether I had gone to the gym.

‫حول األسئلة اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "Do you like playing soccer?"
He asked if _______________________________________________.
2. "Does she enjoy reading books?"
They asked me whether _______________________________________________.
3. "Did you finish your assignment?"
The teacher asked if _______________________________________________.
4. "Do they have any plans for the weekend?"
She asked whether _______________________________________________.
5. "Does he speak French?"
He asked us whether _______________________________________________.
6. "Did she go to the party last night?"
They asked me if _______________________________________________.
7. "Do you want to join us for dinner?"
He asked if _______________________________________________.
8. "Does it snow a lot in winter?"
She asked whether _______________________________________________.
9. "Did you see that movie?"
They asked us if _______________________________________________.
10. "Do you need any help?"
He asked me whether _______________________________________________.

46
 WH Questions – WH ‫أسئلة‬

who/where/when/which/why/how/what ‫ وهم‬WH ‫هذا النوع من األسئلة يبدأ بأحد كلمات‬

if/whether ‫ال ونفس المالحظات لكن االختالف الوحيد هنا أننا ال نضع‬/‫نفس خطوات سؤال نعم‬
➢ “Where are you going?”
o He asked me where I was going.
➢ “Why have you bought a new phone?”
o He asked me why I had bought a new phone.
➢ “Who went to the doctor with you?”
o He asked me who had gone to the doctor with me. ‫ال يوجد فاعل هنا‬

‫حول األسئلة اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "What time does the movie start?"
She asked what time _______________________________________________.
2. "Where is the nearest coffee shop?"
He asked where _______________________________________________.
3. "Why is she so happy today?"
They asked why _______________________________________________.
4. "How can I help you?"
She asked how _______________________________________________.
5. "Who wants to join the team?"
He asked who _______________________________________________.

ً
‫سابقا‬ ً
‫ كما تعلمنا‬do/does/did ‫أيضا نحذف أفعال‬
➢ “Where do you want to go this year?”
o He asked me where I wanted to go that year.
➢ “When did the lesson begin?”
o He asked when the lesson had begun.

‫حول األسئلة اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "What time do you usually wake up?"
He asked what time _______________________________________________.
2. "Where does she live?"
She asked where _______________________________________________.

47
3. "When did they arrive?"
They asked when _______________________________________________.
4. "Why do you like this movie?"
He asked why _______________________________________________.
5. "How did you solve the problem?"
She asked how _______________________________________________.

)‫حول األسئلة اآلتية إىل كالم منقول (مختلط‬

1. "Did you finish your project?"
He asked if _______________________________________________.
2. "What time does the train leave?"
She asked what time _______________________________________________.
3. "Where did you go last weekend?"
They asked where _______________________________________________.
4. "Why is she upset?"
He asked why _______________________________________________.
5. "Do they need any help?"
She asked if _______________________________________________.
6. "How did you fix the car?"
They asked how _______________________________________________.
7. "Does he like swimming?"
He asked whether _______________________________________________.
8. "Where is the nearest park?"
She asked where _______________________________________________.
9. "Did she enjoy the concert?"
They asked if _______________________________________________.
10. "What happened at the meeting?"
He asked what _______________________________________________.
11. "Why do you love this place?"
She asked why _______________________________________________.
12. "Can you help me with my homework?"
They asked if _______________________________________________.
13. "How does this machine work?"
He asked how _______________________________________________.
14. "What time do we need to leave?"
She asked what time _______________________________________________.

48
15. "Where do they sell this book?"
He asked where _______________________________________________.
16. "Did you see the new exhibit?"
She asked if _______________________________________________.

Command – ‫جملة األمر‬

‫جملة األمر تبدأ بالفعل مباشرة بدون فاعل‬

told/ordered (object) to V1 ‫عند تحويل جملة األمر إلى كالم منقول يصبح شكل الجملة‬
➢ “Meet me here today.”
o He told me to meet him there that day.
➢ “Do your homework.”
o My father told me to do my homework.

to ‫ قبل‬not ‫ نفس الحل لكن نضيف‬don’t ‫إذا بدأت جملة األمر ب‬

➢ “Don’t go with your friends.”
o He told me not to go with my friends.
➢ “Don’t talk to me like that.”
o He told me not to talk to him like that.

‫حول جمل األمر اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "Sit down."
He told me to _______________________________________________.
2. "Open the window."
She told him to _______________________________________________.
3. "Finish your work by 5 PM."
The teacher told us to _______________________________________________.
4. "Don't touch that!"
He told her not to _______________________________________________.
5. "Go to your room."
She ordered them to _______________________________________________.

49
 Request – ‫جملة الطلب‬

please ‫ وعادةً تحتوي‬told ‫ بدلًا من‬asked ‫جملة الطلب هي نفس جملة األمر لكنها تبدأ ب‬
asked (object) to V1 ‫عند تحويل جملة الطلب إلى كالم منقول يصبح شكل الجملة‬
➢ “Buy me some fish, please”
o He asked me to buy him some fish.
➢ “Please come with me tomorrow.”
o He asked me to come with him the following day.
➢ Don’t call me at night, please.
o He asked me not to call him at night.

‫حول جمل الطلب اآلتية إىل كالم منقول‬

1. "Please lend me your notebook."
He asked me to _______________________________________________.
2. "Please send me the document by email."
She asked him to _______________________________________________.
3. "Don't forget to bring the book tomorrow."
The teacher asked us not to _______________________________________________.
4. "Please give me a ride to the airport."
He asked her to _______________________________________________.
5. "Don't talk during the test."
She asked them not to _______________________________________________.

‫ في الزمن الحاضر ال نغير شيء في الجملة أبدً ا غير الضمائر‬say/tell/ask ‫ إذا جاءت كلمة‬:‫مالحظة‬
➢ “I will be back next week.”
o He says that he will be back next week.
o He has said that he will be back next week.

ً :‫مالحظة‬
‫أيضا إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة ثابتة ال نغير شيء في الجملة أبدً ا غير الضمائر‬
➢ “I am very happy.” (and he is still happy)
ً ‫ز‬
o Dad said that he is very happy. ‫سء‬ ‫تعت أنه ما زال سعيدا ولم يتغي ي‬
‫هنا الجملة ي‬

50
 ‫ قد يطلب منك السؤال أن تحول الجملة بشكل عكسي )من كالم‬... ‫سابقا‬
ً ‫ في كل ما تعلمناه‬:‫مالحظة‬
)‫منقول إلى كالم مباشر‬
➢ He said that he was going to the store.
o "I am going to the store."
➢ She asked if I could help her with the project.
o "Can you help me with the project?"
➢ They told us that they had finished the assignment.
o "We finished the assignment."
➢ He told me to bring my books the next day.
o "Bring your books tomorrow."
➢ She said that it was going to rain later.
o "It is going to rain later."

Direct Speech ‫حول الجمل اآلتية إىل كالم مبارس‬

1. The reporter said that in today’s programme, they would look at some of the amazing
things that different charities were doing.
“In today’s programme, we ___________________________________________________.”
2. The professor said that others had to wash in rivers because they didn’t have clean water in
their houses to have a bath or shower.
“Others ___________________________________________________________________.”
3. The reporter asked how the charity could help these people.
“So how __________________________________________________________________?”
4. The professor said dirty water had mixed with clean water and that had made people ill.
“Dirty water _______________________________________________________________.”
5. The reporter said that he could see the charity really should make a difference to people’s
lives.
“I ________________________________________________________________________.”
6. The professor told us to remember 90% of the world’s natural disasters were related to
water.
“_________________________________________________________________________.”

51
 Direct Speech ‫حول الجمل اآلتية إىل كالم مبارس‬
1. She asked what I had been thinking about at the meeting.
“What were you thinking / have you been thinking about at the meeting?”
2. He said we should only talk about important things.
“We should only have talked / only talk about important things.”
3. He asked us whether we believed the weather was getting hotter.
“Did you / Do you believe the weather is getting hotter?”
4. She said people had talked about the effects of global warming.
“People have talked / talk about the effects of global warming.”
5. He said that their recycling e orts would help.
“Our recycling effort will / would help.”

asked / said / told ‫اخي‬

1. The police officers __________ me whether I was 18 years old.
2. The security guard __________ us not to enter the building.
3. The fire fighters __________ we had to stay behind the barriers.
4. The conductor __________ if he could see our tickets.
5. The driving instructor __________ you that you needed to slow down.

‫أعد كتابة األسئلة اآلتية‬

1. ‘Why are you leaving early?’
He asked us _________________________________ leaving early.
2. ‘Were you at the meeting yesterday?’
She wanted to know if I _________________________________.
3. ‘What will you be asking for?’
She’s just asked us _________________________________.
4. ‘How many people went to the meeting last week?’
He asked how many people _________________________________.
5. ‘How long have you all been preparing the dinner?’
He wanted to know _________________________________.
6. ‘Are you hopeful the meeting will be successful?’
7. She often asks me _________________________________.

52
 ‫أعد كتابة الجمل اآلتية وحولها إىل كالم منقول‬
1. ‘Could I ask you a few questions here and now?’
He asked __________________________________________________________________.
2. ‘They have been trying to find the answer to the maths problem.'
She said ___________________________________________________________________.
3. ‘We and a few other friends had a meeting last week.’
They say ___________________________________________________________________.
4. ‘Stop what you are doing right now!’
She ordered us ______________________________________________________________.
5. ‘It has been a successful day at work today.’
They said __________________________________________________________________.
6. ‘People are getting really upset about the issue.’
She said that people _________________________________________________________.
7. ‘This conference is amazing.’
She says that _______________________________________________________________.
8. ‘I love helping other people.’
She said that she ____________________________________________________________.
9. ‘The conference has been a great success.’
She says that the conference __________________________________________________.
10. ‘The report the newspaper published yesterday has caused a lot of discussion’.
Mr. Bager said ______________________________________________________________.
11. ‘Don’t block the doors of the building!’
We ordered them ___________________________________________________________.
12. ‘Why can’t you listen to what we are saying?’
He asked us ________________________________________________________________.
13. ‘Everyone who has taken part in the beach clean-up today will come back next week.
We told the journalists that ___________________________________________________.
14. ‘We are going to be at the meeting this afternoon.’
They said that ______________________________________________________________.

53
 Reporting Verbs – ‫األفعال الناقلة للكالم‬
‫األفعال الناقلة للكالم هي مجموعة من األفعال يمكن أن نستخدمها عندما نحول الكالم المباشر إلى كالم‬
‫منقول وتأتي بأشكال عديدة يجب حفظها‬

‫الشكل‬ Reporting Verbs ‫أمثلة من الكتاب‬

• explained ‫فرس‬ ➢ He explained that tickets were
• admitted ‫اعيف‬ expensive.
• agreed ‫وافق‬ ➢ She admitted that she was wrong.
• complained ‫تذمر‬
• denied ‫أنكر‬
Verb + (that)
• insisted ‫أض‬
• promised ‫وعد‬
• recommended ‫وض‬
• regretted ‫ندم‬
• suggested ‫اقيح‬
• warned ‫حذر‬ ➢ He warned him that he was in
• advised ‫نصح‬ danger.
Verb + obj + (that) • persuaded ‫أقنع‬ ➢ He reminded him that he did it
• promised ‫وعد‬ before.
• reminded ‫ذكر‬
• offered ‫عرض‬ ➢ He offered to pay them $10 an
• promised ‫وعد‬ hour.
• agreed ‫وافق‬ ➢ The publishers promised to look at
Verb + (not) to V1
• decided ‫قرر‬ her book.
• refused ‫رفض‬ ➢ He decided not to leave school.
• threatened ‫هدد‬
• encouraged ‫شجع‬ ➢ They encouraged him to try again.
• asked ‫طلب‬ ➢ He ordered me not to go out.
• invited ‫دعا‬
• ordered ‫أمر‬
Verb + odj + (not) to V1
• persuaded ‫أقنع‬
• reminded ‫ذكر‬
• told ‫أخي‬
‫ر‬
• warned ‫حذر‬

54
 • suggested ‫اقيح‬ ➢ She suggested getting a job as a
• admitted ‫اعيف‬ secretary.
Verb + (not) V-ing • advised ‫نصح‬ ➢ He advised not sleeping late.
• denied ‫أنكر‬
• recommended ‫وض‬
➢ They apologised for not listening to
• apologised for ‫اعتذر‬
Verb + preposition + her.
• insisted on ‫أض‬
(not) V-ing ➢ He insisted on giving me some
• objected to ‫اعيض‬
money.
• criticized … for ‫انتقد‬ ➢ He criticised her answer for being
• accused … of ‫اتهم‬ too short.
Verb + obj +
• blamed … for ‫الم‬ ➢ He blamed me for not telling him.
preposition + (not) V-
• congratulated … on ‫هنأ‬
ing
• praised … for ‫مدح‬
• warned … about ‫حذر‬

‫أعد كتابة الجمل بما يتناسب مع الفعل الناقل للكالم‬

1. Abeer: ‘It was that man who stole the money!’ (accused)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Adel: ‘I didn’t break Jamal’s phone!’ (denied)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Habib: ‘I’ll help you with the boxes.’ (offered)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Laith: ‘You should get more exercise, Omar.’ (encouraged)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Hamed: ‘I’ll always remember you!’ (promised)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Nour: ‘I hear you’ve graduated, Samia. Congratulations!’ (congratulated)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Reem: ‘I’m really sorry I forgot your birthday, Suha.’ (apologised)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. ‘I wish I hadn’t bought white trainers.’
Osama _____________________________________________________________________
9. ‘I will cook for you on Saturday.’
Nadia ______________________________________________________________________
10. ‘I was wrong.’

55
 Muna ______________________________________________________________________
11. ‘Why don’t we have a picking-up-litter day?’
Rashed ____________________________________________________________________
12. ‘Ali is so negative.’
Tareq ______________________________________________________________________

‫أعد كتابة الجمل بما يتناسب مع الفعل الناقل للكالم‬

[ accuse / advise / apologise / deny / insist / promise ]
1. Rana: ‘I didn’t take a photo of her!’
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Nasser: ‘I’ll work hard at university, honestly!’
___________________________________________________________________________
3. ‘I’m really sorry I criticised your idea,’ Rola said to me.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Khalil: ‘You really must come to the talk next week!’
___________________________________________________________________________
5. The teacher: ‘I think you copied the essay from the Internet.’
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Majeda: ‘It’s a good idea to arrive early.
___________________________________________________________________________

‫رتب الجمل اآلتية‬

1. promised / the police officer / she / would / that / investigate the matter
___________________________________________________________________________
2. was due next lesson / the teacher / the students / reminded / their homework / that
___________________________________________________________________________
3. to collect / Salwa / agreed / from school / her sister
___________________________________________________________________________
4. the doctor / us / much more exercise / to get / advised
___________________________________________________________________________
5. for / apologised / waking / Noura / the baby
___________________________________________________________________________
6. insisted on / his original birth certificate / Rakan / bringing / the secretary
___________________________________________________________________________

56
 ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬
1. Mazen agreed _________ the old man was discriminated against.
a) that b) to c) she
2. The man at the information desk advised _________ to leave our phone number.
a) that b) we c) us
3. Nader offered _________ lend Maher his car for the weekend.
a) to b) for c) he would
4. The musician objected _________ playing only his hits at the concert.
a) that b) to c) for
5. The police praised Imad _________ saving the man’s life.
a) on b) of c) for

‫ال تنسى )مراجعة‬

+ ‫الوحدة السابعة‬
‫االمتحان) على المنصة‬

57
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة الثامنة‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------59‬مفردات التكنلوجيا – ‪Technology Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------------59‬صفات عشوائية – ‪Random Adjectives‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------------60‬مفردات عشوائية – ‪Random Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------------61‬مترادفات عشوائية – ‪Random Synonyms‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------62‬أفعال مركبة عشوائية – ‪Random Phrasal Verbs‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------63‬مفردات متعلقة بالصور الشخصية – ‪Selfies Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------64‬عبارات وصف التوجهات – ‪Describing Trends‬‬

‫قطع الوحدة الثامنة‬

‫‪ -----------------------------------------------------65‬الواقع االفتراضي – ‪Virtual Reality‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------69‬ألكسندر جراهام بيل – ‪Alexander Graham Bell‬‬

‫قواعد الوحدة الثامنة‬

‫‪ ---------------------------------------------------------71‬المبني للمجهول – ‪Passive Voice‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------76‬المبني للمجهول غير الشخصي – ‪Impersonal Passive‬‬

‫‪58‬‬
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة الثامنة‬

Technology Vocabulary – ‫مفردات التكنلوجيا‬

26‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
alert ‫ينبه‬ sensors ‫ أجهزة االستشعار‬smart devices ‫األجهزة الذكية‬
facial recognition ‫برنامج التعرف‬
hack ‫يخيق‬ malfunction ‫عطل‬
software ‫عىل الوجه‬
‫األجهزة ز ز‬ ‫األجهزة القابلة‬
track ‫يتتبع‬ household appliance ‫الميلية‬ wearables
‫لالرتداء‬
embedded ‫مضمن‬

‫ضع الكلمة ز يف الفراغ المناسب‬

1. ________________ and other ________________, such as clothing, could be used to
________________your body’s fat and water content.
2. ________________ which can monitor your heart rate could be ________________ in your
body and ________________ the doctor if there are any problems.
3. Some people are concerned that it is easy to ________________ into a self-driving car, or
that there might be a ________________ causing an accident.
4. Increasingly, smart devices use a digital fingerprint or ________________ rather than a PIN.
5. A smart fridge that keeps grocery lists is one example of a ________________.

Random Adjectives – ‫صفات عشوائية‬

23‫كتاب التمارين ص‬
‫الصفة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
appealing ‫جذاب‬ Attractive or interesting
endless ‫ال نهاية له‬ In large quantities or for a long time
envious ‫حسود‬ Wanting something that someone else has
influential ‫مؤثر‬ Able to change what people do or think
upbeat ‫متفائل‬ Positive and cheerful

‫ضع الصفة المناسبة بجانب كل تعريف‬

1. Able to change what people do or think. _____________.

59
2. Attractive or interesting. _____________.
3. Positive and cheerful. _____________.
4. Wanting something that someone else has. _____________.
5. In large quantities or for a long time. _____________.

‫ضع الصفة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

1. I find the architecture of the city _____________.
2. He’s very _____________ and so he should act responsibly.
3. I’m _____________ of people who learn Maths easily.
4. My piano teacher was very _____________ about my progress, which made me feel great.
5. I’ve done _____________ revision, so I should pass my exams with good grades.

Random Vocabulary – ‫مفردات عشوائية‬

‫ قطعة المتبني المبكر‬29‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
obsolete ‫عفا عليه الزمن‬ Not in use anymore because a newer invention exists
Small problems that prevent a device from working
bugs or glitches ‫أخطاء‬
well
functionality ‫الوظيفة‬ Everything a piece of software can do
outdated ‫قديم‬ Old-fashioned
state-of-the-art / ‫أحدث ما توصلت‬ Most modern / Using the most recent ideas and
latest ‫إليه التكنولوجيا‬ methods
handle ‫يتعامل مع‬ Deal with
The ability of one piece of equipment / software to
compatibility ‫التوافق‬
be used with another
upgrade ‫تحديث‬ Change for something newer or better
backed up ‫تم تخزينه‬ Stored on a computer / any device so it won’t be lost

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة بجانب كل تعريف‬

1. Not in use anymore because a newer invention exists. ________________
2. Change for something newer or better. ________________
3. Small problems that prevent a device from working well. ________________
4. Everything a piece of software can do. ________________
5. The ability of one piece of equipment/software to be used with another. _______________

60
6. Old-fashioned. ________________
7. Most modern / Using the most recent ideas and methods. ________________
8. Deal with. ________________
9. Stored on a computer/other device so it won’t be lost. ________________

Random Synonyms – ‫مترادفات عشوائية‬

‫ قطعة المتبني المبكر‬29‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
appliances ‫األجهزة الكبية‬ something electrical used in the house (a fridge)
devices ‫األجهزة الصغية‬ something electrical (smaller than appliances)
gadgets ‫أدوات‬ equipment (smaller than appliances)

‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬

old-fashioned )‫إيجان‬
‫ري‬ ‫عتيق (بشكل‬ not modern (positive)
dated )‫سلت‬
‫قديم (بشكل ر ي‬ not modern (negative)
outdated ‫انته وقته‬ its time has ended

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

[ dated / old-fashioned / outdated ]
1. That style of trousers looks really _____________ now.
2. The software isn’t working very well because it’s rather _____________.
3. The telephone is very large and _____________, with a wire connecting it to the wall.

[ appliance(s) / gadget(s) / device(s) ]

1. The kitchen drawer is full of handy _____________ to slice onions or peel eggs and so on.
2. The spy’s listening _____________ was hidden inside a pen.
3. We will need a van to move the kitchen _____________, such as the freezer and cooker.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. Very few of our new laptops have CD drives as CDs are virtually obsolete / dated.
2. This shop is full of clever little gadgets / glitches that make excellent presents.
3. The app is designed to work on handheld gadgets / devices rather than laptops.

61
 )‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ (يوجد كلمة إضافية‬
[ latest / outdated / upgrade / handle ]
• Alia: Are you still using those __________ old headphones, Maha? Maha: Sure! I mean,
there’s nothing wrong with them. I’m not the kind of person who has to have the
__________ model of everything. Alia: Well, I know, but you love music so much that it
seems a shame not to have headphones that can __________ the bass better. Maha: Well,
it is my birthday next month – if you know what I mean!

[ gadgets / state-of-the-art / dated / compatibility ]

• Talal: Have you thought about __________? Kamal: What do you mean? Talal: Well, if you
switch brands of gaming console, none of your old games will work. Kamal: Hmm. You’re
right. But all my games are so __________ now that it probably doesn’t matter. Games are
my thing. I’ve saved up the money myself, so I’m going to invest in a __________ console.

[ back up / bugs / upgrade / appliances / old-fashioned ]

• Faten: This laptop is full of __________ things go wrong every minute! Laila: Make sure you
__________ your work then. You really don’t want to lose your project. Faten: Oh, I will.
Don’t worry. To be honest, I think it’s time for a(n) __________ this one is nearly ten years
old. Laila: __________ Well, yes, it looks kind of, and it weighs a ton!

Random Phrasal Verbs – ‫أفعال مركبة عشوائية‬

‫ قطعة الواقع االفتراضي‬31‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الفعل المركب‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
hold down ‫يحتفظ ب‬ keep
fit in ‫ يتكيف‬/ ‫ينتىم‬
‫ي‬ feel part of something
eat away at ‫ يجعل شخص يشعر شعور ست‬make someone feel bad
break off ‫يتوقف‬ stop
end up ‫ينته به الحال‬
‫ي‬ finish by
bump into ‫ يرى شخص‬/ ‫يصطدم بشخص‬ see
go through ‫يجرب‬ experience
calm down ‫يهدأ‬ relax
come up against ‫ يواجه‬/ ‫يصادف‬ encounter

62
 ‫الت تحتها خط بفعل مركب مناسب‬
‫استبدل العبارة ي‬
1. You can’t expect to keep a job if you’re always late! ____________.
2. I didn’t expect to see you here! ____________.
3. I have never really felt part of the group at school. ____________.
4. Relax – it’s going to be OK. ____________.
5. Every time she thought about it, the anxiety made her feel very bad. ____________.
6. He stopped what he was doing to talk to his friend. ____________.
7. The noise was too much for her and she finished by running from the room. ____________.
8. Experiencing something difficult can help you to grow as a person. ____________.
9. If you encounter any problems, let me know. ____________.

Selfies Vocabulary – ‫مفردات متعلقة بالصور الشخصية‬

32‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
attributes ‫صفات‬/‫ سمات‬features ‫مالمح‬ flaws ‫عيوب‬
curate ‫يختار‬ enhance ‫يحسن‬ flattering ‫مجاملة‬
deceptive ‫مخادع‬ superficial ‫سطح‬
‫ي‬

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

• People started taking selfies not just to present a ____________ picture of themselves, but
also to manage and ____________ what they wanted to tell the world about their physical
____________, their personality, their relationships and their hobbies. On a ____________
level, their holiday photos look relaxed and natural, but in reality, they’ve been very
carefully planned – and paid for. Appearances can be ____________. You can add filters to
____________ how you look, remove any ____________ or even change the shape or size
of your facial ____________.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

• Many young people spend a lot of time working on their online image. Some of them
feature / curate their image like this for fun, others feel it is an important part of who they
are, and some just want to fit in / hold down with a certain group of friends. Teens use their
smart gadgets / devices to blog, comment and communicate their ideas and often post

63
 photos that have been embedded / enhanced with the latest / outdated app installed on
their phones.

Describing Trends – ‫عبارات وصف التوجهات‬

28‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ Function ‫الوظيفة‬
The graph illustrates … ‫ز‬
... ‫البيان‬ ‫يوضح الرسم‬ Introducing data
‫ي‬
In this graph, we can see … ‫ي‬
‫ز‬
... ‫ يمكننا أن نرى‬،‫البيان‬ ‫ز يف هذا الرسم‬ ‫تقديم البيانات‬
The number of / Sales / Users … ‫ز‬
… ‫المستخدمي‬ / ‫ المبيعات‬/ ‫عدد‬
… increased / rose / grew / went up ‫تزايد‬
… declined / decreased / went down /
‫انخفض‬
dropped
… stayed the same / remained steady ‫بف عىل حاله‬ ‫ي‬
ً ً Describing
… slightly / sharply / steadily / gradually / ‫ تدريجيا‬/ ‫ بثبات‬/ ‫ بحدة‬/ ‫قليال‬ ...
changes over time
/ dramatically ‫بشكل كبي‬
‫وصف التغينات‬
There is / has been / was / will be a … ... ‫هنالك‬
… slight / sharp / steady / gradual / / ‫تدريح‬
‫ر ي‬ / ‫ ثابت‬/ ‫ حاد‬/ ‫ طفيف‬...
dramatic ‫اماتيك‬
‫ي‬ ‫در‬
… increase / rise / growth ‫زيادة‬
… decrease / fall / drop / decline ‫انخفاض‬
Overall, the trend in … is upwards / ‫ االتجاه ز يف … هو صعودي‬،‫بشكل عام‬
downwards ‫هبوط‬
‫ي‬ / Summarising data
During the period ... ...‫خالل الفية‬ ‫تلخيص البيانات‬
It is noticeable that … … ‫ومن المالحظ أن‬

64
 Virtual Reality – ‫الواقع االفتراضي‬
)Article ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬31‫قطعة ص‬
The doors shut with a thud behind me as I walk ‫ان وأنا أدخل مركز‬ ‫أغلقت األبواب بضجيج ور ي‬
ً
into the shopping centre. Immediately, there’s a ‫ سمعت‬.‫ سمعت ضجيجا‬،‫ عىل الفور‬.‫التسوق‬
‫ز‬ ُ ‫ز‬
buzz of noise. I can hear two or three different ‫نوعي أو ثالثة أنواع مختلفة من الموسيف تعزف يف‬
types of music being played in various shops. A ‫ مرت ر ين امرأة تحمل الكثي من‬.‫متاجر مختلفة‬
woman walks past me, carrying lots of shopping ‫ سمعت صوت احتكاكها ببعضها‬.‫أكياس التسوق‬
bags. I can hear the sound of them rubbing against ‫جعلت أشعر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ لكنه‬،‫ حاولت تجاهل األمر‬.‫البعض‬
‫ي‬
each other. I try to shrug it off, but it’s made me ‫ كان‬.‫ كانت األضواء ساطعة للغاية‬.‫بمزيد من القلق‬
ً ً ‫هناك رجل يهز‬
feel a bit more anxious. The lights are too bright. A - ‫قدرا مليئا بالعمالت المعدنية‬
man is shaking a pot full of coins – I think he’s ‫ كان‬.‫أعتقد أنه يجمع المال لألعمال الخنية‬
ً ً
collecting money for charity. It’s really loud. I carry ‫ واصلت السن ز يف مركز‬.‫مرتفعا حقا‬ ‫الصوت‬
on through the shopping centre. I can smell fried ‫ التقيت‬.‫المقل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ شعرت برائحة الطعام‬.‫التسوق‬
food. I bump into a friend, but I can’t stop to talk ‫ لكن لم أستطع التوقف للتحدث معها‬،‫بصديقة‬
ً
to her because it’s all so overwhelming. I need to .‫ أحتاج إىل الهدوء‬.‫ألن األمر كان مرهقا للغاية‬
calm down. I need to get out of here. .‫أحتاج إىل الخروج من هنا‬

This is a description of what it might feel like for ‫هذا وصف لما قد يشعر به بعض األشخاص‬
some people with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) ‫المصابي باضطراب طيف التوحد عند الذهاب إىل‬ ‫ز‬
ً ‫حي تختلف تجارب الناس‬ ‫ز‬
‫ ف ز‬.‫مركز التسوق‬
to go to a shopping centre. While people’s ،‫كثيا‬ ‫ي‬
experiences vary a lot, one of the key issues for ‫فإن إحدى القضايا الرئيسية للعديد من األفراد‬
many individuals with autism is a hypersensitivity ‫ه فرط الحساسية للمشاهد‬ ‫ز‬
‫المصابي بالتوحد ي‬
to sights, sounds, smells, and tastes, which can ‫والت يمكن أن تجعل‬ ‫ ي‬،‫واألصوات والروائح واألذواق‬
ً ً ً
make a simple activity, such as going shopping, .‫ مرهقا للغاية‬،‫ مثل الذهاب للتسوق‬،‫بسيطا‬ ‫نشاطا‬
extremely stressful. Some people are able to cope ‫بعض األشخاص قادرون عىل التعامل مع هذا النوع‬
with this kind of sensory overload reasonably well, ‫ عىل‬،‫الحس الزائد بشكل معقول‬ ‫ز‬
‫التحفن‬ ‫من‬
‫ي‬
though the stress might eat away at them inside. ‫ ولكن‬.‫الرغم من أن اإلجهاد قد ينهشهم من الداخل‬
But for others, they end up having a meltdown – - ‫ينته بهم األمر إىل االنهيار‬
‫ي‬ ،‫بالنسبة لآلخرين‬
in other words, they get upset or angry. This can ‫ يمكن أن يجعل‬.‫ييعجون أو يغضبون‬ ‫ ز ز‬،‫بمعت آخر‬ ‫ز‬
make it difficult to fit in with or to keep friends ‫هذا من الصعب التكيف مع األصدقاء أو االحتفاظ‬
because other people just don’t understand the ‫بهم ألن األشخاص اآلخرين ال يفهمون الضغط‬
pressure that has led the person with autism to act ‫الذي دفع الشخص المصاب بالتوحد إىل الترصف‬
ً
in this way. It can also lead to people with autism ‫ يمكن أن يؤدي أيضا إىل تعرض‬.‫بهذه الطريقة‬
having problems at school or with holding down a ‫المصابي بالتوحد لمشاكل ز يف المدرسة أو‬ ‫ز‬ ‫األشخاص‬
job, as they may come across as unreliable or bad- ‫ حيث قد يبدون غن موثوق‬،‫ز يف االحتفاظ بوظيفة‬
tempered. .‫سيئي المزاج‬ ‫ز‬ ‫بهم أو‬

65
1. What are the sensory experiences the narrator encounters when entering the shopping
centre?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Why does the narrator feel anxious while walking through the shopping centre?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. According to the text, what are some common challenges faced by individuals with autism
when going shopping?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How do some people with autism react to sensory overload in public places like shopping
centres?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What are some potential social and professional consequences for individuals with autism
due to sensory overload?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Why might it be difficult for people with autism to maintain friendships, according to the
text?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What strategies might individuals with autism use to cope with overwhelming situations,
based on the narrator’s experience?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What does the underlined pronoun “them” refer to?
___________________________________________________________________________

In order to help people understand what it’s like ‫من أجل مساعدة الناس عىل فهم كيف يكون األمر‬
to have autism, could Virtual Reality (VR) help? ‫ هل يمكن‬،‫مصابا بالتوحد‬ ً ‫عندما يكون الشخص‬
Virtual Reality is a computer-generated ‫اض هو‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر ز‬
‫اض أن يساعد؟ الواقع االفي ي‬ ‫للواقع االفن ي‬
simulation of an experience, which is seen in 3D, ،‫محاكاة يتم إنشاؤها بواسطة الكمبيوتر لتجربة ما‬
and which can feel almost exactly like really being ‫والت يمكن أن‬
‫ ي‬،‫والت يتم رؤيتها ثالثية األبعاد‬
‫ي‬
‫ز‬ ً
in that situation. According to Chris Milk in his ‫تقريبا بنفس الشعور الذي تشعر به يف هذا‬ ‫تشعرك‬
ً ً
TED talk, Virtual Reality connects humans to ‫محاضته ز يف‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ وفقا لكريس ميلك ز يف‬.‫الموقف حقا‬
other humans in a way which can change people’s ‫اض يربط البرس ببرس آخرين‬ ‫ز‬
‫ فإن الواقع االفي ي‬،TED
perceptions of each other. Perhaps in response to ‫بطريقة يمكن أن تغي تصورات الناس لبعضهم‬
such ideas, the National Autistic Society has ‫ طورت‬،‫ ربما استجابة لمثل هذه األفكار‬.‫البعض‬
developed a VR experience to help people ‫اض‬ ‫ز‬
‫الجمعية الوطنية للتوحد تجربة الواقع االفي ي‬
understand what sensory overload feels like. ‫لمساعدة الناس عىل فهم كيف يشعر التح ز‬
‫فن‬

66
 People can watch the video using special 3D ‫ يمكن للناس مشاهدة الفيديو‬.‫الحس الزائد‬
‫ي‬
glasses, which take them more fully into the ‫والت‬
‫ي‬ ،‫خاصة‬ ‫األبعاد‬ ‫ثالثية‬ ‫ات‬
‫ر‬ ‫نظا‬ ‫باستخدام‬
ً ‫تأخذهم إىل التجربة بشكل ر‬
experience. So far, it has had six million views, ،‫ حت اآلن‬.‫أكي اكتماال‬
and the comments certainly indicate that it’s ‫ وتشي التعليقات‬،‫ماليي مشاهدة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫حصل عىل ستة‬
having a powerful effect. .‫بالتأكيد إىل أنه له تأثي قوي‬

1. What is Virtual Reality (VR), and how does it help people understand autism?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. According to Chris Milk, how does Virtual Reality influence human connections and
perceptions?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What has the National Autistic Society done to raise awareness about sensory overload in
people with autism?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How have people responded to the VR experience created by the National Autistic Society?
___________________________________________________________________________

The potential impact of VR in helping us to ‫اض ز يف مساعدتنا‬‫ز‬

‫إن التأثن المحتمل للواقع االفي ي‬
understand one another and the world around us is ‫عىل فهم بعضنا البعض والعالم من حولنا أمر مثي‬
exciting. For example, some people went through ‫ خاض بعض‬،‫ عىل سبيل المثال‬.‫لالهتمام‬
the virtual experience of chopping down a tree. ‫ وبعد‬.‫األشخاص تجربة افياضية لقطع شجرة‬
Afterwards, the researcher ‘accidentally’ spilt his ‫ انسكب مرسوب الباحث "عن طريق‬،‫ذلك‬
drink, and those people who had been ‘chopping ‫ ومد هؤالء األشخاص الذين كانوا‬،"‫الخطأ‬
down trees’ reached for fewer paper napkins, ‫"يقطعون األشجار" أيديهم إىل عدد أقل من‬
suggesting that their experience had ‫ مما يشي إىل أن تجربتهم‬،‫المناديل الورقية‬
subconsciously encouraged them to stop wasting ‫وع عىل التوقف عن إهدار‬ ‫شجعتهم دون ي‬
paper. .‫الورق‬

VR has also been used to give people the ‫اض إلعطاء الناس‬ ‫ز‬
‫كما تم استخدام الواقع االفي ي‬
experience of being disabled or being in a flood. ‫ ولكن هل‬.‫تجربة اإلعاقة أو التواجد ز يف الفيضانات‬
ً
But can these experiences really help us to walk in ‫يمكن لهذه التجارب حقا أن تساعدنا عىل وضع‬
someone else’s shoes? A major difference between ‫أنفسنا مكان اآلخرين؟ الفرق الرئيش ز‬
‫بي‬ ‫ي‬
simulated and actual experiences is that we ‫التجارب المحاكاة والحقيقية هو أننا نتطوع‬
volunteer to put on the VR headset. We can break ‫ يمكننا التوقف ز يف‬.‫اض‬ ‫ز‬
‫الرتداء نظارة الواقع االفي ي‬
off at any time and go back to our normal lives, ‫حي أن‬‫ زف ز‬،‫أي وقت والعودة إىل حياتنا الطبيعية‬
‫ي‬

67
 whereas the people whose lives we’re experiencing ‫األشخاص الذين نمر بحياتهم ال يتمتعون بهذه‬
don’t have that luxury. And, while we can ‫ وبينما يمكننا تجربة أصوات ومشاهد‬.‫الرفاهية‬
experience the sounds and sights of a flood, we .‫ فإننا ال نواجه نفس الصعوبات‬،‫الفيضانات‬
don’t come up against the same difficulties.

1. What is one example of how Virtual Reality (VR) can impact people's behavior, as
mentioned in the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How did the people who experienced chopping down a tree react when the researcher
spilled his drink?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What other experiences has VR been used for, according to the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What is a major difference between simulated experiences in VR and actual life
experiences?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Why do the people whose lives are being experienced through VR not have the same luxury
as the users of VR headsets?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What limitations do VR users face in experiencing real-world situations, like a flood?
___________________________________________________________________________

1. Why does the writer start by describing an experience of going shopping?

a) To explain exactly why some people suffer from ASD
b) To demonstrate why having ASD can cause someone to get upset
c) To emphasize the social problems created by large shopping malls

2. Which of these statements best reflects what the writer says about ASD?
a) Many people feel upset or angry about having ASD.
b) Different people will experience ASD in different ways.
c) Public places should be better designed for people with ASD.

68
3. The writer cites Chris Milk to illustrate that:
a) VR can also be a way for people to communicate over a distance.
b) Video may actually separate us from the people we see onscreen.
c) VR has the potential to alter how we interact with each other.

4. What do the examples in Paragraph 4 indicate?

a) That it is relatively easy to trick people into doing something.
b) That many people are inspired to visit the places they see through VR.
c) That VR can stimulate people’s willingness to take action.

5. What attitude towards VR is expressed by the writer in the last paragraph?

a) It has some value but should be treated with caution.
b) It is fairly pointless compared with real life experience.
c) It is a passing fashion that will fade away.

Alexander Graham Bell – ‫ألكسندر جراهام بيل‬

)Article ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬33‫قطعة ص‬
Changing the way the world communicates ‫تغين طريقة تواصل العالم‬

In March 1876, the Scottish scientist Alexander ‫ قام العالم االسكتلندي‬،1876 ‫ز يف مارس‬
Graham Bell called his assistant Thomas Watson ‫ألكسندر جراهام بيل باالتصال بمساعده‬
and said, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see ‫ تعال إىل‬،‫ "السيد واتسون‬:‫توماس واتسون وقال‬
you.” These are thought to have been the first words ‫" ُيعتقد أن هذه كانت أول‬.‫ أريد أن أراك‬،‫هنا‬
ever spoken on a telephone. We don’t know for sure ‫ نحن ال‬.‫عي الهاتف‬ ‫الت تم التحدث بها ر‬
‫الكلمات ي‬
because other scientists were experimenting with ‫ز‬
‫نعرف ذلك عىل وجه اليقي ألن علماء آخرين‬
similar ideas, but Alexander quickly registered his ‫ ولكن‬،‫كانوا يجرون تجارب عىل أفكار مماثلة‬
idea, and now he is widely reported to be the ‫ واآلن ُيشار إليه‬،‫ألكسندر سجل فكرته برسعة‬
inventor of the telephone. .‫مخنع الهاتف‬‫عىل نطاق واسع بأنه ر‬

ً ُ
Today, it is estimated that there are more phones in ‫ يقدر أن هناك عددا من الهواتف ز يف العالم‬،‫اليوم‬
the world than people! It is estimated that there are ‫أكي من عدد األشخاص! تشي التقديرات إىل‬ ‫ر‬
more than 8.5 billion mobile phones in a world that ‫ مليار هاتف محمول ز يف عالم‬8.5 ‫أكي من‬ ‫وجود ر‬
has a population of around 8 billion people. Even ‫ وربما‬.‫ مليارات شخص‬8 ‫حواىل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يبلغ عدد سكانه‬
‫ز‬
more people may have phones in the future, so ،‫يمتلك المزيد من الناس الهواتف يف المستقبل‬
ً
ً ‫حقا ر‬ ‫لذا كان ر‬
Alexander’s invention was truly remarkable. .‫ائعا‬ ‫اخناع ألكسندر‬

69
1. What were the first words thought to have been spoken on a telephone, and who said
them?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is Alexander Graham Bell widely reported to be the inventor of the telephone?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. According to the text, how does the number of mobile phones in the world compare to the
global population?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why does the writer describe Alexander’s invention as “truly remarkable”?
___________________________________________________________________________

It is believed that Alexander became interested in ‫ُيعتقد أن اهتمام ألكسندر بدراسة الصوت جاء‬
studying sound because both his wife and his .‫ألن زوجته ووالدته كانتا تعانيان من الصمم‬
mother were deaf. Although he is most famous for ‫ إال أنه‬،‫وعىل الرغم من أنه اشتهر باخياع الهاتف‬
ً ً
inventing the telephone, he also invented a device ‫اخيع أيضا جهازا يمكن استخدامه للكشف عن‬
that could be used to detect hearing problems. It ‫غالبا ما‬ً ‫ ومن المثي لالهتمام أنه‬.‫مشاكل السمع‬
has often been remarked that Alexander did not like ‫قيل إن ألكسندر لم يكن يحب وجود هاتف ز يف‬
to have a telephone in his study because it disturbed ‫مكتبه ألنه كان يشتت انتباهه عن عمله! ربما‬
ً
him from his work! Perhaps that is why he was able ،‫لهذا السبب تمكن من اخياع أشياء أخرى أيضا‬
to invent other things too, including an early metal ‫بما ز يف ذلك كاشف المعادن المبكر وجهاز‬
detector and a device to detect icebergs in the sea. .‫للكشف عن الجبال الجليدية ز يف البحر‬

Not everybody believes Alexander Graham Bell was ‫ليس الجميع يعتقد أن ألكسندر جراهام بيل هو‬
the inventor of the telephone. An Italian inventor ‫ فقد تم اإلبالغ عىل نطاق واسع‬.‫مخيع الهاتف‬
called Antonio Meucci was widely reported to have ‫ميوتس اخيع‬
‫ي‬ ‫اإليطاىل أنطونيو‬
‫ي‬ ‫أن المخيع‬
ً
invented a telephone in 1856, 20 years before .‫ عاما‬20 ‫ أي قبل ألكسندر ب‬،1856 ‫هاتفا ز يف عام‬
ً
Alexander. The Italians did not have enough money ‫ز‬
‫يكف من‬ ‫ز‬
‫ لم يكن لدى اإليطاليي ما ي‬،‫ومع ذلك‬
to develop his invention, however, and although ‫ وعىل الرغم من أن‬،‫المال لتطوير اخياعه‬
Italians claim Meucci is the true inventor of the ‫ميوتش هو المخيع‬ ‫ز‬
‫اإليطاليي يدعون أن‬
‫ي‬
telephone, Alexander Graham Bell is the name ‫ إال أن اسم ألكسندر جراهام‬،‫الحقيف للهاتف‬
‫ي‬
forever associated with a device that has become a ‫بيل هو االسم الذي ارتبط إىل األبد بهذا الجهاز‬
vital part of our lives. ً
.‫أساسيا من حياتنا‬ ً ‫الذي أصبح‬
‫جزءا‬

70
1. Why did Alexander Graham Bell become interested in studying sound?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are some other inventions created by Alexander Graham Bell besides the telephone?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do some people believe that Antonio Meucci, not Alexander Graham Bell, was the true
inventor of the telephone?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Despite Meucci’s invention, why is Alexander Graham Bell more commonly associated with
the telephone?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Read the whole article. List four pieces of information about the inventor that we are not
ً
completely sure are true. ‫جدا‬ ‫سؤال كتاب مهم‬
___________________________________________________________________________

Passive Voice – ‫المبني للمجهول‬

be + V3 ‫يتكون المبني للمجهول من‬
.‫نستخدم المبني للمجهول عندما يكون التركيز على الحدث نفسه أكثر من التركيز على من قام به‬
➢ The teacher wrote the book. ACTIVE
➢ The book was written by the teacher. PASSIVE

‫ال نكتب الفاعل في الجملة عندما يكون الفاعل بديهي أو غير معروف أو غير مهم‬
➢ A transmitter is worn on the body. (We know it is worn by a person.) agent is obvious
➢ Maher realised he had been followed. (We do not know who followed him.) agent is unknown
➢ It will be shown at the ‘Inventors’ show. (Who will show it isn’t important.) agent is unimportant

‫ ز يف الجمل اآلتية‬agent ‫اخي لماذا لم نذكر الفاعل‬

1. The window was broken last night. ____________________.
2. The road is cleaned every morning. ____________________.
3. A new law was passed last year. ____________________.

71
 Active Passive ‫أمثلة من الكتاب‬
➢ A person wears a transmitter on the body.
V1(s/es) is/am/are V3
➢ A transmitter is worn on the body.
is/am/are ➢ Coffee-lovers are welcoming the invention.
is/am/are being V3
V-ing ➢ The invention is being welcomed by coffee-lovers.
➢ A British company created ‘Fresh Brew’.
V2 was/were V3
➢ ‘Fresh Brew’ was created by a British company.
was/were ➢ They were developing the 'mirror' in a lab in France.
was/were being V3
V-ing ➢ The 'mirror' was being developed in a lab in France.
have/has ➢ I have built up a profile of my lifestyle.
have/has been V3
V3 ➢ A profile of my lifestyle has been built up.
➢ Someone had followed Aisha to her house.
had V3 had been V3
➢ Aisha had been followed to her house.
➢ You could download music and games in seconds.
modal V1 modal be V3
➢ Music and games could be downloaded in seconds.
is/am/are is/am/are going to ➢ They are going to show it at the show next month.
going to V1 be V3 ➢ It is going to be shown at the show next month.

‫ز‬
‫للمبت للمجهول‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجمل اآلتية‬
‫ي‬
1. She writes the report every week.
___________________________________________________________.
2. They built a new bridge last year.
___________________________________________________________.
3. He will finish the project by tomorrow.
___________________________________________________________.
4. The teacher is explaining the lesson.
___________________________________________________________.
5. The chef has prepared the meal.
___________________________________________________________.
6. They are playing the match right now.
___________________________________________________________.
7. Someone has stolen my wallet.
___________________________________________________________.
8. The company will launch the new product next month.
___________________________________________________________.
9. She was reading the book when I called her.

72
 ___________________________________________________________.
10. The children were playing in the park yesterday.
___________________________________________________________.
11. They have been studying for the exam.
___________________________________________________________.
12. He had completed the assignment before the deadline.
___________________________________________________________.
13. They will be delivering the goods by next week.
___________________________________________________________.
14. The professor is conducting the research project.
___________________________________________________________.
15. We have watched that movie twice.
___________________________________________________________.
16. The manager will announce the decision soon.
___________________________________________________________.
17. Someone was fixing the car when I arrived.
___________________________________________________________.
18. The workers have finished their tasks.
___________________________________________________________.
19. The children had eaten all the cookies before we got there.
___________________________________________________________.
20. More people are buying smart household appliances these days.
___________________________________________________________.

‫ز‬
‫للمبت للمجهول‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجمل اآلتية‬
‫ي‬
1. This German company manufactures hybrid engines.
Hybrid engines __________________________________________________.
2. By 2035, you could embed a chip like this in your wrist.
By 2035, a chip like this __________________________________________________.
3. Over two million people have downloaded this ‘body tracking’ app.
This ‘body tracking’ app __________________________________________________.
4. An insect caused the malfunction.
The malfunction __________________________________________________.
5. Somebody was regularly hacking into celebrities’ smartphones.
Celebrities’ smartphones __________________________________________________.
6. Most people are going to use wearables in the near future.

73
 Wearables __________________________________________________.

‫ ز يف الفراغ‬be ‫ضع أحد أشكال‬

1. The burnt appliance could __________ smelled in every room of the house.
2. The facial recognition software is going __________ updated for the new model.
3. This device shouldn’t __________ used by anyone under the age of 16.
4. I __________ asked for my password every single time I wanted to log in.

‫" من قبل‬by":‫ نستخدم‬،‫ذا كان من المهم ذكر الفاعل‬

➢ The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
‫" باستخدام‬with":‫ نستخدم‬،‫إذا أردنا التركيز على الوسيلة أو األداة‬
➢ The cake was decorated with chocolate.

with ‫ أو‬by ‫ضع‬

1. The first real smartphone was created __________ a famous company.
2. Our household appliances are made __________ only the highest quality materials.
3. The original smartwatch was designed __________ the inventor, Steve Mann.
4. A device this simple can be operated __________ a young child.
5. The sculpture was made __________ electronic waste.

‫ز‬
‫ عند الحاجة‬with/by ‫قوسي مع إضافة‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. The number of smart devices that ________________ (use) globally is going up all the time.
2. I ________________ (wake up) the neighbour’s faulty burglar alarm again last night.
3. They didn’t remember that they ________________ (ask) to write a review of the new app.
4. The factory ________________ (just / automate) so some people have lost their jobs.
5. I think all our houses ________________ (control) powerful computers soon.

)‫بعض األفعال يمكن أن تتعدى لمفعولين )حينها يمكن حل الجملة بطريقتين‬

[ show / give / hand / offer / pay / promise / send / teach ]

➢ It will show people the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle.

o People will be shown the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle.
o The consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle will be shown to people.

74
➢ It gives anyone who touches it an electric shock.
o Anyone who touches it is given an electric shock.
o An electric shock is given to anyone who touches it.

➢ The teacher will teach the lesson to the students.

o ________________________________________________________.
o ________________________________________________________.

➢ The company sent an email to all customers.

o ________________________________________________________.
o ________________________________________________________.

being + V3 ‫ في المبني للمجهول يأتي بعدها‬gerund ً‫األفعال التي يأتي بعدها عادة‬
[ like / worry about / fancy / regret / congratulate ]

➢ I regret that he convinced me to disobey my parents.

o I regret being convinced me to disobey my parents
➢ My friend congratulated me because the school had invited me to the competition.
o My friend congratulated me on being invited to the competition
➢ I liked that the manager promoted me to work in the HQ.
o I liked _____________________________________________________.

to be + V3 ‫ في المبني للمجهول يأتي بعدها‬Infinitive ً‫األفعال التي يأتي بعدها عادة‬

[ need / expect / require / like / going to ]

➢ You need to fill it with coffee and water.

o You need it to be filled with coffee and water.
➢ The company expects their invention launch next year.
o The company expects their invention to be launched next year.
➢ I expect that they will deliver the parcel by four o’clock.
o I expect _____________________________________________________.

‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. I regret _________________ (persuade) to buy this phone.
2. I would really like _________________ (employ) by one of the giant tech companies.

75
3. Young people don’t need ________________ (tell) how to use new devices, they just know.
4. The new phone implants are going _________________ (sell) in all kinds of shops.
5. The teacher congratulated them on _________________ (invite) to take part in the science
fair next week.

Impersonal Passive – ‫المبني للمجهول غير الشخصي‬

‫قاعدة المبني للمجهول غير الشخصي تشير إلى بناء جملة يتم فيه استخدام المبني للمجهول دون تحديد‬
‫فاعل الجملة‬
‫ و ُيستخدم هذا األسلوب للحديث عن آراء عامة أو معلومات متداولة‬،‫الفاعل هنا غير معروف أو غير مهم‬

)it) ‫❖ الطريقة األولى‬

Active Passive ‫أمثلة من الكتاب‬
➢ People believe that he is the richest
say / think / believe / know /
man in the world.
claim / estimate / expect / It is V3 that
➢ It is believed that he is the richest man
reveal / report / suggest
in the world.
said / thought / believed / ➢ They revealed that hackers had
knew / claimed / estimated / It was V3 interfered.
expected / revealed / reported that ➢ It was revealed that hackers had
/ suggested interfered.
has/have said / thought / ➢ Scientist have claimed that climate
believed / knew / claimed / It has been change is a major global issue.
estimated / expected / V3 that ➢ It has been claimed that climate change
revealed / reported / suggested is a major global issue.

‫أعد كتابة الجملة‬

1. People say that other scientists invented the telephone.
It ________________________________________________________________________.
2. Experts expect that more people will own phones in the future.
It ________________________________________________________________________.
3. Some people have suggested that young people should not have mobile phones.
It ________________________________________________________________________.
4. People believe that Alexander became interested in studying sound.
It ________________________________________________________________________.
5. People claim that virtual reality experiences are exactly the same as the real thing.

76
 It ________________________________________________________________________.
6. People expect that self-driving cars will reduce the number of traffic accidents.
It ________________________________________________________________________.

)object) ‫❖ الطريقة الثانية‬

Active Passive ‫أمثلة من الكتاب‬
➢ He reports that his new system is a
say / think / believe / know
Obj is/are V3 platform.
/ claim / estimate / expect /
to V1 ➢ His new system is reported to be a
reveal / report / suggest
platform.
said / thought / believed / ➢ They expected that the report will be
knew / claimed / estimated Obj was/were finished by the end of the week.
/ expected / revealed / V3 to V1 ➢ The report was expected to be finished
reported / suggested by the end of the week.
has/have said / thought /
➢ Scientist have claimed that climate
believed / knew / claimed /
Obj have/has change is a major global issue.
estimated / expected /
been V3 to V1 ➢ Climate change has been claimed to be a
revealed / reported /
major global issue.
suggested

to ‫دائما يصبح الفعل المضارع مجرد بعد‬

ً ‫الحظ أنه في الطريقة الثانية‬
➢ People think that fish has a lot of vitamins.
o Fish is thought to have a lot of vitamins.
➢ Everyone knows that these students are lazy.
o These students are known to be lazy.
➢ The fans believe that Ronaldo plays better than any other players at his age.
o Ronaldo _________________________________________________.

have been V3 ‫انتبه أنه في الطريقة الثانية إذا كان الفعل الرئيسي في الجملة ماضي فأنه يصبح‬
➢ They believe that the virus affected more than 700,000 people.
o More than 700,000 people are believed to have been affected by the virus.
➢ They report that the project was completed on time
o The project is reported to have been completed on time.
➢ They say that the new law improved the economy.
o The new law _________________________.

have been ‫ فأنه يصبح‬was/were ‫لكن إذا كان الفعل الرئيسي في الجملة‬
➢ They believe that the volcano was huge.

77
 o The volcano is believed to have been huge.
➢ Teachers know that those students were the best in their class.
o Those students ________________________________.

‫أعد كتابة الجملة‬

1. People say that a scientist called Elisha Gray invented the phone at the same time as
Alexander Graham Bell.
A scientist called Elisha Gray ___________________________________________________.
2. Initially, people thought the telephone was only for rich people.
Initially, the telephone _______________________________________________________.
3. Experts have estimated that the majority of people in the world own a smartphone.
The majority of people in the world _____________________________________________.
4. People think that these were the first words ever spoken on a telephone.
These _____________________________________________________________________.
5. They report that he is the inventor of the telephone.
He ________________________________________________________________________.
6. We believe that 20 companies have lost important data due to the recent computer virus.
Important data _____________________________________________________________.

‫اخي أحد األشكال اآلتية مع كل جملة‬

A. It + passive + that clause
B. subject + passive + to-infinitive
C. subject + passive + perfect infinitive

1. The designer is known to have been heavily influenced by early computers. _____
2. It is thought that the city’s schools will be completely paperless within 50 years. _____
3. 5G mobile networks are expected to greatly improve Internet connection speeds. _____
4. It was once believed that guided missiles would be used to deliver post. _____
5. The company is estimated to have sold ten million handsets in the last ten years. _____
6. Sales of the company’s main product were reported to be steady. _____

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. It is / was said that high-speed rail travel would cause people to stop breathing.

78
2. Over half a million passwords are thought to be / to have been stolen in the hack.
3. It has often been remarked / remarking that the world was a simpler place before people
had telephones.
4. We / It is thought that there are over 1.5 billion websites today.
5. It is being / was revealed that personal data had been collected illegally by the company.
6. The hacker is thought to be / being a man in his 30s living somewhere in southern Germany.

‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫رتب الكلمات ز‬
‫بي‬
• The Internet 1.__________________ (thought / to / is / have contained) five million
terabytes of data in 2010. 2.__________________ (is / it / that / expected) by 2020, there
will be 40 billion terabytes of data online. Of the nearly two billion websites
3.__________________ (to / exist / believed) today, it is estimated that less than 200
million are actually active. Social media users 4.__________________ (to / are / reported)
upload 95 million photographs every day. Rather sadly, 5.__________________ (said / is /
it / that) 70% of them are never looked at by anyone. The first email
6.__________________ (known / have / is / to / been / sent) by a programmer called Ray
Tomlinson. Unfortunately, 7.__________________ (not / is / known / it) what the message
was as Tomlinson can’t remember!

‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. It __________________ (often/remark) that too much screen time is bad for your eyes.
2. IT graduates __________________ (expect/pay) a high wage as soon as they graduate.
3. Five people __________________ (believe/injure) in yesterday’s accident.
4. It __________________ (claim) that wi-fi signals are harmless to birds and insects.
5. I __________________ (never/expect/do) this in my last job.

‫ال تنسى )مراجعة‬

+ ‫الوحدة الثامنة‬
‫االمتحان) على المنصة‬

79
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة التاسعة‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------81‬مفردات متعلقة بالتكلفة – ‪Cost Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ -------------------------81‬مفردات النجاح والفشل – ‪Success & Failure Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------------------------82‬التعابير ذات الحدين – ‪Binomials‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------------84‬مفردات متعلقة بالفرص – ‪Chance Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ ------------------------------84‬متالزمات متعلقة بالصمود – ‪Resilience Collocations‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------------------------------85‬مفردات النص – ‪Glossary‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------85‬متالزمات عشوائية – ‪Random Collocations‬‬
‫‪ -------86‬عبارات اإليجابيات والسلبيات – ‪Advantages & Disadvantages Phrases‬‬

‫قطع الوحدة التاسعة‬

‫‪ ------------------87‬قفزة الالجئين نحو النجاح – ‪Refugees’ Long Jump to Success‬‬
‫‪ ---------------89‬قصص ملهمة عن الصمود – ‪Inspirational Stories of Resilience‬‬
‫‪ -------------------------------------------------------------------92‬اللعب العادل – ‪Fair Play‬‬

‫قواعد الوحدة التاسعة‬

‫‪ ---------------------------------------------------------94‬الجمل الشرطية – ‪Conditionals‬‬
‫‪ ------------------------------------------------------98‬قاعدة الندم والتمني – ‪Wish/If only‬‬
‫‪ --------------------------------101‬أفعال النقد واللوم – ‪Past Modals for Criticising‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة التاسعة‬

Cost Vocabulary – ‫مفردات متعلقة بالتكلفة‬

38‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
affluent ‫ثري‬ costly ‫غاىل الثمن‬
‫ي‬ extravagant ‫ مرسف‬/ ‫متهور‬
lucrative ‫مربحة‬ splash out ‫يرش المال‬ well-off ‫ز يف وضع جيد‬

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

1. People are always looking for new and ____________ ideas for new attractions.
2. The Marble Arch Mound was an ____________ idea to build a small hill in the centre of
London.
3. The £6 million was a lot more ____________ than the organisers thought it would be.
4. Perhaps more people would have wanted to climb it if they hadn’t had to ____________ on
an entrance fee.
5. They wanted to get tourists to visit an area that was not very ____________.
6. The hotels, restaurant and shop owners became more ____________ because of the route.

Success & Failure Vocabulary – ‫مفردات النجاح والفشل‬

40‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
blunder ‫خطأ فادح‬ flop ‫فشل‬ flourish ‫يزدهر‬
get nowhere ‫سء‬ ‫ز‬
masterstroke ‫ ضبة معلم‬mess up ‫ يخظ‬/ ‫يخفق‬
‫لم يحقق ي‬
pay off ‫يعظ نتيجة جيدة‬
‫ي‬ setback ‫نكسة‬

‫ضع الكلمات ز يف الجدول‬

81
 ‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬
1. I was embarrassed and felt like I’d really ____________.
2. It was a huge ____________ and I didn’t get the marks I needed to go to that university.
3. In the end, I ____________ there and got a great degree.
4. I had what I thought was a really good idea – a ____________.
5. I really tried, but just ____________ and in the end I gave up.
6. If I’d invested a few weeks in finding out about my business idea, it would have really
____________.
7. But I did learn something from the ____________ - do your market research first.
8. The idea did not succeed and was a complete ____________.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. There were some minor setbacks / flops at the beginning of the project.
2. His hard work paid up / off and he did really well in the final exams.
3. He took a presentation to the interview and they loved it. What a masterstroke / blunder!

Binomials – ‫التعابير ذات الحدين‬

41‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
‫حال‬
ٍ ‫من‬
pick and choose ‫اخي‬ ups and downs sooner or later ‫عاجال أو آجال‬
‫إىل حال‬
take it or leave it ‫خذها أو اتركها‬ more or less ً
‫تقريبا‬ safe and sound ‫سالم غانم‬
give and take ‫يعظ ويأخذ‬‫ي‬ there and then ‫عىل الفور‬ touch and go ‫غي مؤكد‬

‫ضع الكلمات ز يف الجدول‬

1. _____________ choose 6. _____________ sound
2. _____________ downs 7. _____________ take
3. _____________ later 8. _____________ then
4. _____________ leave it 9. _____________ go
5. _____________ less

82
 ‫ضع العبارة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬
1. You must try to be flexible. There should be some give and ____________ in any friendship.
2. I think it’s more or ____________ certain you’ll get the job.
3. I had to decide if I wanted the job ____________ and then. They said they couldn’t wait.
4. The team has had its ____________ and downs but they’re doing very well now.
5. We got lost in the desert but in the end got home safe and ____________.

‫استبدل العبارات ي‬
‫الت تحتها حط بعبارات من الجدول‬
1. At some point, you will have to make a decision. _______________.
2. The best universities can select which students to accept. _______________.
3. They wanted me to sign up for the course immediately. _______________.
4. Although she was ten years older, she looked about the same age as me. _______________.
5. They were relieved to get home with no problems. _______________.
6. Like every business we have our good and bad times. _______________.
7. I can’t sell it for less than 100 JOD. That’s my price – accept it or don’t. _______________.
8. We are almost finished here so I can meet you in about half an hour. _______________.
9. It was uncertain whether the rescue team would be able to save the man in the cave.
_______________.

‫ضع العبارة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

• Habib: I was worried about you Amer! I’m so glad you are home _______________.
Amer: I said I’d be back by 9 o’clock and it’s … ten past so I’m _______________on time.
• Nadia: I’m making omelettes if you want one. Samia: Omelettes, huh? Not very exciting.
How about something else? Nadia: It’s omelettes or nothing! _______________.
• Jaber: You really need to wear a helmet when you’re on your bike, Nader. _______________
you’re going to injure yourself. It’s only a matter of time!

83
 Chance Vocabulary – ‫مفردات متعلقة بالفرص‬
41‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
chance ‫المعنى مرادفات كلمة‬ ‫مثال من الكتاب‬
opportunity ‫ فرصة‬I’d love to have the chance (opportunity) to bungee jump.
possibility ‫احتمالية‬ There’s a chance (possibility) that we might succeed.
risk ‫خطورة‬ If you do sports, there’s always a chance (risk) of injury.
luck ‫حظ‬ It was pure chance (luck) that we met.

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة زف الفراغ ر‬

)‫(أكي من إجابة قد تكون صحيحة‬ ‫ي‬
1. Given the ______________, where would you most like to travel?
2. I’d like to take this ______________ to thank you for all your help.
3. As soon as I heard about the trip, I grabbed the ______________ to go on it.
4. This is your last ______________; I won’t make the offer again.
5. I’m sure parachuting would be exciting, but it wouldn’t be worth the ______________.
6. The ______________ of injury or even death is very high for base-jumping wing-suit flyers.
7. You’ve won three games in a row now – what ______________!
8. It’s 10 p.m. so there is very little ______________ of me staying awake for a whole film.
9. This is not worth the chance / risk. I always prefer to be safe. ‫نمط مختلف‬

Resilience Collocations – ‫متالزمات متعلقة بالصمود‬

‫ قطعة قصص ملهمة عن الصمود‬43/42‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
ً ً believed something without even thinking
take it for granted ‫أمرا مفروغا منه‬
about it
make himself
‫التعبي عن نفسه بوضوح‬ communicate effectively
understood
have no choice but to ‫عدم وجود خيار آخر‬ is forced to do something
‫الخروج من موقف‬ experienced less harm than might be
got off lightly
‫صعب‬ expected
do the trick ‫تحقيق النتيجة المطلوبة‬ have the necessary result he wanted
take its toll (on) ‫سلت‬
‫له تأثي ر ي‬ cause harm or suffering
not have a clue ‫ليس لديه ز‬
‫أدن فكرة‬ be unable to guess something
take his mind of ‫يزي ح الهم‬ stop him from worrying about something
go through the ordeal ‫مواجهة تجربة صعبة‬ have a very difficult or painful experience

84
 ‫التفكي ز يف الخيارات‬
consider his options think carefully about what to do
‫المتاحة‬
help him to continue, despite the difficult
keep him going ‫مساعدته عىل االستمرار‬
situation

‫ضع العبارة المناسبة بجانب كل تعريف‬

1. Had the necessary result he wanted. ____________________.
2. Be unable to guess something. ____________________.
3. Stop him from worrying about something. ____________________.
4. Thought carefully about what to do. ____________________.
5. Communicate effectively. ____________________.
6. Experienced less harm than might be expected. ____________________.
7. Was forced to do something. ____________________.
8. Helped him to continue, despite the difficult situation. ____________________.
9. Believed something without even thinking about it. ____________________.
10. Go through the ordeal. ____________________.
11. Caused harm or suffering. ____________________.

Glossary – ‫مفردات النص‬

‫ قطعة قصص ملهمة عن الصمود‬43/42‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
ordeal ‫بالء‬ a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of time
sea bed ‫قاع البحر‬ the land at the bottom of the sea
supplies ‫مؤن‬ food and other ordinary goods needed by people every day

Random Collocations – ‫متالزمات عشوائية‬

30‫كتاب التمارين ص‬
‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المتالزمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
acknowledge the mistakes ‫ االعياف باألخطاء‬admit being wrong ‫اعيف بالخطأ‬
offer an apology ‫تقديم اعتذار‬ take the blame ‫تحمل اللوم‬
make amends ‫إصالح األمور‬

‫أكمل المتالزمات‬
1. It’s not easy to ______________ your mistakes and say sorry.

85
2. In most situations she is incapable of ______________ that she’s wrong.
3. Her ‘shortcut’ actually took twice as long, but did she ______________ the blame or
______________ an apology?
4. So when I saw him, I decided to try and ______________ amends.

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

[ choice / clue / consider / do / messed up / off / take ]
• A: Oh no! I’ve really 1 __________ – I’ve lost the house key. What shall we do? B: Well, let’s
2 __________ our options; we could try to open that window or break it. A: It won’t open.
What now? B: I haven’t a 3 __________. A: It’s cold out here. Now I realise how much I 4
__________ my house for granted. B: Have a chocolate. It should take your mind 5
__________ the cold. A: Thanks! That should 6 __________ the trick. B: Well, I think we
have no 7 __________ but to break the window.

Advantages & Disadvantages Phrases – ‫عبارات اإليجابيات والسلبيات‬

45‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ Function ‫الوظيفة‬
A major/minor/obvious/possible/potential/significant
‫عند‬
+
‫مناقشة‬ Discussing
advantage of / argument for / benefit of / good point about /
‫اإليجابيات‬ advantages and
positive aspect of … is that …
disadvantages
A major/minor/obvious/possible/potential/significant
‫عند‬ ‫مناقشة اإليجابيات‬
+
‫مناقشة‬ ‫والسلبيات‬
argument against / disadvantage of / downside of /
‫السلبيات‬
drawback of / negative aspect of / minus point of … is that …

On first consideration, this seems … ... ‫ يبدو أن هذا‬،‫األوىل‬

‫ي‬ ‫عند التفكي‬
Ultimately, there are arguments on both ‫ هناك حجج من كال‬،‫ز يف النهاية‬
sides. ‫ز‬
‫الجانبي‬ Summing up your
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
Having looked at both sides of the ‫ أعتقد أن‬،‫ عد النظر يف كال الجانبي‬argument / Giving
argument, I think … ... your opinion
‫عىل الرغم من أن بعض الناس قد‬ ‫إبداء رأيك‬
Although some people might disagree, I ‫ز‬
‫أنت ال أستطيع‬ ‫ إال ي‬،‫مغ‬‫ال يتفقون ي‬
can’t help feeling that …
... ‫أن أتوقف عن الشعور بأن‬

86
Refugees’ Long Jump to Success – ‫قفزة الالجئين نحو النجاح‬
)Article ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬39‫قطعة ص‬
ً ً
ً ‫الجئا يمكن أن يكون‬
Being a refugee can be very difficult. Some people .‫صعبا للغاية‬ ‫أمرا‬ ‫أن تكون‬
have to leave their homes, family, and jobs ‫بعض األشخاص يضطرون إىل ترك منازلهم‬
because of problems in their own country. But the .‫وعائالتهم وأعمالهم بسبب المشاكل ز يف بالدهم‬
Olympic Refugee Foundation is using sport to give ‫ز‬
‫الالجئي األولمبية تستخدم الرياضة‬ ‫لكن مؤسسة‬
opportunities to these people, helping young ‫ حيث تساعد‬،‫لتقديم الفرص لهؤالء األشخاص‬
people to learn new skills, meet other people, and ‫ مقابلة أشخاص‬،‫الشباب عىل تعلم مهارات جديدة‬
potentially find success. .‫ وربما إيجاد النجاح‬،‫آخرين‬

ً‫زز‬
The African country of Uganda gives a home to 1.6 ‫ألكي من‬‫ميًل ر‬ ‫تمنح دولة أوغندا ز يف أفريقيا‬
more than 1.6 million refugees, more than any ‫ ز يف‬.‫أكي من أي دولة أخرى ز يف أفريقيا‬ ‫ ر‬،‫الج‬ ‫مليون ر‬
other country in Africa. In 2020, the Olympic ‫ز‬
‫الالجئي األولمبية‬ ‫ بدأت مؤسسة‬،2020 ‫عام‬
‫وعا ز يف أوغندا لمساعدة العديد من‬
‫ز‬ ً ‫مرس‬
Refugee Foundation started a project in Uganda to ‫الالجئي من‬
help many of the refugees through teaching them ‫ اكتشفوا أن الرياضة‬.‫خالل تعليمهم الرياضة‬
sports. They found that sport helped their mental ‫تحسي صحتهم النفسية ليس فقط‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ساعدت ز يف‬
ً ‫ز‬
health by not only helping them physically but by ‫ ولكن أيضا‬،‫تحسي صحتهم الجسدية‬ ‫من خالل‬
‫ز‬
helping them meet new friends as well. .‫من خالل مساعدتهم يف مقابلة أصدقاء جدد‬

1. Why do some people become refugees, according to the text?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. How does the Olympic Refugee Foundation help refugees in Uganda?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How many refugees live in Uganda, and why is it significant?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What mental health benefits did refugees experience from participating in sports?
___________________________________________________________________________

87
 There are around 100 million refugees around the .‫الج حول العالم‬ ‫ مليون ر‬100 ‫حواىل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يوجد‬
world. Some of the refugees were top athletes already ‫ز‬
‫بارعي بالفعل‬ ‫ز‬
‫رياضيي‬ ‫ز‬
‫الالجئي كانوا‬ ‫بعض‬
when they left their countries, and many are good ‫ وكثي منهم ماهر بما‬،‫عندما غادروا بالدهم‬
‫يكف ز يف رياضته الخاصة ليتم اختياره ز يف فريق‬ ‫ي‬
‫ز‬
enough at their particular sport to be chosen for the
،2024 ‫ ز يف أولمبياد باريس‬.‫األولمت‬ ‫ري‬
‫ز‬
‫الالجئي‬
Refugee Olympic Team. In the Paris Olympics of 2024, ‫ز‬ ً
15 ‫ رياضيا يف الفريق جاءوا من‬37 ‫كان هناك‬
there were 37 athletes in the team who had come ‫ كانوا قادرين عىل المشاركة ز يف‬.‫دولة مختلفة‬
from 15 different countries. They were able to ‫ بما ز يف ذلك السباحة‬،‫ رياضة مختلفة‬12
compete in 12 different sports, including swimming, ‫وركوب الدراجات وركوب الزوارق وألعاب‬
،‫كاسنو غريسو‬ ‫ أميلو ر‬،‫الرياضيي‬‫ز‬ ‫ أحد‬.‫القوى‬
cycling, canoeing, and athletics. One of the athletes,
Amelio Castro Grueso, competed in the wheelchair ،‫الكرش المتحرك‬‫ي‬ ‫شارك ز يف المبارزة عل‬
.‫ولكنه خرس بفارق ضئيل أمام مبارز آخر‬
fencing, but narrowly lost to another fencer. Some of
‫األولمبيي يرغبون اآلن ز يف أن‬
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
‫الالجئي‬ ‫بعض‬
the Olympic refugees now want to become sports ‫ز‬
‫يصبحوا مدربي رياضيي حت يتمكنوا من‬ ‫ز‬
coaches so that they can help young athletes to ‫الرياضيي الشباب عىل تحقيق‬ ‫ز‬ ‫مساعدة‬
become successful, whatever their backgrounds. .‫ بغض النظر عن خلفياتهم‬،‫النجاح‬

1. How many refugees are there around the world according to the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How many athletes were in the Refugee Olympic Team in Paris 2024?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. In which sports did the Refugee Olympic Team compete?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What do some of the Olympic refugees now want to do in the future?
___________________________________________________________________________

88
Inspirational Stories of Resilience – ‫قصص ملهمة عن الصمود‬
)news story ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬43‫قطعة ص‬
Indonesian teenager, Aldi Adilang, is only 19, but he ‫اإلندونيس ألدي أديالنج يبلغ من العمر‬‫ي‬ ‫المراهق‬
‫ لكنه مر بالفعل بمحنة الضياع فز‬،‫عاما فقط‬ ً 19
has already gone through the ordeal of being lost at ‫ي‬
sea an incredible three times! The first two times he ‫ز‬
،‫األوليي‬ ‫تي‬‫البحر ثالث مرات ال تصدق! زف المر ز‬
‫ي‬
‫ وفز‬،‫نجا بأقل العواقب؛ فقد يطفو لمدة أسبوع‬
got off relatively lightly; he was drifting for a week, ‫ي‬
and the second time for two days. Those ‫ تبدو هذه التجارب‬.‫يومي‬‫ز‬ ‫المرة الثانية لمدة‬
‫ز‬
experiences sound terrifying enough, but on the ‫ لكن يف المرة الثالثة كان‬،‫مرعبة بما فيه الكفاية‬
ً ً 49 ‫وحيدا زف المحيط لمدة‬ ً
third occasion he was alone in the ocean for 49 long .‫يوما طويال‬ ‫ي‬
days.
‫ ز‬،‫منذ أن كان زف السادسة عرسة من عمره‬
‫قص‬ ‫ي‬
From when he was 16 years old, Aldi had spent ‫ألدي أسابيع ز يف كل مرة يعمل عىل فخ صيد‬
weeks at a time working on a fishing trap, known as ‫ وهو نوع من‬،‫ ُيعرف باسم رومبونج‬،‫السمك‬
a rompong, a kind of hut which floats in the middle ‫الت تطفو ز يف منتصف البحر ولكنها‬
‫األكواخ ي‬
of the sea but is attached to the sea bed with a rope. ‫ كل ليلة كان يشعل‬.‫متصلة بقاع البحر بحبل‬
Every night he would light lamps to attract the fish ‫ كانت‬.‫المصابيح لجذب األسماك إىل شبكاته‬
to his nets. It was a lonely kind of life. .‫حياة وحيدة‬

This day had started just like any other, until the ‫ حت انقطع‬،‫تماما مثل أي يوم آخر‬ ً ‫بدأ هذا اليوم‬
rope attaching his rompong to the bottom of the sea ‫ وبدأ ز يف‬،‫الحبل الذي يربط رومبونج بقاع البحر‬
ً
broke and, already far from the coast, he started to ‫ لم يكن‬،‫ ز يف البداية‬.‫االنجراف بعيدا عن الساحل‬
ً ً
drift even further away. At first, he wasn’t too ‫سيأن عاجال أم‬‫ي‬ ‫ كان يعتقد أن رئيسه‬.‫قلقا للغاية‬
ً
worried. He took it for granted that sooner or later ‫ كان لدى ألدي‬.‫ كما فعل من قبل‬،‫آجال إلنقاذه‬
ً
his boss would come and rescue him, as he had ‫ كان متأكدا من أن‬.‫مؤن أسبوع كامل من الطعام‬
done before. Aldi had a week’s supply of food. He .‫سء سيكون عىل ما يرام‬‫كل ي‬
was sure it would all be fine.
‫كان يصطاد‬.‫ نفدت إمداداته‬،‫ولكن بعد أسبوع‬
But after a week, his supplies ran out. He caught fish ‫الخشت‬
‫ري‬ ‫األسماك ويستخدم أجزاء من كوخه‬
and used parts of his wooden hut to make a fire and ‫ وألنه لم يعد لديه‬.‫وطه األسماك‬‫ي‬ ‫إلشعال النار‬
cook the fish. Not having any more fresh drinking ‫ لم يكن أمامه خيار سوى‬،‫أي مياه رسب عذبة‬
water, he had no choice but to drink sea water. ‫ قام بتصفية مياه‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫رسب مياه البحر‬
However, he filtered the sea water through his ‫ ال بد‬.‫البحر من خالل مالبسه لتقليل كمية الملح‬
clothes to reduce the amount of salt. This must have ‫أن هذا نجح ألنه نجا لمدة أربعة أيام حت‬
done the trick because he survived for four days ‫ وتمكن من جمع بعض مياه‬،‫هطلت األمطار‬
until it rained, and he was able to collect some .‫األمطار‬
rainwater.

89
1. How many times has Aldi Adilang been lost at sea?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is a "rompong," and what role did it play in Aldi's life?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How did Aldi survive when his food supply ran out?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why did Aldi filter the sea water before drinking it?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. How long was Aldi alone in the ocean during his third ordeal?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What did Aldi do to cook the fish he caught?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What did Aldi initially think would happen after the rope broke?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. In the sentence "This must have done the trick" what does the pronoun "this" refer to?
___________________________________________________________________________

His survival skills were keeping him alive, but he was ‫كانت مهاراته ز يف البقاء عىل قيد الحياة تحافظ‬
starting to wonder if he would ever be rescued. He ‫ لكنه بدأ يتساءل إذا كان سيتم إنقاذه‬،‫عىل حياته‬
saw more than ten ships sail past him, but none of ‫أكي من عرسة سفن تبحر بالقرب‬ ‫ رأى ر‬.‫يوما ما‬
ً
them seemed to have a clue that he was there. After ‫ لكن لم يبدو أن ًأيا منها كانت تعلم أنه‬،‫منه‬
a few weeks, he thought he had at last got his lucky ‫ ظن أنه قد حصل‬،‫ بعد بضعة أسابيع‬.‫هناك‬
break when he managed to talk to the captain of an ‫أخنا عل فرصته عندما تمكن من التحدث مع‬ ً
Indonesian ship by walkie-talkie. The captain ‫ وعده‬.‫الالسلك‬
‫ي‬ ‫عي جهاز‬‫قائد سفينة إندونيسية ر‬
promised he would pick him up once they had ‫القائد بأنه سيقوم بإنقاذه بعد أن ينتهوا من‬
finished work for the day. Heartbreakingly, Aldi َ‫ لم ير‬،‫ لكن بشكل مؤلم‬.‫العمل ليوم ذلك اليوم‬
never saw the ship again. .‫ألدي السفينة مرة أخرى‬

ً
After this setback, he really started to worry. To try ‫ ز يف‬.‫ بدأ يشعر بالقلق حقا‬،‫بعد هذه االنتكاسة‬
and take his mind off his situation, he sang and ‫ ومع‬.‫غت وقرأ‬ ‫ ز‬،‫محاولة إلبعاد ذهنه عن وضعه‬
read. However, the isolation took its toll on him. He ‫اعنف أنه كاد أن‬ ‫ ر‬.‫ بدأت العزلة تؤثر عليه‬،‫ذلك‬
admitted that he almost gave up hope, but the ‫ لكن فكرة رؤية والديه مرة أخرى‬،‫يفقد األمل‬
thought of seeing his parents again kept him going. ‫ وبعد‬،‫ ز يف النهاية‬.‫كانت تحفزه عل االستمرار‬
In the end, after 49 days, he saw a ship, The ‫ ليفهمه‬."‫ "ذا آربيجيو‬،‫ رأى سفينة‬،‫يوما‬ً 49
Arpeggio. Desperate to make himself understood, ‫ز‬
‫اإلنجليية‬ ‫ استخدم الكلمات القليلة من‬،‫اآلخرون‬

90
 he used the few words of English he knew over the "!‫ "مساعدة! مساعدة‬:‫عي الراديو‬‫الت يعرفها ر‬
‫ي‬
radio: ‘Help! Help!’ The ship turned around to pick ‫ كانت السفينة‬.‫فاستدارت السفينة وأخذته‬
him up. The boat was heading for Japan, so they ً .‫ لذلك أخذوه معهم‬،‫متجهة نحو اليابان‬
،‫أخيا‬
took him with them. Finally, the Indonesian embassy ‫قامت السفارة اإلندونيسية بجمعه وأعادته إىل‬
collected him and flew him home, almost two .‫ بعد ما يقرب من شهرين منذ بدء محنته‬،‫وطنه‬
months after his ordeal had begun.
‫ بدأ‬،‫بمجرد أن عاد بأمان إىل وطنه مع عائلته‬
‫ز‬
Safely back home with his family, Aldi considered his ‫ كانت عائلته تعيش ز يف‬.‫ألدي يفكر يف خياراته‬
options. His family lived in some hardship, and his ‫ من‬،‫ وكانت وظيفته‬،‫بعض الظروف الصعبة‬
‫دوالرا فز‬
ً ً
job was, from his perspective, relatively lucrative at ‫ي‬ 134 ‫نسبيا بمقدار‬ ‫ مربحة‬،‫وجهة نظره‬
$134 a month. However, having found himself ‫ بعد أن وجد نفسه ينجرف‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫الشهر‬
drifting three times since he started the job aged 16, ‫ قرر هو‬،16 ‫ثالث مرات منذ أن بدأ العمل ز يف سن‬
he and his family decided it simply wasn’t worth the .‫وعائلته أنه ببساطة لم يكن يستحق المخاطرة‬
ً
risk. From now on, he’ll be staying firmly on dry .‫ سيبف عىل األرض الجافة‬،‫فصاعدا‬ ‫من اآلن‬
land.

1. How many ships passed by Aldi while he was lost at sea, and did any of them notice him?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How did Aldi try to take his mind off his situation during the isolation?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What was the name of the ship that finally rescued Aldi, and where was it heading?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How long was Aldi lost at sea before being rescued?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What was Aldi's job, and how much did he earn from it?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What did Aldi's family decide regarding his job after his third experience of drifting at sea?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. How did Aldi try to communicate when he saw the ship for the final time?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What does the underlined pronoun "he" refer to?
___________________________________________________________________________

91
 ‫سؤال الكتاب‬
1. Why is the word heartbreakingly used in Paragraph G?
a. To explain how Aldi must have felt when he saw the ship.
b. To justify why Aldi felt that his troubles were now over.
c. To express the writer’s own feelings about the captain’s actions.

2. What is suggested about Aldi’s job in Paragraph D?

a. The job was well-paid and relatively easy work.
b. He risked his life by taking the job because he was poor.
c. His parents were relieved when he gave up the job.

3. How can we describe Aldi’s personality?

a. He is resourceful and determined.
b. He is always optimistic about the future.
c. He has a tendency towards depression.

Fair Play – ‫اللعب العادل‬

)article ‫ من كتاب التمارين (نوع النص‬35‫قطعة ص‬
Anyone who takes part in a competitive sport ‫أي شخص يشارك ز يف رياضة تنافسية يعرف كيف‬
knows how the natural human desire to win can ‫أن الرغبة البرسية الطبيعية ز يف الفوز يمكن أن‬
ُ
bring out the worst in people. "Survival of the ‫ "البقاء لألصلح" هو‬.‫تخرج أسوأ ما ز يف الناس‬
fittest" is the name of the game, and it can turn ‫ز‬
‫العاديي‬ ‫ ويمكن أن يحول األشخاص‬،‫شعار اللعبة‬
‫ز‬
perfectly normal people into unpleasant ‫ فكر يف ر ي‬.‫إىل أفراد غن مرغوب فيهم‬
‫العت كرة‬
individuals. Think of the professional footballers ً ‫في الذين ينسون‬
‫تماما اللعب‬ ‫ر‬
‫المحن ز‬ ‫القدم‬
‫ز‬
who forget all about fair play in an attempt to win .‫النظيف يف محاولة لكسب ركلة جزاء لفريقهم‬
their side a penalty.
ُ ‫ر‬
‫الت تظهر الجانب‬ ‫ فإن القصص‬،‫لحسن الحظ‬
ً ‫ي‬
Fortunately, stories demonstrating the better side ‫األفضل من الطبيعة البرسية أحيانا تصبح حديث‬
of human nature sometimes hit the headlines. One ‫ واحدة من أشهر هذه اللحظات‬.‫الصحافة‬
of the best-known examples of such sporting ‫ ز يف سلسلة سباقات‬2016 ‫الرياضية حدثت ز يف عام‬
ّ
moments happened in 2016 in the Triathlon World ‫ كان العداء‬.‫النياتلون العالمية ز يف المكسيك‬
‫ر‬
Series in Mexico. British runner Jonny Brownlee ‫اونىل عىل وشك الفوز بالمركز‬ ‫يطان ز‬
‫ز‬
‫جون بر ي‬‫ي‬ ‫الي ي‬ ‫ر‬
was about to finish first when the heat made him ill ‫يعان من المرض وكان عىل‬ ‫ز‬
‫األول عندما جعله الحر ي‬
‫ز‬
and he was about to fall over. Jonny’s brother, ‫ كان شقيقه أليستي يف المركز‬.‫وشك السقوط‬

92
 ‫ز‬
Alistair, was in third place when he saw his brother ‫عي خط‬
‫الثالث عندما رأى أخاه وساعده يف حمله ر‬
and helped carry him over the finish line. .‫النهاية‬

If his brother hadn’t helped Jonny, he probably ‫ ربما لم يكن ليكمل‬،‫إذا لم يكن شقيقه قد ساعده‬
ً
wouldn’t have finished the race. Although on the ‫ قد ال يكون معروفا‬،‫ وعىل الجانب اآلخر‬.‫السباق‬
ً
other hand, he might not be so well known today. ‫ إذا أردنا حقا العثور‬،‫ ز يف الواقع‬.‫اآلن كما هو الحال‬
In fact, if we really want to find them, there are ‫ هناك العديد من القصص عن البطولة‬،‫عليها‬
many stories of sporting heroism. We can read ‫الرغت الذين‬
‫ي‬ ‫ يمكننا قراءة عن ر ي‬.‫الرياضية‬
‫العت‬
about rugby players who stop playing to help an ‫ وعن‬،‫يتوقفون عن اللعب لمساعدة العب مصاب‬
injured fellow player, golfers who admit to doing ‫العت الجولف الذين يعيفون بارتكاب خطأ حت‬ ‫ي‬
something wrong even if no one saw, and Formula ‫ الذين‬1 ‫سائف الفورموال‬ ‫وعن‬ ،‫أحد‬ َ ‫لو لم‬
‫ير‬
‫ي‬
One racing drivers stopping to help others who ‫يتوقفون لمساعدة اآلخرين الذين تعرضوا لحادث‬
have had a serious accident. .‫خطي‬

Although some people might disagree, I can’t help ‫ ال‬،‫عىل الرغم من أن بعض الناس قد يختلفون‬
feeling that all the examples mentioned reflect the ‫أستطيع إال أن أشعر أن جميع األمثلة المذكورة‬
basic goodness of human beings. .‫تعكس الطيبة األساسية ز يف البرس‬

1. Why was Jonny Brownlee unable to finish the race by himself in the 2016 Triathlon World
Series?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What did Alistair Brownlee do when he saw his brother struggling during the race?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How does the author feel about the examples of sportsmanship mentioned in the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What are some other examples of sporting heroism, according to the text?
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Conditionals – ‫الجمل الشرطية‬
‫هنالك أربع أنواع من الجملة الشرطية‬

‫النوع‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة من األستاذ‬

A situation that the
If + Present Simple, speaker considers is ➢ If you heat water, it boils.
Zero
Present Simple generally true ➢ The ground gets wet if it rains.
‫حقائق عامة‬
A situation that the
➢ If I study hard, I will pass the
speaker considers is
If + Present Simple, exam.
First likely to happen
will V1 ‫سء محتمل الحدوث فز‬ ➢ We will stay at home if it rains
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫المستقبل‬ tomorrow.

A hypothetical / ➢ If I were a professional

If + Past Simple, imaginary situation in the sportsman, I would probably be
Second would/might/could present or future much richer now.
‫ز‬ ‫افياض سء ز‬
V1 ‫أو‬ ‫الحاض‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫ف‬
‫ي ي‬ ➢ She would get better grades if
‫المستقبل‬ she studied harder.
➢ If I had studied harder, I would
A hypothetical /
If + Past Perfect, have passed the exam.
imaginary situation in
Third would/might/could ➢ I wouldn’t have done so well at
the past
have V3 university if I hadn’t done all
‫ز‬
‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫سء ز يف الزمن‬
‫افياض ي‬
those things.

‫وصل الجمل مع النوع المناسب‬

1. If you read the travel pages, you’ll probably hear about a new tourist attraction somewhere
in the world.
2. If a tourist attraction is popular, it can be very good news for the organisers.
3. Perhaps more people would have wanted to climb it if they hadn’t had to splash out on an
entrance fee.
4. If you drove the route, you would see castles, beaches and amazing mountains.

a) Zero conditional (A situation that the speaker considers is generally true.) _____
b) First conditional (A situation that the speaker considers is likely to happen.) _____
c) Second conditional (A hypothetical situation in the present or future.) _____
d) Third conditional (A hypothetical situation in the past.) _____

94
 ‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. If I ________ (wake) up early, I will go for a run.
2. If you heat ice, it ________ (melt).
3. She would travel the world if she ________ (have) enough money.
4. If they had studied harder, they ________ (pass) the test.
5. If you press this button, the machine ________ (stop).
6. If he ________ (exercise) regularly, he wouldn’t be overweight.
7. If I ________ (know) about the meeting, I would have attended it.
8. If you don’t water the plants, they ________ (die).
9. If we had left earlier, we ________ (catch) the train.
10. If he ________ (practice) more, he will improve his skills.
11. If you ________ (freeze) water, it turns into ice.
12. If she ________ (study) harder, she would get better grades.
13. The ground gets wet if it ________ (rain).
14. If I ________ (forget) my umbrella, I will get soaked.
15. If I ________ (see) a ghost, I would run away screaming.
16. If they ________ (prepare) better, they wouldn’t have lost the competition.

‫ للتعبير عن مواقف تربط بين وقتين مختلفين‬second/third ‫يمكننا أن نخلط بين آخر نوعين‬

‫النوع‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة من األستاذ‬

the effects of an
imaginary present ➢ If I didn’t speak Spanish, I
If + Past Simple,
Mixed 1 situation on the past would never have met my
would have V3 ‫ز‬
‫الحاض‬ ‫تأثي افياض ز يف الزمن‬ Spanish friend.
‫الماض‬‫ز‬ ‫عىل الزمن‬
‫ي‬
the consequences in the
present of an imaginary
If + Past Perfect, ➢ If I had won that competition, I
Mixed 2 past situation
would V1 would be richer than I am now.
‫ماض‬
‫ي‬
‫ز‬ ‫تأثي افياض ز يف الزمن ال‬
‫حاض‬ ‫عىل الزمن ال ز‬

‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. If I didn’t speak German, I ________ (struggle) in my interview last year.
2. If Sarah had studied harder, she ________ (be) a lawyer now.
3. If we had saved more money, we ________ (travel) the world now.

95
4. If he weren’t so shy, he ________ (make) more friends at the party.
5. If they hadn’t missed their flight, they ________ (relax) on the beach now.
6. If I were more confident, I ________ (accept) that job offer.
7. If she hadn’t moved to another city, she ________ (live) next door to us now.
8. If we were better prepared, we ________ (perform) better in yesterday’s presentation.
9. If John had won the lottery, he ________ (live) in a mansion now.
10. If I didn’t work so much, I ________ (spend) more time with my family last summer.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. If Issa isn’t / wasn’t afraid of snakes, he would have picked it up.
2. If he learnt/ had learnt to swim, he might be in the sea now.
3. I will / would be famous if I had taken that job.
4. If he fell / had fallen, he would be dead now.
5. If he looked / had looked at the map, he wouldn’t be lost.

‫وصل الجمل‬
1. Unless you’re very well-off, _____
2. Zeinab wouldn’t run out of cash every month _____
3. You can live on very little _____
4. If the exams were easier, _____
5. My parents wouldn’t be as well-off as they are _____

a) if she didn’t splash out every time she went shopping.

b) you’ll need to borrow money to buy a house.
c) if I’d gone to a costly private school.
d) I wouldn’t have had to work so hard to pass my exams.
e) if you manage your finances carefully.

‫وصل الجمل ز يف التمرين السابق مع النوع واالستخدام الخاص بها‬

1. Zero conditional: a situation that the speaker considers always true. _____
2. First conditional: a situation that is likely to happen in the future. _____
3. Second conditional: a hypothetical or improbable situation in the present or future. _____
4. Mixed conditional: the present consequences of a hypothetical past situation. _____
5. Mixed conditional: the effects of a hypothetical present situation on the past. _____

96
 ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬
1. If video games weren’t so costly, I’d buy a new one every month.
a. Video games are / aren’t costly.
b. I buy / don’t buy a new one every month.
2. If you don’t buy the car today, it will be more expensive tomorrow.
a. You are recommended / not recommended to buy the car today.
b. The car costs more / less today than it will tomorrow.
3. If we were affluent, we would’ve bought a big flat.
a. We are / aren’t affluent.
b. We bought / didn’t buy a big flat.

"‫ بمعنى "إال إذا‬if ‫ بدل‬unless ‫ أحيانًا تُستخدم‬:‫مالحظة‬

➢ You will pass the exam if you study well.
o You won’t pass the exam unless you study well.
o You will pass the exam unless you don’t study well.

➢ If he doesn’t apologize, she won’t forgive him.

o Unless he apologizes, she won’t forgive him.
o Unless he doesn’t apologize, she will forgive him.

‫ عندما يكون الحدث في الجملة الشرطية مؤكد الحدوث وليس مجرد احتمال‬when ‫تُستخدم‬
Zero/First ‫نستخدمها فقط مع‬
➢ When the sun sets, it gets dark.
➢ When I get home, I will call you.
➢ When/If I sleep late, I wake up the next day very tired.

if/unless/when ‫ضع ز يف الفراغ‬

1. _________ you run, you’re going to be late for the lesson.
2. You’ll laugh _________ I tell you what happened to me yesterday.
3. _________ you don’t feel like going, then don’t go!
4. Don’t bother making coffee for me _________ you’re making one yourself.
5. _________ I told you a secret, would you be able to keep it?
6. _________ the clock strikes midday, the race will begin.

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 ‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. If she _____________ (not/be) an interesting person, the journalists _____________
(not/interview) her.
2. People _____________ (not/be) successful unless they _____________ (know) what they
want.
3. If he _____________ (accept) the job with the travel agency last year, he _____________
(be) in Australia now.
4. If you _____________ (not/give up) languages at school, you _____________ (be able)
work abroad now.

Wish/If only – ‫قاعدة الندم والتمني‬

‫ للتعبير عن الندم على شيء حدث أو شيء لم يحدث أو لتمني شيء في المستقبل‬wish/if only ‫نستخدم‬

‫الشكل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة من األستاذ‬

to talk about present regrets ➢ I wish I had a car.
wish/if only + V2 ‫ز‬
‫الحاض‬ ‫سء ز يف الزمن‬ ‫ز‬
‫مت ي‬
‫لت ي‬ ➢ If only I knew how to swim.
➢ I wish you had told me that the
to talk about past regrets
wish/if only + had house was old.
‫سء حدث أو لم يحدث ز يف‬‫للندم عىل ي‬
V3 ‫ز‬ ➢ If only I had left my car at home
‫الماض‬
‫ي‬
today.
we want someone else’s behavior
➢ I wish you would stop talking.
wish/if only + to change.
‫نتمت من شخص أن يغي سلوكه فز‬
‫عندما ز‬ ➢ If only he would drive more
would V1 ‫ي‬
carefully.
‫المستقبل‬

.‫ في اللغة الرسمية‬was ‫ بدلًا من‬I/he/she/it ‫ مع‬were ‫نستخدم‬

➢ I wish I was taller. (informal)
➢ I wish I were taller. (formal)

‫تمني‬/‫في نمط صحح الفعل بين قوسين ونمط االختيار المتعدد ننظر لزمن الجملة ونحدد فيما إذا كانت ندم‬

➢ I wish I ___________ (study) more often. ‫تمت‬ ‫ز‬

‫الجملة مضارع إذن ي‬
‫الجملة ز‬
➢ If only I ___________ (call) you yesterday. ‫ماض إذن ندم‬
‫ي‬
‫هنا ز‬
➢ I wish he ___________ (behave) himself in school. ‫نتمت تغيي سلوك شخص آخر‬

98
 ‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. I wish I _____________ (speak) Spanish fluently.
2. If only you _____________ (not spend) all your money yesterday.
3. She wishes her parents _____________ (let) her travel alone.
4. If only my best friend _____________ (call) me more often.
5. I wish I _____________ (not eat) so much cake at the party last night.
6. If only it _____________ (not rain) so much today.
7. He wishes he _____________ (be) taller.
8. If only my neighbors _____________ (turn down) their music at night.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. I wish I ______ a bigger house.
a) have b) had c) will have d) has
2. If only I ______ about the meeting, I wouldn’t have missed it.
a) knew b) have known c) had known d) know
3. She wishes her brother ______ her things without asking.
a) wouldn’t take b) didn’t take c) hadn’t taken d) doesn’t take
4. If only he ______ his phone when I called him.
a) answer b) answers c) had answered d) will answer
5. I wish it ______ so cold today.
a) wasn’t b) didn’t be c) isn’t d) hadn’t been
6. If only they ______ more time to prepare for the test last week.
a) had b) have had c) had had d) has
7. I wish my little sister ______ crying all the time.
a) stop b) would stop c) stops d) stopping
8. If only she ______ how to swim, she could join us.
a) knew b) had known c) knows d) will know

99
 ‫في نمط أعد كتابة الجملة ببساطة احفظ التحويالت اآلتية وريح راسك‬

‫التمني‬
V1 → didn't V1
don’t/doesn’t V1 → V2
is/am/are → weren't
is/am/are not → were

➢ I struggle when I travel alone.

o I wish I didn’t struggle when I travel alone.
➢ I don’t have a nice car.
o I wish I had a nice car.
➢ I am late to the meeting.
o If only I weren’t late to the meeting.

‫الندم‬
V2 → hadn't V3
didn't V1 → had V3
regret → hadn’t V3
regret not → had V3

➢ My teacher told me off yesterday in class.

o I wish my teacher hadn’t told me off yesterday in class.
➢ I didn’t notice the email.
o If only I had noticed the email.
➢ I regret forgetting my wallet at home.
o If only I hadn’t forgotten my wallet at home.

‫ إذا كنا نريد من شخص أن يغير سلوكه‬would V1 ‫لكن ال تنسى أننا نضع‬
➢ He never arrives on time.
o I wish he would arrive on time.

‫أعد كتابة الجملة‬

1. I don’t have enough free time to read books.
_________________________________________________________.
2. She didn’t tell me the truth, so I was surprised.
_________________________________________________________.

100
3. My brother never cleans his room.
_________________________________________________________.
4. I regret not studying harder for the final exam.
_________________________________________________________.
5. She doesn't know how to drive.
_________________________________________________________.
6. He always interrupts me when I’m talking.
_________________________________________________________.
7. I didn’t wake up early, so I missed my flight.
_________________________________________________________.
8. The weather is too hot today.
_________________________________________________________.

Past Modals for Criticising – ‫أفعال النقد واللوم‬

.‫نستخدم هذه األفعال عندما نريد انتقاد تصرفات أو أفعال حدثت في الماضي‬

‫الشكل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة من األستاذ‬

should (not) when we criticise a past action ➢ You should have called me.
have V3 ‫النتقاد سء حدث زف ال ز‬
‫ماض‬ ➢ You shouldn’t have read that letter.
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
when something was possible, but
➢ You could have told me you were
could have didn’t happen, so we are unhappy
coming today!
V3 ‫سء كان ممكن أن يحدث لكن‬
‫للحديث عن ي‬
➢ They could have won!
‫لألسف لم يحدث‬
to talk about an unnecessary action ➢ You needn’t have bought so much
needn't have in the past food.
‫ز‬
‫سء لم يكن من الرصوري أن‬ ➢ he needn’t have woken up early; the
V3 ‫للحديث عن ي‬
‫يحدث لكن لألسف حدث‬ meeting was canceled.
to talk about an unnecessary action
don’t/doesn’t in the present ➢ You don’t need to work today.
‫ز‬
‫سء ليس من الرصوري أن‬ ➢ She doesn’t need to come with us.
need to V1 ‫للحديث عن ي‬
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
‫يحدث يف الزمن الحاض‬

[ needn't have / should have / shouldn't have / could have ] ‫امأل الفراغ‬
1. You ________ gone to bed so late last night. You look really tired today.
2. He ________ have treated her like that. She was only trying to help.
3. I ________ known about the problem earlier and helped you.

101
4. You ________ won the contest. You were doing well.
5. They ________ arrived earlier to the meeting. It started without them.
6. We ________ waited so long for a bus. We should have called a taxi.
7. She ________ have said that in front of everyone. It was embarrassing.
8. You ________ ignored the instructions. You could have made a mistake.
9. He ________ apologized for his behavior; it would have made things better.
10. I ________ gone to the doctor earlier when I felt sick. Now, I have to miss work.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. I wish I could stop eating crisps.
The speaker can / can’t stop eating crisps.
2. If only Alia knew how I felt about it.
Alia does / doesn’t know how the speaker feels about it.
3. They shouldn’t have bought it.
The speaker is talking about someone who did / didn’t buy something.
4. It was sunny so we didn’t need to wear our raincoats.
The speakers did / didn’t wear their raincoats.
5. I should have asked if the boy needed any help.
It was a good idea to ask if the boy needed any help, so the speaker did / but the speaker
didn’t.
6. Ali could have given Fadi a lift into town.
Fadi did / didn’t get a lift into town from Ali.

‫ز‬
‫قوسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي‬
1. I wish I ___________ (know) what questions they plan to ask during the English oral exam.
2. If only I ___________ (walk) to school yesterday instead of going by bike.
3. You didn’t need to ___________ (buy) that new charging cable but I guess it’s good we’ve
got a spare one.
4. We didn’t need ___________ (bring) our waterproof jackets after all.
5. I wish I ___________ (can be) at the World Cup finals last month and seen my country play.
6. Looking back, perhaps I ___________ (should not say) anything, but I did, so it’s too late.

102
 ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬
1. Your room is a mess! I wish you would pick up / picked up your clothes from the floor!
2. I didn’t need to wait / needn’t have waited long for him because he arrived a couple of
minutes later.
3. You should have had / needn’t have had breakfast; then you wouldn’t be hungry.
4. If only he knew / would know the truth!
5. I wish I had bought / bought her a nicer present – she looked a bit disappointed when I gave
it to her.
6. I wish everything these days isn’t / wasn’t / weren’t so expensive.
7. If only my sister would stop / stopped / had stopped borrowing my clothes!
8. I wish I studied / would study / had studied sciences at school, but it’s too late now.
9. He needn’t have worried / shouldn’t have worried / didn’t need to worry about the test.
He came top!

‫أعد كتابة الفعل الذي تحته خط‬

1. I wish I were luckier.
I wish I ______________ luckier the last time I bought a lottery ticket.
2. If only I could afford to buy a new scooter.
If only I ______________ to buy a new scooter for my sister’s last birthday.
3. I wish you had been here to watch me perform yesterday.
I wish you ______________ here to watch me perform now.
4. If only we had known where you were, we’d have come to get you.
If only we ______________where you are, we would come and get you.

‫ال تنسى )مراجعة‬

+ ‫الوحدة التاسعة‬
‫االمتحان) على المنصة‬

103
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة العاشرة‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------------105‬وصف األشياء – ‪Describing Objects‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------------------105‬وصف الفنون واأللوان – ‪Art and Colour‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------------106‬مفردات التطريز – ‪Embroidery Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------------------------106‬عبارات الجر – ‪Prepositional Phrases‬‬
‫‪ ---------------------------------------107‬مفردات اآلداء – ‪Performance Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪ ----------------------------------------------108‬عبارات اآلداء – ‪Performance Phrases‬‬
‫‪ ------------------------------------------109‬صفات اآلداء – ‪Performance Adjectives‬‬
‫‪ -------------------------------------------------109‬كلمات متشابهة – ‪Confused Words‬‬
‫‪ -----------------------------112‬التفاوض بشكل غير رسمي – ‪Negotiating Informally‬‬

‫قطع الوحدة العاشرة‬

‫‪ ------------------------------------------------------------------113‬حرق األحداث – ‪Spoilers‬‬

‫قواعد الوحدة العاشرة‬

‫‪ -----------------------------------117‬أفعال االحتمال – ‪Past Modals of Speculation‬‬
‫‪ ------------------------121‬الجمل الظرفية المختصرة – ‪Reduced Adverbial Clauses‬‬

‫‪104‬‬
 ‫مفردات ومصطلحات الوحدة العاشرة‬

Describing Objects – ‫وصف األشياء‬

48‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
beige ‫بيج‬ bone ‫عظىم‬
‫ي‬ bronze ‫برونزي‬
circular ‫دائري‬ cream ‫كريىم‬ curved ‫منحت‬ ‫ز‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
enormous ‫هائل‬ flat ‫مسطح‬ geometric ‫هندس‬
‫ي‬
golden ‫ذهت‬
‫ري‬ hollow ‫مجوف‬ ivory ‫عاج‬ ‫ر ي‬
miniature ‫مصغر‬ pocket-size ‫بحجم الجيب‬ pointed ‫مدبب‬
rectangular ‫مستطيل‬ solid ‫صلب‬ spherical ‫كروي‬
wooden ‫خشت‬
‫ري‬

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

1. The ball is perfectly ___________ in shape, meaning it is round from all sides.
2. This box isn’t square; it has a ___________ shape, with two long sides and two short sides.
3. The statue was ___________ and had a beautiful golden-brown color.
4. She bought a ___________ table that fits in her small bag, making it easy to carry anywhere.
5. The chair is ___________, meaning it is made of natural material from trees.
6. The tunnel was completely ___________ inside, allowing people to walk through it.

Art and Colour – ‫وصف الفنون واأللوان‬

38‫كتاب التمارين ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
distinctive ‫ز‬
‫ممي‬ clashing ‫متنافر‬ rich ‫مىلء ب‬
‫ي‬
insipid ‫باهت‬ subtle ‫دقيق‬ vibrant ‫نابض بالحياة‬
subdued ‫ خافت‬/ ‫ هادئ‬jarring ‫مزعج‬

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

• My aunt loves to make her own clothes. She sometimes makes a thaob, with its distinctive /
jarring wool threads. She uses dye to give the threads vibrant / jarring colours such as
lovely reds or yellows, and her designs sometimes feature rich / subtle decorative birds that

105
 are not easy to see at first. I prefer her designs to the insipid / clashing clothes you often
find in modern shops. These are often dull, in subdued / vibrant shades of brown or grey.

Embroidery Vocabulary – ‫مفردات التطريز‬

50‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬
silk ‫حرير‬ soft cloth made from something produced by a silk worm
threads ‫خيوط‬ long, thin strings of material
precious ‫أحجار‬
valuable jewels such as diamonds
stones ‫كريمة‬
dyes ‫أصباغ‬ things you can use to change the colour of clothes
geometric ‫هندس‬
‫ي‬ having regular lines or shape
traditional beliefs and ideas that have been in a society for a
heritage ‫تراث‬
long time

‫ضع الكلمة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

1. The thaob is made from ____________ and is usually black.
2. The silk is embroidered with ____________ of wool or cotton.
3. They also sometimes use other materials such as metal or ____________.
4. Traditionally, the threads were coloured with natural ____________ from plants.
5. Decorative designs on the thaob may feature plants, ____________ shapes or birds.
6. Modern clothes designers want to keep the ____________ of the thaob alive by using
traditional embroidery designs in other products.

Prepositional Phrases – ‫عبارات الجر‬

‫ قطعة حرق األحداث‬53/52‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬
in suspense ‫ز يف حالة ترقب‬ at least ‫عىل األقل‬ in addition ‫باإلضافة إىل ذلك‬
in all under the
in fact ‫ز يف الواقع‬ ‫عىل األرجح‬ ‫تحت االنطباع‬
likelihood impression
‫عن طريق‬
on purpose ‫عن قصد‬ by accident on their/his/her part ..‫من جانب‬
‫الخطأ‬

106
 ‫ضع حرف الجر المناسب‬
1. ________ suspense 2. ________ fact 3. ________ purpose
4. ________ least 5. ________ all likelihood 6. ________ accident
7. ________ addition 8. ________ the impression 9. ________ their/his/her part

‫أعد كتابة الجملة باستخدام إحدى عبارات الجر‬

1. He didn’t mean to spoil the ending.
____________________________________________________________________.
2. I thought that there would be a happy ending.
____________________________________________________________________.
3. It is very probable that the show will be cancelled.
____________________________________________________________________.
4. I have been excited since last week’s episode, waiting to see what happens!
____________________________________________________________________.
5. You shouldn’t watch less than a few episodes before you decide.
____________________________________________________________________.
6. I asked him what he had liked about the film besides the special effects.
____________________________________________________________________.
7. To tell the truth, I don’t really mind spoilers.
____________________________________________________________________.
8. Revealing the surprising part of the TV series was her mistake.
____________________________________________________________________.
9. You make it sound as if I planned to do it!
____________________________________________________________________.

Performance Vocabulary – ‫مفردات اآلداء‬

54‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬
cast ‫طاقم التمثيل‬ episode ‫حلقة‬ joke ‫نكتة‬
costume ‫زي‬ feature-length ‫طويل المدة‬ plot ‫الحبكة‬
dialogue ‫حوار‬ humour ‫فكاهة‬ scene ‫مشهد‬
season ‫موسم‬ set ‫ موقع التصوير‬sitcom ‫مسلسل كوميدي‬
stage ‫خشبة المرسح‬

107
 ‫صنف الكلمات ز يف الجدول‬
Theatre
Comedy show
Film
TV

Performance Phrases – ‫عبارات اآلداء‬

54‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬
be a must-watch ‫ ال بد من مشاهدته‬be on the edge of your seat ‫متشوق لما يحدث‬
catch up on an episode ‫مشاهدة حلقة فاتتك‬ crack a few jokes ‫يلف النكات‬
‫ي‬
deliver the punchline ‫نه نكتة‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ do a stand-up routine ‫كوميدي‬ ‫عرض‬ ‫يؤدي‬
heckle somebody ‫عىل المؤدي‬
‫يرصخ ي‬ play the lead ‫الرئيش‬
‫ي‬ ‫يلعب الدور‬

‫الت تحتها خط بإحدى عبارات اآلداء‬

‫استبدل العبارة ي‬
1. When he gave the final line of the joke, nobody laughed. ______________________.
2. You can’t miss this film. ______________________.
3. I would never have the confidence to go up on a stage and tell jokes. __________________.
4. I was in suspense right through the film. __________________.
5. We missed our favourite TV show yesterday, so we’ll watch the latest one tonight instead.
______________________.
6. My uncle told a few jokes and got everyone laughing. ______________.

‫أكمل الكلمات بما يناسب الحرف األول‬

1. The c________ refers to the actors taking part in a performance.
2. C________ a joke is a more informal way of saying tell a joke.
3. The p_______ is the storyline of a play, film, TV drama or book.
4. The p___________ is at the end of a joke and usually makes people laugh.
5. A s___________ is a genre of comedy series usually broadcast on TV with the same actors.
6. We say comedians do a s_______-u___ r________ when they tell a series of jokes on stage.

108
 Performance Adjectives – ‫صفات اآلداء‬
54‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الصفة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الصفة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الصفة‬ ‫المعنى‬
appalling ‫مفزع‬ cheesy ‫مبتذل‬ comical ‫فكاه‬
‫ي‬
exceptional ‫استثنان‬
‫ي‬ lively ‫ مفعم بالحيوية‬offensive ‫مشء‬‫ي‬
unconvincing ‫غي مقنع‬

‫ضع الصفة المناسبة ز يف الفراغ‬

1. My friend is always cracking ______________ jokes that aren’t at all funny.
2. Her acting was totally ______________; I couldn’t believe in her as a character at all.
3. It was the worst thing I’ve ever seen – really ______________.
4. Her performance was ______________ – far better than anyone else in the cast.
5. He told a really ______________ joke. It was rude about people and nobody liked it.
6. The costume made him look really ______________ – I couldn’t stop laughing!
7. It was a(n) ______________ show full of laughs and excitement and kept our interest
throughout.

Confused Words – ‫كلمات متشابهة‬

54‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫الصفة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المعنى باللغة اإلنجليزية‬ ‫أمثلة‬
Comic ‫كوميدي‬ things which are meant to be funny ➢ comic film
something that makes you want to ➢ a comical hat / the hat
Comical ‫مضحك‬
laugh was comical
‫ز‬ something that was or will be
Historic ‫تاريح‬
‫ي‬ ➢ a historic occasion
important in history
to describe books, plays and films that
Historical ‫قديم‬ ➢ a historical novel
are set in the past
‫طفوىل‬
‫ي‬ to describe positive qualities that are ➢ She has a childlike way
Childlike
)‫(إيجان‬
‫ري‬ typical of a child of looking at things
‫طفوىل‬
‫ي‬ to show disapproval of behaviour that
Childish ➢ Don’t be so childish!
)‫(سلت‬ ‫ري‬ makes one seem like a child
to describe something made or
Tasteful ‫ذو ذوق‬ ➢ tasteful furnishings
decorated well
to describe someone who has a lot of
Tasty ‫لذيذ‬ ➢ This pizza is really tasty
energy

109
 to describe someone who has a lot of ➢ She is a very lively
Lively ‫حيوي‬
energy person
is used to describe somebody that is
‫عىل قيد‬ ➢ he house was alive with
Alive still living, but also something full of
‫الحياة‬ activity
energy and happiness
➢ This broken phone is
Worthless ‫بال قيمة‬ has no value at all or is useless
worthless.
َّ ➢ Your help was
‫ال ُيقدر‬
Invaluable extremely valuable invaluable to me during
‫بثمن‬
the project.
‫ز‬
‫أيقون‬ a great example of its kind, often ➢ That’s a classic sports
Classic ‫ي‬
‫ومعروف‬ considered timeless car from the 1960s.
➢ I love classical music like
Classical ‫فن تقليدي‬ Related to traditional arts/music
Beethoven.

‫ضع الصفة المناسبة‬

1. This lively / alive new play is a must watch.
2. The new comic / comical put on a great show at the comedy club.
3. I believe a play is worthless / invaluable if the audience aren’t fully engaged.
4. All’s Well That Ends Well is a classic / classical comedy.
5. People will still be talking about this historical / historic production for years.
6. The costumes and scenery were very tasty / tasteful.
7. He plays the role with a childish / childlike innocence.

‫ضع الصفة المناسبة‬

1. COMIC / COMICAL
a. Are you a ______________ actor?
b. He looked ______________ in that big hat.
2. HISTORIC / HISTORICAL
a. This is an excellent ______________ play.
b. Today is a ______________ day for the world’s largest movie studios.
3. CLASSIC / CLASSICAL
a. Don’t miss the ______________ car show next week!
b. I quite like some ______________ music.
4. TASTY / TASTEFUL
a. The way the opera house was decorated was very ______________.

110
 b. ______________ snacks will be available during the break.
5. LIVELY / ALIVE
a. The concert was a ______________ start to the city’s cultural weekend.
b. If only the artist had been ______________ to see his painting sell.
6. INVALUABLE / WORTHLESS
a. This wonderful book is full of ______________ advice for drama students.
b. It seems the final week of rehearsals were ______________ as the first night of
the play was awful.
7. CHILDLIKE / CHILDISH
a. The artist’s best work has a ______________ innocence about it.
b. I found the director’s reaction to the criticism of his film extremely ___________.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. The jokes were so ____________ it was embarrassing.
a) comical b) cheesy c) lively
2. It was an awful film; the acting was poor, the effects terrible and the dialogue ___________.
a) lively b) comical c) unconvincing
3. This ____________ performance by my favourite actor is sure to win her plenty of awards.
a) appalling b) offensive c) lively
4. I dislike this programme because I find the humour ____________.
a) comical b) lively c) offensive
5. This is the best version of the story ever to hit the stage; truly ____________ in every way.
a) exceptional b) comical c) cheesy

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. There was a big bird’s nest inside the ancient tree trunk, which was completely solid / flat /
hollow.
2. The sculpture was so spherical / enormous / curved they couldn’t get it through the door of
the exhibition centre!
3. They were delighted when they found several bronze / pointed / bone coins with their new
metal detector.
4. The music was so cheesy / golden / geometric that we laughed when they played it.
5. This intriguing artefact is circular / ivory / silk in shape, but no one knows what its purpose
was.
6. We left the drink in the freezer and soon the lemonade was solid / spherical / bone.

111
 Negotiating Informally – ‫التفاوض بشكل غير رسمي‬
55‫كتاب الطالب ص‬
‫العبارة‬ ‫المعنى‬ Function ‫الوظيفة‬
How would you feel about (+ -ing) …? ‫؟‬... ‫ماذا ستشعر حيال‬
I thought perhaps we could … ... ‫فكرت ربما يمكننا‬ Making
Supposing we … ... ‫عىل افياض أننا‬ suggestions
ً ‫تقديم اال ر‬
‫قناحات‬
Would it be OK if …? ‫مناسبا إذا …؟‬ ‫هل سيكون‬
What if …? ‫؟‬... ‫ماذا لو‬
ً ‫أليس هذا‬
Isn’t that a bit unprofessional/childish/ ‫نوعا ما غي‬
‫ز‬ Asking for
boring? ‫ممل؟‬/‫طفوىل‬
‫ي‬ /‫مهت‬
‫ي‬
ً clarification
So, are you saying (that) …? ‫ هل تقول (أن) …؟‬،‫إذا‬
‫طلب التوضيح‬
What kind of thing were you thinking of? ‫بماذا تفكر؟‬
I could go along with that. Fair enough. ‫يمكنت الموافقة عىل ذلك‬ ‫ز‬ Accepting a
‫ي‬
suggestion
I’m happy with that. ‫أنا سعيد بذلك‬ ‫ر‬
‫االقناح‬ ‫قبول‬
I don’t know if I would fancy that. ‫ال أعرف إذا كنت سأحب ذلك‬ Not accepting a
I can see what you’re saying, but … ... ‫ لكن‬،‫أستطيع أن أفهم ما تقوله‬ suggestion
... ‫ ولكن‬،‫ال أريد أن أكون غريب‬ ‫ر‬
‫االقناح‬ ‫عدم قبول‬
I don’t want to be awkward, but …
Making a final
So how can we resolve this? Is everyone ‫كيف يمكننا حل هذا؟ هل الجميع‬
decision
happy with that? ‫راضون عن ذلك؟‬
‫النهان‬
‫ي‬ ‫اتخاذ القرار‬

‫أعد كتابة الجملة بأرب ع طرق مختلفة‬

• Let’s see a traditional food display instead.
1. What if _______________________________________________?
2. I thought _______________________________________________?
3. Supposing _______________________________________________?
4. Would it be _______________________________________________?

112
 Spoilers – ‫حرق األحداث‬
)article ‫ من كتاب الطالب (نوع النص‬53‫قطعة ص‬
Why do people enjoy fiction? Some people are ‫لماذا يستمتع الناس بالخيال؟ يعتقد بعض‬
under the impression that it’s because we are in ‫الناس أن السبب هو أننا نشعر بالتشويق لمعرفة‬
suspense about what is going to happen, so ‫أخيك شخص ما بأحداث‬ ‫ لذلك إذا ر‬،‫ما سيحدث‬
someone actually telling you the plot would ً
‫ لهذا‬.‫ فسوف يفسد التجربة تماما‬،‫القصة‬
completely spoil the experience. This is why we refer ‫السبب نشي إىل المقاالت الصحفية أو المدونات‬
to a newspaper article or blog with that kind of ‫الت تحتوي عىل مثل هذه المعلومات بأنها‬ ‫ي‬
ً
information as a ‘spoiler’. News sites are usually ‫" عادة ما تكون مواقع األخبار‬.‫"حرق لألحداث‬
careful to at least signal that there are spoilers in ‫حريصة عىل األقل عىل اإلشارة إىل وجود حرق ز يف‬
their reviews, and when an important plot line gets ‫ وعندما يتم الكشف عن تطور مهم‬،‫مراجعاتها‬
.‫عي اإلنينت‬ ‫ز‬
‘spoilt’, there’s a huge fuss online. But, it’s also clear ‫ يحدث جدل كبي ر‬،‫يف الحبكة‬
ً
that some people actually love reading spoilers. Why ‫ من الواضح أيضا أن بعض الناس يحبون‬،‫ولكن‬
is this? ‫ لماذا يحدث هذا؟‬.‫قراءة الحرق‬

You might be surprised to learn that research would ‫قد تفاجأ عندما تعلم أن األبحاث تشي ز يف الواقع‬
actually suggest the opposite: that spoilers can in ‫ أن الحرق يمكن أن يعزز تجربتنا‬:‫إىل العكس‬
fact enhance our experience. In a study, participants ‫ تم تقسيم‬،‫ ز يف إحدى الدراسات‬.‫بالفعل‬
ُ
were divided into two groups and each group was ‫ وأعطيت كل مجموعة‬،‫مجموعتي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫كي إىل‬‫المشار ز‬
given the same stories to read. In addition, the ‫ تلقت‬،‫ باإلضافة إىل ذلك‬.‫نفس القصص لقراءتها‬
second group were also given brief introductions ‫المجموعة الثانية مقدمات موجزة كشفت‬
which subtly ‘spoilt’ the plots. You might assume .‫بطريقة غن مباشة عن بعض تفاصيل الحبكة‬
that the first group found the stories more engaging, ‫قد تفيض أن المجموعة األوىل وجدت القصص‬
but surprisingly, it was the second group who ‫ ولكن المفاجأة كانت أن المجموعة‬،‫أكي إثارة‬ ‫ر‬
claimed the greatest reading satisfaction. It could be ‫الثانية أبلغت عن أعىل مستوى من الرضا عن‬
said that when we love a book, we often read it ً ‫ يمكن القول إنه عندما نحب‬.‫القراءة‬
‫ فإننا‬،‫كتابا‬
ً
again – sometimes many times. We aren’t doing this ‫ نحن ال‬.‫نقرأه مرة أخرى – وأحيانا عدة مرات‬
to find out what happens. In all likelihood, we enjoy ،‫ عل األرجح‬.‫نفعل ذلك لمعرفة ما سيحدث‬
it more the second time because we are free to ً‫أكي زف المرة الثانية ألننا نكون أحرارا‬
‫نستمتع به ر‬
‫ي‬
notice more of the detail. Knowing what happens at ‫ معرفة ما‬.‫ز يف مالحظة المزيد من التفاصيل‬
the end of great classic works of fiction isn’t going to ‫سيحدث ز يف نهاية األعمال األدبية األيقونية‬
ruin them. .‫العظيمة لن يفسدها‬

113
1. Why do some people believe that spoilers ruin the experience of fiction?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How do news sites handle spoilers in their reviews?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the study on spoilers and reading satisfaction find?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do people reread books if they already know what happens?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the main conclusion about spoilers in the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What does the underlined pronoun “it” refer to?
___________________________________________________________________________

This research was followed up two years later. ‫ز‬

،‫ ولكن‬.‫عامي‬ ‫تمت متابعة هذا البحث بعد‬
However, this time participants were stopped from ‫ز‬
‫ تم إيقاف المشاركي عن قراءة‬،‫هذه المرة‬
reading the stories before they had finished and asked ‫وسئلوا عن مدى‬ ُ ‫القصص قبل أن ينتهوا منها‬
about their enjoyment at that point. It was argued ‫ تمت اإلشارة إىل‬.‫استمتاعهم ز يف تلك اللحظة‬
that most people think that spoilers only have an ‫أن معظم الناس يعتقدون أن الحرق يؤثر فقط‬
impact on the reader’s reaction to the end of the ‫ ولكن‬،‫عىل تفاعل القارئ مع نهاية القصة‬
‫ز‬
story, but this study showed that even halfway ‫أظهرت هذه الدراسة أنه حت يف منتصف‬
through the story, the participants who had read the ‫ كان المشاركون الذين قرأوا الحرق‬،‫القصة‬
ً ‫يجدون القصص ر‬
spoilers were still finding the stories more engaging ‫أكي تشويقا من أولئك الذين‬
than those who didn’t know what was going to ‫ يمكن القول إن هناك‬.‫لم يعرفوا ما سيحدث‬
happen. It could be said that there is plenty of ‫الكثي من األدلة عىل أن بعض اإللمام بالعمل‬
evidence that some familiarity with a work of art ‫الفت يمكن أن يساعدك عىل تقديره بشكل‬ ‫ز‬
‫ي‬
enables you to appreciate it more. .‫أكي‬ ‫ر‬

However, a more recent study found that spoilers did ‫ وجدت دراسة أحدث أن الحرق أثر‬،‫ومع ذلك‬
negatively affect people’s enjoyment. 412 university 412 ‫ فقد تم إعطاء‬.‫سلبا عىل استمتاع الناس‬ ً
students were given several short stories. Before they ً
‫ قبل قراءتهم‬.‫جامعيا عدة قصص قصية‬ ً
‫طالبا‬
read them, they were given summaries of the stories, ،‫ حصلوا عىل ملخصات لبعض القصص‬،‫لها‬
ً
some of which gave away the ending on purpose. The ‫ ووجدت‬.‫والت كشفت عن نهاياتها عمدا‬ ‫ي‬
ُ
study found that the stories that had been ‘spoiled’ ‫الت تم "حرقها" اعت ريت‬
‫ي‬ ‫القصص‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬ ‫الد‬
were considered to be less thought-provoking. .‫أقل إثارة للتفكن‬

114
1. How was the follow-up research conducted two years later?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What did the study reveal about the effect of spoilers halfway through a story?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How does familiarity with a work of art influence appreciation, according to the text?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What did the more recent study involving 412 university students find?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. How did spoilers affect the way participants perceived the stories in the second study?
___________________________________________________________________________

Interestingly, the research carried out showed that ‫من المثن لالهتمام أن البحث الذي تم إجراؤه‬
the kind of people who are keen to avoid spoilers by ‫أظهر أن نوع األشخاص الذين يحرصون عىل‬
accident tend to have a particular personality type. ‫تجنب الحرق عن غن قصد يميلون إىل أن‬
They are very emotionally involved with what they ‫ فهم‬.‫معي‬‫ز‬ ‫يكون لديهم نوع شخصية‬
ً ً
are reading. People who are less emotionally .‫عاطفيا جدا فيما يقرؤونه‬ ‫مرتبطون‬
connected with the characters are happy to know ً‫مرتبطي عاطفيا‬
‫ز‬ ‫األشخاص الذين ليسوا‬
about what is going to happen because it requires less ‫بالشخصيات يكونون سعداء بمعرفة ما‬
ً
effort on their part. .‫سيحدث ألن ذلك يتطلب منهم جهدا أقل‬

‫ز‬ ً
Finally, we should take into account how much the ‫ يجب أن نأخذ يف الحسبان مدى تأثي‬،‫أخيا‬
‫ز‬
Internet has changed our viewing habits. Gone are the ‫ لم‬.‫اإلنينت يف تغيي عادات المشاهدة لدينا‬
days when everyone would watch the same thing at ‫الت كان فيها الجميع يشاهدون نفس‬
‫تعد األيام ي‬
‫الشء ز يف نفس الوقت ثم يتحدثون عنه يف‬
‫ز‬
the same time and then talk about it the next day. ‫ي‬
‫ز‬ .
Now, everyone is watching at different times across ‫ الجميع يشاهد يف أوقات‬،‫التاىل اآلن‬
‫ي‬ ‫اليوم‬
the world, and a lot of the discussion is happening in ‫ والكثي من النقاش يحدث‬،‫عي العالم‬ ‫مختلفة ر‬
‫ز‬
online communities. Maybe discussing spoilers is all ‫ ربما يكون من‬.‫عي اإلنينت‬‫يف المجتمعات ر‬
part of the fun? ‫الممتع مناقشة الحرق كجزء من المتعة؟‬

1. What kind of personality do people who avoid spoilers tend to have?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are people who are less emotionally connected with the characters okay with spoilers?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How has the Internet changed people's viewing habits, according to the text?

115
 ___________________________________________________________________________
4. What does the text suggest about the way people watch content today?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. How might discussing spoilers be considered part of the fun?
___________________________________________________________________________

‫سؤال الكتاب‬
1. Why does the author suggest we may enjoy fiction?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What did the first research study show?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What extra point were they trying to make with the second study?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What did the students conclude about stories which had been spoiled?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What does the article suggest about the personality of people who avoid spoilers?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What does the writer say about changing viewing habits?
___________________________________________________________________________

116
 Past Modals of Speculation – ‫أفعال االحتمال‬

‫ للتعبير عن الندم على شيء حدث أو شيء لم يحدث أو لتمني شيء في المستقبل‬wish/if only ‫نستخدم‬

‫الشكل‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة من الكتاب‬

could/might past possibility
➢ They could/might have been to London.
have V3 ‫ي‬
‫ز‬
‫الماض‬ ‫سء محتمل أنه حدث ز يف‬
‫ي‬
may/might not past possibility (negative) ➢ You’d better take your laptop because
have V3 ‫ي‬
‫ز‬
‫الماض‬ ‫سء محتمل أنه لم يحدث ز يف‬ ‫ي‬ Ali may/might not have taken his
negative deduction about ➢ He can’t have left, his car’s here.
can’t/couldn’t
the past ➢ She couldn’t have revised because she
have V3 ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬
‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫سء لم يحدث يف‬
‫استنتاج أن ي‬ failed her exams.
we are positive about the
➢ It must have been in January 1953
must have V3 past
‫ز‬ ‫ز‬ when grandpa went to Paris.
‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫سء حدث يف‬‫متأكدين أن ي‬
we are making an ➢ He would have been well-off at that
assumption or drawing a time. (assumption)
would have V3 logical conclusion ➢ Heba would have graduated from
‫سء حسب‬‫سء أو استنتاج ي‬
‫افياض ي‬ school so she got a well-paid job.
‫ز‬
‫الماض‬ ‫ز‬
‫المنطق يف‬
‫ي‬ (logical conclusion)

‫امأل الفراغ بأحد األفعال الناقصة من الجدول السابق‬

1. He ____________ have taken the wrong bus because he didn’t arrive on time.
2. She ____________ have gone to the party last night; I saw her at the library.
3. She ____________ passed the test if she studied harder.
4. He ____________ have been at the cinema when we were looking for him.
5. We ____________ forgotten to lock the door; it’s open now.
6. Ali ____________ have taken your book; I saw him with his own.
7. They ____________ have known about the meeting, as they weren’t there.
8. He ____________ been here on time if he hadn’t missed the bus.

‫أعد كتابة الجملة بأحد األفعال الناقصة من الجدول السابق‬

1. It’s possible that they went on vacation last summer.
They _______________ gone on vacation last summer.
2. We can deduce that she didn’t finish her work on time.

117
 She _______________ finished her work on time.
3. It’s possible that you didn’t receive my message.
You _______________ received my message.
4. I’m sure that he did his homework yesterday.
He _______________ done his homework yesterday.
5. I assume he went to the office early.
He _______________ gone to the office early.
6. I think she didn’t meet him yesterday.
She _______________ met him yesterday.
7. It’s obvious that she studied hard for the exam.
She _______________ studied hard for the exam.
8. Maybe he didn’t see my email.
He _______________ seen my email.

‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة‬

1. This jewellery might / must have been expensive; it’s solid gold!
2. This picture might / can’t have been painted by the same artist; the style is completely
different.
3. He might / must have been lying; he’s untrustworthy.
4. He can’t / mustn’t have carried out the robbery; I was with him all evening.

‫ز‬
‫وسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي ق‬
• An amazing new discovery at Petra in Jordan __________________ (might/never/discover)
if archaeologists hadn’t used a satellite to study the ancient city. When archaeologists
studied the photos from the satellite, they found a large stone platform. The archaeologists
also found pots on the platform that __________________ (would/made) in around 150
BCE, at about the same time as the city of Petra grew up. The platform was high up and
__________________ (can’t/be) easy for people to reach, although it was only a kilometre
from the centre of Petra. Archaeologists don’t know what the platform was used for, but
think it __________________ (must/be) important because it was so big. They think it
__________________ (might/be) used as a kind of stage.

‫ز‬
‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫اخي اإلجابة الصحيحة لتصبح الجملة ز يف الزمن‬
1. This ivory comb might have been made / might be made for royalty.
2. These enormous footprints can't have belonged / can't belong to a human.

118
3. Solid circular earrings like this must be / must have been extremely unusual.
4. These bronze coins may have been used / may be used to pay soldiers.
5. He must have been wearing / must be wearing this golden mask during burial.
6. These pointed wooden swords might be used / might have been used for practice.

‫الت تحتها خط بالفعل المناسب من الخيارات‬

‫استبدل العبارة ي‬
1. It’s possible that the map was drawn by Egyptian sailors.
a. The map must have been
b. The map can have been
c. The map might have been
2. I’m pretty sure that it was not very accurate.
a. It must not have been
b. It can’t have been
c. It may not have been
3. I assume the owner used it to navigate across the oceans.
a. The owner would have
b. The owner might have
c. The owner can have
4. Its maker was quite possibly an explorer.
a. must have been
b. may well have been
c. would have been
5. It’s possible that it wasn’t the original but a copy.
a. It couldn’t have been
b. It can’t have been
c. It might not have been
6. My assumption is that other navigation tools were used together with the map.
a. would have been used
b. may have been used
c. might have been used
7. Obviously, in those days, navigators were unable to use GPS because it hadn’t been
invented.
a. couldn’t have used
b. may well not have used
c. might not have used

119
 [must/might/can’t/would + have been] ‫أعد كتابة الجملة باستخدام‬
1. It’s possible it was a king’s helmet.
It _________________ might have been a king’s helmet.
2. I’m sure that it wasn’t an ordinary soldier’s helmet.
It _________________ an ordinary soldier’s helmet.
3. The helmet was most likely the most important part of his equipment.
The helmet _________________ the most important part of his equipment.
4. I think we can assume that it was very expensive.
It _________________ very expensive.
5. I’m sure that it wasn’t from this country.
It _________________ from this country.
6. I’m sure it was even more beautiful when it was new.
It _________________ even more beautiful when it was new.

‫أعد كتابة الجملة باستخدام الفعل المتاح لك‬

1. I’m sure it was made of bone. MUST
It ___________________________ bone.
2. I’m sure they weren’t perfectly geometric. CAN’T
They ___________________________ geometric.
3. I’m assuming that this part was the lid. WOULD
This ___________________________ the lid.
4. It’s quite likely that this was spherical when it was first made. MAY
This ___________________________ when it was first made.
5. It’s possible that this curved part was shaped by human hands. MIGHT
This curved part ___________________________ by human hands.
6. I assume that these beige sections were originally brightly-coloured. WOULD
Originally, these beige ___________________________ brightly-coloured.

‫ز‬
‫وسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي ق‬
1. Nobody knows exactly what this hollow tube might have been used for
______________________ (use for).
2. The owner ______________________ (shock) when she found out how much the vase was
worth.
3. We ______________________ (never/find) the ancient city without the help of the drone.

120
4. In all likelihood, this pocket-size diary ______________________ (belong to) a young
woman from a wealthy family.
5. The man in this photograph ______________________ (try) to light a fi re as you can see
him blowing on the dry grass.
6. These footprints ______________________ (leave) by any kind of creature we know as they
are simply too big.

Reduced Adverbial Clauses – ‫الجمل الظرفية المختصرة‬

.‫ لكن بدون فقدان المعنى األساسي‬،‫هي جمل ظرفية تم اختصارها لتصبح أقصر وأسهل‬
used in formal writing ‫هذا النوع من الجمل رسمي جدً ا‬

‫النوع‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫أمثلة من الكتاب‬

when both actions happen at ➢ As she walked into the press conference,
Present
the same time she was addressed by a journalist.
Participle
‫عندما تكون الجملة الظرفية والفعل‬ ➢ Walking into the press conference, she
(V-ing)
‫الرئيش يحدثان بنفس التوقيت‬
‫ي‬ was addressed by a journalist.
when one action happens ➢ After I had finished my work, I decided to
Perfect
before another have a bath.
Participle
‫عندما تكون الجملة الظرفية حدثت‬ ➢ Having finished my work, I decided to have
(having V3) ‫ئيش‬
‫قبل الفعل الر ي‬ a bath.

‫أعد كتابة الجملة‬

1. After she had completed the report, she went to the meeting.
________________________________________________________________________.
2. While they were discussing the project, the manager made some notes.
________________________________________________________________________.
3. As I had already finished my homework, I decided to go for a walk.
________________________________________________________________________.
4. As she was walking to the store, she met an old friend.
________________________________________________________________________.
5. They had solved the problem, and then they celebrated their success.
________________________________________________________________________.

121
 ‫ز‬
‫وسي‬ ‫صحح الفعل ز‬
‫بي ق‬
1. _______________ (finish) his homework, John decided to watch a movie.
2. The students left the classroom, _______________ (complete) their assignments.
3. _______________ (talk) to the manager, we found out about the new policy.
4. _______________ (arrive) at the station, she realized she had forgotten her ticket.
5. _______________ (work) on the project for hours, they finally took a break.
6. _______________ (see) the result of the test, I was very happy.

‫حدد الفاعل ز يف الجملة‬

1. Having had guitar lessons for years, Ali amazed the class with his playing.
2. Standing in front of the painting, Hala and Faten instantly recognised it as a masterpiece.
3. Fadi added more blue paint to the mix, creating a darker shade of green.
4. Clearly impressed by the sculpture, the child stood with his mother and stared.

‫وصل الجمل‬
1. Having done stand-up comedy for years,
2. Feeling nervous about giving his presentation,
3. The actor began to improvise,
4. Knowing how excited Alia was,
5. Hala joined the writing class,
6. Having read the poem many times before,
7. Not knowing how to speak German,
8. Having never met before,

a) her father decided not to cancel the trip.

b) Hani knew the words by heart.
c) Fawzi knew hundreds of funny jokes.
d) never having written a story or poem in her life.
e) the musicians needed time to get to know each other.
f) Habib took deep calming breaths.
g) Ali couldn’t help with the translation.
h) having forgotten his lines.

122
 ‫أعد كتابة الجملة‬
1. Because he has won several awards, the actor’s work is well-known.
Having _______________________________________________________________.
2. As they are best friends, Asma and Dalia enjoy working together.
Being _______________________________________________________________.
3. The actor didn’t expect the play to be so successful, and didn’t realise it would run for seven
seasons.
Not expecting ______________________________________________________________.

4. After I had found a nice birthday present, I bought some wrapping paper.
______________________________________________________________.
5. She looked at the diamond carefully and said, ‘I think it’s a fake.’
______________________________________________________________.
6. As she walked into town, she met several old friends.
______________________________________________________________.
7. As she had studied Mathematics, she was used to making complicated calculations.
______________________________________________________________.
8. I knew the background to the situation, so I understood how she felt.
______________________________________________________________.
9. He had watched the film several times, so he remembered every scene.
______________________________________________________________.
10. Because she thought her driving lesson started at 4 p.m. instead of 5 p.m., she had to wait
an hour at the driving school.
______________________________________________________________.
11. I had met her before, so I didn’t bother introducing myself properly.
______________________________________________________________.
12. Because he felt it would be a bad idea to be tired, he went to bed early the night before his
exam.
______________________________________________________________.
13. The little girl won the race easily, which left her parents open-mouthed.
______________________________________________________________.
14. After I had been to the gym, I showered and had some lunch.
______________________________________________________________.
15. Cameron starred in the film although found it difficult how to read.
______________________________________________________________.
16. Cameron has been in more than one film and appeared in a British TV programme.
______________________________________________________________.
17. Cameron won an award and got the best actor prize.
______________________________________________________________.

123
18. Cameron wanted to do better in life, so he learnt to act.
______________________________________________________________.

participle clause ‫ادمج الجمل باستخدام‬

1. I didn’t realise what time it was. I missed the train.
_______________________________________________________________.
2. I lost my key. I couldn’t get in the house.
_______________________________________________________________.
3. I had been standing for hours. I felt very tired.
_______________________________________________________________.
4. I knew what had happened. I wasn’t surprised.
_______________________________________________________________.

‫ز‬
)‫قاعدتي‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجملة باستخدام الفعل المتاح لك (مختلط‬
1. After I had seen the film, I decided to buy the book. HAVING
_________________________________ I decided to buy the book.
2. I think some medieval traders were very rich. WOULD
I think some medieval traders _________________________________.
3. I don’t think you were listening very closely. CAN’T
You _________________________________ very closely.
4. She didn’t know the city well so she got lost. KNOWING
_________________________________ well, she got lost.
5. I think this artefact was probably used by farmers. MUST
I think this artefact _________________________________ by farmers.

‫ال تنسى )مراجعة‬

+ ‫الوحدة العاشرة‬
‫االمتحان) على المنصة‬

124
 ‫طلبيت األعزاء‪،‬‬

‫بعد هذا املشوار الذي قطعناه معًا يف دراسة اللغة اإلجنليزية‪ ،‬أود أن أقول لكم إن رحلتنا مل تكن جمرد دروس وقواعد‪ ،‬بل‬

‫كانت رسالة وحلمًا‪ ،‬وغاييت أن أرى كل واحد منكم حيقق النجاح والتفوق يف حياته‪.‬‬

‫اجتهدت قدر استطاعيت يف تبسيط املعلومة وتقدميها لكم بأفضل طريقة ممكنة‪ ،‬فإن أحسنت فذلك بفضل اهلل‪ ،‬وإن قصّرت‬

‫فاعذروني‪ ،‬فما كان ذلك إال بغري قصد‪.‬‬

‫أثق بقدراتكم وأعلم أنكم قادرون على حتقيق أحالمكم‪ ،‬فأنتم جيل الطموح والتحدي‪ ،‬وأملي أن تكونوا يف املستقبل منارات‬

‫علم ومناذج جناح تُفتخر هبا‪ .‬ال تنسوا أن االجتهاد هو مفتاح كل باب‪ ،‬وأن الثقة بالنفس والعزمية الصادقة تصنع املستحيل‪.‬‬

‫أدعُ اهلل أن يوفقكم يف مسريتكم‪ ،‬وأن يرزقكم السعادة والنجاح يف كل خطوة ختطوهنا‪ .‬وال تنسوني من دعواتكم الصادقة‪،‬‬

‫فأنتم بصمة مجيلة يف حياتي‪ ،‬وسأظل أفتخر بكم أينما كنتم‪.‬‬

‫مع خالص التقدير واحملبة‪،‬‬

‫[إياد أصالن]‬

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