Soal Pemantapan TKA Bahasa Inggris

Reading Comprehension:
Menentukan Main Idea, Specific Information, Inference, dan Vocabulary
Entropy Private

The question is based on the following passage.

For Question 1-5

Inflation and deflation are two important economic concepts that describe changes in the value of money over time.
Inflation occurs when the general level of prices for goods and services rises. This means that over time, money loses some of
its purchasing power, you need more money to buy the same things. Inflation is often caused by strong consumer demand,
rising production costs, or increases in the supply of money.

On the other hand, deflation is the opposite: it happens when the general level of prices falls. While lower prices might
sound like a good thing, deflation can be harmful to the economy. It often signals weak demand for goods and services, which
can lead to reduced business profits, job losses, and slower economic activity.

Both inflation and deflation significantly impact consumers, businesses, and governments by influencing financial
behavior and economic stability. When inflation rises, consumers face higher prices, reducing their ability to afford goods and
services. This can especially strain low- and middle-income households. In contrast, deflation may lead people to delay
purchases, expecting prices to fall further, which can slow economic activity. For businesses, inflation increases the cost of
materials, wages, and transportation.

If they raise prices to cope, they risk losing customers. During deflation, companies may be forced to lower prices, which
can reduce profits and lead to job cuts or investment delays. Governments also face challenges. Inflation can increase tax
revenues but also raises the cost of public programs and may trigger social unrest if wages lag behind prices. Deflation,
however, increases the real value of existing government debt, raising the burden of repayment. This heightened debt
obligation can constrain fiscal capacity, limiting the government’s ability to allocate funds for public services or economic
investment. Because of these broad effects, central banks and policymakers closely monitor inflation and deflation to keep
economies stable.

Source: [Link]

No. Soal Pembahasan

1. Pada kalimat 1 paragraf 1 diperkenalkan konsep inflasi
The text mainly talks about …. dan deflasi. Di kalimat 2-4 dijelaskan lebih lanjut definisi
dari inflasi dan penyebabnya. Selanjutnya di kalimat 5
(ditandai on the other hand)-akhir paragraf 1 dijelaskan
A. How inflation and deflation influence
definisi deflasi dan penyebabnya. Dari sini cukup jelas
government tax policies bahwa teks membahas definisi dan penyebab dari inflasi
B. The role of central banks in controlling dan deflasi.
inflation and deflation
C. The concepts of inflation and deflation and Pada kalimat 1 paragraf 2 disebutkan bahwa inflasi dan
their effects deflasi memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap konsumen,
[Link] effects of inflation and deflation pengusaha dan pemerintah. Di kalimat 2-akhir dijelaskan
consumers lebih lanjut dampak inflasi dan deflasi yang dimaksud.
E. The historical causes of inflation and Pilihan yang mencakup gagasan utama kedua paragraf
adalah C.
deflation
 2. According to the text, what is one possible
effect of deflation on businesses? The answer is E
A. Increased profits The text states that during deflation, companies may
B. Higher production costs be forced to lower prices, which can reduce profits
C. Rising tax revenues and lead to job cuts or investment delays.
D. More consumer spending
E. Job cuts or investment delays

3. What can be inferred about the relationship

between inflation and low-income Answer: C
households? Explanation:
A. Inflation makes it easier for low-income The passage mentions that higher prices from
households to buy goods. inflation reduce the ability of consumers, especially
B. Low-income households are not affected low- and middle-income households, to afford
by inflation. goods and services. Thus, inflation creates more
C. Inflation can especially strain low- and financial pressure on these groups.
middle-income households.
D. Inflation increases the value of money for
low-income households.
E. Low-income households benefit from
rising prices.
4. What does the word "burden" in the
sentence "Deflation, however, increases the Answer: C
real value of existing government debt, Explanation:
raising the burden of repayment" most In this context, "burden" refers to something heavy
or difficult to bear—in this case, the increased
nearly mean?
difficulty for the government to repay its debt.
A. Benefit
B. Solution
C. Weight or difficulty
D. Opportunity
E. Celebration

5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? Answer: C

A. Consumers always benefit from inflation Explanation:

and deflation. The last paragraph explains how inflation and
B. Central banks and policymakers ignore deflation create specific challenges for
inflation and deflation. governments, such as increased costs or debt
C. Inflation and deflation create challenges burdens, and emphasizes the importance of
for governments and require careful central banks and policymakers monitoring these
monitoring to maintain economic stability. issues to keep the economy stable. Option C best
D. Governments can easily pay off debt summarizes this main idea.
during deflation.
E. Inflation only affects the price of goods,
not public programs.

For Question 6-10

Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks.
Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses
of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults,
narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the
fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century.
Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing
questions as why and how earthquakes occur. About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of
instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial
damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over
the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.

6. The paragraph following the passage most Jawaban: B

likely discusses …. Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan topik yang kemungkinan besar dibahas
pada paragraf selanjutnya setelah teks tersebut.
[Link] to emerge the seismology to
detect the earthquake Bagian penutup paragraf terakhir di teks bacaan adalah
[Link] of the substantial damage that kalimat over the centuries they have been responsible for
millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to
caused by the earthquake property. Kalimat penutup ini berbicara mengenai akibat
[Link] development of seismology to identify gempa, yaitu hilangnya nyawa manusia dan kerusakan-
the earthquake earlier kerusakan properti. Dari lima pilihan topik yang tersedia,
D. factors that cause the earthquake and topik yang paling padu dengan kalimat ini adalah examples
seismic wave of the substantial damage that caused by the earthquake.
Paragraf dengan topik tersebut akan menjadi paragraf yang
[Link] reason why we need the seismology padu dengan paragraf terakhir dalam teks bacaan.
7. What is the author’s attitude towards the topic of Jawaban: C
the passage?
Pembahasan:
A. Concerned Dalam kedua paragraf tersebut, penulis secara
konsisten memakai kalimat-kalimat yang bersifat
B. Critical
faktual. Selain itu, tidak ada kalimat, frasa, atau kata
C. Informative yang memperlihatkan reaksi pribadi penulis terhadap
[Link] topik yang dibicarakannya. Dari lima pilihan kata sifat
E. Optimistic yang tersedia, kata informative adalah kata yang
paling tepat menggambarkan sikap penulis.
8. What will happen when seismic waves pass Jawaban: B
through Earth’s rocks?
Pembahasan:

[Link] will answer why and how earthquakes Soal tersebut menanyakan hal yang akan terjadi ketika
occur. gelombang seismik melewati batuan bumi.
[Link] may cause an earthquake.
Informasi tentang gelombang seismik dapat ditemukan dalam
C. It will store some form of energy in Earth’s paragraf pertama. Dikatakan bahwa gempa bumi ‘adalah setiap
crust. guncangan tiba-tiba dari tanah yang disebabkan oleh lewatnya
[Link] masses of rock will slip. gelombang seismik melalui batuan bumi.’ Berdasarkan
E. It may produce seismic waves. pendefinisian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika lempengan
bumi menerima gelombang seismik, gempa bumi akan terjadi.
9. What can be inferred about the frequency and impact Answer: C
of earthquakes worldwide?
Explanation:
A. Most earthquakes cause significant destruction The text states that about 50,000 noticeable earthquakes
every year. occur annually, but only about 100 are large enough to
B. Only earthquakes near populated areas are cause substantial damage, and very great earthquakes
considered dangerous. happen about once per year. This suggests that while
C. Although many earthquakes occur each year, earthquakes are frequent, only a few result in major
destruction.
only a small number cause major damage.
D. All earthquakes are too small to be felt without
instruments.
E. Earthquakes only happen once a year.

10. What does the word "fringes" in the sentence "The Answer: B
major fault lines of the world are located at the
Explanation:
fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up In this context, "fringes" refers to the outer edges or
Earth’s crust" most nearly mean? borders of the tectonic plates, not the centers or other
options. The major fault lines are found at these edges
A. Centers where the plates meet or interact.
B. Edges
C. Surfaces
D. Depths
E. Peaks