Saleemians Khopcha Concept

A beautiful journey from basics to JEE Advanced via Mains/NEET

 4 Newton's Laws of Motion & Friction

Force —→ Push or Pull

ns[k HkkbZ bl chapter esa mains or
Types of Force
advance weightage <aw<us dh xyrh er
djuk Mains es gj lky blls question Gm1 m2
iwNs tkrs gS but advance es cgqr gh de 1. Gravitational force mg,
r2
question iwNs x, gS but iwjh mechanics 2. Electromagnetic force
dk ;s fundamental chapter gS tks iwjh
Tension force, Normal force,
physics es use gksxk] so bl chapter Friction, Electrostatic force,
dks gyosQ es uk ysA magnetic force etc.

3. Strong nuclear force ;g ge 12th

4. Weak nuclear force class es i<saxsA
INERTIA
st
Newton 1 Law (Law of inertia)
0 It is the tendency to resist the change. 0 A body continue to be in state of rest or in state
0 It is the property due to which a body wants to be of uniform velocity (st. line) until or unless net
in state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight external force acts on it.
line.
Newton Second Law If m Const
0 Mass is the measurement of inertia.
dp P = mv Fnet = ma
Momentum Fnet =
ext dt ext

It is the net motion contain in the system.

d(mv) dv dm
Fnet = = m +v
v ext dt dt dtv
P = mv m
If mass of system is constant then
ns[k HkkbZ ckn es ge ;g ns[ksaxs kissi body ;k system dk mdv
Fnet = = ma
momentum fudkyus dk rjhdk gksrk gSA ext dt

Pbody = Mbody vcom of body vcs bldk eryc gS gj txg F = ma er

Com eas
yxk nsuk tSls rocket propultion es mass
Psystem = Msyst. vcom of syst.
variable gksrk gS rks og¡k F = ma ugh yxk
ldrsA

Newton Third law

0 For every action there is equal and opposite
reaction at the same time, simultaneously of the
same nature.
0 Action and reaction simultaneously yxrs gS blfy,
vxj dksbZ body kissi osQ lkFk m
we can't say dh dkSu action gS vkSj dkSu reaction.
0 Two different body event. Nqvu&NqvkbZ dj jgh gS eryc fdlh N
surface osQ lkFk contact/touch dj
SKC jgh gS rks ml body ij body dh rjiQ
normal force yxsxk vc ;s er dguk
mg D;ksa ugh yxk;k Bcz vHkh ge only
According to this law vxj A us B ij normal force dh ckr dj jgs gSA
force yxk,xk F = rks B Hkh A ij okil
force yxk,xk F, of same nature at
same time m
(a) ;g¡k earth us block ij N
(bl ykbZu dks ;kn djyks cgqr dke vk,xh) N (normal force) yxk;k

Block, earth osQ contact es gS rks earth Hkh rks block

m
osQ contact es gS Hence, earth block dks touch dj
N jgh gS rks earth ij Hkh normal yxsxk tks block yxk,xkA
N = mg
mg
Earth us block
;g¡k normal vkSj mg action reaction pair ugh gSA m ij yxk;k
m
N (Action reaction
pyks igys mg, normal, tension pair)
force i<+ ysrs gSA
N Block us earth
ij yxk;k
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

;s Block ij yxk incline plane us

m
(b) N yxk;kA

mg (;s earth us mass ij yxk;k)

(c)
oSls rks mg dh direction towards the centre of earth gSA
ftls ge gravitation esa detail es i<+saxs N N

mg
Block pkgs earth ij Draw the FBD of Block

SKC
mg gks ;k gok es gks mg
force rks yxsxk ghA
mg

è;ku ls lqu yks FBD (Free Body Diagram)

NORMAL FORCE cukus dk eryc gS ftl body dh ge FBD
cuk jgs gS ml ij yxus okys lkjs external
0 It act towards the body perpendicular to the force fn[kkus gS eryc oks body nwljs yksxks
surface. ij fdruk force yxk jgh gS ges blls dksbZ
0 Pushing nature. eryc ughA

74 Physics P
W
 Q. Draw FBD of all the block in following cases.

(a) TENSION FORCE

A/R N1
0 It act away from the body towards string.
m1 m1
m2 0 It is a pulling force.
N1
m2 N2 Q. Draw FBD of mass in following case.
m1g
m2g (a)
massless T
string T
;g¡k nksuks block equillibrium es gS rks gj block ij
we can say m m
net mQij okyk force = net uhps okyk force
mg
N1 = m 1g N2 = N1 + m2g ⇒ N2 = m1g + m2g
Here if string is massless then tension at every
point is massless
(b)
(b)
M2us M1ij T1 T2
m
m
F N′
M1 mg
Q. Find tension in each string if all string are mass
F M1 M2 N1
less.
M1g T1

Since, both block 5kg T1 = T2 + 50 ....(i)

M1 us M2
are in equillibrium so
ij Both block are in
mQij okys force = uhps 5kg
50 T2
N′ Nwall equillibrium so mQij okys
m2
okys force and nk,¡
T2 force = uhps okys force
okys force = ck,¡ okys
force 10kg
10kg T2 = 100 .....(ii)
F = N′ N1 = m1g
100 Solve (i) and (ii)
N ′ = Nwall N2 = m2g
N2 T1 = 150
F = N ′ = Nwall
M2g
vcs ;s detail es rks eq>s etcwjh es fy[kuk iM+ jgk gS HkkbZ rw
Q. A cylinder of weight W is resting on a V-groove rks bls direct dj] mQij okyh jLlh dks idM+ ns[k uhps fdruk
mass yVdk gS (15 kg so, T1 = 150) similarly uhps okyh
as shown in figure. Draw its free body diagram.
jLlh dks idM+ dj tension fudkyksA

T1 = 150 T1 = 500
5kg 5kg

Sol. T2 = 100 T2 = 450

C
15kg
N1 N2 10kg
T3 = 300
30kg
mg

75
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Q. 10 kg block is suspended through a string of Q. Body is in equilibrium find θ = ?
mass 20 kg as shown in figure. Find TA, TB, TC.
HkkbZ gluk er ;s
Sol. ftl txg tension iwNh gS ns[kks mlosQ uhps total fdruk ques. fiNys 5
mass gSA θ 6kg lky esa 4 ckj
A
F = 80N mains us iwNk gSA
20kg Tc = 100 N
TB Sol.
B
mid TB = (10 + 10)g = 200 N
Tsinθ = 80
C TA = 300 N Tcosθ = 60
10kg Tcos
θ 80 4
Q. tanθ = =
T θ 60 3
F F = 80
TA = 150 Tsin θ = 53
E massless
D TB = 200 Tsin53° = 80
10kg TC = 250 mg = 60 T = 100
C TD = 350
B 10kg (mall okyh jLlh) TE = 350 or after solving we got T = F2 (mg)2
A
15kg TF = 350
M–2 Lami theorem

Mall okyh jLlh vcs eryc mass okyh jLlh If F1 + F2 + F3 = 0, in following case.
Q. A block of mass m is attached with two strings F1 F2
as shown in figure. Draw the free body diagram
of the block.
θ3

θ1 F1 F2 F3
θ2 = =
q sinθ1 sinθ2 sinθ3

Sol. T1
F3
q
T2 Let's solve last ques from lami theorem

mg T
θ
80
EQUILIBRIUM okys loky 180–θ 80 T 60
= =
sin(180 – θ) sin 90 sin(90 + θ)
60
SKC 80 60
=
sinθ cosθ
80
vxj body equil es gS rks lcls igys mloQh FBD cukvks tanθ = ⇒ θ = 53
60
lkjs forces dks X-Y axis es rksM+yks vkSj fiQj Fnet = 0
djnks eryc mQij okys force = uhps okys force, left okys HkkbZ eq>s rks ;s lami theorem ?kfV;k method yxrk gS
force = right okys force bcz uk rks blls feel vkrh gS vkSj time mruk gh yxsxk
If body is in equil esus ;g¡k crk fn;k gS dgha rw ckn es cksys crk;k ughA
⇒ Fnet = 0 (Translational equil.) So, i will suggest dh component ysosQ] force
equate djosQ solve djksA
Σ Fx = 0, Σ Fy = 0, Σ Fy = 0

76 Physics P
W
 Q. Sphere is in equil find force applied by inclined Q. Reading of weighing machine in following.
plane in following figure.
Equilibrium 250
10kg F = 250 N
weighing machine 15 kg
15 kg
N

Reading of weighing machine will be 150

60° 30°
N = 250 + 150 = 400N
Sol.
N2 N1 1 25 kg 2 20 kg 3 40 kg 4 50 kg

10kg Q. Two particles of masses 10 kg and 35 kg are

connected with four strings at points B and D
60° 30° as shown in figure. Find T1, T2, T3
N1 mg
N2
C
30° 60° 30°
60° 30°
T3
mg = 100
A B
E
N1cos 30 = N2cos60 T4
37° 45°
N2 sin 60 + N1 sin30 = mg = 100 T2
100 N T1
Now you can solve and get N1 and N2 vkSj eu djs
rks lami theorem ls answer verify dj ysukA
D
ns[k HkkbZ ques. es string es tension iwNus dk ,d rjhdk gksrk 350 N
gS reading of spring balance similarly normal iwNus dk Sol.
,d rjhdk gksrk gS reading of weighing machine C
y T3
1
30° T3
T4 T4
Spring Balance B x E
37°
T2 y
100 N T1
T2
10
37° 45°
Reading of spring balance T1
System = T = 100N D x

2
20kg N = 200 350 N

weighing machine Analysing the equilibrium of point D:

Fx = 0 or T1 sin 45° – T2 sin 37° = 0 … (i)

and Fy = 0 or T1 cos 45° + T2 cos 37° = 350
… (ii)
Solve both eqn. and get

Reading of weighing machine = N = 200 newton ⇒ T1 = 150 2 N and T2 = 250 N

77
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Similarly for equil of point B By solving equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
T3 cos 30° = 100 + T2 cos 37° sin a cos a sin b cos b
N = mg
T3 sin 30° + T2 sin 37° = T4 cos2 a cos2 b
Put value of T2 = 250,
& solve both eqn get Q. The masses of blocks A and B are same and
the ans. equal to m. Friction is absent everywhere. Find
the magnitude of normal force with which block
vcs D;ksa jks jgk gS eq>s irk calculation eqf'dy B presses on the wall and accelerations of the
blocks A and B.
gS ysfdu advance osQ point of view ls vknr
Mky ysA ;s ys nks loky vkSj ysA
B
37°
Q. A cylinder and a wedge of same masses with a A
vertical face, touching each other, move along
two smooth inclined planes forming the same
angle a and β respectively with the horizontal.
Sol.
Determine the force of normal N exerted aBsin37°
aBcos37°
by the wedge on the cylinder, neglecting the
friction between them.
aB
B NBW
mg NBW

N cos 37°
Fixed Fixed N
a β
N sin 37°
N sin 37°
Sol.
aAsin37°
a2 cos a a1 sin β Ncos37°
a1 N
a2 sin a N cos a a1 cos β aA mg
N cos β aAsin37° NAB
mg cos a N N
N sin a mg cos β
mg sin a NAB
N1 mg – N cos 37 = maB
N3
[Newton’s II law for block B in vertical
direction]
a β N sin 37 = maA
[Newton’s II law for block A in horizontal
It is obvious that acceleration of cylinder is direction]
parallel to the wedge I and acceleration of aB cos 37 = aA sin 37
triangular block is parallel to the wedge 2.
[constrained relation for contact surface
a2 cos a = a1 cos β … (i) between block A and B]
[constrained relation between the contact By solving above three equations we get
surface of block and cylinder]
12g 9g 4mg
N cos β – m1 g sin β = m1a1 … (ii) aA = aB = N=
25 25 5
[Newton’s II law for cylinder along the direction NBW = N sin 37
parallel to the wedge1]
[Equilibrium of block B in horizontal direction]
m2g sin a – N cos a = m2 a2 … (iii)
[Newton’s II law for block along the direction 12mg
⇒ NBW =
parallel to the wedge 2] 25

78 Physics P
W
 Ideal Pulley → massless, no friction
PULLEY SYSTEM / ATWOOD between string and pulley.
MACHINE
T3

Real Pulley

T1 = T
T2 = T

If pulley is ideal then T3 = T1 + T2 = 2T

2T
T' 2T

T = 50
T T T' = 2T = 100
T T T T
5kg 5kg 5kg 5kg

50 50
Q.

Find m 4T
if all mass are
in equilibrium
2T
m 2T = mg m 2T T = 100
mg 2T = mg
2 × 100 = m × 10
T T m = 20kg
10kg 10kg

100

Q.

All masses are in equil

find unknown mass
4T
m2 4T T = 100
m2
2T = m1g ⇒ m1 = 20kg
4T = m2g ⇒ m2 = 40kg
2T
m1 vius eu ls kissi ,d jLlh m1
es tension T ekuyks vkSj 2T
mlosQ according gj jLlh es
tension fudkyks FkksM+k lk ?kqVuk
yxk dj dksf'k'k djks dh ckdh T
10kg jLlh es tension T, 2T, 4T 10kg T
type vk,A blls calculation
easy jgsxhA 100

79
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
Q.

Find m1 and m2 if
all masses are in T T T
m2
m2 equilibrium
T2 = m2g T
m2 = 10kg 10kg
10kg
T = 100
m1
m1
2T = m1g
m1 = 20kg

Q.
4T

m 4T
m

θ
n
si
30°

g
2T

m
2T
2T 2T
T = 100
4T = mg sin 30°
1
400 = m × 10 × 2 T T
10kg
10kg m = 80

Q.

T T T
m =? m =?

mg
T = mg
2T T
Kissi Hkh jLlh es tension T ekuks vkSj fiQj
carefully solve djks final answer same 2T

30kg gh vk,xk eryc vxj rqEgkjh okyh us fdlh 30kg

nwljh jLlh es T ekuk gS rks mldk answer 3T = 300
Hkh lgh vk,xk
m = 10kg T = 100

80 Physics P
W
 Q.

T T

T T
2T
10kg 10kg
m2 m2
m1 T = 100 m1
m2 = 10kg m1 = 20kg

Q.

T T

15kg 15kg 2T T

m=? m=?
150
T = 150 m = 45
3T = mg

Q.

T T T T T
10kg 10kg

100
2T 2T 2T
m=? m=?
T = 100
6T = mg
6 × 100 = m × 10

m = 60kg

Q.

T = 100
4T
T + 2T + 4T = mg
7T = mg
2T
m = 70kg

4T T
2T
10kg T 10kg

m=? mg
81
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Q. Man is pulling the string by applying force F Sol. T cos θ T cos θ = mg
such that whole system is in air and equili. T sin θ =ma
a
Find T, Normal contact force between man and θ tan θ = g
platform T sin θ

a
Reading
mg

Very very simple but very very very important bls

lightly fcyoqQy er ysuk bcz ,d djksM+ ckj ;s use gksxk
60kg a a
20kg
F1 F2 F1 F2
m m

Weighing machine F1 – F2 = ma F2 – F1 = ma
Sol.
T
T Q. a
50N 20N
10kg
T + N = 600
T = N + 200 50 – 20
N a= =3
Solve 10
2T + N = N + 800
600 N Q. Find acc of block and normal force between
T = 400 them.
N = 200 a a
200 20N
2kg 5kg
* Reading of spring balance = 2T = 800 N
Sol.
* Reading of weighing machine = N = 200N 20N N N
2kg 5kg
Method-2: vxj eS pulley, man, cage dks system eku ywa rks a a
system is in equilibrium.
20 – N = 2a N = 5a
2T = 800
2T T = 400 Solve and get
20 , 100
Direct answer vkx;k a= N=
massless 7 7
Method-2:
T T 20 = 7a
60kg a a
20kg 20
20N a=
2kg 5kg 7

a
800 N 5 × 20 100
N = 5a = =
Q. A car is moving with constant acc a, as shown in 5kg 7 7
fig. if the string is making constant angle q. Find q.
If acc of each block is same

θ a Same
a
m
Fnet = Mtotal a
ext

82 Physics P
W
 Q. Find acc and normal between blocks. Sol. 2kg T 3kg 100
a a
a
20N 5N
2kg 3kg T = 2a 100 – T = 3a
Sol. a a
20 N N 5N Solve and get a = 20 and T = 40
2kg 3kg
a = 20
20 – N = 2a N – 5 = 3a T = 40

Solve and get a = 3, N = 14 a a

–2
Method-2: m
2kg 3kg 100N
Fnet = 20 – 5 = (2 + 3) a
100 – 0
ext 15 = 5a a= = 20
2+3
a=3
T T = 2a
a 2kg T = 40
20 N
2kg T1 T2 T2
2kg 3kg 2kg 70N
20 – N = 2 × 3 Q.

N = 14 Sol.
70 – 0
a= = 10

SKC
2+3+2
T1
2kg
T1 = 2 × a = 2 × 10 = 20
a
T1 T2 – T1 = 3a
HkkbZ tks cPps igyh ckj NLM i<+ jgs gS 3kg T2 T2 – 20 = 3 × 10
muosQ fy, ,d cgqr gh important ckr
a T2 = 50 N
crk jgk gq¡ tc Hkh dHkh normal, tension
;k spring force iwNs ;s ;kn j[kks dh FBD
cukdj eqn fy[kuh gS (VVI) 40N
Q. 2kg 3kg 100N

Q. Find acc and normal between blocks.

a a a Sol. 100 – 40
a= = 12
2+3
70N 2kg 3kg 5kg 30N 40
2kg T T – 40 = 2 × 12
70 – 30 T = 64
a= =4 a = 12
10
force applied by 3kg on 5kg a a
N 20N T1 T2
5kg 2kg 3kg 5kg 100N
30 Q.
a find T1 & T2
N – 30 = 5a
N = 30 + 20 = 50 Sol. a = 100 – 20 = 8 100 – T2 = 5 × 8
2+3+5
Q. Find acc of each block and tension in string. T2 = 60
a a T1 – 20 = 2 × 8

2kg 3kg 100N T1 = 36

83
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Q. A 5 kg block has a rope of mass 2 kg attached to
its underside and a 3 kg block is suspended from
the other end of the rope. The whole
system is accelerated upward at
2
an acceleration of 2 m/s by an F0
2 2kg
external force F0. (g = 10 m/s ) 5 kg
(a) What is the value of F0? 3kg
2 kg
(b) What is the net force on the Sol.
rope? 3 kg
(c) What is the tension at middle
point of the rope?
Sol. For calculating the value of F0, consider two T
a T
blocks with the rope as a system. T
2kg
F.B.D. of whole system a
F0 20 3kg a 3kg
(a) F0 – 100 = 10 × 2
30 – T = 3a
F0 = 120 N … (i) 10 kg 30

(b) According to Newton’s 2m/s2

second law, net force on T – 20 = 2a
rope 100 N Solve
30 – 20 = 5a
F = ma = (2) (2) = 4 N
30 – 20
(c) For calculating tension at the T a= =2
5
middle point we draw F.B.D. of 3 kg
block with half of the rope (mass 1 T = 24
kg) as shown. 4g
T – 4g = 4 × (2) ⇒ T = 48N SKC
Q. When two bodies of mass m1 and m2 are
attached at the ends of a string passing over a
pulley (neglecting the mass of pulley). vjs HkkbZ bles ,d pattern gS oks catch dj jgs gks uk
Sol.
f[kpus okyk force – jksdus okyk force
a=
Total mass
cksys rks
a Net driving force
T T a a=
T T Total mass
m2 Now solve following question.
m1

m2 g Q.
m1g
m1a = m1g – T (for m1) m2a = T – m2g (for m2)
60 – 40
a=
Solve and get (i) and (ii) 6+4
(m1 – m2 )g 2m1m2 T T a=2
a= ,T= g 4kg
(m1 m2 ) m1 m2 60 – T = 6a
a 40 6kg a
Q. Find acc of each mass if pulley is ideal, string is T = 48
massless and their is no friction between pulley
60
and rope.
84 Physics P
W
 Q. (c) Reading = 'T'

T1 T
30 – 20
400 – 100 a a= =2
10kg a= =6 2kg 5 a
10 + 20 + 20 3kg
30 – T = 3 × a
100 20kg
T1 – 100 = 10 × 6 T = 24
30
20kg (d) a

400 20kg

Q. Find acc of mass m.

10kg
20kg a
200 – 100
100 a=
5mg – mg 10 + 20 + 20
a= 200
m
(e)

T = 5mg T = 5mg 3kg

F = 5mg m 30 – 20
a a= =2
30 5
T = 24
mg
2kg

ns[k HkkbZ bl ckr dks è;ku es j[krs gq, dh ;s

20
11th class dh book gS vkSj many of you
are 10th pass so, cgqr patience osQ lkFk (f) F0 = 20
esSus bl profile osQ basic fundamental 4kg
ques djok fn, gS vc uhps okys ,d&,d
ques vkidks solve djuk gSA 60 – 20
a= =4
6+4
Q. Find acc and tension in following case a
6kg
(a) a
60 – 0
4kg a= =6
4+6
N = mg cos q
60 – T = 6a
q
6kg a g sin m
a =
q
-q

60 mgcosq
fix
90

(b) sinq
a 200 – 50 mg q
kg a= =5
10 30
30 30°
s in 20kg a 200 – T = 20 × 5 mg
mg

85
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 (g) (k)

HCV a1 = ? a2 = 15
20kg

kg
θ

10
n 6Kg 4Kg F = 100 N
si 200
g 30°
m
= Fsp a2 = 15
50 6Kg
4kg 200 – 50 – 40 Fsp
a = 4 + 10 + 20 a1 4Kg 100
Fsp = 6 × a1
100 – Fsp = 4 × 15
40
40 = 6 × a1
Fsp =40N
(h) a = 40 = 20
6 3
(m) Method-2:
80 – 60
a = 10 + 10 = 1 a1 a2 = 15
kg
10
kg

fix F = 100 N
10

6Kg 4Kg
mg

37° 53°
sin
7°

* Fnet = m1 a1 + m2 a2
= 6 sin3

θ=

ext
mg

80
0

100 = 6a1 + 4 × 15
40 oSQlk yxk ;s
(i) a1 = method
6
a a a
Q. Find time when 6kg block strike the ground.
T1 T2
5kg 8kg 2kg 4Kg

100 – 0
a= =4 a t=0
5 + 8 + 2 + 10 6Kg
a 60 – 0 Rest
T1 = 5 × 4 = 20 10kg a= =6
T2 = 13 ×4 = 52 4+6

or 100 1 2
10 = 0 + ×6×t
T2 – T1 = 8a 2
T1 8kg T2 10m
T2 – 20 = 8 × 4 t= 10
a 3
T2 = 52
Q. Find force applied by the monkey on string (i.e
tension in the string in following case)
(j) a T
m1
T
10kg a=4 f
m gsinq – 0 2
a= 2 a = 4m/s f
m1 + m2 a
m2

100
m2

mg
T – 100 = 10 × 4
gs
inθ

T = 140
86 Physics P
W
 Q. Find tension in upper part of string and in (c) find acceleration of 5 kg block when 10 kg
middle part of string in the following figure. block will leave the floor
T = 100
T1 T - 50 = 5a
a1 = 5 T
6kg 100 – 50 = 5a
T2 5kg a
a2 = 3 4kg a = 10

Sol. T2 T1 50
Q. Find the time when 5kg block lift off
a2 = 3 a1 = 5
F = 15t

40 T260
T2 – 40 = 4 × 3
T1 – T2 – 60 = 6 × 5
T2 = 52
T T T
Solve and get T2 = 52 and T1 = 142

SKC T T T

2T
F
15kg 5kg
10kg

min value of F so that it lift off Sol. T′ = 3T

mg = 100 F > 100 3T = 15t
but ges ans Fmin = 100 nsuk gSA 5kg dc mMsxk tc
T = 50
T T T 3 × 50 = 15t
Q. (a) When 5kg block leave the floor
t = 10sec
F = 20t Sol. F = 20t (b) when 15 kg block will lift off
2T = 20t
T = 10t 2T = 150 ⇒ T = 75
F = 15t = 3T = 3 × 75
t = 5 sec
T T
Q. What should be min ace of monkey so that block
10kg 5kg 10kg 5kg lift off the ground

5kg dc mMsxk tc T = 50
10 t = 50 ⇒ t = 5 seconds
(b) When 10kg block leave the floor a

T 5kg
T = 100
10 t = 100 ⇒ t = 10sec 10kg

87
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
Sol. T = 100 Q. Repeat the above problem (If F1 > F2).
T (M, L)
Sol. F2
T – 50 = 5a
F1
100 – 50 = 5a A x T=?
a
a = 10
F1 – F2
50 a= m
Q. Find normal contact force in following figure. T = f(x) T
F1
T – F2 = mx a
F1 − F2 F2
m
10kg T = F2 x .
a=2 L m x
x
T = F2 (F1 − F2 )
Sol. L
10kg a=2 N – 100 = 10 × 2
Q. Find tension at midpoint of the rod.
N N = 120 F = 20N
mid
100 60 B
2kg
Q. Find tension at the mid point of rod fix
3kg
rod or string
F cos 60 20 (0.5)
(10kg, 20m) Sol. a = = =2
F = 100N 2 3 5
A C
B 3 3
TB = a= 2=3
2 2
Sol. 100
a= = 10
10
T at point 'B' IDEAL SPRING
B
A F
0 Massless
5kg TB 0 Pitch same
a 0 N.L
TB = 5 × a = 5 × 10 = 50 ⇒ Natural length = released length
= original length
Q. In above question find T = f (x), where x is 0 Tension throughout the spring is same.
distance from end A. N. L.

Sol. (M, L)
A T F = 100N
x

F Fsp
T a=
M
Hook's Law
T = mx a L m elongation or compression
Fsp ∝ – x from natural length.
m . F m
T= x i
L m L Fsp = – k x
Spring constant
Fx m
x x Towards the
T= L
L
natural length
88 Physics P
W
 Spring Cutting
Q. A spring of length l and spring constant k is cut
Spring dks natural length
into two spring of length l1 and l2 find spring
* ls x [khpk ;k x nck;k rks oks
* |F | = k x constant of both spring after cutting.
sp
'kx' force yxk,xk
Sol. k1 k2
k
Q. Block is in equilibrium find spring force and l l1 l2
elongation in the spring in following cases. kl =const kl = k1l1 = k2l2
(a)

cl bruk ;kn j[kks vxj material same gS

Fsp
rks k × l dk product same gksxk
Equilibrium m m Fsp = mg = kx
k1 k2
0 k
mg
l l/2 l/2
elongation in spring = x
l l
(b) kl = k1 l1 = k2
2 2

Fsp = ? k1 = 2K
k 1 elongation = ? k2 = 2K

m 0 3 equal parts
3k 3k 3k
l
Fsp 2 = 2mg = kx2
k 2 Q. (a) Find tension and acc of each block.
Fsp 1 = 3mg = kx1
a = 2m/s2
x1 and x2 are elongation in
2m
upper and lower spring 1kg 2kg 3kg F = 18N
TA k = 100N/m

Q. cl spring force Sol. a1 = 2

k Fsp = 11mg = kx
fudky dj mls kx
TA = mAaA = 1 × 2 = 2N
osQ cjkcj dj nks rks
elongation in the (b) Find spring force & elongation in the spring
6m
spring (x) irk py T Fsp – T = ma
tk,xk 2kg Fsp
Fsp = 5mg
Fsp – 2 = 2 × 2
a=2
2m
Fsp = 6N

Fsp = 3mg
Fsp = kx ⇒ 6 = 100x ⇒ x = .06m
3m (c) Find acc of 3kg block

ac = 4

3kg 18N
Fsp = 6N

89
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 EQUIVALENT SPRING SKC
CONSTANT

ns[k HkkbZ eqn~ns dh ckr ;s gS dh

0 When two springs are connected in parallel then
we can replace them by single spring of spring 1. Ground osQ respect es vxj fdlh frame osQ ikl acc gS
constant ke where ke = k1 + k2. rks oks non-inertial frame gS] vxj ml frame es tkosQ
k1 ge directly NLM dh eqn fy[ks rks eqn xyr vkbZA
rks newton law dh bTtr cpkus osQ fy, geus ,d tcjnLrh
k2 cl bruk ;kn j[kuk dk force yxk;k tks dh lPph eqPph es ugh yx jgk gS
dh ;g¡k result (false force, pseudo force) rkdh ge NIF es fcankl
k3 resistance osQ NLM eqn fy[k losQA
series/parallel osQ 2. Pseudo force = (Mass of block) × (Acc of NIF)
mQYVs gS vkSj bldh direction NIF osQ acc dh direction osQ
k4 opposite
3. ;s le>yks fd ;s NSP (rkM+us) dk licsence/fdjk;k gS eryc
For more than two spring k = k1 + k2 + k3 + ........ tc Hkh dHkh accelerated lift, wedge, car, balloon ij
0 When two springs are connected in series then tkdj ets ysus gks rks lcls igys block ij pseudo force
we can replace them by single spring of spring yxk nks vkSj fiQj etk yks....... physics dk
constant ke 4. vxj vki ground ij [kM+s gksdj ques solve dj jgs gS
Where 1/ke = 1/k1 + 1/k2 . rks pseudo force dh t:jr ugh gS Bcz in this case
k1 k2 k3 k4 pseudo force = 0
5. Ques pkgs ground ij [kM+s gksdj solve djks ;k NIF/
acc wedge, car es cSB dj ans same vk,xk eryc lkjs
1 1 1
= ........... ques fcuk pseudo force osQ ground frame Hkh solve
k k1 k2
fd, tk ldrs gSA

INERTIAL FRAME / NON Q. In following question find q if block is at rest

INERTIAL FRAME with respect to car. Analyse the situation in
ground frame and also in car frame.

Inertial Frame
oks frome where NLM are valid. find 
0 Rest wrt ground or moving with const velocity. wrt m a

ground.

Non Inertial Frame (NIF) Sol.

Method-1: In ground frame
oks frame where NLM fails & directly not applicable.
Wrt
0 all the accelerated frame wrt ground are NIF ground
a
0 vxj a gS ⇒ Non – inertial. T cos
0 In order to validate NLM eqn in a non inertial  T
frame, we must apply a correction factor called m T sin
pseudo force.

* mg T cos = mg
Fpseudo = – Mblock aobserver = – Mblock aNIF T sin = ma

90 Physics P
W
 You → sir ges'kk ;s confusion osθ
c
jgrk gS dc pseudo force ma
yxkuk gS vkSj dc ugh ? ma N
(Pseudo) mgsinθ = macos θ

m
θ a = gtanθ
sin
vjs tc ground ij [kM+s gksdj mgcosθ ma θ mg
sin
question solve dj jgs gks rks θ
pseudo force er yxkvks vkSj
Q. Find the value of m' so that m is at rest with
tc car (a ≠ 0) osQ vanj cSB dj
respect to 2m.
question solve dj jgs gks rks a
pseudo force yxk nksA
HkkbZ ,sls le>
T

m
Method-2: In car frame yks dh m vkSj
2m θ 2m fpid dj
T cos T a 3m cu x,A
(pseudo) a = g tan θ
ma T m′
 a
T sin
Sol. a = g tan q
mg m'g – T = m'(g tan q) ...(i)
T = (3m) g tan q ...(ii)
T cosθ = mg Solving above equations we get m'.
T sin= ma
0 Consider a lift moving upward with acc a, and a
SSSQ. m2 mass m is hanging inside lift by a string as shown
m1
in fig. Find tension.
a1 a2
wrt lift ,d dke dj pqi pki lift osQ
What will be the Pseudo force on 'm1' wrt man? T
m vanj tkdj cSB tk] cSBus ls igys
Sol. FPseudo = m1a2 (–i^) uhps pseudo force ma yxk
a
mg ma nsA Block rq>s :dk gqvk fn[kkbZ
Q. What should be the accleration of wedge 'a' so
that the block remains at rest wrt wedge. T = mg + ma
nsxk eryc T = mg + ma
a ⇒ T = m (g + a)
T = m (g + a)
⇒ T = mgeff
m T = mgeff

2m
SKC
θ

Sol. N
θ
m

ma
θ geff eryc ,sls le>yks lift osQ vanj cSBus ij vki ,sls nqfu;k
vxj eS wedge osQ mQij
mg tkdj cSB tkm¡Q rks eq>s es vkx, tg¡k g dh value g ± a gSA
Now resolve mg and block :dk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsxk]
ma along the incline cl cSBus ls igys pseudo geff = g + a geff = g – a
a a
and perpendicular to force nsuk t:jh gSA
incline.

91
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Q. Find tension is string. Q. Find tension in the string in following case.

2
T g eff = 1
10kg
a=2
geff = g + a
T

Sol. T = m geff = m (g + a) a=2

T = 10 × 12 = 120 2kg

3kg
Q. A coin is dropped at t = 0 from ceiling of a lift
as shown in fig. Find time when it will hit the
2m1m2 2 2 3
floor of lift. Sol. T = geff = 12
m1 m2 2 3
coin drop

SKC
at t = 0 at 't'

geff = g + a
a=2 = 12
24m a=2
Tension ,d real force gS ;g gj frame es
same jgsxkA

2 Q. A pendulum of mass m hangs from a support

Sol. geff = 12 m/s
fixed to a trolley. The direction of the string
1 2 when the trolley rolls up a plane of inclination a
24 = 0 + × 12 × t
2 with acceleration a0 is (String and bob remain
t=2 fixed with respect to trolley)
2h a0
t= geff
q
igys Kinematics
Ucoin/lift = 0, acoin/lift = –10 – 2
a
Scoin/lift = –24 = –12
Sol. Balancing forces in the frame of trolley (non-
1 inertial frame)
–24 = 0 + (–12) t2
2
T sin θ = m (g sin α + a0)
t = 2 sec
T cos q = mg cos a
Q. Find time, when the block will reach at B. g sin a a0
⇒ tan q =
g1eff p gcos a
=g+a dro
a T a0
Tcosq
q q
l Tsinq
B
mgsina + ma0 sa
1 c o
Sol. l = 0 + × (g + a)sin θ t2 mg
2 a
2l
⇒t= –1 g sin a a0
(g a) sin q q = tan
gcos a
92 Physics P
W
 a1 = 10
CONSTRAINT MOTION Ring

ac 37°
1 os
Along the rigid rod or taut string; Components of 37
°
magnitude of velocity & acc. should be same.

0 a1 a2 m a2

A B F a2 = a1cos37°
a1 = a2 4
a2 = 10 × = 8 m/s2
5
0 v=4
(b) If m = 10 kg find T at this instant

T
100 – T = 10 × 8
v=4 m a2 T = 20
0 v1 v2
mg
θ1 v1 cos1 θ2
v2 cos2 Virtual Work Method
rigid rod
v1cos1 = v2 cosθ2 ;s oSQls vk;k bldk reason WPE es i<+saxs (net WD by
internal tension = 0) vHkh ;s fl[kks bldks apply oSQls
0 a1
djuk gSA
θ
a2
Σ T. x = 0
a1 cosθ = a2 differentiate
T1. x1 + T2. x2 +...... = 0
Q. Relation between a1 and a2.
T1. v1 + T2. v2 +...... = 0
a2
a2 = ?
a2
F
T1. a1 + T2. a2 + T3. a3 +...... = 0
37° a1
a1 = 10
Q. Find a3.
a1cos 37 = a2
a1 = 4 a2 = 6

SKC T T

T T
ns[k HkkbZ lh/h ckr no bakwas, block dh
actual velocity/acc dks jLlh/rod dh a3 = ?
2T
rjiQ rksM+ yks vkSj cjkcj djnks

Q. Ring is constant to move along the fix rod as

T1. a1 + T2. a2 + T3. a3 = 0
2
shown in fig. If at a instant acc of ring is 10 m/s
T × 4 + T × 6 – 2Ta3 = 0
along +x-axis.
a3 = 5
(a) Find acceleration of block.
93
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Q. Find a' in following figure. Q. Find a' in following figure.

T T T T
T T T T
T T
a=2 a=8
a1 = 2 a' = ?
2T 2T 2T
a' = ? a3 = 5
a2 = 3
Sol. T × 2 + 2Ta' – T × 8 = 0
a' = 3 T × 2 + 2T × 3 – 2T × 5 + Ta' = 0

oqQN cPpks osQ fnekx es ;s 2 + 6 – 10 + a' = 0

doubt vk,xk fd sir ;g¡k
a' = 2
mass rks given ugh gSA

ns[k HkkbZ fdlh ,d jLlh es tension T eku vkSj mlosQ ckn

csVk ;g¡k mass dh t:jr ugh
lHkh jLlh es tension fudky ns ftldk acc ugh irk mldk
gS ;gh rks lh[kuk gS] vxj jLlh
acc mQij dh rjiQ eku yks vkSj solve djnks vxj answer
es tension iwNrk rks mass dh
negative vk;k rks le> tkuk acc uhps FkkA
t:jr gksrhA
Q. Find a'?
?
a' = 2T 2T

a=2
T
vcs tk dg¡k jgk gS
igys vkxs okys ques
2Ta' – T × 2 = 0 vkSj solve dj
a' = 1
Q. Find a2.
Q. Find a' in following figure.

T
T T T T
a1 = 4
a2 = ? a1 = 6 a' = ?
2T
2T

T × 4 – 2T a2 = 0
T × 6 – 3Ta' = 0
a2 = 2
a' = 2

94 Physics P
W
 Q. Find a' in following figure. Sol.

2T T
=4
a1 T
T T
V0 q V
A
T T T T T T B

a2 = 6 V0
–TV0 + TVcosq + TV = 0 ⇒ V =
2T 1 cos q
a3 = ? Q. Find a3.
4 × 2 + 6 × 1 + 3 × a3 = 0
14
a3 = – ('–' sign means
3
downward acceleration)
Q. Find a2 ? 2T × 2 + T × 4 + 2Ta3 = 0
a2 = ? 8 + 2a3 = 0
2T
T a3 = – 4
T
37º a1 = 2
uhps
a1 = 10 T T T

T. a1 + T2. a2 = 0 a2 = 4 a3
Ta1 cos37 + Ta2cos180 = 0 2T
a1 cos37 – a2 = 0
Q. Find a' and T.
a2 = a1 cos 37° = 8 a' = ?
T
Q. Find a2 ?
a1 = 10
T T
37°
T
T
T 2T
a=6
a2 = ?
Ta1 cos37 – Ta2 = 0 Ta' – 3T × 6 = 0

a2 = a1 cos 37° a' = 18

a2 = 8 Q. If m1 = 10 kg find m2 and m3 in following fig.

a' = 2
Q. In the figure, find the velocity of block B, if
a1 T m2
velocity of A is V0 in downward direction? m1 T
37°
T T

V0 q 2T 2T
A
B m3 a=8

95
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Ta1 – 32T + 2T = 0 Method-1:
a1 = 30 T – 40 = 4a2 ...(1)
100 – 2T = 10a1 ...(2)
T – 100 sin 37 = 10 × 30 (For m1)
Ta2 – 2Ta1 = 0
T = 360
a2 = 2a1 (constraint relation) ...(3)
m3 g – 4T = m3 × a
Solve & get
m3 × 10 – 4 × 360 = m3 × 8
Method-2: SKC Method
m3 = 720 kg
T = m2a' ⇒ 360 = m2 × 2 Ta1 + 2Ta2 = 0

m2 = 180 a1 + 2a2= 0
Q. Find a' T – 40 + 2 2T – 100 = 0
4 10
T
a1 4kg Solve and get value of T
2T and then a1 and a2

40 10kg a2
T T T T T T
T

a' = ? 100
Q. Find acc of each block.
T
2T 2T 2T a=4 2a1 + a2 = 0
a=2
2T – 40 T – 60
a=6 2 + =0
4 6
Ta' + 4T – 12T – 12T = 0
a' = 20
2T Now you can solve and get
Q. Find a2
the value of tension.
a2 = ? a1 = 20
a1 4kg vcs mlosQ ckn block
T
2T dh eqn fy[k dj a1
2T a2 fudky yksxs ukA
2T T
2T
a2 6kg

4Ta2 – 5T. 20 = 0 Q. Find acc of each block.

a2 = 25
Q. Find acc of each block in following case.
Sol. T
T

a2 4kg
T
2T
T
8kg a1
4kg a2 4kg
a1 Sol. Ta2 + 3Ta1 = 0
2T a2 + 3a1 = 0
40
10kg 10kg T – 40 3T – 80
+3 =0
4 8
100
96 Physics P
W
 Q. Find acc of each block. Sol.
a2
2T
2m
T

2T 2T m a1
2T
2Ta2 + Ta1 = 0
a1 2
2a2 + a1 = 0
T
T 2T T – mg
4T 2 + =0
8 a3 2m m
a2 4
16 a4 2T + T – mg = 0
T = mg/3
Sol. 2a1 + 4a2 + a3 + a4 = 0
uhps
2T – 20 4T – 40 T – 80 T – 160 T – mg 2g
2 +4 + + =0 a1 = =–
2 4 8 16 m 3
a2
;s t:j check dj ysuk fd ftrus mass 2T
mrus terms vk,axsa 2m
T
Q. Find acc of each block. m 2a

Q. Find acc of both the block.

a1 T
2T 2T m
30°

a1 1kg
a2 T
a1 + 2a2 = 0 2T
2kg T
2m a2

a3 3kg T – mg sin30 2T – 2mg

m + 2 =0
2m
Sol. 2Ta1 + Ta2 + Ta3 = 0
Now solve by yourself.
2a1 + a2 + a3 = 0
Q. In the shown figure, find the acceleration of
2T – 10 T – 20 T – 30 block B. All surfaces are frictionless.
2 + + =0
1 2 3
2m 4m
Solve and get T
P1
a1 = (2T – 10)/1 F A B
P2
a2 = (T – 20)/2 m C

a3 = (T – 30)/3
Sol. P1 aB
Q. Find acc of both the block. A T
F 2T 2T a'
2m
aA T
2m
m

97
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 T Q. Find a'?
a' B
aB
T P2 a= 4
2T 2T 4m a = 4m/s2
T T 2T
Cm 2T
aC
=
aC
T
–2TaA + 3TaB + TaC = 0 ⇒ 3aB + aC = 2aA
a=6
From above equation a=6 T
a' = ?
3aB + ac = 2aA ...(i) [Constraint relation] a'

F – 2T = 2maA...(ii) [Newton’s II law for block A]

+T × 6 + Ta' – 2T4 = 0
3T = 4m aB ....(iii) [Newton’s II law for block B] + 6 + a' – 8 = 0
T = maC ....(iv) [Newton’s II law for block C] a' = 2
From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) Q. Find a'
3T T F − 2T
3× + =2
4m m 2m
ar = 4m/s2
9T 4F
+ T = F – 2T ⇒ T =
4 21

3T F a=6
aB = ⇒ aB = .
4m 7m a'

Q. Find a? 6 + a'
4= (;s ,d eLr okyk result gS oSQls vk;k
2
oks NksM+ks bldk pattern ;kn djyks)
a' = 2

Q. Find a'
4m/s2
6m/s
2 a'
a=?

bl type osQ ques es vxj block missing gS

rks t:jr osQ fglkc ls cuk yksA a=4
a=6

Sol. 4+6
Sol. a' = =5
2
Q. Find a'.
2T
T T a'
2 2
6m/s 4m/s
2T 2T
a a'

T θ
– T × 6 + 2Ta – T × 4 = 0 T
4=a a=6
a=5
98 Physics P
W
 Method-1: T.4 + T.6 – 2Ta' = 0 Method-2:
a' = 5
4+6
Method-2: a' = =5 a2
2
Q. Find out the velocity of block E as shown in a1 a1 N
figure. θ θ
– 90–θ
4m/s 90 N θ
F θ
a2 90°

C 2m/s N1. a1 + N2. a2 = 0

E Na1 cos (90 – θ) + Na2cos (90 + 90 – θ) = 0
8m/s A B 2m/s
1m/s D a1sinθ – a2 cosθ = 0

Sol. 8T – 2T + (2T × 2) – (8T × 1) + 4TVE – (16T × 4) = 0 a1sinθ = a2cosθ

4VE = –8 + 2 – 4 + 8 + 64 = 62 Q. Find constraint relation for following fig.
62 31 –1
VE = = ms
4 2
a2

WEDGE CONSTRAINT a1

90
θ

–θ
A a
1 co
s
(9
0
–θ
B a2 = a1 cos (90 – θ) )
a1 a2 = ?
θ a2 = a1sinθ
90 – θ
θ a2 Q. In the arrangement shown in figure, if the
acceleration of B is a, then find the acceleration
θ of A.
a2
co
sθ
a1
si
nθ

B
Method-1: fixed
0 There no relative motion along common normal. A incline
0 Component of acc of A & B along the common q a
normal same
a1 sinθ = a2cosθ Sol. Let a′ be the acceleration of block A using
wedge constraint at point P
SKC
acosa
a' B a
ns[k HkkbZ lh/h ckr no bakwas, nksuks canks dk 90°–q P a
Acc normal dh rjiQ cjkcj djnksA asina
a' A a
q

99
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 asina cosq + acosa sinq = a′cos(90° – q) Q. A block of mass 10 kg is at rest on rough
asin(a + q) = a′sinq surface. A boy is applying force F on the block
such that value of F is increasing slowly from
a sin(q a) zero analyse the situation
a′ = a
sin q
Q. A block of mass m is placed on the inclined F
10kg
surface of a wedge as shown. Calculate the
acceleration of the wedge and the block when f
the block is released. Assume all surfaces are F – f = ma
frictionless.
F a f
m
0 0 0
M 2N 0 2 ihNs f cny jgk gS
q 5 0 5 " block is at
10 0 10 " rest
Sol. Let the acceleration of wedge be A and that of 20 0 20 (static
block be a (w.r.t. wedge). Then acceleration of friction)
m w.r.t. ground is 39.99 39.99

(a cos q – A)î – a sin q ĵ 40.001 30 (let)

Kinetic
N sin q 45 30
N cos q friction
q N 50 30
q (fk)
N N cos q 100 30
A N cos q m
M
q a Static Friction
mg
a cos q It is variable force and self adjusting force.
y Experimentally ⇒ fs
a max
∝N
a sin q x
fs = msN
max
For M: N sin q = MA … (i) coeff of static
For m: mg – N cos q = ma sin q … (ii) friction
N sin q = m(a cos q – A) … (iii) 0 It oppose relative motion b/w contact surface
Solved (i), (ii) and (iii) to get 0 (fs)max = limiting friction
mg sin q cos q (M m)g sin q 0 Independent on area of contact.
A= and a =
M msin2 q M msin2 q Kinetic Friction
Now acceleration of block can be found by – It opposes the relative motion b/w contact surface
putting the values of A and a in (i). fk ∝N
fk = mkN = Const
FRICTION
Coeff of kinetic friction
0 It's value is constant and independent of area of
ns[k HkkbZ ;s dksbZ u;k chapter ugh gS] contact surface.
NLM gh gS bles ,d force i<+saxs ftldk (Experimental)
f
uke gS friction vkSj mls iqjkus forces osQ Kinetic friction
fs
max
lkFk mix djsaxs] cl bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk
dh gj question es friction fdruk yx Static friction
jgk gS vkSj mldk nature D;k gSA 45°
F
100 Physics P
W
 Q. In given fig. Find value of acc and friction Sol. F.B.D. of the block
if F = 10 N, 20 N, 35 N, 39.99 N, 40.01 N, 100 N
50 N.
F
10kg
F ms = 0.4
10g
mk = 0.3 N

Sol. (fs)max = msN = 0.4 × mg = 40 N N = 10g + 100 = 200 N

fs,max = msN = 200 × 0.1 = 20 N
fk = mkN = 0.3 × 100 = 30N
If |F2 – F1| < msN block will not move and self
adjusting static friction will act on its block and
will be equal to |F2 – F1|.
If |F2 – F1| > msN
ns[k HkkbZ lcls igys carefully (fs)max vkSj fk fudkyks ;g¡k
then, fk = mkN
(fs)max = 40 N vk;k eryc :osQ gq, block ij vxj 40
N ;k mlls de force yxkvksxs rks block :dk jgsxk vkSj Case-I: F1 = 0
friction static yxsxk ftloQh value ftruk force yxk;k F2 = 5N f = 5 N (towards left)
mlosQ cjkcj gksxhA vxj 40 N ls T;knk force yxk;k rks F2 = 15N f = 15 N (towards left)
block move dj tk,xkA
F2 = 25N f = 20 N (towards left)
fk = 30 N vk;k means vxj block move dj jgk gS rks
Case-II: F1 = 20 N
friction kinetic yxsxk ftldh value constant 30 N
gksxhA F2 = 10 N f = 10 N (towards right)
F2 = 20 N f = 0
(a) Find a & f if F = 10N
F2 = 42 N f = 20 N (towards left)
a = 0, f = 10N, (Static)
F2 = 50 N f = 20 N (towards left)
(b) Find a & f if F = 20N a = 0, fs = 20 Q. A force F is applied on the block as shown in
(c) F = 35N a = 0, fs = 35 the figure. If the coefficient of static friction
ms = 0.3 and coefficient of kinetic friction is
(d) F = 39.99 a = 0, fs = 39.99 mk = 0.2.
F –fk F
(e) F = 40.01 a= m
37°
40.01 – 30 10 kg
a= = 1.001
10
50 – 30 Find frictional force and acceleration of the
(f) F = 50N, a = 10 =2
block if
Q. Find frictional force (i) F = 10 N
100 N
acting on the block in the (ii) F = 50 N
following cases given that
2
F1 10 kg F2 Sol. F.B.D. of the block
µ = 0.1 [Take g = 10 m/s ]
N F sin 37°
Case-I: F1 = 0 Case-II: F1 = 20 N
F2 = 5N F2 = 10 N f F cos 37°
F2 = 15N F2 = 20 N
F2 = 25N F2 = 42 N
F2 = 50 N 10 g

101
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 (i) F = 10 N Tsin37 + N = 100
Balancing forces normal to the surface
dk;ns es lgh ⇒ Tcos37° > (fs)max
N + 10sin37°– 10g = 0 ⇒ N = 94 N
fs, max = msN = 0.3 × 94 = 28.2 N T = mg

4 Tcos37° = (fs)max = µN
Fcos37° = 10 × =8N
5 4
mg = 1 (100 – Tsin37)
Since, Fcos37° < msN, block will not move 5
and static friction fs = Fcos37° = 8N. 4 3
mg = 10 – .1 × mg ×
(ii) F = 50 N 5 5
N + 50sin37° – 10 g = 0 ⇒ N = 70N 4 .3
mg × = 10
fs, max = msN = 0.3 × 70 = 21N 5 5
4 4.3
Fcos37° = 50 × = 40 N m × 10 ×
5 5 = 10
Since Fcos37° > msN, friction will not be 5
m= kg
able to prevent slipping. 4.3
Block will slide and kinetic friction will act
Q. Find acc. of block and value of friction.
on the block
fk = 0.2 N = 0.2 × 70 = 14 N
10kg
To find acceleration, we apply Newton’s law
along horizontal direction ms = 0.4
Fcos37° – fk = ma mk = 0.3
2kg
50cos37° – 14 = 10a
40 − 14 Sol.
⇒a= = 2.6 m/s2 T
10 f 10kg
Q. Find the acc of block in following case.
a fs = 40 N T
37 F = 100N max
10kg fcos 37° = 80 fk = 30 N
f 2kg
10kg a=0
N
µ = 0.2 T = 20 20
60 = Fsinθ f = 20 (static)
mg = 100
Q. Find acc. of block and value of friction.
N = 100 + 60 = 160
(fs)max = .2 × 160 = 32 10kg

80 – 32 ms = 0.4
a= = 4.8 ms–2 mk = 0.3
10
Q. Find min value of m so that 10 kg block just
5kg
move

Tsin37° Sol. Since (fs)max = 40 and fk = 30 N

T
mg = 50 > (fs)max (Block will move)
37°
f 10kg 50 − fk 50 − 30 4
Tcos37° T a= = =
µ = 0.1 10 5 15 3
N
m 50 – T = 5 × a
4 130
T = 50 – 5 × =
mg = 100 mg 3 3

102 Physics P
W
 Q. N = mg cosθ = 80
Fo = 40N T
10kg (fs)max = .5 × 80 = 40
fk = .4 × 80 = 32
ms = 0.7 T
mk = 0.5
10kg a
g 12kg a
mg = 100
1 0k
Sol.

SKC 60 fk
mg = 120

120 – 60 – 32
a=
10 + 12
ns[k HkkbZ 10 kg osQ block dks move djkus osQ fy, effectively
70 N dk force pkfg, vkSj ;g¡k è;ku ls ns[kks rks 100 – 40 Q. Find a ?

= 60 gS means block move ugh djsxkA

a=0 11kg a
g
T = 100 0 1 0k
Fo q =6 ms = .6
10kg T g sin 37° mk = .5 mg = 110
m
fs
T = Fo + fs (fs)max = msN = ms mgcosθ
100 = 40 + fs
(fs)max = .6 × 80 = 48
Q. Find the acc. of each block.
a (fk) = mkN = .5 × 80 = 40

10kg 110 – 60 – 40 10 –2
a= = ms
f a 10 + 11 21
T

10kg 20kg Friction dh understanding dks c<+kus osQ fy, uhps

ques attach dj jgk gw¡ ftlls no. of page c<+saxs]
100 200 publisher okys HkbZ;k xqLlk gksaxs
ms = .6
D;kasfd price rks ge same j[ksaxs
mk = .4
ysfdu rqEgs gj ques solve djuk gSA
(fs)max = 60
Bcz exam es bu ques osQ vkus fd
fk = 40 probability cgqr T;knk gSA
200 – 100 – 40 3 –2
a= = ms
10 + 10 + 20 2
Q.
Q. Find acc. and friction.

N
F µ = .5
10kg
g 12kg a
1 0k
µg = .5
µk = .4 mg = 120
0
θ =6 37°
(a) Find min value of F so that block does not
sin mgcosθ
mg fall.
103
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 hdk f Here mg (driving force) is greater than
lgh r j
maximum friction f1 = 40 N. Hence the block will
10kg N not be able to stay at rest. It will accelerate
F downwards. But when it starts slipping, then
kinetic friction will come into play.
N=f
mg = 100 Case-II: N2 = 500 N, mg = 50 N
Block does not fall fk
mg ≤ (fs)max
mg ≤ µsN
500 N N2
100 ≤ .5F
F ≥ 200 mg
Fmin = 200
fl = m sN2 = 200 N, fk = mk N2 = 150 N

Shortcut Here fl is greater than mg (driving force),

Hence, block will not move. So in this case a = 0,
mg = (fs)max = µsN
f = mg = 50 N
100 = 5 × Fmin
F = 200 = Fmin Case-III:
N3 = 400 N, fl = m sN3 = 160 N, fk = mk N3 = 120 N
(b) Find max value of F so that block fall a
200 ls de yxkvksxs rks fxjsxk 199.99999........
500 cos 37° = 400 N
Sol. 200
N3
Q. Determine the magnitude of frictional force
and acceleration of the block in each of the
following cases: [Take g = 10 m/s2] 500 sin 37° = 300 N 120 N fk

Here driving force = 300 – 120 = 180 N in upward

5 kg 5 kg 12 kg
direction; hence, friction will act downwards.
100 N 500 N Driving force is more than fl. So the block will
37°
ms = 0.4 ms = 0.4 ms = 0.4 accelerate upwards.
mk = 0.3 mk = 0.3 500 N m = 0.3
k
180 − fk 180 − 120
Case I Case II Case III a= = = 5 ms −2 (upwards)
m 12
Sol. Case-I: N1 = 100 N, mg = 50 N So in this case f = fk = 120 N and a = 5 ms–2
fk (upwards)
Now
mg − fk 50 − 30
100 N N1 a= = = 4 ms −2
m 5
–2
So in this case f = fk = 30 N and a = 4 ms
a mg
(downwards)
fl = msN1 = 0.4 × 100 = 40 N, fk = mkN1
Q. (a) Find min acc 'a' so that block does not fall
= 0.3 × 100 = 30 N (b) Find max acc 'a' so that block does fall
104 Physics P
W
 µ m

Sol.
f
A block of mass m is at rest on a rough incline plane
N
making angle q with horizontal. The angle q at wedge
m
ma block is just about to slide down is called angle of
(Pseudo) mg repose.
a When block is just about to slide

(fs)max
lgh ⇒ mg ≤ (fs)max
mg ≤ µN nθ
g si
mg ≤ µma m

g θ
≤a
µ
mgsinθ = (fs)max = µsmgcosθ
N = ma ...(1)
µs = tanθ
mg = (fs)max = µN
θ = tan–1 (µs) = angle of repose
mg = µma
If θ ≤ θs = Rest
g
a= θ > θs = Slide down
µ

Answer for both the (a) and (b) is same and 0 tanθ = µs = 1
m 3
g
equal to 1 θs = 30
µ µs =
3 θ ≤ 30 ⇒ Block Rest
θ
Angle of Repose/Angle of Sliding θ > 30 ⇒ Block Move

Angle of Friction
Resultant of N and (fs)max

R N

F θ angle f

(fs)max

(fs)max
tanθ = mg
N
vxj eS mQij okyh image es vius gkFk dks mQij mBkrk tkm¡Q θ = tan–1(µs)
µsN
eryc q increase djrk tkm¡Q rks ftl angle ij ;s mobile tanθ =
N
just uhps fiQlyuk start gks tk,xk ml angle dks ge fiQlyus
tanθ = µs
okyk angle dgrs gS cksys rks angle of sliding.
105
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 0
µ
F m

# काम का डब्बा θ f
sin θ fix
mg
0 F
m min value of F so that block slide up.

f N Fmin = mgsinθ + (fs)max

Fmin = mgsinθ + µsmgcosθ.

mg 0

f
Netcontact force = N2 + f2
m

F
0 v (move)
inθ
10kg gs θ fix
m
fk = µmg min value of F to prevent the block sliding
down
fk µmg
m = µg (ihNs)
a= m = F + (fs)max = mgsinθ

Stopping distance fudkyus osQ fy, 3rd eqn of F = mgsinθ – µmgcosθ

motion yxkvks 02 = v2 – 2(mg)x

Q. In following fig. Find distance travel by block
0 When block is moving up along the inclined before coming to rest.
Sol. 20m/s Vf = 0
v
a 10kg
m µ = .4 x

inθ a = µg = 4 (ihNs) = cost.

g s θ
m 2 2
O = (20) – 2 × 4 × x
fk
ma = mgsinθ + µk mgcosθ x = 50 m

a = gsinθ + µgcosθ Q. In the given fig. block is projected along the

ihNs rough incline (m = 0.5) with speed 50 m/s. Find
distance travel by block before coming to rest.
0 When block is moving down along the inclined c
se
5
t = est
sθ R
c o
µ g
θ– / s
gsin Fk
a
0m
= 5
a m
t =0 x

v 37°
θ
µ = 0.5

106 Physics P
W
 2
a = gsinθ + µgcosθ = 6 + .5 × 8 = 10 m/s Q. A uniform chain of 6 m length is placed on a table
such that a part of its length is hanging over
O2 = (50)2 – 2 × 10 × x
the edge of the table. The system is at rest.
2500 The co-efficient of static friction between the
x= = 125 m
20 chain and the surface of the table is 0.5, the
maximum length of the chain hanging from the
Advance esa directly friction ls loky table is _______m.
ugh iwNs x, gS ysfdu mains es gj lky
Sol. Mass per unit length = l
repetative concept ij question iwNs
N = mg = l(L – x)g
tk jgs gSA So, eS oqQN important PYQ
attach dj jgk gq¡ bUgs vPNs ls solve djs fs,max = msN
ns[kuk ;g¡k ls loky t:j vk,xkA N

L–x
Q. As shown in the figure, a block of mass 3 kg
is kept on a horizontal rough surface of
1
coefficient of friction . The critical force
3 3 x
mg
to be applied on the vertical surface as shown
at an angle 60° with horizontal such that it does
not move. The value of force will be ?

fs,max = (0.5) (l) (L – x)g

1
m= And also fs,max = mxg
3 3 m = 3kg
60° 0.5l (L – x)g = lxg
L−x
=x
3 1 2
g = 10 m/s2 ;sin 60 = ;cos 60 =
2 2 L 3x L 6
= ⇒x = = =2m
2 2 3 3
Sol. Net force in the Vertical direction is zero so.
Q. A body of mass 1 kg rests on a horizontal
N = mg + F sin 60°
floor with which it has a coefficient of
fim = Fcos 60° ⇒ μN = Fcos60° 1
static friction . It is desired to make
⇒ m(mg + Fsin 60°) = Fcos 60° 3
⇒ mmg = F[cos 60° – m sin 60°] the body move by applying the minimum
possible force F (in N). The value of F will be
1
3 10 ______ (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
mmg
F= =3 3 = 10 –2
[Take g = 10 ms ]
cos 60 − m sin 60
 
1 1 3
− Sol. Minimum possible force,
2 3 3 2
mmg
N F sin 60° F=
1 m2
F cos 60°
1
m 1 10
Fmin = 3
Flim = 5N
1
1
mg 3

107
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 Q. A block of mass m is placed on a surface having Force F2 required to prevent the block from
2
vertical cross section given by y = x /4. If sliding
coefficient of friction is 0.5, the maximum F2 = mgsin 45º – f
height above the ground at which block can be
mg
placed without slipping is: = mgsin 45º – μN = 1 − m)
2
Sol.
Given, F1 = 2F2

x
ma
mg mg
m) = 2 1 − m)

)
y 1

s
⇒

(f
mg sin q = (fs)max 2 2
mg sin q = ms mg cos q
q

⇒ m = 1/3 = 0.33
sin

dy
q ms = tan q =
Q. The time taken by an object to slide down a 45o
mg

dx
x rough inclined plane is n times as it takes to
o
slide down a perfectly smooth 45 inclined plane.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
object and the incline plane is

y = x2/4, m = 0.5 Sol. For a perfectly smooth inclined plane

dy x 1 a1 = g sin q = g / 2
= tan q = = m =
dx 2 2 For the rough inclined plane
x = 1 , y = 1/4 g Kg
a2 = g sin q − mk gcos q = −
Q. Consider a block kept on an inclined plane 2 2
(inclined at 45º) as shown in the figure. If the Given, t2 = nt1
force required to just push it up the incline is
and a1t12 = a2t22
2 times the force required to just prevent it
from sliding down, the coefficient of friction g g kg
⇒ t12 = − n2t12
between the block and inclined plane (m) is equal 2 2 2
to:
1
⇒ mK = 1 −
n2

45°

Sol. (a) Force F1 required to just push the block up

the incline
N F1
m

° mg cos45°
45 f
g sin
m 45°

mg mg
F1 = mgsin 45º + f = mmg cos 45 = 1 m) Q. A block of mass M slides down on a rough
2 2 inclined plane with constant velocity. The angle
N F2 made by the incline plane with horizontal is θ.
f
The magnitude of the contact force will be:
m
Sol. From F. B. D
° mg cos45°
in45 N = Mg cos q
m gs 45° f = Mg sin q
108 Physics P
W
 2 Now two condition arises.
∴ R = N2 f2 = (Mg cos q) (Mg sin q)2 = Mg
(i) If m1 > m2 both will move with same acc
R
N m2g sinq
f
N m2m2g cosq
m N
nq
si
g
m mg cosq m1g sinq m1m1g cosq
q mg q

Q. A body of mass ‘m’ is launched up on a rough (m1 m2 )g sin q − (m1m1 m2m2 )g cos q
inclined plane making an angle of 30º with the a=
m1 m2
horizontal. The coefficient of friction between
We can also find normal force between block
the body and plane is x if the time of ascent
5 just by writting NLM eqn of any block.
is half of the time of descent. The value of x is (ii) If m1 < m2 then, blocks will move with different
__________. acceleration.
Sol. For Ascent: N = 0 because, there is no contact between the
2 2 blocks.
ta = = ...(i)
aascent g(sin q m cos q) a1 = g sin q – m1g cos q

For Descent: a2 = g sin q – m2g cos q

⇒ a1 > a2
2 2
td = = ...(ii)
adescent g(sin q − m cos q)

1
According to question, ta = t
2 d
1 1 1
⇒ =
sin q m cos q 4 sin q − m cos q
[From (i) and (ii)]

3 3 3
⇒m= tan q = tan30º =
5 5 5

Q. Mass m1 and m2 are placed on a rough

TWO BLOCKS ON AN inclined plane as shown in figure. Find out the
INCLINED PLANE acceleration of the blocks and contact force in
between these surface.
Consider two blocks having
masses m1 and m2 placed on a m2
2 kg
m g
1
rough inclined plane. m1 and m2 m2 1k
are the friction coefficient m1 N m2 = 0.2
for m1 and m2 respectively. If
N 37° m1 = 0.5
m2
N is the normal force between q m1
Sol. As we know if m1 > m2 both will travel together so
the contact surface of m1
a1 = a2 = a
and m2.
F.B.D
109
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 ma0 cos a + mg sin a = ma (for block)
m 2 f2 = m2 m2gcos37° = 3.2 or; a = a0 cos a + g sin a …(i)
7° m 1 f = m m gcos37° = 4
3 1 1 1 N + ma0 sin a = mg cos a (for block) …(ii)
c os 7°
g 3 37°
m 2 cos N sin a = Ma0 (for prism)
g
m1 N = Ma0/sin a … (iii)
which is equivalent to
Putting in (ii)

kg Ma0 mgsinacosa
3 f1 + f 2 ma0 sina = mgcosa or a0 =
sina M msin2a
7 °
sin3 37° 2 M m ) gsina
3g From (i), a = mgsinacos a gsina =
2
M msin a M msin2a
3g sin37  − f1 f2 ) 18 − 7.2
a= ⇒a= = 3.6 m/sec2 Q. What is the minimum acceleration with which
3 3
bar A should be shifted horizontally to keep
Now F.B.D of 1 kg block is the bodies 1 and 2 stationary relative to the
2 bar? The masses of the bodies are equal and
N N sec the coefficient of friction between the bar
4 m/
3 .6 and the bodies equal to μ. The masses of the
a = pulley and the threads are negligible while the
°
37
s in friction in the pulley is absent.
g
g sin 37° + N – 4 = (1) a 1

N = 3.6 + 4 – 6 = 1.6 Newton A 2

Now practice following question for Adv.
Q. All the surfaces shown in figure are assumed to Sol. Let us place the observer on A.
be frictionless. The block of mass m slides on Since we have non-inertial frame we have
the prism which in turn slides backward on the pseudo forces.
horizontal surface. Find the acceleration of the
For body ‘1’ we have,
smaller block with respect to the prism.
T = ma + μmg … (i)
A
For body ‘2’ we have,
m
N = ma
a0
M mg – T – μma = 0
a
\ mg = T + μma … (ii)
B C
ma T
Sol. Let the acceleration of the prism be a0 in the 1
backward direction. Consider the motion of the
mmg
smaller block from the frame of the prism The mN T
forces on the block are (figure)
A ma
a 2 N
N' N
a0 mg
a ma0
a a
a
N a mg a
1−m
From (i) and (ii) amin = g
Mg 1 m

110 Physics P
W
 Q. A plank is held at an angle a to the horizontal Q. In the arrangement shown in figure the mass of
(Fig.) on two fixed supports A and B. The the rod M exceeds the mass m of the ball. The
plank can slide against the supports (without ball has an opening permitting it to slide along
friction) because of its weight Mg. With what the thread with some friction. The mass of the
acceleration and in what direction, a man of pulley, mass of the string and the friction in its
mass m should move so that the plank does not axle are negligible. At the initial moment the
move. ball was located opposite the lower end of the
rod. When set free, both bodies began moving
with constant accelerations. Find the friction
force between the ball and the thread if t
a seconds after the beginning of motion the ball
A got opposite the upper end of the rod. The rod
B
length equals .

Sol. F.B.D. of man and plank are

f M m
mg sin a + f
Sol. Step-I: Draw force diagram separately: In fig
B, P is a point on the string
Mg sin a From fig. A,
For plank be at rest, applying Newton’s second
mg – f = ma1
law to plank along the incline
mg – f
Mg sin a = f … (i) \ a1 = … (i)
m
and applying Newton’s second law to man along
the incline. From figure B,

mg sin a + f = ma … (ii) T=f … (ii)

M f T T
a = g sin a 1 down the incline
m
ball P
Alternate Solution: If the friction force is rod
a1
taken up the incline on man, then application a2
of Newton’s second law to man and plank along f Mg
mg
incline yields. Fig. A Fig. B Fig. C
f + Mg sin a = 0 … (i) From fig. C
mg sin a – f = ma … (ii) Mg – T = Ma2
Solving (i) and (ii) Mg – f = Ma2
M Mg – f
a = g sin a 1 down the incline
m \ a2 = … (iii)
M
Alternate Solution: Application of Newton’s Step-II: Apply kinematic relation:
seconds law to system of man + plank along the
1
incline yields srel = urel t + an t2 (Shown in fig. D)
2
mg sin a + Mg sin a = ma
Here srel = , urel = 0
M
a = g sin a 1 down the incline arel = a2 – a1
m
1
\ = (a2 – a1) t2
2
111
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
 2 mg cos2 q cos q
\t= ⇒ NBC = mg cos q +
(a2 – a1 ) 1 sin2 q
2mg cos q
a1 ⇒ NBC =
rod
 1 sin2 q
NBC sin q – NWC = 0
a2
mg ball
[Equilibrium of block C in horizontal direction]
Fig. D
2mg sin q cos q
Putting the value of a1 and a2, a1 NWC =
1 sin2 q
2 Mm
f= 2
NBC cos q + mg – NFC = 0
(M – m)t
[Equilibrium of block C in vertical direction]
Q. In the figure shown all the surfaces are smooth.
The blocks A, B and C have the same mass m. F 2mg cos2 q
⇒ NFC = mg
is floor and W is the wall. Find the magnitude 1 2
sin q
of the contact forces at all the surfaces after
mg (2 cos2 q)
the system is released from rest. The angle ⇒ NFC =
of inclination of the inclined plane with the 1 sin2 q
horizontal is q. Q. In the figure shown all blocks are of equal
W mass ‘m’. All surfaces are smooth. Find the
A
acceleration of all the blocks.
B
C A
q B
F
q C
Sol. y A mg
NAB
B Sol. A
q aA
x c os C
NAB sinq N AB mg
mg sinq
NAB
NCW
a0 cosq NBC sinq
NBC mg B NAB
NBC cosq aBcosq a mg
a0 C NBC cosq C
a0 sinq q NFC
NBC
sinq
mg – NAB = maA aB sinq NBC
aB
[Newton’s II law for block A in vertical NBC sinq
direction] aC
NBC
mg sin q + NAB sin q = maB q NBC cosq
[Newton’s II law for block B in x direction]
aA and aC are acceleration of block A and C w.r.t
aA = aB sin q
ground and aB is the acceleration of block B
[Constrained relation for contact surface w.r.t. block C
between block A and B]
NBC sin q = maC
Solving above three equations we get
[Newton’s II law for block C in horizontal
2
mg cos q direction in ground frame]
NAB =
1 sin2 q NAB + mg – NBC cos q = maB sin q
mg cos q + NAB cos q – NBC = 0 [Newton’s II law for block B in vertical direction
[Equilibrium of block B in y direction] in ground frame]
112 Physics P
W
 NBCsin q = m (aBcos q – ac) For M: N sin q = MA … (i)
[Newton’s II law for block B in horizontal For m: mg – N cos q = ma sin q … (ii)
direction in ground frame] N sin q = m(a cos q – A) … (iii)
mg – NAB = maA Solved (i), (ii) and (iii) to get
[Newton’s II law for block A in vertical direction mg sin q cos q (M m)g sin q
in ground frame] A= and a =
M msin2 q M msin2 q
aA = aB sin q Now acceleration of block can be found by
[constrained relation for block A and B in putting the values of A and a in (i).
vertical direction]
Q. Find acc of each block just after spring cutting
Now we have 5 equations and 5 unknowns. if
4g sin2 q 4g sin q
⇒ aA = ⇒ aB =
1 3sin2 q 1 3sin2 q 1
2g sin q cos q
⇒ aC =
1 3sin2 q m A
aBcosq aC
2

aBsinq m B
⇒ Acceleration of B w.r.t ground (a) Lower spring is cut
2 2
2g sin q (FSP)1 = 2 mg → will not change suddenly
= (aB cos q – aC ) (aB sin q) =
1 3sin2 q hence
Q. A block of mass m is placed on the inclined
surface of a wedge as shown. Calculate the
acceleration of the wedge and the block when FSP = 2mg
the block is released. Assume all surfaces are
frictionless. a 2mg − mg
A A a=
m
mg
m a = g (upward)
B aB = g
M
q (b) If upper spring cut at t = 0
then
Sol. Let the acceleration of wedge be A and that of FSP = mg
block be a (w.r.t. wedge). Then acceleration of
A a
m w.r.t. ground is
B a
(a cos q – A) î – a sin q ĵ mg (F ) = mg
SP

N sinq lower mg
N cosq q N
mg mg aB = 0
q aA = = 2g
N N sinq m
A N cosq m
M Q. Find Fmax so that both block move together
q a without slipping between them
mg m
a cosq m 1
y
m2 F
a
a sinq x m =0
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Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
Sol. (a)upper → given by friction only Q. Find Fmax so that both move with same acc.

fmax mm1 g m = 0.8 10 kg

(aupper)max = =
m1 m1 m =2 20 kg F
(aupper)max = mg a1
Sol.
(alower)max so that both will move with same 10 kg
acc = mg f1
a2
⇒ Fmax = (m1 + m2)a = (m1 + m2)mg f1
20 kg F
Q. Fmax so that both move with same acc. f2
A 10 kg m = 0.4 (f1 )max 0.8 100
(a1)max = = =8
B 20 kg F m1 10

m =0 (acommon)max = 8

fmax 0.4 100 10 kg

Sol. (aA)max = = =4
mA 10 20 kg F

Fmax = (10 + 20) × 4 = 120 N f2 = 0.2 × 300 = 60

If F ≤ 120 both move with same acc. F – f2 = (10 + 20) acommon

Q. Find Fmax so that both move with same acc. F – 60 = 30 × 8

A F = 300 = Fmax
m = 0.4 10 kg F
F > 300 both block will move with diff acc.
m =0 B 20 kg
60 < F ≤ 300 both block will move with same acc.
fmax 0.4 100 F ≤ 60 a1 = a2 = 0
Sol. (aB)max = = =2
mB 20
Q. In the above question find the acceleration of
Fmax = (10 +20) × 2 = 60 N both the blocks when
(i) F = 18 N (ii) F = 36 N
If F > 60 N Both move with difference acc
Sol. (i) Since F < 30 both the blocks will move
If F ≤ 60 Both move with same acc. together
Q. Find Fmax so that both block move with same
F.B.D
acc.
m 6 kg F = 18 N
m1 F
m2 m =0
18
a= = 3 m/s2
6
Sol. a1
(ii) F = 36 N
f
m1 F m2
f When F > 30 both the blocks will move
a2 separately so we treat each block
independently
fmax mm1 g
(a2)max = =
m2 m2 F.B.D of 2 kg block

mm1 g A 2 kg F = 10 N
⇒ Fmax = (m1 m2 )
m2 (Friction force)

114 Physics P
W
 aA = 5 m/s2 Newton’s second law given
F.B.D of 4 kg block f = 20 × 4 = 80 N
Solving we get, a = 4 m/s2 and f = 80 N while
F = 10 N 4 kg F = 36 N
B limiting value of friction is 50 N. hence our
36 − 10 26 assumption is wrong.
aB = = m/s2
4 4 Let’s say they are not moving together. Then
Q. Friction coefficient between the blocks is 0.5 fk = 50 N.
and ground is smooth. If force of 120 N is
By Newton’s second law.
applied on the upper block as shown in figure
find acceleration of the blocks. 120 – 50 = 10 aA

A 10 kg 120 N 50 = 20 aB
B 20 kg aA = 7 m/s2, aB =2.5 m/s2

aA
Sol. fmax = 0.5 × 10g = 50 N
10 kg 120 N
Let’s assume they have same acceleration. The f = 50 N
120 A
value of common acceleration is = 4 m/s2.
30 aB
Making free-body diagram 50 N
20 kg
A B
f B
10 kg 120 N 20 kg
f This gives us the correct direction of friction.

115
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction