TEXTBOOK

PART 1

FUNDAMENTAL 2
HIGH SCHOOL
EJA
Livisson Sousa da Silva
[email protected]
Insta: ProfLivissonSilva
YouTube: Physical Education TV
 Physical Education in the BNCC addresses bodily practices by thematizing
and reflecting on them in their various forms and as means of production
of meaning and significance for those who practice it. His view is that the
human movement is always embedded in the realm of culture and must be
interpreted according to the social and historical context of those involved.

Thus, Physical Education in the BNCC proposes the development of

important skills and competencies to expand awareness of
body movements, resources for taking care of oneself and others, and,
also, to develop autonomy and more confident participation
authorial in society.

CORPORAL PRACTICES
Physical Education in the BNCC proposes the development of PRACTICES
CORPORAL composed of three elements: BODY MOVEMENT as
essential element; INTERNAL ORGANIZATION (to a greater or lesser degree),
guided by a specific logic; and CULTURAL PRODUCT linked to the
leisure/entertainment and/or with care for the body and health.

DIMENSIONS OF KNOWLEDGE
The BNCC of Physical Education prioritizes eight DIMENSIONS OF KNOWLEDGE:
["EXPERIMENTATION","USE AND APPROPRIATION","ENJOYMENT","REFLECTION ON ACTION"]
BUILDING VALUES; ANALYSIS; UNDERSTANDING; and PROTAGONISM
COMMUNITY. It is important that each dimension is always addressed from
integrated mode with the others, taking into account its experiential nature
and subjective, with special attention to the ways of learning and teaching.
The introduction of the Physical Education component in the BNCC presents:
The pedagogical assumptions of the component
The specific competencies of the component
The dimensions of knowledge privileged in the BNCC of Physical Education

In the BNCC of Physical Education, the theme of BODY PRACTICES

results in six THEME UNITS proposed in the component for Teaching
Fundamental

GAMES AND PLAYS - involves practices with flexible means-end relationships and
constant creation and alteration of rules. They are practices that are both local and
universal, recognizable in different times and parts of the world and by
various cultural groups.

ESPORTS - involves the practice and understanding of branded sports; precision;

combinatorial technique; divided court or rebound wall; field and bat;
invasion or territorial; and combat. The practice highlights the meanings for others
contexts of leisure, health, and education.

GYMNASTICS – it refers to very diverse practices grouped into: general gymnastics;

conditioning gymnastics; and body awareness gymnastics.
It allows for an understanding of gymnastics from a perspective of
performance, from body awareness to well-being.

DANCES - invites the intersection of physical education and art by exploring practices
bodies synchronized with different rhythms and musical themes, of steps and
specific developments in choreographies.

LUTAS - problematizes the practices of defense with a historical background of resistance

civil (capoeira, Marajoara fight, etc.) of self-knowledge (judo, aikido, etc.) of
sports (fencing, boxing, etc.). Mastery of the techniques and tactics of the fights are
just means.

ADVENTURE BODY PRACTICES – explores bodily experiments

in challenging environments (from nature to urban) where people and groups
to create spaces that need to communicate and respect them
environments.
 CONTENT
BENEFITS OF STRETCHING ...............................................................4
FUNCTIONAL EXERCISES AT HOME .........................................................9
PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES .............................................................................16
Healthy Eating .........................................................................21
STRENGTHENING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM .........................................28
QUALITY OF LIFE
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH ............................ 43
POPULAR GAMES ...................................................................49
GYMNASTICS ........................................................................................57
INDIGENOUS GAMES
OLYMPICS .................................................................................................71
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND BULLYING .................................78
BASKETBALL ...................................................................................................84
HANDBALL
SOCCER
FUTSAL
VOLLEYBALL
ADVENTURE SPORTS ...........................127
CAPOEIRA
ATHLETICS ................................................................................................139
BENEFITS OF
Stretching

4
 Stretches are exercises in which a person remains for a
determined time in a position where the intended muscle is
maintains its maximum extension. Stretching is a practice that is
recommended for everyone, from sedentary individuals to athletes, to improve the
flexibility. Even sedentary people should stretch, so that
reduce the strain on the joints during simple movements of
daily routine. But even so, many people end up not doing the
stretches at the frequency and in the way they should, what can
cause bigger problems in the future. That's why today we're going to talk about a
a little about the importance of stretching regularly and presenting
videos with sequences of movements to do at home.

Warm-up is a preparation for the exercises.

intense and long, it lubricates joints and increases circulation
blood

Whocandostretches?Cananyoneofanyageorgenderdothem?
Student,Housewife,Worker,andAthleteperformingstretches
differentiated?

5
 HOWDOESSTRETCHINGAFFECTOURMUSCLES?

The human being is born with the physical capacity for flexibility. With the
time we lose, but with training you can improve and
develop it, all through STRETCHING.

Stretching offers numerous benefits such as:

Improvement of posture;
Increase in flexibility;
Improvement of performance in sports practice;
Pain relief;
Injury prevention;

However, in order to obtain good results, it is essential that

these exercises should be practiced correctly and in moderation.

6
 THEMAINHEALTHBENEFITSOFSTRETCHINGARE
NEXT

Improves posture
Stretching the body regularly reduces muscle tension, improving the
posture, avoiding the discomfort that could arise from poor posture.

2. They increase flexibility

If the muscles are flexible, performance in daily activities
and during physical activity it is better. In addition, stretching
ajudam a manter e recuperar a flexibilidade, que geralmente diminui com
the age.

3. They allow wide movements

Stretching improves flexibility, which will make it so that, during the
sports practice, if they achieve broader and better movements
balance

4. They help with relaxation

Stretching relieves muscle tension, often responsible for
pain in the back, neck, and head. In addition, stretching relaxes the
body and mind, helping to relieve stress.

5. They activate blood circulation

Stretching increases blood flow to the muscles, which is very
important for recovery after muscle injuries.

7
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

What is the difference between Stretching and Warming Up?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. Cite 4 benefícios do Alongamento.

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3. Realize uma prática de alongamento seguindo as imagens e

then describe how you felt experiencing this moment.

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
https://www.minhavida.com.br/fitness/tudo-sobre/31909-alongamento

https://www.justfit.com.br/blog/beneficios-do-alongamento/

8
EXERCISES
FUNCTIONAL
AT HOME

9
 Functional training is excellent for breaking the routine of the gym.
and the exercise machines. The exercises are motivating, they are challenging and
Those who follow this method have the possibility of achieving functionality.
natural corporal of your organism, besides generating a healthier body and
well conditioned

The exercises are recommended for any individual, of any age, 'from
children to elderly, from athletes to sedentary people.

WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL TRAINING?

Functional training involves exercises to enhance bodily functions.

but more skilled, such as balance, flexibility, strength, motor coordination,
agility and strength.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FUNCTIONAL EXERCISES?

Your goal is to make the body capable of performing movements with the
the best possible competence, as well as strengthening the core which is the region
central to our body. The core muscles are responsible for the strength that
maintains the stability of the lumbar spine and flexibility.

10
 MAIN BENEFITS OF FUNCTIONAL EXERCISES

Functional exercises help with the following aspects:

Development of awareness and body control

Improvement of posture
Improvement of muscle balance
Reduction of injury incidence
Improvement of athletic performance
Joint stability (spine)
Increase in the efficiency of movements
Improvement of strength and motor coordination
Improvement of body laterality
Improvement of flexibility

ADVANTAGES OF EXERCISES
FUNCTIONAL

1- They are natural exercises

Functional exercises are natural movements.
of the human being, such as running, pulling, squatting,
jumping and pushing. In a functional training, many
exercises are performed only with body weight
own body combined with balance.

Functional training is an alternative not

conventional planned to improve the
development of physical abilities
according to the goal of each individual, whether he is a
an athlete or a person who is simply seeking
of due quality

11
They work the body in a way
integrated
In functional training, generally,
One works with various groups
muscular at the same time, and not of
isolated form as in weight training.
In this way, time is gained once
what is possible to work on the perception of
own body, for example, while
lower limbs are required in a
squat

Constant practice develops muscular strength, balance, flexibility, system

cardiorespiratory and motor coordination, with the aim of improving the
physical conditioning in the most basic activities of daily life.

3- Every day a different class!

It is a dynamic activity, as the sequences of exercises of
circuits are different each class. Classes usually run
in the form of a circuit with exercises that develop the abilities
basics. The teacher sets a time for each movement or
a number of repetitions and all students go through all the
stations.
Furthermore, the equipment used is different from traditional ones,
helping to diversify the exercises. In a circuit, there can be
alternative materials were used, such as balls, erasers, tape
suspension, weights, bars, trampolines, cones, among others.

12
They can be done in the gym, in the park, in a group or
individually
The practice of functional exercises can be done anywhere:
at home, on the beach, and even in parks. "Different from weight training, in
What machines and charging batteries are needed in the exercise?
functional with just body weight and some accessories is already
it's possible to do a very complete workout. On the other hand, because they are
free exercises, good guidance becomes even more important
to avoid injuries.

5- They are good for the body and for the mind

The series used in the circuits are

intense and time-limited. This
intensity demand do body
physical conditioning and agility. As for the
a sequence of different exercises requires from
mind concentration and coordination
motor. "When you are doing a
functional exercise, whatever it may be, is
it is necessary to use the body's strength and the
concentration to exercise him as, for
example, the balance on the Swiss ball is
I need to recruit the strength and also the
concentration to not fall.

13
 09 EXERCISES TO DO FUNCTIONAL TRAINING AT HOME

Squat Punchinello I finish with a knee strike

Calf Running in place Squat with

jump

Jumping jacks with Squats with Jump rope

socos false ball

Saying that you don't have time to exercise is no longer an excuse, and
Now that you are in the know about the subject, move the sofa and put it into practice.
the listed exercises! The home functional training can be performed in a few
minutes, daily, and the best part: in the comfort of your home! To
To improve results, it is important to monitor nutrition.
healthy.

Online resources like workout apps can also help,

especially to guide your workouts and pass all the coordinates for the
execution of the movements. The appWorkout, for example, works as an ally
for those who want to exercise at home. Yoga, Pilates, stretching, HIIT, and
functional training is one of the modalities available in the app,
beginner to advanced level.

14
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

What are functional exercises?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. What are the benefits for those who engage in this practice?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Have you already practiced these activities? For what reason?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://www.jasminealimentos.com/estilo-de-vida/exercicios-funcionais/

https://www.atletis.com.br/treino-funcional-casa

https://cuidai.com.br/importancia-exercitar-isolamento-socia

15
CAPABILITIES
PHYSICALS

16
 Physical abilities are important for the life of all people,
as they can help improve overall physical health conditions,
disposition and well-being.

What is physical capacity?

They are defined as any trainable physical attribute in an organism.
human. In other words, they are all the motor physical qualities.
trainable. Physical fitness is the ability to perform
daily activities with tranquility and less effort. There are
two approaches, one is health-related physical fitness and the other
it is related to sports performance.

In sports, they contribute to making practitioners more capable.

(resistant, fast, strong, flexible, agile, coordinated, etc.) and often
they determine who will win a competition.

17
 1. BALANCE
2. RESISTANCE
3. FORCE
PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES
4. AGILITY
5. SPEED
6. MOTOR COORDINATION
7. FLEXIBILITY
RELATED RELATED
HEALTH PERFORMANCE
ATHLETIC

FLEXIBILITY
It is the ability to perform the joint movements in
greatest possible amplitude without causing damage to
joints. It is specific to each exercise, a
an example is the movements of the dances.

AGILITY
It is the ability to change direction quickly.
It is dependent on speed and strength. It is very
used in team sports and in
games of "tag" where the children
they have to escape from the catcher and from burning where not
You can let me take the ball.

FORCE
It is the ability to overcome a certain
resistance through a muscular contraction.
Through her, we are able to lift,
jump, etc.

18
 RESISTANCE
It is the ability to endure and recover from
fatigue, that is, the ability to maintain the
physical effort over a longer period of time.

SPEED
It is the ability to perform vigorous actions.
in a short period of time. This ability
is generally used in activities
interrupted, where there is always an interval
between each action.

BALANCE
It is the physical quality achieved by a
combination of muscle actions with the
purpose of assuming and sustaining the body
on a base, against the law of gravity.

Motor Coordination
It is the physical ability that allows one to perform a
sequence of exercises in a coordinated manner.

19
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

1. What is physical capacity and physical fitness?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. What are the types of physical abilities?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. What physical abilities do you use most in your daily life?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

4. Complete the sentences below with each physical capacity:

- A ____________________ ability to maintain physical effort in a
greater time span. (resistance/speed)
It is the ability to overcome a certain resistance through a
muscle contraction, we are referring to __________________.
force/balance
The _________________________ is the ability to perform the
joints movements in the largest possible range.
(balance/flexibility)

REFERENCES
http://www.saosebastiao.sp.gov.br/ef/pages/Corpo/Capacidades/index.html

http://www.saosebastiao.sp.gov.br/ef/pages/Corpo/Capacidades/index.html

20
FOOD
HEALTHY

21
 A nutrient-rich diet can prevent diseases
such as: hypertension, obesity, diabetes, gastritis, allergies, etc. In addition
this, consuming foods with a large amount of additives
chemicals, hormones, pesticides, among others, can also
cause a series of health risks.

When talking about healthy eating, it seems to be something

very simple, just avoid fats and sugars, and eat salads.
Well, this step is important, but it's not just that.

First of all, let's make it clear that feeding on

a healthy form provides a balance in our body and when
he is in balance, lower the risk of suffering infections and
inflammations, maintaining a high level of defense and protection.

When we invest in food, we don't need to invest that much

in medicines, therefore, the main fact is this: the maintenance of
health
DO YOU KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOOD AND NUTRITION
Well, nutrition is the act of nourishing oneself, that is, the act
to consume foods, while nutrition is the set of
processes by which the organism uses the energy from food,
as well as transforming them into components that will be part of
own organism to ensure its development and its
maintenance. Food is a source of matter and energy for our
organism. In our cells, chemical reactions occur.
responsible for the use and transformation of this material.

22
 Each person and each sport has needs
different foods, therefore, there is no formula that
it works equally for all athletes. However, some
information can serve as a basis for all people who
want to have a healthy diet and better performance
in sports.

CLASSIFICATION OF FOODS

IN NATURAL
These are food products of plant origin or
animals that are consumed in their state
natural, they are distributed or consumed
without being subjected to any
transformation or processing. Ex: fruits,
vegetables, eggs, meat, and coconut water.

PROCESSED FOOD
It is the food that is commercially prepared,
many times through processing, for
optimize the ease of consumption and make them
more attractive to the consumer. They are
made from the addition of salt or sugar.
bread, pickled vegetables and fruits in
broth.

ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD
They are those who have gone through the most.
industrial processing. In general, they have
high addition of sugars, fats, substances
synthesized in the laboratory and, mainly,
preservatives. For example: soda, pasta
instant and stuffed.

23
 You have the concern to observe the information of
packaging of each food that you consume?

Reading food labels is an important source

of information about what we are consuming. It is in it that
we found the ingredients, expiration date, and information
nutritional value of a certain food.

METABOLISM
Metabolism is the set of chemical processes
responsible for the transformation and use of matter by
organisms. Metabolism can be divided into two processes:

▪ Anabolism: process of building substances used

for the growth and repair of bodily losses.
▪ Catabolism: the process of breaking down substances, releasing energy.
energy needed for the functions of the organism.

A part of the food is used to build the body of the

living beings; another part is used as a source of energy for the
activities of the organism. Changes in metabolism such as the
increase in anabolism and decrease in catabolism can be
responsible for the weight gain process, as well as the
nutritional deficiency leads to an increase in the catabolism process
so that the person can lose weight.

24
 NUTRITION X SPORTS
One of the main fuels for the practice of activity
Physics is a proper nutrition. In addition to providing energy, the
fundamental nutrients can contribute to a better
performance and performance.

Think of an athlete who practices table tennis and another who practices
marathon

Do you think they should have the same diet?

Or should it vary according to the body structure of
each athlete? Does each sport have a different performance?
Do men and women need to eat the same way?

A poorly nourished athlete will have a higher risk of falling

performance, dehydration, loss of muscle mass, drop of
immune system and increased lesions.

Proper nutrition is one of the keys to success in

competitions, as it has already been proven that nutrition affects the
performance of athletes. And it is not enough to eat healthy foods.
only during the competition season. Athletes should be concerned
with that every day, throughout the entire training period and
preparation.

25
 NUTRIENTS IN FOODS

A balanced diet that includes the nutrients

Necessary for athletes should contain foods from all groups
food mentioned above. This recommendation also applies to
who is not an athlete, after all, a balanced diet
favors the health of everyone.

➢ Macronutrients are nutrients that help provide energy.

and the organism needs them in large quantities. Water,
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are classified as
macronutrients.
➢ Micronutrients are minerals and vitamins. The organism
needs micronutrients in smaller amounts if
compared to macronutrients. Its main function is
facilitate the chemical reactions that occur in the body. The
Vitamins, for example, are essential for the functioning of
metabolism and regulation of cellular function.

FUNCTION
Carbohydrates: main source of energy. E.g.: pasta, pie, and rice.
Proteínas:promovem reparo e construção. Ex: ovo, leite e carnes.
Lipids: extra source of energy. Ex: sweets, savory snacks, and oils.
Minerals: balance the vital functions. E.g.: calcium, iron, and potassium.
Vitamins: stimulate chemical functions. E.g.: Vitamin C, D, and E.

26
 FIXATIONACTIVITY
What is the difference between Food and Nutrition?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What are the classifications of foods?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Metabolism can be divided into two processes, define

each.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. What is the importance of a good diet?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. Relacione a coluna 1 para cada tipo de alimento na coluna 2:

Carbohydrate ( ) egg
( P ) Protein bean
(L) Lipids milk
( ) butter
fish
REFERENCES
https://siteantigo.portaleducacao.com.br/conteudo/artigos/biologia/nutricao-e-metabolismo-
do-you-know-what-the-difference-is-between-diet-and-nutrition/67408

https://www.wickbold.com.br/alimentacao-no-esporte/

https://alimentacaoemfoco.org.br/nutrientes-e-suas-funcoes/

27
STRENGTHENING
THE SYSTEM
IMMUNOLOGICAL

28
 STRENGTHENING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

We are constantly exposed to all kinds of diseases. A

a simple oversight can be enough for the immune system to fail
account to close all the "doors" of our body, which are susceptible to
any infection or virus. That is why it is very important to be aware of
habits that can safeguard our immunity against any complications.

To strengthen the immune system, preventing development

of some diseases and help the body react to those that already exist
they manifested, it is important to eat more foods rich in vitamins and
minerals, reduce the consumption of sources of fat, sugar and
industrialized, with dyes and preservatives, and it may be recommended to take
medications or supplements that boost immunity.

In addition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is also one of the

best strategies to maintain the body's natural defense system
always strong and efficient and that is why it is recommended not to smoke, eat
healthy foods, practicing light or moderate physical exercises
regular form, have the proper weight, sleep 7 to 8 hours a night, avoid
stress and consume alcoholic beverages in moderation. These habits
should be followed by everyone throughout life, not only in moments
in which the person finds themselves sick or prone to illness.

29
 WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

The body reacts daily to attacks from bacteria, viruses and

other microbes, through the immune system. The system
immunological, also called the immune system, is what ensures
protection to our body, preventing foreign substances and
pathogens negatively affect our health. It is a complex system
that involves a series of cells and organs that function together,
like a great barrier of protection.

Among the defense cells are, for example, T-lymphocytes.

CD4+, main targets of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, and HTLV, the virus.
causing another type of sexually transmitted disease.

It is these white blood cells that organize and command the

response in the face of aggressors. Produced in the thymus gland, they
they learn to memorize, recognize and destroy microorganisms
strangers that enter the human body.

30
 IMPORTANT TIPS TO STRENGTHEN
IMMUNE SYSTEM

Stay hydrated. It is important to drink fluids.

constantly, even before feeling thirsty.
The intake of water improves endurance.
physics and removes impurities from the body,
preventing diseases. By exercising
Physicists, rehydrate even more, if possible.
with coconut water or isotonic drinks, but without
exaggerate and never leave the water aside.

Have a healthy diet

Maintaining a diet that includes all the
food groups are fundamental
to strengthen immunity.
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
vitamins and minerals cannot
missing in the daily diet.

Stay away from vices Avoid vices, such as

alcohol and tobacco significantly increase
immunity. "These vices are extremely
harmful, not only to our system
immune, like for several others
systems of our body.

31
Take care of your hygiene. We are exposed.
Viruses and Bacteria 24 hours a day, in
all the places we frequent.
Habits - how to wash hands before
handle food, to take them to the mouth
and in the eyes and always after driving
you should use public transportation
be taken into account. Upon arriving at
house, it's worth taking a shower to send
all the impurities away.

Have a good night's sleep

the functions of sleep is strengthening
of the immune system. In this way,
an individual who has a sleep
suitable will certainly be more
protected, preventing viral diseases. A
produced melatonin while
we sleep is responsible for
strengthening the immune system.

Do exercises The recommendation of

specialists are the practice of an activity
routine physics that brings pleasure, always
taking care with excesses: "A
intense physical activity can cause the effect
opposite, lowering immunity due to fatigue
muscular and even mental." If time is short,
include physical exercise in your routine, such as
use the stairs instead of the elevator or
walk after lunch.
Hey, ready to strengthen your health?

32
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

What is the immune system and what is its function in the human body?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Why should we strengthen our immune system?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. What are the ways to strengthen the immune system?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4. Have you been worried about your health? What ways are you ...
looking to strengthen your immune system?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://www.tuasaude.com/como-aumentar-o-sistema-imunologico

https://www.clinicaceu.com.br/blog/dicas-para-fortalecer-a-imunidade/

http://www.aids.gov.br/pt-br/publico-geral/o-que-e-hiv/o-que-e-sistema-imunologico

33
QUALITY
DE
LIFE

34
 There is much talk today about the importance of quality of life. But,
Have you ever stopped to ask yourself what it means? And this question.
leads us to another: do you have quality of life?

The term quality of life means the balance between

different factors that encompass life in its daily routine, the
the main ones are: physical health, mental health, and social relationships (family,
friends and work).

There are some habits that are important to adopt.

in day-to-day life, because neglecting one of them means a loss in
relation to well-being and health in general.
According to the World Health Organization, quality of
life is the individual's perception of his insertion in life,
context of the culture and value systems in which he lives and in
relação aos seus objetivos, expectativas, padrões epreocupações”.

Involve well this spiritual, physical, mental, psychological

emotional, beyond social relationships, such as family and
friends and also health, education, housing, basic sanitation and
other circumstances of life.

The achievement of quality of life is not a goal

unattainable. It may even be much simpler than it seems. It requires,
naturally, some changes, but with benefits that we
they drive the desire to move forward.

35
QUALITY OF LIFE AND MENTAL HEALTH

The World Health Organization (WHO) understands health

as a state of complete physical well-being and
mental”. It has increasingly been understood and studied.
the importance of mental health, often neglected
to the detriment of other spheres of life.

Modern life is marked by a lack of time, by pressure.

for results, stress, etc. Thus, seek habits that do you good
and that bring pleasure has never been so important, as they assist in
management of your emotions.

At times, taking care of mental health makes the

professional help, a psychologist or psychiatrist, necessary, but
simple habits in daily life already help with this purpose.

Physical activity, for example, makes its practitioners more

willing to face the challenges of everyday life and improve the
humor, in addition to the feeling of well-being that the release of endorphins
cause in the body.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIAL RELATIONS

Social relationships are understood here in

its broader aspect, as it leads to
consideration of the personal, family and
professional. As we said at the beginning, the
relationship between quality of life factors
are interconnected.

For example, impaired mental health

it will harm personal and professional relationships, since
these require the exchange of emotions with other people and the
facing goals, deadlines, or unforeseen events.

36
 In the same way, the lack of investment in physical health may
cause emotional harm, such as anxiety, low self-esteem,
lack of disposition, etc.

For example, participate inrunning groups, allied to a

healthy eating will allow you to forget a little about the
work problems and will enable the increase of your cycle of
friendship. In addition, of course, to the benefits for physical health.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND PHYSICAL WELL-BEING

Improving the quality of life implies, first of all,

adopt healthy habits. Replace a sedentary routine with
the practice of physical exercises is, thus, the first measure of
who wants to live better.

In addition to the benefits for the body (blood pressure control

arterial, respiratory capacity and cholesterol levels, among
others), a walk or light run at the end of the day is excellent
to recover the mood, chase away stress, and clear the mind.
Adopting a more balanced diet is another attitude
positive when one is seeking quality of
life. Try to reduce the 'weight' of your plate,
choosing healthy, natural foods. Give a
time in soft drinks and processed foods;
replace them with a good salad, fruits and a
menu richer in fibers.

The change will not only impact the balance: you will
will feel more willing and with self-esteem up high. And not
forget to drink plenty of water!

37
BENEFITS OF A HEALTHIER LIFE

The human body is prone to a series of interferences.

from the external environment, what can contribute to causing discomfort and
other negative symptoms for health. Therefore, it is essential
to observe if the routine or the recurring lack of time contributes to
the worsening of the situation.

On the other hand, including positive habits in the day

day provides numerous benefits for achieving a more
healthy. For example, the individual who takes better care of themselves can
significantly reduce costs with hospitals and exams,
improve interpersonal relationships, acquire more
longevity and prevention against diseases.

Not to mention that it is possible to achieve and maintain a balance in

regarding physical and emotional aspects. In this way, a person
more aware and attentive to one's own well-being also manages
leading a quieter life, even being an example for
who is around you.

38
 HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFE

Avoid excessive stress

The hectic and committed life that many people lead

ending up generating excessive stress. The problem is that this
it can worsen health and generate numerous negative consequences
for physical and psychological well-being, such as the emergence of pain
muscular pain and the famous insomnia.

In these moments, it's necessary to set aside a moment for oneself.

breathe deeply and understand what can be improved so that the
stress doesn't take over. Whenever you feel troubled and
pressured by the demands of routine, look for activities
calm and invigorating. Spending time with family or doing a
A short walk in a park is a good choice.

Sweet Sleep

Sleeping well is vital for the body to rest and have

enough energy to face another day. In addition, a night
well-slept sleep contributes to the regeneration of cells and of
organism as a whole, promoting more mental health and
combating various types of diseases.

Avoid using electronics before bed and have a routine

calm through the night. Remember that, the next day, you will have more
clarity and energy to make the most of the day and fulfill tasks.

39
3. Eat quality food

One of the most fundamental steps to have a more fulfilled life

healthy is to have a balanced, fresh, and rich diet
in nutrients. Ideally, it is also important to avoid overeating and
overloading your digestive system, as this influences
directly the energy level of the body.

The recommendation is to vary the foods, but always

prioritizing nutritional quality. Meals should be
balanced, containing beneficial properties and vitamins, that
they help in the proper functioning of the body.

4. Engage in physical activities

Physical practices are essential to achieve a

healthy level. Sedentarism, on the other hand, favors the
appearance of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to diabetes,
obesity, depression, and anxiety.

Get used to walking every day, even if it's just for a short time.
minutes, or try visiting the gym more often. Sports
in groups are also excellent options and improve the
socialization. The important thing is to move the body and strengthen the
organism, essential factors for achieving quality of life
well-being.

40
5. Make time for yourself

In addition to physical health, it is essential to also take care of

mental health. Meditation is a very useful tool and
beneficial for observing the flow of thoughts and learning to cope
with the agitation of the outside world. You can start slowly,
with 10 to 15 minutes daily. Currently, there are even
mobile apps with guided meditations.

Another alternative is to do pleasurable things and that

allow for relaxation. Cooking, listening to music, spending time
with friends and family, having more leisure time.

6. Be positive

Being optimistic in the face of life and people makes the individual
stronger and more aware of its role in the world, and this mentality
significantly contributes to feeling happier and healthier.
You can, for example, set aside a moment of the day to
to be grateful for the things you already have and to seek, whenever possible,
help those in need.

Maintaining habits for a healthy life is the desire of many

people. If this is your case, know that you can start with
small changes in the routine today! Remember that the
positive practices contribute to achieving more harmony and
balance, making your life much more pleasant and peaceful.

41
 ATIVIDADE DE FIXAÇÃO
What does it mean to have quality of life?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What does the term 'Quality of Life' mean?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. What are the benefits for people seeking a good quality

of life? Cite at least 3.

•______________________________________________________
•______________________________________________________
•_______________________________________________________

4. How can we improve our health:

Physics:______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Mental:_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Social:_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
http://runefunbh.com.br/understand-the-importance-of-quality-of-life/

6 habits for a healthy life

it's-a-better-quality-of-life/

https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/dicas/260_qualidade_de_vida

42
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
E
MENTAL HEALTH

43
 This class reflects theoretically on the
the relationship between physical activity and health
mental. The aim is to highlight the benefits of
practicing exercises in promoting mental health.

There is evidence that physical activity acts

in the improvement of self-esteem, self-concept,
body image, cognitive functions and
socialization, in reducing stress and the
anxiety. The adoption of healthy behaviors is
the main path to optimizing mental health.

The contemporary man makes less and less use of his

bodily potentialities, and the low level of physical activity is a factor
decisive in the development of degenerative diseases.

WHAT IS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?

A (AF) is "any bodily movement produced by the activation of the

skeletal muscles resulting in a substantial increase in energy expenditure
above resting metabolism

44
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the individual must carry out
some physical activity at least three times a week, in your free time,
with a minimum duration of 30 minutes.

45
 THE ACTION OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON FUNCTION
COGNITIVE

Ina benchmark study23

healthy women, aged between
60 and 70 years old, did an hour of
walking three times a week,
together with exercises of
stretching and flexibility.

After six months, improvements in attention levels were recorded.

memory, agility, and humor pattern in comparison to the group of
control with 17 sedentary women.

46
 ACTION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Endorphin: hormone produced in the

pituitary gland and that generates sensation
of reward and well-being in
organism. It is produced in large
quantity in pleasurable activities
and is associated with relaxation, relief
the generalized contentment. Upon being
released in the body, endorphin
increases physical and mental disposition
of the individual and improves resistance
immunological.

Serotonin: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that acts in the brain with

function to regulate mood, sleep, appetite, heart rate, temperature
corporal, sensitivity to pain, movements and intellectual functions. Serotonin is
known as the "feel-good hormone"

Growth hormone: The growth hormone is a stimulant.

directly to lipolysis, that is, it helps in fat burning and is responsible for
growth of tissues in the body, it helps people to achieve the
appropriate adult height for your genetics.

Adrenaline: Responsible for the release of

blood glucose and by the increase in the rate
metabolic, adrenaline is released during the
physical activity so that the body is fit in
response that the exercises will provoke. She
helps us stay alert, increases frequency
cardiac and accelerates calorie burning, so it is
a great hormone for those who wish
lose weight.

47
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

What is the definition of Physical Activity?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What is the WHO recommendation regarding the practice of Activity

Physics?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Find in the word search the hormones released through the

physical activity practice: (The words in this word search are hidden in the
horizontal, vertical and diagonal, with words in reverse.

REFERENCES
https://www.treinus.com.br/blog/tipos-de-hormonios

http://globoesporte.globo.com/ce/noticia/2017/02/como-os-hormonios-sao-estimulados-no-
our-body-through-physical-activity.html

48
GAMES
POPULAR

49
 Do you know what Popular Games are? How
will arise?
What did you play with in your childhood?

Some games are so old that even the ancient kings

They must have entered the circle in Rome. To remember childhood and
taking a trip through history, let's learn what they are
popular games and see how some of them originated.

WHAT ARE:

The popular or folkloric games, also

known as street or traditional games, are games
born from popular culture. ... Born in popular culture,
they do not have fixed rules, so their rules can be
created or modified by the groups.
Traditional games and play have different origins.
They come from the peoples that gave rise to our nation (the indigenous,
the white, the black), as well as from other distant lands. But
unfortunately, in an increasingly urbanized world,
industrialized and computerized, the trend is that many of the
traditional games and play are losing space in preferences
infants.

50
 However, some have immense cultural value, as the place of these
play has already been guaranteed in the traditional culture of childhood and
two adults, like the shuttlecock, hopscotch, the ciranda, the kite and the
cat's cradle, but besides these we have several other games
popular ones that you may already know.

Brazil is the setting for a series of traditional games for

children, both indoors and outdoors. Like most
of the countries in the world, the most well-known games of children
are quite simple and do not require any type of equipment
the special training for participation, and may coincide with
games played in other countries such as hide and seek,
tag, hopscotch, five stones, blind man's buff, and shuttlecock,
among others.

Discover now the origin of

some games
popular

51
 blind goat

It's probably been a while since you've seen anyone playing.

of blind goat around there. But if you want to revive the tradition, just
get a piece of cloth and gather the group: the blind goat of
round must be blindfolded and try to find the companions of
joke; when bumping into someone, you should guess who it is.
If a person gets it right, this one becomes the blindfolded goat. It is believed.
what game, which was already popular among the kids, was
originated during the Zhou Dynasty, in China, around the year 500 BC.

JOQUEMPÔ
ROCK, PAPER AND SCISSORS

The jukumpo has accumulated millennia of tradition. The

the first records that exist of the game are in the book
Wuzazu, written during the Han Dynasty, between the years 206
220 AD. In the 17th century, the game with the elements that
what we know today was already popular in China and Japan, and in the century
20 had already spread around the world.

52
EVEN OR ODD
The game is a variation of Morra, a game created in Rome.
Ancient and popular to this day, especially in Italy. In the game
since ancient times, participants used to gather in a circle and
show between 0 to 5 fingers of one hand – the challenge was
guess the total sum of the wheel and whoever shouted the number first would win
faster.

Tic-Tac-Toe
To have fun in the Roman Empire, one of the games most
popular was the good old Tic-Tac-Toe: marks of the matrices
of three rows and three columns, dating from the year 1 B.C.
found in various places in Rome. But it is believed that the
game, whose objective is to complete a line of three circles first
or you that is in sequence, may have an even more distant origin.

53
YELLOWISH
It is believed that hopscotch was invented by the
Romans - engravings show children playing hopscotch
in the marble pavilions on the streets of ancient Rome. But the
first references to the game that have confirmed records
data from the 17th century.

OTHER POPULAR GAMES

Queimada The children can play

Burnt in a large backyard, in a block
of sports, within the condominium and even
even at the beach. The ideal is at least 8
children from six years of age.
burning stimulates agility, speed,
look, attention and cooperation.

Tug of War The games of our

childhood stimulates the rhythm, the work in
team and other benefits. The Cabo of
War stimulates agility, the
physical conditioning, strength, the
resistance, cooperation, resistance and
improves socialization among children.

54
Hide and seekPlaying hide and seek
hide involves several children,
one of them, drawn or
will seek the others after
count to 20 or 30. The good thing is that if
you can play at home on a rainy day,
at school or in other places.

More and more it is common to see

children playing with tablets and
smartphones. It is up to parents and educators
encourage children to play in
group to promote socialization of the
children. One of these games is the
Pass ring.

Hot potato The children's games that make

Many are part of our childhood.
Playing Hot Potato is very fun
and, besides being cheap, children from
four years can already play.

Pula SelaEvery child likes to

to play, and when it manages to gather
friends of the same age at the party
it is complete. One of the games
one of the most traditional is the Pula-Sela.

55
 Dead-alive The games of our
childhood is unforgettable. In Brazil,
even with the emergence of new ones
technologies and the growing increase of
tablets and smartphones, the children
we continue enjoying some
games that pass from generation to generation
in generation.
FIXATION ACTIVITY

1. What games did you enjoy playing in your childhood?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. What are Popular Games?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. List the games that you already knew.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. Why are popular games nowadays becoming
extinguished from the lives of children?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://super.abril.com.br/blog/superlistas/conheca-a-origem-de-6-brincadeiras-populares/

https://br.guiainfantil.com/materias/cultura-e-lazer/jogosbrincadeiras-mais-populares-no-
brazil-for-children/

https://sme.goiania.go.gov.br/conexaoescola/eaja/jogos-ou-brincadeiras-populares/

56
GYMNASTICS

57
 The development of Physical Education within the school context is a
a story that can be told through political, social, and
economic aspects of Brazilian society. Its implementation began in a
distant period, in the times when Empress Maria Leopoldina lived
in Brazil (1817-1826).

In the 19th century, two methods of gymnastics were used: in one, the
students in the classroom, between the desks, were doing localized exercises
aimed at improving health; the other, called "German gymnastics," was
introduced in 1852, with the purpose of providing physical conditioning to
male students.

THE EMERGENCE OF GYMNASTICS

Gymnastics effectively developed in ancient Greece, the

starting from the exercises that the soldiers practiced, including skills and
also acrobatics.

The word Gymnastics came from the Greek Gymnastiké, which is the art of
to strengthen the body and also give it agility. It became a sport
Olympic starting from Greece, as the Greeks began to use in
Athens Olympics in the year 1896, but only for men. And it was in
In 1928, women's participation was allowed in Amsterdam.

58
 WHAT IS GYMNASTICS?

Gymnastics is a set of movements that a person performs while practicing.

this technique. Aims to strengthen or provide more elasticity through
specialized exercises.

Gymnastics is divided into categories, the competitive ones where there is

competition, like in the Olympics, and also non-competitive ones, like
as practiced in gyms. Gymnastics is often sought for
who wants to improve the body, lose weight or even strengthen the
muscles and also improve mental enhancement in the form of
relax the mind.

AMONG THE COMPETITORS ARE:

Acrobatic gymnastics: what it has

Artistic gymnastics: it is also a
with the aim of performing acrobatics of
the way to have strength, balance
way to have skill, and skill, an example, is the horse
strength, balance, flexibility and of straps;
it is also done in teams;

Trampoline Gymnastics: in thisRhythmic gymnastics: this modality

one and two are used in modality involves movements in the shape of
trampolines for one or two athletes dance in various types and
that must perform a series of difficulties and also with the
ten elements; use of small equipment;

59
AMONG THE NON-COMPETITIVES ARE:

Contortionism: what
Workplace gymnastics: generally
consiste em exercitar
flexibility movements practiced in the workplace
few common and for employees, during working hours
it is usually used more at work, to avoid injuries from
in circus shows; repetitive efforts;

Brain gymnasium:
practiced through
Hydrotherapy: improves the
exercises and movements
aerobic capacity and
body coordinates that,
cardiorespiratory and how the
executed in a way the name already says it's a gymnastics
appropriate, access and
practiced in water
stimulate specific parts
of the brain;

Localized gym exercises: they are

the exercises done in gyms that
help physical conditioning and
also to lose weight and for some
also muscle strengthening;

60
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

In the 19th century, what was the purpose of German Gymnastics in schools?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What is the origin of Gymnastics?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. What is the concept of Gymnastics?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. Quais tipos de ginástica, defina por competitivas e não competitivas.

Competitive Non-Competitive

REFERENCES
https://www.infoescola.com/educacao-fisica/ginastica/

https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/educacao-fisica/ginastica.htm

GYMNASTICS IN ANCIENT PHYSICAL EDUCATION

61
 GAMES
INDIGENOUS

62
 Whenever we think of a type of sports competition,
we think about the World Cup, the Olympics, and even about something of ours
the country participates very little, like in the winter Olympics. However, never
we imagine the games of indigenous peoples.

Organized by the Intertribal Indigenous Committee, with support from

Ministry of Sports, the Indigenous Peoples' Games have the
the following motto: 'What is important is not to compete, but to celebrate.'
the proposal is recent, since the first edition of the games took place in
1996, and aims to integrate the different tribes,
as well as the rescue and celebration of these traditional cultures.

LET'S GO BACK A BIT IN HISTORY

The earliest news about Physical Education in the land

Brazilian data from the year of its discovery, 1500. This fact is due to
to the account of Pero Vaz de Caminha, who in one of his letters,
that tell of indigenous people dancing, jumping, spinning and being
cheerful to the sound of a harmonica played by a Portuguese, this was
certainly the first class of gymnastics and recreation reported in
Brazil.

63
 In general, it is known that physical activities
carried out by the indigenous people during the colonial period of Brazil, were
related to aspects of primitive culture. Having as
characteristics of natural stamping elements (such as games,
hunting, fishing, swimming and locomotion), utility (such as the
enhancement of hunting, agricultural activities, etc.
warriors (protection of their lands); recreational and religious
(such as dances, thanks to the gods, parties,
performances, etc.

THE MODALITIES COMPETED IN THE INDIGENOUS GAMES

VARIAM UM POUCO ENTRE OS TORNEIOS, MAS BASICAMENTE
THE FOLLOWING ARE:

BOW AND ARROW

Indigenous peoples used this instrument a lot as a weapon.
of war. Currently, it is used for hunting, fishing, and rituals, and
it has also become a sporting practice, being contested
between villages and even with non-Indigenous people.
TEST: Each delegation can register two participants
different, each with the right to three shots. The target is located at
a distance of 30 meters and is marked by the drawing of a
fish.

64
Tug of War
A modality practiced to measure physical strength, tug of war.
it is very accepted among the ethnic groups participating in all editions
of the Games, as an exciting attraction that evokes a reaction
of the indigenous fans and the general public. It allows for
demonstration of the set of physical and technical strength that each
team has.
TEST: Each delegation may register a maximum of two.
equipes (masculina e feminina), compostas de 10 atletas e dois
reservations.

Canoeing
The canoe is used as a means of transportation and for fishing.
being essential in the lives of the Indians. Naturally, each people has
a way to manufacture it.
TEST: Each delegation must register a team of 02 (two)
athletes. The event will take place in a river or open lake, the location of which
specific, distance and route will be defined by the Commission
Técnica e divulgados posteriormente no Congresso Técnico. Será
allowed for competitors to preview the course
and the canoes.

65
ATHLETICS (100 METERS)
The Indians have always been interested in working on their physical preparation.
With this, they become true competitors, adapting and
learning, with nature, to hunt and fish, wandering
great distances, crossing lakes and rivers in search of
food.

TEST: The execution of this modality

went through various experiences of
adaptation for the definition of your
format. It was concluded that
100 meters dash (male and
(female), as ideal for the model
of the Indigenous Peoples' Games.

RACE WITH TORA

The race with Tora is always
made at dawn and at
sunset. The races coming from
forums usually take place in
at the end of the afternoons.

TEST: The logs, made of buriti,

and with a mass of around 100 Kg,
they must be loaded by the team
when traveling a distance
pre-determined. For a
competition, each team must
register ten participants.

66
HEAD SOCCER
This sport is also known as headed football.
place of the kick, the ball is pushed with the head of the
participants. The game is played by teams of ten athletes in
a field with dimensions similar to that of soccer.

SOCCER
TEST: Sport already inserted in the context
cultural of various indigenous groups, being
unanimity in games is practiced by
female and male athletes. The rules
are governed by the General Instructions of the Games and
obeys the standard of the Confederation
Brazilian Football, except for the playing time,
which is 50 min, divided into two halves of
25 minutes each, with a 10-minute break

SPEAR THROW
Several indigenous ethnic groups are familiar with this weaponry, possessing
different techniques for making spears. The production of each
The spear depends on the purpose it is intended for.
EVENT: The Javelin Throw is an individual event held
only by men. In the Games, the scoring is done
according to the distance achieved, that is, the one who wins
reach greater distance.

67
 MMA
The physical struggle of the indigenous peoples of Xingu and the Bakairi Indians,
from Mato Grosso, the Huka Huka, begins with the athletes kneeling.
PROOF: The desire to hold a fighting competition
the presence of bodies in the Games is significant, but it is very unlikely due to the
great diversity of fighting styles and techniques. Some ethnic groups
standing up, others kneeling on the ground, like the Huka Huka. By
that's right, only demonstrations of the existing fights are made in the
Brazilian indigenous culture.

SWIMMING
The life relationship of Indigenous peoples will always be connected to water.
The first hour of an indigenous baby's life begins with its
first dive; in a river or lake by your mother.
TEST: Currently, the half-distance and endurance test is
carried out in open waters, which is within the indigenous context, and is
practiced by female and male athletes.

68
 SLINGSHOT
It is a homemade weapon, resembling a long tube, with
approximately 2.5 m long, made of wood, with
a hole where a small arrow is inserted,
approximately 15 cm.
PROOF: It is an individual demonstration carried out by the ethnic groups.
Matis and Kokamas. In the presentation, it is positioned 20 or 30 m
of the adapted target, a watermelon hanging on a tripod. The proof
it consists of hitting the target as many times as possible.

RÕKRÃ
Played on a field similar in size to that of football. If
develops between two teams of 10 or more athletes each
side, where everyone uses a kind of staff (stick), whose
the objective is to hit a small ball (coconut), which when it surpasses
the baseline of your opponent, scores a point. According to
with information from the Kayapós, this sport was no longer
being practiced due to its violence, which caused serious
contusions in the competitors.

69
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

When did the Indigenous Games emerge?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. Which entities organize the Games?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3. What did the Indians do during the Colonial period of Brazil, that
does it match with corporate practices?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

4. What events are part of the Indigenous Games?

_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________

REFERENCES
http://www.educacaofisica.seed.pr.gov.br/modules/conteudo/conteudo.php?conteudo=218

http://globoesporte.globo.com/to/noticia/2015/10/meet-16-disciplines-of-the-games-
world-indigenous-peoples.html

https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/educacao-fisica/jogos-dos-povos-indigenas.htm

70
71
 The Olympics, or Olympic Games, take place on the days of
today one of the most popular and prestigious events in the whole
world. This popularity and prestige are due to the great
connection that the Olympics have with the mass of viewers that
they attend the competitions both in person at the stadiums
and arenas as much as by television. However, the history of the games
Olympic is somewhat complex. The image we have of them today in
was built from the end of the 19th century, but its origins
I go back to the ancient past.

ORIGIN OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

The Olympics originated around the 8th century B.C., in

context of ancient Hellas, that is, the set of city-states of
Classical Greece. The holding of the games took place in the city of
Olympia—hence the name "Olympics"—where the citizens
from other cities they pilgrimed in order to participate in the
competitions. The first athlete to win an event in Olympia
it would have been Corobeus, in 776 BC - the event was a race

72
 Within the mythological tradition, the Olympic games were created
by the hero Hercules, son of the god Zeus with a mortal. Hercules was
thank you for goddess Hera to perform twelve labors considered
impossible. The fifth of these jobs consisted of cleaning the pens of the
reiÁugias, which contained thousands of animals and had not been cleaned for more than
30 years. After achieving the feat, Hercules decided to inaugurate a
sports festival in Olímpia. This mythical explanation organized the
understanding that was had about Olympic sport at the time. Whenever
the games were open, there was a whole rite of animal sacrifice to Zeus
and each competition had some relation to the worship in each measure
this divinity.

ANCIENT SPORTS MODES

Among the sports practiced in the ancient Olympics,

there were the races, called dromos, and their modalities.
In some of them, the athlete had to run about 190 meters.
dressed in the armor and weapons of a hoplite (soldier of
front line of the combats). In terms of races, there was
also the big quadrigas. The first ones were cars of
fights pulled by two horses; the second ones, by four
horses. There was still opéntatlhon (similar to the current pentathlon),
that brought together five sports:

jump discus throw

3)lançamento de dardo, 4) corrida
fight.

73
 RESTORATION OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN MODERNITY

In the ancient world, the Olympics fell into oblivion.

for centuries. Other sports were developing in
interior of each civilization, but there was nothing that had the
scope of the celebration of the Olympic games. The restoration
the sports practices at a festival like the old ones
The Olympics was only established in the 1890s by an aristocrat and
Swiss educator named Pierre de Frédy, better known
like Baron de Coubertin.

Baron de Coubertin believed that the practice of sports

should be encouraged in contemporary society, especially
among the youth. Moreover, it was interesting that there was a
international organization of sports games that would help to
promote "peace among nations", since that context (of
transition from the 20th century to the 21st century) was loaded with
rivalries among imperialist powers.

74
 OPENING OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN THE MODERN ERA

On April 6, 1896,
were inaugurated the
first Olympic Games
from the Modern Era.

The improvised phrase of the king

George I of Greece
I declare open the
first Olympic Games
in Athens) became
registered trademark for all
the opening ceremonies
following.
In Athens, women were still prohibited from
compete. 285 athletes from 13 countries participated in the
athletics, cycling, wrestling, fencing competitions (it was the only one
that admitted professionals at the time), gymnastics,
weightlifting, swimming, and tennis.

PRESENT MODALITIES

75
 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

The Olympic Games are important mainly because of

We will awaken the interest of the population in sports practices.
the habit of practicing a sport regularly brings numerous
benefits for both the body and the mind. In addition,
send a message of unity among nations. Even if they
they compete against each other, but there is a spirit of brotherhood among the athletes.

CURIOSITIES

Each arch symbolizes a continent;

Women were only allowed to compete in the Games.
Olympics in 1900;
The Olympic Torch is lit in an old-fashioned way.
ceremony at the temple of Hera in Greece: Actresses, wearing
Greek priestess costumes use a mirror and the rays.
from the sun to light the torch;
The 2016 Games were held in Rio de Janeiro;
•The Paralympic Games and Games were also created
Winter;

76
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

1. Where did the Olympics originate and in what year were they held?
the first exams?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. What events make up the Pentathlon?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3. Who recreated the Modern Olympic Games?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

4. Name 5 events from the Olympics?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

5. What is the importance of the Olympic Games?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/educacao-fisica/historia-das-
The Olympics originated from the ancient Greek cities.
Highlight of Classical Greece.

https://www.dw.com/en/1896-first-olympic-games-of-the-modern-era/a-
On April 6, 1896, then,
The Modern Era Olympic Games were inaugurated.
An improvised phrase from the king, the opening ceremonies
0 following.

77
Education
Physics and
Bullying

78
 At school, in the family, or even at work. Bullying can occur.
in various scenarios and at any age. Many people imagine that
it always has the same 'face', but the truth is that there are
different types of bullying

Por isso, é muito importante se informar sobre como o problema

occurs, as well as ways to prevent and treat cases - whether it is your
child the victim or even the aggressor.

REAL CASE

While Physical Education can awaken in students

feelings of cooperativism, camaraderie, and inclusion...

...on the other hand, tends to create situations of competitiveness, aggressiveness and
discrimination among which bullying practices can arise,
especially regarding overweight students or those with limited skills
in sports.

But what is the role of the Physical Education Teacher in order to

prevent this from happening? This work, however much it involves the entire
school community, but it is in Physical Education classes that it exists.
particularities. In any collective activity, it is only possible to achieve
the goals are for everyone to present different skills that united
they will form a team.

79
WE WILL ALSO PRESENT 8 TYPES OF BULLYING PRACTICED
IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

Verbal Bullying
It's the jokes, the gossip... It's the most common type of bullying. There are those who
claim that verbal bullying is just a joke or play, but it is very
it's easy to differentiate one from the other - if the victim doesn't find it funny and suffers,

we are talking about bullying.

Moral or Emotional Bullying

They are malicious nicknames. They are not provocations, but
two famous nicknames that attack the victim's feelings. I, for
for example, it was called Giraffe Neck in adolescence, hahaha.
Think and soon you will remember many people who are called with
nicknames that highlight, in a pejorative way, some characteristic (like
"four eyes"

Psychological Bullying
Among the verbal and moral types is psychological bullying, whose main
A characteristic is to make the person always feel guilty.
Unfortunately, it can happen even in a relationship between parents and children. To pursue,
to frighten, to terrorize, to manipulate, to intimidate, to dominate, to blackmail or
colleague.

80
Physical Bullying
This bullying brings physical harm to the victim, who may get beaten up, be
seizing, biting or suffering any other type of violent act. For what
physical bullying becomes an aggression (with punishment provided by law,
inclusive), you don't need much – stay alert.

Bullying Material
It is when the aggressor destroys some belongings of the victim, or then dirties them,
ruins, throw it somewhere inaccessible... It is characterized by loss
material.

Sexual Bullying
Harass, induce, or abuse. Girls who develop early.
are among the main victims of this type of bullying. The aggressor
take advantage of when the victim is defenseless to attack her.

Social Bullying
When you are isolated from a conversation, joke, or activities of
class for example, this is characterized as bullying. The action of
ignore, isolate or constantly exclude a colleague from social interactions.

Virtual Bullying
More commonly known as cyberbullying, this type of bullying is becoming
becoming increasingly popular due to the advancements of networks
social. It mixes all the previous types, but it has a different aspect: the
the aggressor hides behind a profile (often fake) on the internet.
And from it, he mocks, creates gossip, or even threatens the victim. A
two major problems of cyberbullying are that gossip, or
maliciousness, gains enormous proportions, due to the potential of
sharing on social networks. Thus, the victim feels exposed
in front of dozens, hundreds, and even thousands of people.

81
 NOW HOW TO PREVENT BULLYING?

The first step is to admit that school is a place where bullying can occur. It is
it is also necessary to inform teachers and students about what it is
problema e deixar claro que o estabelecimento não admitirá a prática.

School should not only be a place of formal education but also of

citizen education, rights and duties, friendship, cooperation and solidarity.
Acting against bullying is a cheap and efficient way to reduce violence.
among students and in society

82
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

Have you ever witnessed any scenes of bullying in Physical Education class?
Physics? How was it?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Have you ever been bullied? Or were you the one causing it?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3. What are the types of bullying?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://saude.abril.com.br/bem-estar/os-8-tipos-de-bullying/

https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/sociologia/bullying

83
BASKETBALL

84
 Basketball is a highly popular sport in the United States.
United. Here in Brazil, we have several prominent athletes.
that left their marks not only here in our country, but
that also became world-renowned, as is the case
of Hortência, Paula, Janeth and Oscar Schmidt. But, unfortunately,
this sport does not have popular acceptance in our country.

ORIGIN
It is claimed that basketball was created in
1891 by James Naismith, a Presbyterian pastor
who was a Physical Education teacher at
Christian Association of Young Men (ACM) of Springfield,
Massachusetts, in the United States.

REASON FOR CREATION

It is said that a group of students,

unable to play outdoor sports
due to the cold, he asked the teacher to create
a collective game that could be played in
closed places. In response to the request,
Naismith divided the students into two teams,
it was agreed that the students could only walk with the
ball since they hit it on the ground and defined the
objective: the team that got it right won the game
more times the ball to the basket.

85
 At first, every time the ball was
right in the basket, they needed to grab it with the
help from a ladder. Only later someone
had the idea of cutting the bottom of the basket, making
with the ball falling back onto the court. The
rules were officially established, first in the own
club, in the ACM bulletin in 1892, and later
in 1932, with the foundation of the Federation
International Amateur Basketball Federation (FIBA).

POSITIONS

❑ This nomenclature Liber (Wing Pivot) was adopted

recentemente pelos estudiosos do basquetebol e expressa
faithfully, what the function of the former power forward means. The
throwing potential, physical strength, and mastery of
the fundamentals of an athlete in this position, usually goes
determine your team's offensive philosophy.

86
❑ The Planner is the organizer, the 'brain' of the team. It is he who ...
usually takes the ball from defense to attack, observes the
type of defense of the opposing team and chooses the play or
movement necessary to overcome it, through pre codes
established by the coach.

❑ Many coaches try to prevent in defense that

the main playmaker brings the ball to the attack, aiming
to hinder the opponent's offensive organization. In this case,
it is the amateur bowl also known as the escort that takes on
the role of the main shipowner is to organize the team.

❑ Alan is usually the most complete player on the team. He has

to have the "game reading" similar to a playmaker. Being
capable of infiltrating the bottle. In addition to having the responsibility
to close the counter-attack together with the escort.

❑ The pivot is the player who plays closest to the basket, both in the
defense, as well as in attack. Its main function is to fight for the
position where one can receive (attack) or prevent (defense) the
Pass. Fighting for rebounds is a duty of the centers. In
most of the time is the tallest athlete on the team. His
the area of expertise is the bottle.

87
 FUNDAMENTALS

PASS
Chest pass: Bringing the ball close to the chest, with the weight of
body on the leg coordinating arm movement with the
pulse, the ball in front of the body, throw it with the hands in the
direction of movement.

•Bounced pass: It is identical to the chest pass, with the difference

that the ball touches the ground before reaching the hands of the
player who will receive it. v Pass over the head -
Raising the ball above the head with both arms, throw it
with a strong movement of the wrists, without lowering the arms.

88
Hook pass: The ball is held by the hand that will throw it.
the hand next to the wrist, fingers spread on the ball. With a
step back or to the side, take a leap with a spin in the air
simultaneous to the launch of the ball through a movement
surrounding the arm.

Shoulder pass: The ball is held with both hands,

with fingers pointing upwards. The elbows should be
bent, the ball will stay close to the body with the shoulder
high and the execution of the pass must be made by the extension of
arm, elbow and wrist.

89
DRIBBLE
Lowered body, elevated head, bent knees, push
the ball with wrist flexion.

THROW
Tray: It is a throw in motion that can be made with
pass or dribbling. In both, the player is entitled to two
rhythmic tempos, that is, upon receiving the ball or interrupting the
the player dribbles, defining the support foot (1st rhythmic time), having
right to the second rhythmic time with one more step. However,
the ball must be thrown into the basket before the player touches the
alone.

•With one hand: Starting from the basic position, with the
body weight on the front leg, ball at chest level, the
the player will bend their legs simultaneously with the lifting of the ball
above the head. The throw ends with full extension
of the arm, wrist flexed and with the last contact of the ball through
the tips of the three middle fingers of the hand.

90
•Jump, with dribble and stop: Dribbling towards
road, stopping in a position of balance, had bent the
legs, jumping by raising the ball above and in front of the head
with both hands, execute the throw only with
one of the hands.

•Hook: The player in possession of the ball dribbles towards the

keep your body between the ball and the opponent.
So, look at the basket, jump spinning the body in the air with the
launching of the ball in the circular motion of the arm,
falling straight towards the basket.

91
 JAVELIN

It is the same as the one-handed throw, made from the line of

free kick, without marking and having five seconds to the
execution. It is important for the player to keep the body weight on the
front leg, focus and hold your breath before the
throw.

REBOUND
Starting from the guard position, the defensive player seeks to
through a leg work prevent the opponent from taking the
your front for the rebound. It is important, during the launch of the
ball, that the defender should not look at the trajectory of the ball, but rather at the
player who is marking. 1st case: When the opponent runs
for the rebound on the back leg side of the defender, it is enough for this
make the turn on the back leg. 2nd case: When the movement for the
the pass is made from the front leg side, the defender will carry out
two turning movements. The first by the front leg and the
second is the same as the 1st case.

92
 OTHER FOUNDATIONS

Grip: the act of holding the ball with the fingertips.

fingers, and not with the palms of the hands.
Body management: this includes spins, feints and
the runs made during the match.
Buried: a move in which the ball is placed firmly.
inside the basket, after a jump.
Touch: an act of blocking the movement of the ball that is being
thrown into the basket.

SOME RULES
Officially, the dimensions of the basketball court are
dimensions of at least 26m in length by 14m in width.
The baskets must be fixed to structures at a distance of 3.05m.
on the ground and located at the ends of the court. The matches have
a duration of four periods of 10 minutes, with the exception of
American championship (NBA), in which the quarters last 12
minutes.

93
Game time

In official games, 4 periods of 10 minutes are played.

divided into 2 halves. A 15-minute break is given between the
In the 2nd and 3rd periods, the teams switch sides.
Every time the game is stopped or the ball goes out of bounds, for example,
the stopwatch is stopped.
If the game ends in a tie during regular time,
there will be an extension of 5 minutes. If the tie persists,
another extension of 5 minutes will be made, and so
successively, until there is a winner.

Punctuation

The scoring is done as follows: When the ball goes in

In the hoop (ring), the point is marked.

1 point for each converted free throw (shots

acquired in a foul suffered;
2 points on the converted shots from small and short distance,
but precisely within the limit of 6.75 meters;
3 points on the shots that are made outside of the
delimitation of 6.75 meters.

94
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

1. Em que ano foi criado o Basquete e qual o nome do criador?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. Why did the teacher decide to create this sport?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3. What are the players' positions?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

4. Cite 5 fundamentos do Basquete?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/educacao-fisica/basquetebol.

https://celticsbrasil.com.br/entenda-as-posicoes-do-basquete/

https://sites.google.com/site/tudosobrebasquete/fundamentos-do-basquete

https://www.coladaweb.com/educacao-fisica/basquete

95
HANDBALL

96
 ORIGIN OF HANDBALL

Handball is a team sport that was created

by the German professor Karl Schelenz, in the year of
1919. After having the rules published by the Federation
German Gymnastics, the sport began to be
practiced competitively in countries such as,
for example, Austria, Switzerland and Germany.

Since its creation, handball as we know it today

suffered some modifications. The place of play, for example, was outdoors.
free (in grassy areas) and the spaces were smaller. Now, the sport is
executed in enclosed courts of 40 by 20 meters.Additionally, in the
Initially, handball was a game exclusive to women.

Later and with its inclusion in the Olympic sports, it

passou a ser jogado por ambos os sexos. Como foi criado por um
German, it started to be played in Berlin, Germany during the
World War I. However, it didn't take long for him to
spread throughout Europe and also to other parts of the world.

97
 Another factor that differentiates it from its origin is the number of
players. When it was created, it contained a total of 22 players, that is,
11 in each team. Today the number has been reduced to 14 in total (7 players
in each team). At the end of the 1930s, handball became a sport
official Olympic games of Berlin. At that moment, the game was still being played
for two teams of 11 jogadores each.
With the new changes (players and space), he became part of the
Olympic games since 1972.

GAMEPLAY

Divided into two halves of 30 minutes each;

There is a 10-minute break between each stage;
There are two referees and a timekeeper;
- The game involves dribbling, passing, and receiving the ball between the
players;
The throw is a technique widely used to score goals;
The way to hold the ball in the game is called
handle

98
 POSITIONS

Central Forward
This player is the brain and the engine of the
team, since it commands the process of
formation and organization of the plays. How
as the name suggests, its operation occurs through
center of the field.

Socks
These players are the fuel for
the rest of the team. They are
also known as Armador
Right (Half Right) and Builder
Left (Left Half). They are
responsible for checking a rhythm
more balanced and defensive compared to the rest
do time.

Tails
The tips are responsible for
participate in the attack actions,
acting near the lines
sides of the field, near the point
from a corner. They have the function of
attract the opposing defense,
providing a larger space
among the defensive players in
center of the court.

99
Pivot
The pivot in handball is the player responsible for taking advantage of
offensive opportunities and create spaces within the line of
defense of the opposing team. In this way, one can infiltrate these
points and having conditions to make shots from a distance
younger and more likely to be successful.

Goalkeeper
The goalkeeper is an essential player for making the save.
Once the defense is broken, the goalkeeper must have a
quick reflex and anticipate the likely location where the attacker
The opponent will throw the ball, preventing it from entering the goal.

100
 MAIN PRINCIPLES

Grip: it is
when a player
put the ball in the palm
from the hand and press it
with the fingertips;

•Ball reception: when the

player receives the ball with their hands
parallel and concave in shape;

•Pass: ball throw

for the companion of
team. There are several
types of passes. Some
the ones are the shoulder, of
pronation, pecked;

•Throw: the player

throws the ball towards the
goal. It may be supportive,
bearing, suspension, with
fall;

101
 •Dribble: the opposite of
sports like football,
dribble for handball is the
the act of bouncing the ball on the ground;

•Feint: it is when a player

deceives the marking of
opponent. The most techniques
used are do
displacement, exchange of
rhythm or direction.

MAIN RULES
Ball handling: the game is played using the hands, so the
athletes are prohibited from using other parts of the body. The only
the exception is the goalkeeper, who may use his feet in defense;
Substitution: there are no limits on player substitutions
in a match. The coach can use the strategy as many times
deem necessary and at any time;
Goal kick: occurs when the ball touches the goalkeeper or player
opponent before crossing the goal line, when they are in the area
of defense;
7-meter throw: it is a charge similar to a free throw from the
basketball. It occurs when a player has clear chances to score
goal, suffers a foul from the opponent. The referee then calls for the 7-meter shot and
the fine must be charged at the location where the infraction occurred;
Lateral throw: occurs when the ball goes out of the sideline.
It must be charged with one foot on the sideline of the court and the other
foot out.
Players: The game of handball works as follows: two
teams with 7 athletes each.

102
 FIXATION ACTIVITY

Who was the creator of handball and what year and place was it created?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What are the players' positions?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Find some fundamentals of Handball. The words of this

Word searches are hidden horizontally, vertically, and diagonally.
with words backwards

REFERENCES
https://www.suapesquisa.com/educacaoesportes/historia_do_handebol.htm

https://handebol.weebly.com/histoacuteria.html

https://www.todamateria.com.br/handebol/#:~:text=Como%20foi%20criado%20por%20um,du
during the First World War. At the end of the 1930s,
team of 11 players each.

103
SOCCER

104
 Football is a team sport that does not have its origin well
defined, since several similar ball games already
were practiced by ancient peoples. However, if
we consider the similarity of their rules today, we can
to say that this sport originated in the late 19th century in
England when the first rules of the game were established.
Over the years, football has been developing and today it is one of
most well-known and loved sports in the world.
Many similar games featuring a ball were
practiced by ancient peoples: Chinese, Greeks, Romans,
etc. And because of this, we cannot determine an origin.
specific to this sport.
Research indicates that many ancient civilizations were already using
a type of ball (any rounded object, whether made of leather or in
fabric) to make some "passes". At that point, the ball games
were more violent, since they had no defined rules.

HOW WAS FOOTBALL IN ANTIQUITY?

Football in Ancient China

In some places of ancient China,
around 2 BC, there was a game
similar, called cuju, which
used a ball made of feathers. Its
the function was initially to train
militarily the soldiers, as for
entertain the population. It is worth noting
that at the beginning this sport was
practiced only by people of
high economic level.

105
 Football in Ancient Japan
Very related to cuju and probably
Inspired by him, the so-called Kemari emerged.
probably in the mid-600s in the
Japan. It is one of the games that most
it is close to football, and is still practiced by
some Japanese people.

Football in Ancient Greece

It is known that we inherited some ball games from the Greeks.
Although it was different from what we know today, there was
a game similar to football called Epísquiro (from
Gregory, Episkiros.
This game was played between two teams, but the
the number of players was greater: about 15 in
each time. A striking characteristic and considered
the shortage today is that the ball could be caught by the hands. The
idea, very similar to today's football, was to pass the ball and
launch it on the corresponding line.

Football in Ancient Rome

Historians believe that the game of football in
Ancient Rome was very similar to Episkiros and,
probably originated in this Greek game. The
the name given to this game was Harpastum (in Latin,
Harpastum) and, similarly, was played between
two teams and the idea was to throw the ball onto the court of
opponent.

106
Football in the 19th century
It was only from the 19th century that the
football, as we know it today, was
realized with the creation of the first
rules of the game in England.
He was winning over the English elite and with the
time became popular and reached the
most popular layers of the country. From
so, he crossed borders, arriving
to the other continents.

In Brazil, this sport arrived with a

Paulistano named Charles Miller, who was
studying in England, where he learned the game.
Upon returning to Brazil in 1894, he brought
a ball and the rules of the game. In 1895,
the first game took place on Brazilian soil.

POSITIONS
Positions in football designate players to perform a
certain function in the field, seeking to explore its
main characteristics, usually associated with the scheme
tactical used, can be divided

Goalkeeper
Right and left sides
Defender
4. Steering wheel

5. Half
6. Attacker

107
 MAIN RULES

Each match has 90 minutes and is divided into two halves of 45.
minutes each.
The game is supervised by the referee.
It is prohibited to use the hands to handle the ball.
To prevent the players of the opposing team from just
in the criminal area of the opposing side, the rule of was created
impediment.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA ON BRAZILIAN SOCCER

Football is undoubtedly the most
important and popular for most Brazilians, some take it to
"Weekend soccer" as something sacred, others are fanatics.
for the clubs that fans cheer for and accompany every day.

According to FIFA, there are more than 13 million in Brazil.

football practitioners and, according to research conducted by Informídia,
81% of the population follows the sport through the media. The large
the influence of football in the lives of Brazilians is capable of not only
unify the population, but also mobilize it, giving football
significant power to support social change in the country

The media significantly influences the

world of the ball, gives visibility to the players,
this way the club is able to attract more
sponsors and future investments. Many
sometimes the media is able to 'create' a new
star of the fields, a star that can
bring more audience to the sporting event, sell more t-shirts to
the club, and that in the future the media itself may feed on
your image.

108
 Television networks pay the clubs to
broadcast your games, gaining a large audience from
population not in the stadium, audience that calls for
attention from sponsors, thus generating profit for the
media company and for the club.

RISE OF THE CUP

The first World Cup took place in 1930, after many

years of attempts to organize a world competition of
soccer. The beginning of the event is directly linked to the emergence of
FIFA and its role in the popularization and professionalization of football.
The Federation was founded in 1904 and had the initial participation of
the following nations: Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Spain
Sweden and Switzerland.

The first efforts towards organizing a

competition like the World Cup was held by one of the
founders of FIFA, the Dutch Carl Anton Wilhelm Hirschman.
However, the great responsible for the realization of the first Cup of
The world was Jules Rimet, president of FIFA for over thirty years.
years.

As the years go by and the popularity of football increases, the Cup

of the World has become a grand event that mobilizes a
huge amount of money. The relevance of competition
it is reflected in the number of nations that participated in the event.

109
 REMEMBER ALL WORLD CHAMPIONS FROM 1930 TO 2018

1930 - Uruguay 1934 - Italy 1938 - Italy

1950- Uruguai 1954 - Germany 1958 - Brazil
1962 - Brazil 1966 - England 1970 - Brazil
1974 - Germany 1978- Argentina 1982- Itália
1986- Argentina 1990 - Germany 1994 - Brazil
1998- France 2002- Brasil 2006- Itália
2010 - Spain 2014 - Germany 2018 - France
FIXATION ACTIVITY

1. What are the main origins of football, mention them for each period?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. When and where did the first rules of football emerge?

_____________________________________________________________

3. Who was responsible for bringing football to Brazil?

_____________________________________________________________

4. Why does the media value championships and tournaments so much?

soccer?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
The Origin of Football

https://www.esportelandia.com.br/futebol/posicoes-do-futebol

https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/educacao-fisica/curiosidades-do-futebol

110
FUTSAL

111
Futsal is one of the most practiced sports in Brazil, at school, in the square or
In the club, it is very common to see people of all ages practicing.
Futsal. So, it's time to learn about the History of Futsal.

The origin of Futsal has two divergent versions about

the origin ofFutsal (Indoor Soccer). One of the versions is that
Futsal started to be practiced in the city of São Paulo/Brazil,
at the Christian Association of Young Men (ACM), in the 1940s, as it was already
there was a difficulty in finding available soccer fields for
the practice of the sport. The solution was to use the Basketball courts
and Hockey to play Football.

WHERE WAS FUTSAL CREATED?

The most accepted version of the origin of Futsal is that Football of
Salon originated in Uruguay when it began to be practiced.
in the 1930s in Montevideo, also at the Christian Association
of Boys.

The Physical Education teacher

Uruguayan Juan Carlos Ceriani is
considered the creator of Futsal, which
called the new sport "Indoor-
Football

112
 MAIN RULES OF FUTSAL

Number of athletes
Each team can have 5 players on the court, with one of them
there must be the goalkeeper, and up to 9 on the bench. The substitutions are
unlimited, however, if one of the teams has less than
3 athletes, the match must be interrupted and the victory is given to
opponent.
The dimensions of the court

The minimum court dimensions for national adult games are

38 meters long by 18 meters wide. Already in the
international disputes, the minimum is 38 m x 20 m and the maximum is 42 m
x 25 m.
Departure time
The match is divided into two halves of 20 minutes each.
each one. After the end of the first phase, there is a break of 10
minutes and the teams must switch sides when returning to the court.
Faults
The foul occurs whenever a player commits an act that is
against the rules. When this happens, the opposing team
gains the possibility of charging her, which can be a free throw
direct, an indirect free kick or a penalty.

113
 Futsal Positions

Basically, there are four positions in futsal: goalkeeper,

alas, forwards, and center. The game tactic is individual and each team defines the
choose according to your objectives, with the available players and
with the opponent.
Goalkeeper
The goalkeeper responsible for defending the goal also tends to
coordinate the team, since due to his role he stays in the game
entire observing the court from the front.

Alas
The wings are the athletes who play at the ends of the court. The
their main virtues are speed andphysical conditioning,
since they need to move constantly between defense and attack.
Due to their defensive and offensive functions, they need to be good.
markers, passers, dribblers, and finishers.

Fixed
The fixed position can be compared to the defender in field soccer. Its
the function is totally defensive and, often, it is called
"last man". The fixed one is responsible for organizing the
team defense scheme. Depending on the tactic used, it
can play the wing role in ball exit, freeing one of the two for
to assist the pivot in the attack.

Pivot
The offensive function of the team is directed to the center. This is the player who
positions itself closer to the opposing goal. Unlike everyone else
other athletes, the pivot stands with his back to the opponent's goal. The
the goal is to see your team attacking head-on, opening options
so that the wings can find you.

114
 FUNDAMENTALS

PASSED
The pass is one of the most important and basic fundamentals of the game.
To carry it out efficiently, the athlete needs to have good vision.
from the field to find the teammates, strength for the ball
do not be intercepted and coordination so that the route is
accurate. The pass can be classified according to the trajectory
From the ball, the distance or the execution. Thinking about the trajectory, he can
be parabolic, at mid-height or low. In relation to distance,
we can classify it as a short, medium, or long pass. Finally,
the execution of the movement can use different parts of the foot,
like the inner and outer parts, the sole, the toe, and the heel.

DRIBBLE
Being a good dribbler is a standout ability in futsal. As
the court does not allow for extensive ball control, the dribble does
with the athlete putting his team in a lead, leaving a
opponent player backward, allowing the kick.
Normally, good dribblers play in offensive positions and have
good speed, flair, and game vision. Some more dribbles
known are the elastic, the pen, and the hat.

HEADBUTT
Heading can be both an offensive and defensive skill,
that is, it is used to clear the ball from the area in a situation
of defense, or to direct it to the goal in an attacking play.
Taller players tend to train and develop this better.
skill.

115
 FUNDAMENTALS

CHUTE
A good kick is a virtue in futsal. Therefore, it is necessary
strength, technique, and coordination. There are many ways to kick the
the ball and this fundamental is used all the time, in plays
offensive and defensive.

RECEPTION
The reception of the ball is a fundamental skill used whenever a
the player receives the ball at any moment in the game. It is very
important to maintain possession with the team,
increasing the chances of a positive outcome. It can be
performed on different parts of the body, such as the thigh or the chest.

CONDUCT
The ball handling is nothing more than moving on the court with
It's at the feet. It's fundamental in futsal and all athletes should have control.
total of this foundation. To stand out, manage to lead with
the two feet is an important differential.

ANTICIPATION
Anticipation is a foundation that not all players
develop and, therefore, is classified with a good differential.
To be able to anticipate frequently, the athlete must have a
excellent reaction ability and great game vision.
The play consists of stealing the ball, anticipating the action of
opponent.

116
 CURIOSITIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF FUTSAL

The ball was one of the first adaptations that theFutsalneeded

do in relation to football. The ball used on the field was large and
it bounced a lot, to use on the court I needed a smaller ball and
heavier. And so it was done and Futsal began to be known
like the "heavy ball sport".

Another adaptation that was made was in relation to the number of

players from each team in Futsal, since the 11 players in Football
from the field did not fit in the court. Several attempts were made
formations, until reaching a number of 5 players per team.

FIXATION ACTIVITY
1. What is the origin of futsal?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What are the positions and characteristics of each player?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. What are the fundamentals of futsal?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
https://www.unioeste.br/portal/centros/ccbs/845-proex/projetos-extensao/liga-
metropolitana-futsal/futsal-news/53895-the-history-of-futsal

https://blog.unisportbrasil.com.br/conheca-tudo-sobre-os-principais-fundamentos-do-futsal

117
VOLLEYBALL

118
 You've probably played volleyball, right? If you haven't played, you've certainly seen it.
someone plays, whether at school, on the beach, or even on TV.
But do you know the history of volleyball, how it originated, for what reason
the reason it was created, its rules and what made it a sport
worldwide known?

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball is a sport that originated in the United States, there it
atualmente é conhecido como volley ou voleibol. O esporte foi criado
in 1895, that is, 4 years after the creation of basketball.

And this was not a coincidence, since the sport was created
as an alternative sporting practice to be carried out by
older people and also within a court
closed to escape the harsh winter cold of the region.

Not coincidentally, the sport was created by

Christian Association of Young Men of Holyoke, same association
responsible for the creation of basketball.

The difference is that basketball was created by James Naismith,

at the headquarters located in Springfield, while volleyball was created
by William G. Morgan at the headquarters located in Holyoke. Both the
the seats were located in Massachusetts.

119
 The first country to practice the sport, besides the States
United, it was Canada, slowly spreading around the
world.

In South America, it first arrived in Peru, but

only in 1910. Volleyball arrived in Brazil in 1915. It did not
we don’t know for sure who brought the sport to the country, but it was in this year
what happened to the first volleyball match in the city of Recife,
Pernambuco.

It was only in 1964 that the sport reached the Olympics.

more precisely at the Tokyo Olympics. The name origin of
volleyball was Mintonette and its ball was made lighter than
of basketball or football precisely because its target audience is
older people.

Currently, volleyball is played on a rectangular court.

measuring 9 meters in width by 18 meters in length,
being divided in half by the net. The net, in turn, is placed at a
height of 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women.

120
 VOLLEYBALL RULES

VOLLEYBALL RULES ARE:

• 6 members in each team;

• 4 sets of 25 points;

• It can go up to 5 if there is a tie in the first 4, he

has 15 points;
• You need at least a 2-point difference between the teams.
to close a set;
• Only 3 touches on the ball are allowed at a time and never 2 touches.
followed by the same player;
• It is not allowed to 'dribble' the ball, only to touch it;

• The set is defined by the points and not by the time;

• Each team has a coach as well as substitutes.

POSITIONS
Position number 1 is called right defense, and it is the
serve position.
The position No. 2 is called network exit.
Position number 3 is called network medium.
The position number 4 is called network entry.
Position number 5 is called left defense.
Position number 6 is called central defender.

121
 ROLE OF EACH PLAYER

LIFTER
The setter is the athlete responsible for distributing
the ball so that the other teammates can
attack the opposing team. Therefore, your
the main role in the game is to set up the attack.
Essa ação costuma acontecer sempre no primeiro
on the second touch of the team.

LIBERO
The main characteristic of the libero is
to have a good ball reception,
defending the attacking action of the team
opposite. He is the only athlete who can
enter and exit the game unlimitedly
usually tends to occupy the
center position of the back of the court.

POINTS
The top players are those who
they are positioned on the sides of the court.
Their main functions are to defend the
attack from the opposing team and carry out the
attack at the network entrance and exit.
Most of the time, the winger is designated
for one of the two functions. This happens
because usually either he has a big
domain of reception and headline, or
he has a lot of strength and speed, being
a specialist in attack.

122
 CENTRAL
Middle-distance athletes are the tallest of
team, as they are the ones in charge of
carry out the blocking of the adversary attack.
In addition, they also need to be
be agile, for they are the main ones
responsible for the fast balls, that
they are those launched by the setter
at low speed and low height.

THE OPPOSITE
The opposite is the player who always occupies the opposite position to
attacker. Its main function is the attack, that's why it must
to be positioned to receive the pass from the setter. He
usually the most sought-after player to make the plays
outgoing, that is, at the three-meter line (near the location that
separate defense from attack.

123
 FUNDAMENTALS

The basic fundamentals of volleyball are five: serve, attack,

blocking, lifting and reception.
These fundamentals are techniques that began to be executed
in the games and eventually became a practice in volleyball.

WITHDRAWAL
The raid is considered the first attack because
it is the basis that initiates the game or the rally -
that understands the moment when the referee
we even hit a point. To execute
During a serve, the server holds the ball with one hand.
and with the other one hit it to throw it over the
net towards the opposing court.
ATTACK
The attack is the foundation that
usually ends a rally.
There are several types of attacks:
high ball attack in
extremities, ball attack
quick at the edges, attack
from the fast ball in the middle, attack from
back of the court, middle attack.
BLOCK
O bloqueio é a jogada que tenta impedir que a bola
launched by the opponent crosses the net
reaching the side of the court of the other team and not
only: the block tries to make the ball hit the
floor of the opposing court to score points.
There are 3 types of blocking: simple, double, and triple.

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 SURVEY
The survey is the foundation on which
the players try to lift the ball
to assist the attackers in returning
the ball to the opposing court
trying to score points.

RECEPTION
The defensive move that receives the
the serve is called reception.
A well-done reception
enables performance
better in the team's attack. A
reception is usually held
through touch or of the
headline.

FIXATIONACTIVITY
What is the origin of volleyball?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. They are basic fundamentals in volleyball.

( ) feint, throw and touch

( ) block, dribble and feint
( ) blocking, reception, and headline

125
 3. Mark (C) for the RIGHT ones and (E) for the WRONG ones.

To play volleyball, 12 players are needed divided

also in two teams of six players each.
( ) In volleyball, the attack zone is near the back line.
quarter.
Volleyball has always been called volleyball.

4. Complete the sentence.

The volleyball court is formed by a rectangle with _____________ of
length, by ____________ of width, and is divided into two
squares that make up the court of each team.

5. What are the types of blockage?

( ) defense blocking, double and triple

( ) attack block, double and triple
simple, double, and triple lock.
( ) blocking of two, double and triple

REFERENCES
https://www.todamateria.com.br/fundamentos-voleibol

https://www.concursosnobrasil.com.br/escola/educacao-fisica/volei-sua-origem-historia-e-
rules.

126
ESPORTS OF
ADVENTURE

127
 Do you know a lot about adventure sports?
If not, it's time to learn about the origins, advantages and
types of this sport modality.
Curious?

WHAT IS ADVENTURE SPORT

First of all, have you ever wondered what the definition of

adventure sport? In a quick explanation, the terms
sports and action or adventure extreme sports, it is a term
to characterize more dangerous activities.

Those that lead the adventurer on a journey with more

risks, in terms such as speed, height, etc. It is important
to emphasize that extreme sports/adventure and adventure tourism are
distinct names and activities.

Adventure sports usually demand a lot from

psychological and physical of the practitioner, which makes this modality
very appealing to thrill-seekers.

128
 HOW DID ADVENTURE SPORTS EMERGE?

The adventure sports category emerged at the end of the decade of

1980, almost in 1990. The first time this was used.
denomination, its function was to name adult sports, such as
skydiving, surfe, montanhismo, paraquedismo, trekking, alpinismo,
mountain biking and paintball.

Aos poucos todos os esportes que causavam grandes ondas

of adrenaline gained this designation, like the ones mentioned
previously, increasing the level of endorphin, serotonin and
dopamine in the bodies of practitioners due to mental effort and
corporal in the practices of these activities.

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON ADVENTURE SPORTS?

Skydiving
In skydiving, you go through quick training.
on how to behave to make the jump, then embarks with your
instructor on the plane, while he takes off until reaching the right altitude
for the jump, then you and the instructor jump from the plane, as it was
premeditated in your training. Usually, free fall lasts 1 minute.
and then your instructor opens the parachute, then it's just about staying calm and
enjoy the view from up there.

129
 HIKING
It's a short walk, its duration
it doesn't take more than a few hours, like this
it does not last more than a day,
where to do it is not necessary
camping in the place. This modality is
practiced on self-guided trails in
half to nature, being of that
classic back-and-forth in the environment
natural.
CLIMBING
Demanding maximum concentration and strength
of its practitioner, it is an activity both
only as a group, which started to be
executed in our country from 1980.
Its climbing categories or
mountaineering is divided into bigwall,
alpina, indoor, artificial, sports, climbing
in block, traditional, high mountain and
mountaineering.

RAFTING
In Rafting, it is possible to go down large rapids in a boat, but not
Don't despair! This adventure sport is done with great care and only
by prepared teams and with official operation permissions. Thus,
you guarantee big doses of adrenaline and protection.

130
 Bungee Jumping
In summary, Bungee Jumping is a
activity where one jumps from a great height
to the void, with the waist or ankles tied
by a rope that stretches and prevents the
practicing to reach the ground with the jump.

PAINTBALL
An urban adventure sport, in
which you do not need to be in
middle of the jungle to practice, it is without
questions about Paintball. Using tactics,
agility and cleverness, your
practitioners are distributed in
throwing paint balls at your
opponent, without bodily injury,
this combat dynamic has
with the objective of entertaining
competitiveness and skill of
your participants.

SLACKLINE
Many know it as Corda bamba, but the
Slackline, as it is called, is a sport of
balance, created by practitioners of
mountaineering. It is practiced under a tape of
nylon, narrow and flexible, suspended at both ends
sides and caught in pillars, trees of the courtyard
usually carried out at a height of
25 to 30 centimeters off the ground,

131
 BENEFITS OF ADVENTURE SPORTS?
Reduces levels of stress and anxiety;
Increase the mood and patience;
Provokes social engagement;
Removes shyness and stiffness from the practitioner;
Improves physical health;
Reduces sedentary behavior and poor fitness;
Work on your mental health;
Get out of the comfort zone;
ADVENTURE SPORTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Since the sport has been developing and transforming
nas escolas e no meio social, cresce a busca pela diversificação e
also due to the need to renew and recreate pedagogical content.
Advancing in the formation of the student, new practices are sought to be
addressed in physical education classes.

To include new content in the school, it is necessary to overcome

barriers and, perhaps, the tradition of sports practices is the most
difficult ones. There are many reasons for us to include adventure sports
at school, among which, align Physical Education with the proposals
of environmental preservation.

The movements made through the practice of sports

adventures contribute significantly to the evolution of the
motor skills and abilities necessary for development
motor skills of the child, besides representing activities
different from those of everyday life, contributing to increase the
interest and participation of students. Therefore, as a practice
pedagogical and sports, the insertion of adventure sports in
schools can bring fundamental benefits for enrichment of the
School Physical Education.

132
 FIXATION ACTIVITY
What is the definition of Adventure Sports?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2. How did Adventure Sports emerge?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3. Name some sports modalities?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4. Cite 4 benefícios para quem pratica os Esportes de Aventura.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

5. Which Adventure Sport would you like to experience?

in your school? Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://www.comboiguassu.com.br/blog-em-foz-do-iguacu/esporte-de-aventura

https://blog.serraimperial.com/confira-os-5-tipos-de-esportes-de-aventura-na-natureza/

http://www.gestaouniversitaria.com.br/scientific-articles/adventure-sport-in-classes
physical education

133
CAPOEIRA

134
 Capoeira is both a fight and an art. But did you know that
For a long time, capoeira was banned in Brazil? Who sees children
little ones playing capoeira in schools or capoeira circles with the
presentation of great masters cannot even imagine that this well-known form
the expression of black roots was frowned upon and considered dangerous.

To play capoeira we need a rhythm, dictated by the atabaque, by the

berimbau and by agogô. This music is quite characteristic. Two partners, of
according to the sound of the berimbau, they execute movements of attack, defense and
dodge. They simulate a fight. To play capoeira, you need skill and strength,
in addition to integration and respect among partners.

History of Capoeira
The origin of capoeira dates back to the time of slavery in Brazil.
Many black people were brought from Africa to Brazil to work.
in the sugar cane mills, on coffee farms, in the fields or
in the houses of the lords. Capoeira was a form of fighting and
resistance.

However, to avoid arousing suspicion, the slaves

they adapted the movements of the fight to the chants of Africa, making everything
to look like a dance. Capoeira has evolved into the way it is today,
geddon.

135
At the beginning of the 19th century, in Rio de Janeiro,
bandits and wrongdoers were called
capoeiras, as recorded by the writer Manuel
Antônio de Almeida, in "memories of a
"militia sergeant". In 1888, slavery was
officially abolished in Brazil. Many black people
the freed slaves had no way to survive and
they ended up in marginality. In Salvador,
they organized gangs and provoked
rebellions. For a long time, capoeira was
forbidden.

In the 1930s, capoeira had already acquired a new

status in our society. President Getúlio Vargas himself
invited a capoeira group to officially perform at the
Catete Palace. Capoeira was legalized. Capoeira teachers
from Bahia became famous, such as the masters Bimba, Pastinha and
Cat.
FUNDAMENTALS AND RULES
Capoeira is played in a circle, formed by everyone
participants in the dynamics and guided by the rhythm of the berimbau,
generally played by masters. Furthermore, the practice occurs under
accompaniment of claps, songs, and other instruments. Thus,
in the center of the circle, two capoeiristas perform the movements of
combats, which, instead of violence, are characterized by
complementary and harmonious movements that simulate a
confrontation.

136
 The dancing dynamics of the game can end at the command of
capoeirista on the berimbau or by intervention of a third capoeirista,
that enters the circle and starts a new game with one of the participants. In this
dynamic, however, some rules are established for the
harmony of practice. They are:

• Respect the master and act with discipline;

• Obey the command of the berimbau during practice;

• Always be vigilant and keep calm in all situations.

situation;
• Do not lose sight of your partner's movements;

• Look out for the safety of all participating colleagues;

• Never use the knowledge acquired through practice to

integrate street fights.

INSTRUMENTS USED

137
 MAIN SCAMS

• Aú: popularly known as 'star', this movement is

used to dodge the opponent or deceive him for the
application of an attack movement.
• Armada:characterizes a raised circular kick, performed after
a spin.
• Front deviation: a defensive movement used to evade strikes
the capoeirista bends down, with their hands protecting their face.
• Blessing: refers to a kick/push performed with the whole foot.
leaning on the partner's chest.
• Hammer: names a kick aimed to hit the
partner's head.
• Negative: refers to a descent with support from the hand on the ground,
used to avoid a scam.

FIXATION ACTIVITY
What is the origin of capoeira?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

["Respect your opponent and the game.","Maintain good physical fitness and agility.","Practice the cultural elements and history of capoeira."]

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

3. What instruments were used?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
https://educacao.uol.com.br/disciplinas/cultura-brasileira/capoeira-origem.

https://www.todoestudo.com.br/educacao-fisica/capoeira

138
ATHLETICS

139
 Athletics is part of individual sports and is considered a
base sports, as its modalities encompass all others
athletic sports. For example, we can observe a player in
activity in a soccer, basketball or volleyball match. During the game,
he walks, at other times, runs, jumps and practices throws.

That's why a soccer, basketball, or volleyball player seeks

always develop these skills that are the 'base' of the sets of
physical activity of the practitioner of these modalities.

It is one of the first sports practiced, as

It is based on natural movements like jumping, running, and throwing.
Practiced since the beginning of our civilization, it originated from the need
of training warriors.

The word athletics derives from the Greek athlon, which

significance of combat.

The main athletic events are the sprints, the jumps, and
throwing errors.

The race is the athletic event held on a track.

This can be classified as a piece of evidence.

The throws are made within a field.

These can be called field tests.

140
 ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS

It was in Ancient Greece, at the time when they held

the first Olympic Games where athletics reached the whole
its splendor.

The Greeks were, therefore, a people who considered the practice of

physical activities are so important for harmonious development and
integral to man concerning the sciences and the arts.

However, during the period when Greece fell under domination of

In the Roman Empire, the Olympic Games became cruel and bloody.
until, in the year 394 BC, Emperor Theodosius II abolished the competitions
throughout the territory of the Empire. After that, athletics was almost
abandoned.

In 1790, the English organized the first competitions.

athletics for amateurs, also establishing the first rules
for this sport. From England, the taste for athletics was becoming
popular all over Europe. And so, he arrived in the United States,
where, in 1865, the New York Athletic Association was founded.

In Brazil, athletics was introduced in 1910, but it became popular.

only from 1940. Since then, many Brazilian athletes,
like Adhemar Ferreira da Silva, José Telles da Conceição, Deise Jurdelina
de Castro, João Carlos de Oliveira, Joaquim Cruz, Odete Valentino
Sundays, Robson Caetano, Zequinha Barbosa and Maurrem Higa Maggi,
they stood out in international competitions.

Currently, athletics is practiced all over the world and day by day the
records are being broken.

141
 OLYMPIC ATHLETICS PROGRAM EVENTS

FLAT RACES: are divided into three groups: speed or short distance,
medium-depth and long-distance or deep.

MEN: WOMEN:
100 METERS FLAT 100 METERS FLAT
200 METERS FLAT 200 METERS FLAT
400 METERS FLAT 400 METERS FLAT
800 METERS FLAT 800 METERS FLAT
1,500 METERS 1,500 METERS
5,000 METERS 5,000 METERS
10,000 METERS 10,000 METERS
42.195 METERS (MARATHON)
42.195 METERS (MARATHON)
20,000 METERS (RACE WALKING)
20,000 METERS (RACE WALKING)
50,000 METERS (RACE WALKING)

OBSTACLE RACES: consist of races that have in the course

barriers that athletes have to jump.

MEN: WOMEN:
110 METERS 110 METERS
400 METERS 400 METERS
3,000 METERS

RELAY RACES: it is a running competition in which

team members take turns completing parts of the track or
execute a certain action.

MEN: WOMEN:
4 X 100 METERS 4 X 100 METERS
4 X 400 METERS 4 X 400 METERS

142
FIELD TESTS are divided into tests of
throwing and jumping tests.

MEN: WOMEN:
HIGH JUMP HIGH JUMP
Triple Jump Triple Jump
LONG JUMP LONG JUMP
POLE VAULT DISCUS THROW
DISCUS THROW Weight Throw
WEIGHT THROW HEPTATHLON
Javelin Throw
Hammer Throw
DECATLO
FIXATION ACTIVITY

What was the origin of the creation of Athletics?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. What are the main athletic events?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. How did Athletics arrive in Brazil?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES
http://educacaofisicanamente.blogspot.com/2012/04/atletismo.htm

http://www.dicionarioolimpico.com.br/

143