The Role of Adaptation Technology to enhance

Social and Economic Resilience to Climate Change

ABSTRACT – Climate change has had a significant environmental systems. Rising global average
impact on various sectors of life, requiring the temperatures, rising frequency and intensity of
development and implementation of adaptation extreme weather occurrence, and changing
technology as a strategic solution. This research precipitation patterns are some of the tangible
aims to analyze the role of adaptation technology impacts that have been observed in various
to deal with climate change and its impact on the parts of the world (O'Brien, 2017). These
social and economic life of the community. Using a phenomena challenge the sustainability of
literature research approach, this research explores natural resources and enhance social
the challenges in the development of adaptation vulnerability, especially for communities living
technology, the effectiveness of implementation in in disaster-prone areas (Timmermann, 2021).
various sectors, and its contribution to social and As the impacts become more apparent,
economic resilience. The results show that adaptation adaptation to climate change is becoming
technologies play an important role in enhancing the enhance important to ensure social and
productivity of the agricultural sector, strengthening economic sustainability.
infrastructure against natural disasters, and creating One of the sectors significantly affected by
adaptive financial systems to reduce economic risks climate change is agriculture. Changing weather
due to climate change. Adaptation technologies patterns and rising global temperatures have
also contribute to raising community awareness of led to a decline in agricultural productivity in
climate change risks and supporting sustainable many countries, especially in tropical regions
development policies. Challenges in the implementation that rely on traditional agriculture systems
of these technology are still great, including (Solorzano, 2016). The instability of food
limited funding, gaps in access to technology, and production impacts farmers' economies, and
lack of policy coordination between central and poses a threat to global food security. Kobayashi
local governments. More effective strategies are and Furuya (2015) explain that various
needed to accelerate the adoption of adaptation adaptation technologies have been developed,
technology through enhanced investment in including the development of drought-resistant
research and development, integration of crop varieties, smart irrigation systems, and
ecosystem-based policy, and active community data-driven agriculture techniques to enhance
participation in adaptation planning. With a more resource use efficiency.
inclusive and evidence-based approach, it is
The impacts of climate change are also visible in
expected that adaptation technology can provide
aspects of the social and economic life of urban
more optimal solutions to the challenges of
communities, in addition to the agricultural
climate change and improve the social and
sector. The rising frequency of disasters such as
economic resilience of the community.
floods and heat waves has forced many cities to
Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation technology, develop adaptation strategies to protect their
Economic resilience, Technology innovation, infrastructure and residents (Antoci et al., 2019).
Adaptation policy, Sustainability. Examples include the implementation of
ecosystem-based urban drainage systems to
A. INTRODUCTION reduce flood risks and the development of green
Climate change has become a global challenge spaces that serve as natural coolers for cities
that affects many aspects of human life, experiencing extreme temperatures (Álvaro
including the economy, health, and social and Enríquez-de-Salamanca et al., 2017). As the

Marsal, A. P., A. Oluwatosin, & S. Sulani. 2024. The Role of Adaptation Technology to Enhance Social and Economic Resilience to Climate Change.
Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(2), 57-63.
challenges posed by climate change are rising, for governments and communities to determine
adaptation technologies are becoming a key the most appropriate and sustainable
component of sustainable development planning. adaptation strategies.
While adaptation technologies have been Climate change has brought enhance visible
developed to address climate change, challenges impacts on various sectors of life, making
remain in their implementation and effectiveness. adaptation technology an urgent necessity. In
One of the main problems is limited knowledge and recent decades, the rising global temperatures
access to adaptation technology, especially in and changing extreme weather patterns have
developing countries (Fankhauser, 2016). The affected the social and economic balance in
information gap between the scientific community many countries (Li et al., 2019). Large cities are
and the general community leads to low awareness seriously challenges by rising average
and acceptance of adaptation solutions that have temperatures and the risk of natural disasters,
been developed. As a result, many technologies are such as floods and droughts, which require
not optimally utilized, even in regions most technology-based adaptation strategies to
vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. maintain the sustainability of the urban
Funding issues are a significant barrier to the environment and infrastructure.
implementation of adaptation technology. Many The urgency of implementing adaptation
developing countries face difficulties allocating technology is also due to the economic impacts of
financial resources for investments in technology climate change. Many production sectors,
that can enhance resilience to climate change especially agriculture and energy, are
(Carmin et al., 2015). Funding for adaptation is experiencing losses due to erratic changes in
often less than that allocated for mitigation, weather patterns (Wilson & Orlove, 2021). Delays
making adaptation a less prioritized aspect of in the adoption of adaptation technology can
national policy. This financial imbalance also exacerbate economic disparities between
results in underinvestment in research and developed and developing countries, especially as
development of new technology that is more developing countries have lower capacity to deal
effective and sustainable. with climate disasters. Investment in research and
Another barrier is the problem of integrating development of adaptation technology are
adaptation policy with economic development urgently needed to ensure the viability of a more
and spatial planning policy. Adaptation policy is stable and inclusive global economy.
often not aligned with long-term development The urgency of research and application of
policy, leading to ineffective and unsustainable adaptation technology is also related to social and
implementation (Cuevas, 2015). Many regions political aspects, in addition to economic aspects.
still rely on traditional development approaches Slow adaptation policy can exacerbate social
that do not consider climate change risks, enhance inequality, especially for poor people living in high-
people's vulnerability to the impacts of natural risk areas (Liu et al., 2020). Needs mapping and
disasters such as floods, droughts and heat waves. technology development based on social realities
Social and cultural issues are also barriers to the are very important so that adaptation can be
implementation of adaptation technology, in carried out inclusively. Without appropriate
addition to police challenges. In many interventions, climate change will further
communities, especially in rural areas, the adoption exacerbate existing social inequalities, endangering
of adaptation technology is often hampered by a country's social and political stability.
cultural norms, distrust of new technology, and a This research aims to analyze the urgency of
preference for traditional methods that have been developing and implementing climate change
used for many years (Roös, 2020). Lack of adaptation technology and its impact on social
education and community involvement in and economic life. Specifically, it aims to
adaptation decision-making also contributes to the understand how climate change affects various
ineffectiveness of introduced technology. sectors of life and the what extent adaptation
Finally, climate change itself is constantly evolving technology can help mitigate the impacts.
with enhance complex and unpredictable impacts, This research seeks to identify key challenges that
so current technology may not be sufficient to hinder the development and implementation of
meet future challenges. Climate change prediction adaptation technologies, particularly in resource-
models still have high uncertainty, which makes and infrastructure-constrained developing
long-term adaptation planning difficult (Bahn et countries. This analysis is expected to shed light
al., 2015). This uncertainty makes it challenging on the factors that influence the effectiveness of

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adaptation technologies and how appropriate meaningful contribution to understanding and
strategies can be implemented to enhance developing technology-based climate change
community resilience to climate change. adaptation strategies.
This research aims to evaluate the social and
economic impacts of implementing adaptation C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
technologies to climate change. By The Impact of Climate Change on Various
understanding the relationship between Sectors of Life and the Urgency of Adaptation
technological innovation and social Technology Implementation
sustainability, this research is expected to Climate change has had major impacts on many
provide insights for policymakers, industry sectors of life, including agriculture, health, water
sectors, as well as communities to devise more resources, economics and infrastructure. Rising
effective measures to face the challenges of global temperatures, changing precipitation
climate change in the future. patterns and enhanced frequency of natural
disasters have reduced agricultural productivity,
B. METHOD enhanced public health risks and exacerbated
This research uses a literature study approach to water scarcity in many regions of the world
analyze adaptation technology to climate change (Harrison et al., 2015). As the challenges posed
and its impact on social and economic life. This by climate change become more complex, the
method was chosen because it allows an application of adaptation technologies is
exploration of previous research that has been becoming enhance urgent to ensure ecosystem
conducted in the field of climate change and sustainability and socioeconomic resilience.
adaptation technology. A systematic literature In the agricultural sector, changing weather
study provides a better understanding of the patterns and rising global temperatures have led
trends, challenges and effectiveness of to reduced crop yields and enhanced the risk of
adaptation technology based on credible crop failure. Adaptation technologies, such as the
academic sources (Berrang-Ford et al., 2015). development of drought-resistant crop varieties
This research was conducted by following the and artificial intelligence-based irrigation
systematic steps in the literature review, as systems, have been implement to mitigate the
suggested by Shaffril et al. (2021), namely negative impacts of climate change on the sector
through identification of research topics, (Trærup & Stephan, 2015). The application of
selection of literature based on relevance and precision agriculture systems that use sensors
credibility, evaluation of source quality, and and satellite data can help farmers optimize
thematic analysis of key findings. The main resource use and enhance production efficiency.
sources used were reputable international The impacts of climate change on the health
journals, research reports, and academic sector are also becoming more apparent,
publications. The literature search technique especially with rising temperature extremes
was conducted using scientific databases such contributing to the spread of tropical diseases
as ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google and an enhance in heatstroke cases. Studies
Scholar to ensure broad and in-depth coverage show that enhanced air pollution due to climate
of the topic under study. change can exacerbate respiratory diseases,
The analysis in this research was conducted using especially in urban areas with high emission
a qualitative analysis approach that emphasizes levels (Anabaraonye et al., 2020). To address
the identification of patterns, themes, and these challenges, adaptation technologies such
relationships between variables found in the as air quality monitoring systems and more
literature. Content analysis techniques were used disaster-resilient health infrastructure are
to classify the various forms of adaptation needed to protect public health.
technology that have been developed, challenges Water resources are also the sector most affected
in implementation, and the socio-economic by climate change, with many regions
impacts of their application (Sietsma et al., 2021). experiencing reduced availability of clean water
By synthesizing previous research, this study aims due to changing rainfall patterns and rising
to provide a comprehensive overview of the global temperatures. Seawater desalination
extent to which adaptation technology has been technologies and renewable energy-based
implemented and how it has impacted society wastewater treatment systems have been
(Biesbroek et al., 2018). With this systematic developed to ensure sustainable clean water
approach, this research is expected to make a supply (Aras et al., 2017). The implementation of

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rainwater harvesting and water management combines technology solutions with ecosystem-
systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has based mitigation, still requires further research
been shown to improve efficiency in water and support from various stakeholders.
resources management in various regions. Major challenges also arise in the energy sector,
The economic sector is not immune to the impacts especially to ensure a sustainable energy
of climate change, especially in terms of rising transition that takes into account adaptation
investment risks and global market instability. needs, in addition to technical aspects. Many
Enhance frequent natural disasters have caused developing countries still rely on fossil fuels due
major financial losses for many industries, to limited renewable energy infrastructure. In
including agriculture, energy and manufacturing fact, the development of adaptation technologies
(Martinich & Crimmins, 2019). To mitigate these in energy systems, such as smart grids and
risks, artificial intelligence-based financial battery-based energy storage, can enhance the
technology is being used to develop climate risk- resilience of energy systems to climate change
based insurance schemes and economic impact impacts (Lyster & Solis, 2016). Limited financial
prediction models of climate change. resources and policies that do not favor
In the infrastructure sector, climate change impacts renewable energy are the main barriers to the
have led to an enhance in the frequency of floods, heat implementation of these technologies.
waves and storms that damage public facilities and From an economic perspective, the lack of
buildings. Adaptation technology in the form of financing for research and implementation of
disaster-resistant architectural design and AI-based adaptation technologies is also a major obstacle.
intelligent transportation systems have been Many developing countries face difficulties in
implemented in several cities to reduce infrastructure allocating funds for investment in technologies
vulnerability to climate impacts (Aboulnaga et al., that can enhance resilience to climate change.
2019). With the integration of these technology, The debate between developed and developing
urban planning systems can be developed to be countries regarding the division of
more resilient to the challenges of climate change. responsibilities in adaptation funding remains
The impacts of climate change on various sectors an unresolved global issue (Carmin et al., 2015).
of life are enhance evident and complex. The A more equitable and transparent funding
implementation of adaptation technology must be mechanism is needed to support widespread
a top priority to ensure community resilience and adaptation technology innovation.
environmental sustainability. The government, Lack of coordination between central and local
private sector and civil society need to work governments is a major barrier to the
together to encourage technology innovation that implementation of adaptation strategies.
can effectively and sustainably address the Adaptation policies are often made without
challenges of climate change. Proper adaptation considering the needs and capacities at the local
measures can minimize climate change impacts level, leading to ineffectiveness in
and help maintain stable livelihoods amid implementation. A study conducted in Pakistan
environmental changes. showed that successful implementation of
adaptation policies relies heavily on the
Key Challenges in the Development and existence of strong local institutions, inter-
Implementation of Climate Change Adaptation governmental coordination, and active
Technology community involvement (Mumtaz, 2019). The
The development and implementation of climate success of adaptation strategies relies heavily on
change adaptation technology encounter collaborative and local needs-based approaches.
multidimensional challenges, covering technical, Social aspects are also a challenge that cannot
social, economics and policy aspects. One of the be ignored. Lack of community awareness and
main challenges is the lack of integration participation in the implementation of
between technology solutions and ecosystem- adaptation technologies can hinder their
based approaches in urban policies. Many cities effectiveness. Many communities still rely on
are experiencing rising temperatures and traditional methods to deal with climate change,
extreme weather events that threaten making them less receptive to new technologies.
infrastructure and residents' well-being, but While these methods have cultural value and
adaptation efforts are still limited to solutions historical relevance, they are not always
that are not effectively coordinated (Lin et al., sufficient to deal with increasingly complex
2021). A more comprehensive approach, which climate change. Studies show that educational

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campaigns and community-based approaches improving the economic well-being of
can help enhance the adoption of adaptation communities through job creation and local
technologies at the local level (Cuevas, 2015). economic growth (Jeong & Kim, 2019).
Social and economic challenges and climate From a societal perspective, adaptation
uncertainty also hamper long-term adaptation technologies also contribute to improved
planning. Many of adaptation technology are community well-being through reduced
designed based on current climate change vulnerability to climate change impacts.
projections, but variations in climate models Technologies such as early warning systems
make planning more complex and difficult to and artificial intelligence-based weather
predict (Salzmann et al., 2016). More flexible prediction models enable communities to be
and dynamic adaptation approaches are needed better prepared for natural disasters, reducing
to deal with changing climate scenarios. loss of life and economic losses. A study by
Overall, the challenges in developing and Enríquez-de-Salamanca et al. (2017) found that
implementing climate change adaptation the implementation of ecosystem-based
technology include technical, policy, economic, adaptation technologies and green
social and scientific aspects. Overcoming these infrastructure can improve people's quality of
challenges requires a multidisciplinary life by reducing air pollution, enhancing the
approach that integrates technology, evidence- availability of clean water, and strengthening
based policy, and the active involvement of resilience to natural disasters.
communities and the private sector. With In the finance and investment sector, adaptation
stronger collaboration, the implementation of technologies enable more inclusive funding
adaptation technologies can be more effective to schemes to support communities affected by
deal with the affect of climate change that are climate change. Weather index-based insurance
becoming more complex. models and blockchain-based financial systems
have been used to help farmers and fishermen
The Effect of Adaptation Technology on the reduce risks due to climate variability. The
Social and Economic Life of Communities involvement of the public and private sectors in the
Affected by Climate Change development of adaptation finance schemes can
Climate change adaptation technologies have a enhance the economic resilience of communities
significant impact on people's social and and reduce social inequalities to cope with climate
economic lives, especially to enhance change impacts (Buso & Stenger, 2015).
resilience to the impacts of extreme weather Adaptation technologies also play a role in
and environmental change. One of the most enhancing the efficiency of natural resource use,
affected sectors is agriculture, where which has a direct impact on the economy and
adaptation technologies such as artificial environmental sustainability. The
intelligence-based irrigation and breeding of implementation of IoT-based precision
drought-resistant crop varieties have agriculture and water management systems has
enhanced the efficiency of food production. helped reduce resource wastage, enhance crop
The study by Macháč et al. (2019) shows that yields, and optimize fertilizer and pesticide use.
the application of adaptation technologies in A study by Carter et al. (2018) shows that
agriculture reduces losses due to climate efficiency in resource utilization supported by
change, and provides significant social and adaptation technologies can reduce economic
economic benefits through enhanced pressure on communities and help them better
productivity and food security. adapt to climate change.
Adaptation technologies also impact the Another social impact of adaptation
economy of communities through the creation technologies is enhanced community
of new jobs, in addition to the agricultural awareness of climate change risks. Technology
sector. The development of adaptation not only serves as a technical adaptation tool,
technologies such as renewable energy, early but also as a means to convey information
warning systems, and disaster-resilient more widely and quickly. Better access to
infrastructure requires skilled labor, which information through digital-based
further enhance employment opportunities in communication technologies has enabled
various sectors. Investments in infrastructure communities to understand the adaptation
adaptation technologies reduce damage from strategies that work best for them. The study
natural disasters and have a positive impact on by Csete (2019) shows that community

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involvement in the implementation of technology can be optimized to the challenges of
adaptation technologies is crucial to ensure climate change and enhance community welfare in
their effectiveness in the long-term. a more inclusive and sustainable manner.
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