CAT Grade 10 Detailed Theory Notes

1. Introduction to Computer Applications Technology (CAT)

Computer Applications Technology (CAT) is the study of computer systems, their

components, and the use of end-user software applications to solve everyday problems. It
focuses on how computers and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are
used for data processing, storage, communication, and management in real-world
contexts.

In Grade 10, CAT introduces learners to the basic concepts of computing, including
hardware, software, data, information, and practical skills in applications such as Word
Processing, Spreadsheets, and Presentations.
2. Systems Technologies

Systems Technologies deal with the physical (hardware) and non-physical (software)
components of a computer system. These components work together to input, process,
store, and output data.

Key Concepts and Components:

• **Hardware:** The tangible, physical parts of a computer such as the keyboard, monitor,
CPU, and printer. • **Software:** The non-physical instructions or programs that tell the
computer what to do. Examples include operating systems and application software. •
**Data vs Information:** Data refers to raw facts and figures, while information is
processed data that has meaning. • **Input Devices:** Devices that enter data into the
computer (keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone). • **Output Devices:** Devices that
display or present information (monitor, printer, speakers). • **Storage Devices:** Used to
store data permanently or temporarily (hard drives, SSDs, USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs).
• **Processing:** The CPU performs calculations and executes instructions. • **Operating
System:** The software that manages hardware and other software (e.g., Windows,
macOS, Linux).

Examples:

For instance, when typing a document in Microsoft Word, the keyboard (input) sends data
to the CPU for processing, the information is stored on the hard drive (storage), and
displayed on the monitor (output).

Exam Practice Questions:

1. Define the term 'hardware'. 2. Differentiate between data and information with
examples. 3. Give three examples of output devices. 4. Explain the function of the
CPU in a computer system.
3. Network Technologies

Network Technologies focus on how computers and other devices connect and
communicate to share resources and data. A computer network allows multiple users to
share information, printers, and Internet access.

Types of Networks:

• **PAN (Personal Area Network):** Connects devices in a small area, such as between a
phone and a laptop using Bluetooth. • **LAN (Local Area Network):** Connects computers
in a local area like a school or office. • **WAN (Wide Area Network):** Connects
computers over large geographical areas, such as the Internet.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages include faster communication, shared resources, and centralized storage.

Disadvantages include the risk of data theft, viruses, and expensive setup costs.

Exam Practice Questions:

1. What is a computer network? 2. Name and describe three types of networks. 3. List
one advantage and one disadvantage of using a network.
4. Internet Technologies

Internet Technologies deal with the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW)
for accessing and sharing information. The Internet is a global network connecting millions
of computers.

• **Web Browser:** A program used to access websites (e.g., Google Chrome, Microsoft
Edge). • **Search Engine:** Software that helps users find information online (e.g.,
Google, Bing). • **URL (Uniform Resource Locator):** The address of a web page. •
**E-Communication:** Refers to electronic communication tools such as email, social
media, and instant messaging. • **Netiquette:** The correct and respectful way to
communicate online.

Examples:

Using Gmail to send messages to a teacher is an example of e-communication. Typing

‘www.education.gov.za’ in your browser’s address bar opens the Department of
Education’s website.

Exam Practice Questions:

1. What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web? 2. Define the
term 'URL'. 3. Give two examples of search engines. 4. Explain what netiquette
means.
5. Information Management

Information Management involves collecting, processing, analyzing, and presenting data

to make decisions. It teaches learners how to handle data effectively using ICT tools such
as spreadsheets and word processors.

Steps in the Information Management Process:

1. **Identify the Problem:** Understand what needs to be solved. 2. **Gather Data:** Use
surveys, questionnaires, or online research. 3. **Process Data:** Use software like Excel
to organize and analyze data. 4. **Interpret Results:** Make conclusions based on the
data. 5. **Present Findings:** Use PowerPoint or Word to report the results. 6.
**Acknowledge Sources:** Always cite sources to avoid plagiarism.

Example:

If you want to find out how many students prefer digital learning tools, you can use a
questionnaire to gather responses, use Excel to analyze the data, and then create a
presentation to show your findings.

Exam Practice Questions:

1. What is the difference between data and information? 2. List and explain the steps
in the information management process. 3. Why is it important to acknowledge
sources in a report?
6. Social Implications

Social Implications examine how computers and ICTs affect people, society, and the
environment. It includes issues such as ethical use, health, safety, and environmental
awareness.

• **Ethical Issues:** Avoiding plagiarism, respecting copyright, and using legal software. •
**Security Issues:** Protecting computers from viruses, using passwords, and avoiding
phishing. • **Health Issues:** Maintaining good posture and taking breaks to prevent eye
strain. • **Environmental Issues:** Promoting green computing and proper e-waste
disposal. • **Social Effects:** Understanding the impact of ICTs on communication, jobs,
and lifestyle.

Example:

A student who uses antivirus software and avoids downloading illegal files demonstrates
ethical and secure computer use.

Exam Practice Questions:

1. Define 'green computing'. 2. Give two ways to reduce health risks when using a
computer. 3. What is software piracy? 4. Explain one positive and one negative impact
of ICT on society.
Conclusion

Computer Applications Technology equips learners with practical and theoretical

knowledge to understand and apply ICT in everyday life. Grade 10 lays the foundation for
further study by teaching the core concepts of computing, networks, and responsible
technology use.