Tomasina Salazar 2011-2840

Unidad 1. Actividad 3. Entregable. Métodos de estudio de la filosofía

Content of Virtual Note

The method is a path, an orderly way of acting to do something.

filosofía significa el procedimiento que se sigue para la búsqueda de la verdad y
also to transmit that knowledge.

Retrieved on June 22, 2018 from https://filosofia.laguia2000.com/general/metodos-

of philosophy

Activity to be carried out

Prepare a comparative table in which you show the study methods of the
philosophy with its characteristics and authors.

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Canva can be used to create presentations, concept maps, diagrams, and designs.
Tutorial

Socratic Method.

This method of dialectics consists of the characteristics of the

help to discover the truth through maieutics are:
same. It was adopted by Plato
to express a particular aspect a).-Did not start with definitions
from Socratic teaching. For two theorems to deduce from them and
Socrates, teaching is not the classify with your help the
delivery of a truth from the outside, concrete phenomena of the world and
if not the lighting operated in the human life.
disciple by the consistent master b).-Starting with the facts
in which the disciple discovers the particulars, asking y
truth that lies within its intimacy obtaining answers, it was rising
and that I was unaware of. to the ideas and convictions of order
superior.
c).-Did not present the disciple who
era the interlocutor systems
finishes, but it was placed in
his point of view leading him to
express sus ideas
carefully. If they were correct
I confirmed them with new ones.
explanations and developments; if they were
incorrect ones demonstrated their absurdity
admitting them first, to guide the
disciple after the legitimate ones
conclusions of the misconception.
d).-All this was verified by doing
questions loading in the
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questioned the weight of ideas,

taking out new strengths from each
error that discovered in their
reasonings assisted by the
irony.
e).- Ideas should not be implanted.
according to Socrates, from the outside but not
develop logically within
the consciousnessfrom disciple
interrogated. They were to grow in the
active spirit of the interlocutor until
that were sufficiently clear
to express oneself, to come to light.

INDUCTIVE METHOD AND

DEDUCTIVE.
The deductive method: it is not the These two methods are actually,
more suitable for Sociology, equally necessary according to
but, in any case, the method the subjects that are studied and to the
inductive, with its stages of purposes that are pursued. By
observation hypothesis a part of the geometric spirits
they have no taste other than for the
experimentation and induction. The
deduction. According to Pascal "The
deduction is more manageable
The method to avoid mistakes is by searching.
easy and safe, engendering a
metaphysical certainty that excludes around the world: the logical ones
they profess to drive towards
up to the same possibility of
there, only the geometers
doubt. they arrive there and outside of their knowledge and
The mechanism of induction: that which imitates it does not exist in
this is more dedicated to the absolute true demonstration.
occasions of error, are more The same Descartes reduced by
numerous because the experiencethe rigor del procedure
what is the starting point mathematician and of absolute certainty
obliged only allows to reach the what it generates, believes it can be applied
physical certainty. Science acknowledges
to all science and to all object. In
two methods radically place to observe nature, the
different, imposed by the guess, and pretend to deduce a priori
the very nature of objectives (before observation) the laws
what studies: The inductive method of the material world. On the other hand,
and the Deductive Method. The certain spirits that are said to
Inductive method: based on positive, they appreciate only the
the experience determined the observation. We have seen Bacon
laws of nature and establishes to become the exclusive champion
of the inductive method, up to the point
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the agreement of thought with to disregard the role and scope

the objects. Its principle is the from the syllogism, besides not seeing in
principle of causality with its it is a source of error when
immediate color, the uniformity it applies to the sciences of the
of the course of nature, the nature.
principle of laws. The method
inductive is the method of
invention; the deductive method is
rather a method of
demonstration.
ANALOGICAL METHOD.

Analytical Method: Movement Characteristics of the Method

philosophical of analytical character:
anti-metaphysical what it encompasses the rejection of traits
various trends. To this speculative thinking
Many philosophical ideas are incorporated into the movement.
of those who work on issues of b).-The reduction of thought
symbolic logic and semiotics. philosophical to critical thinking and
analytical, with the consequent
discovery of the problems
traditional like messes
caused by the complexities
of ordinary language. Alongside it
it is common, but not exclusive to
the analytical trends, the
denial that philosophy has
a proper object; with it the
philosophy is reduced to an exam
of the propositions in order to
find out whether you have it or not
meaning: -If they are rules
logical (or linguistic) -If they are
propositions about facts - If
they are just my expressions of
emotions. These common bases
no son sufficient for
characterize none of the
analytical call trends.
Each of them also possesses,
own characters and sometimes
hardly comparable to the
of other trends.

DISCURSIVE METHOD AND

INTUITIVE.
The intuition that was presented to us
insistently in the history of
philosophical thought like the
fundamental method, main, of
modern philosophy. Descartes
it was, in modern philosophy the
first deconstructing into
its elements the attitudes in
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that we find ourselves in front of the world

exterior and before the oppositions
transmitted from the philosophers.
Descartes makes intuition the
primordial method of philosophy,
the intuition method is still
in flourishing among philosophers
modern The employ
mainly the philosophers and
German idealists (Hegel) and in
the current method of the
intuition is also generally
applied in the disciplines
philosophical.
DESCARTES / METHOD
Dialectical.
Hegel's most famous theory
the dialectic, the universal law of
become, and, inclusive, like the
same process of change. It
It applies to all beings, whether spiritual or
material, to think is dialectical, and
lo same the history delete
thought, the changes of the
physical bodies. Definition of the
método dialéctico:a).- Definición
Etymological: The dialectical term
it derives from Greek literally
it means the art of reasoning, of
to reason, to dispute or to dialogue.
b).- Descriptive definition: art
del dialogue art of the
conversation. The term
dialectical and more properly the
dialectical art expression was in
close relationship with the word
dialogue; dialectical art can
primarily define oneself as the
art of dialogue. The same as in
dialogue, in dialectics there are two
reasons among which are
establish precisely a
dialogue.
The dialectic according to Plato: This
Socratic method of the
interrogation, of the question and the
response, is the one that Plato,
disciple of Socrates
perfects. Plato perfects the
Socratic maieutics and it
turns into what he calls the
dialectics. Plato The dialectic
Platonic preserves the elements
fundamentals of maieutics
Socratic. The Platonic dialectic
 Tomasina Salazar 2011-2840

preserves the idea that the method

philosophical is a counterposition,
not of different opinions, but of
an opinion or her criticism.
PLATO / METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL.
The sensible experience. The
philosophy occupies a special place
among all the sciences. Its object
material (all things) and its
object formal (the things
) supremas, is the reason for this
particular range. From this
the object is as can be seen with
clarity that the philosophical method
it has to be experimental-
rational. (here experimental does not
refers to experiments like in the
physics or in chemistry, if not to the
experience sensible. The
sensitive experience is therefore the
first step in the method
philosophical. Philosophy, just like
all knowledge is part of the data
sensible. There are no innate ideas, nor
in ethics, nor in logic, nor also
in theodicy or in ontology. Everything
what we have in the mind has
based on sensitive data. In
the last years, the term
empiricism has acquired a
more flexible meaning, and now
is used in relation to
any philosophical system that
extract all its elements from
reflection on the experience. In
United States William James
he called his philosophy empiricism
radical y John Dewey coined the
immediate empiricism term
to define and describe your notion
from experience. The term laws
empirical applies to those
principles that express the
relations that, as can be seen,
they exist among the phenomena, without
that involve the explanation or
cause of the phenomena themselves
HUME / RATIONAL METHOD.
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Once the need is established

from sensitive experience, it is
indispensable complement
making the demand of the
rational method. If the senses
they go in search of the material object
from philosophy, intelligence goes in
search for its formal object that
It is in the supreme causes. The
the method of philosophy is, therefore,
experimental-rational. System of
thought that emphasizes the role
of reason in the acquisition of
knowledge, in contrast with the
empiricism, which highlights the role of
the experience, above all the
sense of perception. The
rationalism has appeared from
different ways from the
first stages of philosophy
western, but identifies before
everything with the tradition that comes from
of the French philosopher and scientist of
17th century René Descartes, which
I believedwhat the geometry
represented the ideal of all the
sciences and also of philosophy.
He maintained that only through the
reason certain could be discovered
universal, obvious truths
in itself, of those that are possible
deduce the rest of the contents of
philosophy and the sciences.
He was expressing that these truths
they were evident in themselves, not
derivatives of experience. This
type of rationalism was
developed by other philosophers
Europeans, like the French Baruch
Spinoza and the thinker and
German mathematician Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz. They opposed
she the British empiricists,
like John Locke and David Hume,
that they believed all ideas
they came from the senses.
TRANSCENDENTAL METHOD OR
I CRITIQUE THE METHOD
Kantian Philosophy.
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The transcendental method consists of This method can be taken

project attention, not on the two main directions:
objects themselves, but on knowledge 1.- In scholastic language
that gives us, investigating the foundations means, each of the attributes
o elements a priori of which surpasses the categories
knowledge. It is, therefore, Aristotelian, predicated of all
of the investigation of beings. They are transcendental:
necessary conditions of any one, beautiful, true, good.
experience. The critique of reason 2.-Kant, this philosopher gives to the term
Kant's pure establishes in its a distinct acceptance understanding
results through this method. for transcendental the study of the
ways in which we know the
objects in relation to our
knowledge is possible through
a priori principles, transcendent to
the very consciousness, in the sense
that they do not derive from it, but
applicable alone a data
supplied by experience.
For Kant, in such a way, time and
space son categories
transcendental because they are forms
a priori.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD.

Definition of phenomenological: The phenomenological method consists of

Etymological definition: The term refers to the objects of acts of
phenomenological comes from of convenience (experience) in which it
Greek, fainomenon: appearance, offers us and in studying the
manifestation, fact, phenomena, structures of convenience in your
logos and treaty. Treaty on ideal generality, this, as
the phenomena. Definitions Edmundo Husserl
arbitrary: The Phenomenological is the (1859-1938) is who primarily
fundamental science of the different introduces the word Phenomenology
philosophical disciplines. The diverse in this sense. Their conceptions
philosophical disciplines (logic, ethics, methodological) exerted an influence
etc.), can rise to the level of being decisive about European philosophy,
rigorous sciences at the same level of y, in part also, about the
the mathematics itself, if it serves American.
for the justification of the method
phenomenological.
EDMUND HUSSERL
ANALYTICAL METHOD
LINGUISTIC.
Analytical philosophy, movement
theoretical emerged in the 20th century,
dominant in Great Britain and
United States since World War II
World Cup, which aims to clarify the
language and analyze the concepts
expressed in it. This movement
has received various appointments,
as linguistic analysis, empiricism
logical, logical positivism, analysis
from Cambridge and philosophy of Oxford.
The last two rankings are
they derive from the universities
english where this method
 Tomasina Salazar 2011-2840

philosophical has been influential in a

special form. Although none
specific doctrine or dogma are
accepted by the movement as
a whole, the analytic philosophers and
linguists agree that the
the activity characteristic of philosophy is
clarify the language or, as some
they prefer to clarify concepts. The
the object of this activity is
resolve philosophical disputes and
to resolve philosophical problems,
which, they claim, originate in the
linguistic confusion.
WITTGENSTEIN / METHOD
HERMENEUTIC.
Art of interpreting texts to establish
its true meaning. In a
it was initially used in the study of
the theology y he applied
specifically to the interpretation
of the Sacred Scriptures, but their
use has expanded since the century
XIX until covering the theories
philosophical aspects of meaning and the
understanding, as well as the theories
literary aspects of textual interpretation.
The theorists of hermeneutics of
century XIX how Friedrich
Schleiermacher y William
Dilthey understood comprehension
as a process of reconstruction
psychological, it to say of
reconstruction, by the reader,
from the author's original intention. In
in this sense, the text is the expression
of the feelings of its author and the
interpreters must try to put themselves
in the author's place to revive the
creator act.