TOM & Jerry Explains

LangGraph and LangChain

SANGEETHA
@CAREERBYTECODE
Think of Building AI Apps Like a
Tom & Jerry Episode
Tom has a plan (your workflow), Jerry creates chaos (edge
cases), and everything needs to work together despite the
mayhem. That's exactly what these frameworks help you
manage.
LangGraph: The Master
Planner
LangGraph is like Tom's elaborate trap sequences.
Each trap is a node, connected in a specific order,
with backup plans if Jerry escapes one step.
LangChain: The Tool
Builder
LangChain is Tom's toolbox springs, mousetraps,
magnets, and cheese. Individual tools that can be
combined in countless ways to catch Jerry (solve your
problem).
LangGraph: 10 Steps to Build
Dynamic AI Workflows

01

Define app objective

Clearly state what your app should achieve

02

Build graph-based nodes

Divide workflow into specific function nodes

03

Integrate LangChain parts

Use tools, prompts, and retrievers inside nodes

04

Assign node states

Track progress with active, waiting, or complete status

05

Connect state transitions

Define how nodes lead to each other
LangGraph Steps Continued
01

Deploy and monitor

Launch app and track performance metrics

02

Troubleshoot edge cases

Handle rare or confusing user inputs gracefully

03

Test complete workflow

Run end-to-end to ensure smooth node communication

04

Enable parallel task execution

Allow multiple nodes to run simultaneously

05

Add memory handler

Remember previous interactions and states
LangGraph in Action: The
Chase Sequence

Node 1: Spot Jerry. Node 2: Choose trap. Node 3a:

Set trap OR Node 3b: Chase directly. Each decision
creates a new path through the graph.
LangChain: 10 Steps to Build Modular
LLM Apps
01

Pick your LLM provider

Choose base model like OpenAI or Anthropic

02

Set up prompt templates

Design reusable formats for consistent responses

03

Build modular chains

Connect prompts and tools into logical pipelines

04

Add functional tools

Attach external APIs, search, or calculators

05

Link external data sources

Connect databases, PDFs, or APIs for context
LangChain Steps Continued
01

Monitor and update

Regularly check performance and adjust prompts

02

Deploy as app
Turn workflow into production-ready application

03

Debug and refine logic

Fix errors and optimize through testing

04

Evaluate prompt performance

Measure accuracy of generated outputs

05

Implement memory system

Add short-term or long-term contextual memory
LangChain in Action: Tom's
Toolbox
Each tool (chain component) works independently but
can combine with others. The mousetrap works alone,
but add cheese and a trigger, and you've built a
complete solution.
The Key Difference

LangGraph
Builds dynamic, multi-agent AI flows with
state management and complex decision trees

LangChain
Builds structured, tool-based LLM apps with
modular chains and external integrations
Real-World Use Case #1:
Customer Support Chatbot

LangChain provides the tools: sentiment analysis,

knowledge base retrieval, ticket creation. LangGraph
orchestrates the flow: greet customer → analyze issue →
route to FAQ or human → follow up.
Customer Support Flow
Breakdown

Initial Contact
User asks question, LangChain
analyzes intent and sentiment

Knowledge Check
LangGraph decides: search FAQ, check
docs, or escalate to human

Response & Follow-up

Provide answer, create ticket if
needed, schedule follow-up check
Real-World Use Case #2:
Research Assistant
LangChain connects to academic databases, PDF
parsers, and citation tools. LangGraph manages the
research workflow: query → search multiple sources →
synthesize findings → verify facts → generate report.
Research Assistant Workflow

1 Query Analysis
Break down research question into searchable
components

2 Multi-Source Search
Parallel searches across databases using
LangChain tools

3 Synthesis
LangGraph coordinates fact-checking and
summarization nodes

4 Report Generation
Compile findings with proper citations and
formatting
Real-World Use Case #3:
Code Review Automation
LangChain provides syntax checkers, security scanners,
and style guides. LangGraph orchestrates the review:
scan code → check security → verify tests → suggest
improvements → generate report.
Code Review Automation Flow

Code Ingestion
Pull request triggers workflow, code parsed by LangChain

Parallel Analysis
LangGraph runs security, style, and logic checks
simultaneously

Intelligent Feedback
Prioritize issues, suggest fixes, generate actionable
comments

Human Review
Flag complex issues for senior developer
attention
Why This Matters for Developers

Faster Development
Pre-built components reduce coding time from weeks to days

Better Reliability
State management and error handling built into the framework

Easy Scaling
Add complexity without rewriting your entire application
The Tom & Jerry Lesson
Just like Tom needs both a plan (LangGraph) and
tools (LangChain), your AI apps need orchestration
and capabilities. Use them together for maximum
impact.
Ready to Build Your AI
App?
Start with LangChain for simple tools and chains.
When you need complex workflows with multiple
agents and state management, add LangGraph to
orchestrate everything.

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 SANGEETHA
PLATFORM DIRECTOR

CAREERBYTECODE

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