International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology

Fingerprint-Based Smart Digital Life Certificate Using Mobile

Technology
Muhammad Abid Khan1, Kamran Ahsan1, Muhammad Khalid Shaikh2, Sana Irshad3
1
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Millennium Institute of Technology and
Entrepreneurship, Karachi
2
Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology,
Pakistan
3
Department of Computer Science, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Citation| Khan. M. A, Ahan. K, Shaikh. M, Irshad. S, “Fingerprint Based Smart Digital Life
Certificate Using Mobile Technology”, IJIST, Vol. 07 Issue. 02 pp 1098-1119, May 2025
Received| April 06, 2025 Revised| May 30, 2025 Accepted| 01 June, 2025 Published|
June 03, 2025.

A pension plan is a savings solution for pensioners that plays a vital role in pensioner’s
life after retirement. Different pension disbursing systems have been implemented
which aim to support individual pensioners after retirement. This study highlights
several critical issues for pensioners. Most of the pensioners are of old age, and it is difficult
for them to move physically towards the concerned authority for life authentication in a
periodic manner. This study proposes a model for pension disbursing based on the fingerprint
scanner-enabled smartphone. The proposed model is designed for pensioners’ bi-annual
authentication and issuance of Digital Life Certificates (DLC) ubiquitously. The proposed
model eliminates the physical presence and traveling expenses. The Hammer and Champy
methodology are utilized to construct the model while the Delphi method is used for
evaluating the proposed model. This study involves quantitative research to investigate the
behavioural intention to accept fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphones for the pension-
receiving process. The data was analysed by applying the goodness-of-fit Chi-square test to
inspect the efficiency and impact of the adoption of a mobile-based biometric fingerprint
system (MBFPS) for the pension disbursing system.
Keywords: Pension, Pensioner, Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Digital Life
Certificate (DLC), Fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphone.

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Introduction:
A pension serves as an alternative form of monthly payment for individuals after
retirement. It promotes a culture of saving and provides a dependable and secure source of
income during post-employment years [1], [2]. The pension amount is accumulated
throughout employment and, upon retirement, is disbursed monthly to support the basic living
needs of each pensioner. As people age, their ability to work diminishes, and they prefer to
retire. After this transition, individuals often worry about covering monthly expenses to
maintain their standard of living [3], [4]. The pension system is designed to ensure financial
stability and a better quality of life for employees after their working years end. Pension
schemes are flexible, cost-effective, tax-efficient, and portable options for retirement savings.
Pensioners may choose to receive their benefits either as a lump sum or as regular monthly
payments deposited directly into their bank accounts. These systems aim to provide financial
assistance to those experiencing loss of income due to old age, disability, or the death of a
family breadwinner [5]. A pension offers comprehensive protection from investment risks,
health issues, and financial insecurity after retirement [6], [7].
Under the Employees’ Pension Scheme, payments are made directly to the retired
individual, while the Employees’ Family Pension Scheme ensures benefits for eligible
dependents in the event of the pensioner's death. Globally, pension systems are administered
by state authorities [8], [9]. Pension frameworks are typically classified as either contributory
or non-contributory systems, as shown in Figure 1. The contributory system plays a pivotal
role in income support for retirees [10], employing either the funding or benefit method for
disbursement.

Figure 1. Pension System

A fully earnings-related model, which is a funding method within the contributory
structure, ties pension benefits directly to the employee’s salary and cumulative contributions
during their career. Various financing mechanisms fall under this method (Figure 1). In a Pay-
As-You-Go approach, current workers contribute based on earnings, and these funds are used
to pay current retirees. In contrast, the fully funded scheme relies on individuals contributing
to personal investment accounts.
The benefit method represents another approach within the contributory system. This
employer-backed plan calculates pension amounts using a predetermined formula that
incorporates factors such as income history and duration of service. Two main schemes fall
under this category: the defined benefit and defined contribution plans. In the defined benefit
plan, retirees receive a fixed annual amount based on past earnings and service years. It is the
responsibility of the employer to ensure adequate investment to cover future payouts.
The defined contribution plan, also referred to as the money purchase scheme, involves
contributions from both the pensioner and the employer to a personal retirement fund. The
fund’s final value depends on total contributions and the cost of annuity purchase at

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 International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
retirement. Pensioners can opt to withdraw the entire amount as a lump sum or receive it in
periodic instalments. This scheme permits a tax-free withdrawal of up to 25% of the total
fund, with the remaining portion taxed as per annual income regulations. For individuals with
insufficient income who cannot contribute regularly to a pension fund, the non-contributory
system offers minimum guaranteed support. It targets those unable to afford the contributory
option [10].
To enrol in a pension scheme, individuals must complete a registration form and
submit identification documents, including biometric data and contact details. Upon
successful registration, a unique 17-digit Pension Payment Order (PPO) number is issued.
Confirmation of registration is sent via SMS and email to the pensioner’s registered contact
information. Bi-annual biometric verification is mandatory for life authentication. Over time,
fingerprint quality deteriorates due to the natural aging process; skin loses elasticity, and ridge
patterns become less distinct. The epidermis and dermis layers [11] are thin with age,
complicating biometric scanning. Therefore, pensioners must undergo re-verification every six
months to confirm their continued eligibility. Countries worldwide have implemented
comprehensive systems to support their retirees. Elderly individuals often face physical and
emotional challenges, such as isolation, fatigue, housing issues, diminished confidence, and
unfamiliarity with technology. They may also suffer from health conditions, including hearing,
vision, and memory loss [12], [13], [14].
In Pakistan, under the Direct Credit Scheme (D.C.S), pensioners receive their
payments through the National Bank of Pakistan. Disbursement regulations are governed by
Civil Service Rules (C.S.R) to prevent fraud and ensure transparency. Pensioners must submit
an authority letter, an attested D.C.S. form, an indemnity bond on stamped paper, and their
pension book to the Accountant General Pakistan Revenues (A.G.P.R). The A.G.P.R then
issues the PPO for payment processing. Biometric re-verification every six months is again
required in Pakistan for proof of life, as aging impacts fingerprint clarity. The gradual
degradation of skin layers [11] makes verification a recurring necessity to maintain pension
disbursements.
This study presents a comprehensive and integrated overview of pension systems with
a particular focus on challenges faced in biometric verification by elderly people. This is an
often-overlooked aspect of the current pension system in place in Pakistan. Previous
researchers had focused on financial structures and policy frameworks only; however, this
work uniquely highlights the intersection of aging-related biometric degeneration and digital
authentication requirements. This research also explores the contributory and non-
contributory pension mechanisms parallel to each other using Pakistan as a case study. This
research is multifaceted as it focuses on technology, biological aspects, and procedural facets
of the current pension system of Pakistan.
Family Pension:
Around the world, eligible pensioners are categorized based on specific terms and
conditions. If a pension recipient fails to meet any of the required criteria, they will be deemed
ineligible to receive the pension. Pension payments are received directly by the pensioner while
they are alive. After the pensioner’s death, these payments can be received indirectly by their
family members through a family pension, which is provided to support the pensioner’s family.
A family pension may be caused due to the in-service death of an employee or due to the death
of a pensioner. The direct pensioner is a pensioner who gets a pension itself. The indirect
pensioner is a person who is legally allowed to receive a pension after the pensioner’s death.
After the death of a pensioner, the pension can be received by kids, the wife of a male
pensioner, the husband of a female pensioner, or parents as per family pension rules shown
in Table 1. At one time, only one individual can receive a pension under specific terms and
conditions.
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Table 1. Indirect Pensioner Characteristic
S. no Indirect pensioners Specific terms and conditions
1 Wife of a male pensioner Forever
2 Husband of a female pensioner Forever
3 Parents Until 5 years
4 Child Until the age of 18 years
5 Unmarried daughter Until the age of 18 years

Kids
6 Divorced and widowed Until the second marriage
daughter
7 Disable child Forever
Pensioner’s Challenges:
Retirement is a period of relaxation for pensioners while financial or medical issues
spoil relaxation dreams. After retirement, pensioners are interested in being comfortable in all
parts of life [13], [11]. Pensioners often encounter numerous challenges when receiving their
pension or submitting a life certificate. A lack of familiarity with smart technology and limited
education further complicate the process for many retired individuals. In existing frameworks
for disbursing pension, a retired person needs to wait in the specific pension queue to get a
pension payment. Standing in queues for a long time is troublesome for pensioners in old age.
Bi-annual verification for pensioner’s life authentication is arranged according to
governmental rules; the pensioner needs to visit the respective bank or organization admin
officer/medical officer and provides the confirmation of life for proceeding monthly pension.
A pensioner obtains the life certificate through manual verification, either from the concerned
bank, the employees’ organization’s administrative officer, or a medical officer, and it is then
attested by the Consulate General of Pakistan (C.G.P).
For the attestation of the life certificate, the pensioner has to be physically present at
the consulate along with the original NIC and sign the document in the presence of the
consular officer. Most pensioners are elderly and face various challenges such as traveling long
distances alone, health problems, and waiting in long queues. Additionally, some pensioners
relocate to different urban areas or even move abroad. Pensioners living abroad often wish to
receive their monthly pension at their new location, but in many cases, there is no formal
system in place to facilitate pension payments at their current residence. In some countries,
the traditional manual system of accepting pension cheques has been replaced by plastic card-
based payment methods [3], [15], [16]. These cards have different risks like physical damage,
stealing and then misuse, leakage of password, credit not accessible, over credit limit, etc. If a
plastic card is stolen, it can cause significant problems for the retired person. Physical damage
[15] (bending of plastic cards might bend or break its circuit, magnetic material ruin the plastic
card, scratches on the chip, dropping of plastic card in water, etc.) can make it useless. In this
situation, a pensioner needs to re-apply for the issuance of a plastic card, which is a tedious
procedure.
Related Work:
To provide retirement shelter to pensioners, state and local governments establish
retirement plans. With the advancements in technology innovations, some creative
frameworks are adopted in pension disbursing procedure which provides assistance to the
pensioner smartly. Some of the systems have been described:
Existing pension systems of India:
Jeevan pramaan pension system:
Jeevan Pramaan is a pension disbursing framework offered by the Government of
India [12], [16]. In this framework, an online digital life certificate is generated. It utilizes the
Aadhaar stage for biometric confirmation of pensioners through a fingerprint. Jeevan
Pramaan's framework eliminates the physical presence of pensioners for life authentication or
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receiving life certificates. In the Jeevan Pramaan framework, the pensioner needs to install the
desktop application of Jeevan Pramaan and configure a peripheral fingerprint scanner with the
application. The desktop application of Jeevan Pramaan requires some information about
contact number, Aadhaar number, and PPO number, then this framework generates a One-
Time Password (OTP) code which is received at the pensioner’s mobile device. After
inserting an OTP code, the pensioner needs to provide a biometric fingerprint by using the
peripheral fingerprint scanner. After authentication, an SMS is sent to the pensioner’s mobile
device for the acknowledgment of Jeevan Pramaan certificate ID then the system generates
the pensioner’s digital life certificate and stores it in its database which can be accessed by the
pensioner or the pension disbursing agencies. The pensioner can also download a PDF copy
of the digital life certificate for further use.
Biometric Smart Cards Pension System:
Plastic cards are the most widely used method for digital payments worldwide, and
their usage continues to grow year after year. Biometric smart card is a sub-category of
biometric payment card which is a credit or debit card that uses the cardholder’s fingerprint
to authenticate transactions. This type of card has a built-in biometric fingerprint chip for
cardholders’ authentication. Biometric smart card system used locally hired bank-appointed
staff to biometrically authenticate the pensioner and make pension cash payments at the
pensioner's doorstep. In this system, the pensioner provides biometric data (ten fingerprints)
and a digital photo to create unique identification. Bank-appointed staff reaches the
pensioner's doorstep along with a biometric reader machine and reads the
pensioner's biometric smart card that has a chip with the thumb impression. The biometric
reader machine spits out a slip just like an ATM, and then staff gives the pension payment to
the pensioner at the doorstep. This payment inquiry registers at the bank's central server then
the revenue department has captured the fingerprints and photo of the pensioner. In this
system, pensioners may make a decision to get a full pension at once or an instalment.
Existing pension systems of Australia and Haryana:
Cashless debit card pension system:
The Australian Government introduced the Cashless Debit Card (CDC) program [17],
[18] for pensioners, which is issued by Indue Limited. CDC is not only used for receiving
pensions it is also used for paying expenditure bills that provide flexibility and financial
freedom to a pensioner. The pensioner needs to activate the CDC with an online Personal
Identification Number (PIN) that must be used for each transaction. A pensioner can use this
CDC at shops or businesses that accept Cashless Debit to make purchases accept some
restricted items. The CDC functions like a regular bank card; however, it does not allow
pensioners to withdraw cash from ATMs or receive cash back when making purchases at store
checkouts. A pensioner can check their balance and transaction history online or through a
free mobile app. They can also turn the CDC on or off using a Card ON/OFF switch. When
the card is turned off, it can't be used for any transactions. The CDC does not verify a
pensioner’s identity at the time of receiving a pension. If the card is lost or stolen, the
pensioner can block it through their online account settings or by calling the customer service
centre. A replacement card can be ordered free of charge [19], [20].
E- Pension System:
The Government of Haryana introduced an enabled e-pension system for pensioners
to provide digital life certificates who are registered with the state treasuries. It includes
pension processing at district-level treasury and it disburses pension payment through
pensioner’s bank account on the due date. The Treasury officer receives the PPO from the
Accountant General (AG) office or enters the relevant data about the PPO in the e-pension
system after the verification of the live pensioner from a peripheral biometric reader/ scanner
machine and generates a life certificate online then forwards to the Pension Disbursement Cell
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(PDC). The office of treasury releases the first pension to the pensioner’s account. The data
is recorded in the e-pension system and then forwarded to the Pension Disbursement Cell
(PDC) for disbursement of pension for the next month onwards. Officers of the treasury
office are authorized to update pensioner’s PPO and alteration of data must be reported in
the PDC. Pensioners can get a digital life certificate from any of the nearest Jeevan Pramaan
Centres or treasury offices after the submission of life authentication without visiting the
concerned treasury. This system uses Aadhar-based Bio-metric authentication for verification
of pensioner’s life so there is no chance of fake verification by treasury officers. In this system,
pensioners do not need to visit the pension disbursing authority every year for the submission
of life certificates. They can submit their Life Certificate at any nearby Jeevan Pramaan Centre.
They also have the option to submit a Digital Life Certificate from home, which requires an
internet connection and a biometric reader or scanner device. This system eliminates the
physical traveling of pensioners but it requires a peripheral biometric reader/ scanner machine
which creates hurdles for pensioners or treasury officers.
Existing Pension Systems Pakistan:
The Government of Pakistan has introduced policies and strategies to address pension
disbursement issues. One key step is the use of biometric verification for pension payments
[15], [21]. The following programs were launched by the Government of Pakistan to facilitate
pensioners Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution (EOBI), ATM card (which is
red), NADRA e-Sahulat, and Easypaisa.
Employees Old-Age Benefit Institution (EOBI) pension system:
Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution (EOBI) [22], [23] introduced the pension
disbursing framework officially among its registered pensioners through ATM cards. EOBI
joined hands with Bank Alfalah to implement the pension process for employees’
contributions and pension disbursement. In this process, the pensioner needs to open an
EOBI pension wallet account and receive a red ATM card. They visit any Alfalah Bank branch
and present their CNIC and passbook for verification. After this, they complete biometric
verification for profiling. A form is printed and signed by the pensioner and branch
officer. The pensioner’s wallet account is opened then the bank delivers an EOBI pension
card to the pensioner to receive a monthly pension securely. Using this ATM card the
pensioner can withdraw his pension from any ATM. On the 1st of every month, the
pensioner’s wallet account is credited with the pension amount, and an SMS is sent, the
pensioner is able to withdraw the pension from the account by using Bank Alfalah ATMs
across Pakistan. For the confirmation of the pensioner’s life, bi-annual verification is required
which is performed through a biometrics system at the nearest Telenor outlet location or any
Bank Alfalah branch. In case of an error in the verification process or over a limit of bi-annual
verification, the account of a pensioner is suspended. They receive an SMS for suspension of
account before one month. The system will restore the pensioner’s account whenever he/she
provides biometric verification at the nearest Telenor outlet location or any Bank Alfalah
branch.
Nadra-E-Sahulat Pension System:
NADRA e-Sahulat is an enhanced version of the ATM card to assist pensioners in
receiving a pension. In collaboration with NADRA and the Employees Old-Age Benefits
Institution (EOBI), a Smart National Identity Card (SNIC)-based system has been
introduced to help EOBI pensioners receive their pensions. In this system, EOBI pensioner
receives a pension through a chip-based SNIC with live biometric verification at NADRA
e-Sahulat franchises across Pakistan. This system provides transparency in pension
disbursement and pensioners can withdraw pension payments from the nearest NADRA e-
Sahulat outlet, but this system does not create a digital life certificate for a pensioner.

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Easy Paisa Pension System
Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution (EOBI) with the collaboration of Easypasia
has designed a pension disbursing system to facilitate pensioners conveniently. Through this
system, pensioner registers may register at the closest service centres or enterprises to receive
a monthly pension. Pensioners need to visit the nearest Easypaisa service centre or enterprise
along with a pension book and unique ID card to register and withdraw pension payments.
A summary of the existing pension disbursing system has been highlighted in Table 2 but
some limitations may cause trouble for the pensioner in receiving a pension. Some of them
are listed below:
• In the existing pension disbursing systems, a pension is transferred to a pensioner
account but, an appropriate mechanism for pensioner account confirmation, and verification
of the pensioner’s life is not present.
• In Pakistan, bi-annual authentication of pensioners is required to authenticate
pensioner’s life. Bi-annual authentication is still performed by the peripheral fingerprint
scanner.
• Pensioners need to visit banks or pension authorities to receive a life certificate,
but traveling for a long distance and standing in queue is critical for pensioners due to health
issues and old age.
• There is a need for a remote access mechanism that will replace the physical movement
of pensioners either for receiving life certificates or bi-annual verification.
• The existing systems don’t provide an online digital life certificate against pensioners
which is mandatory for receiving pension payments except for Jeevan Pramaan.
• In India, Jeevan Pramaan provides a pension disbursing system to facilitate pensioners
by providing an online digital life certificate using the peripheral biometric scanner for
authentication. In this existing solution, the peripheral biometric scanner is a hurdle for a
pensioner.
• In India, the existing solution of a pension disbursing system provides doorstep service
to the pensioner. In such a system peripheral biometrics reader /scanner machine is required
to read a pensioner biometric smart card that has a chip with the thumb impression. In this
existing solution, the peripheral biometric reader /scanner machine is a hurdle for staff to
authenticate the pensioners at the doorstep.
• In Pakistan, an existing solution of the pension disbursing system provides an ATM
card which is red, NADRA e-Sahulat, Easypaisa, and EOBI announced a pension system to
facilitate the pensioners. For all the above systems, it is mandatory for a pensioner to visit the
concerned bank for registration, biannual verification, and receiving of the life certificate.
The existing systems have helped reduce some of the issues faced by pensioners, but
certain problems remain. In the existing pension disbursing systems, there are tremendous
issues that have been observed in the era of advanced technology. According to the literature
review of the study, existing pension disbursing systems, it is mandatory for a pensioner to
visit a relevant bank for registration, biannual verification, and receiving of a life certificate.
Another major issue of the existing systems is that the pension disbursing process requires a
peripheral biometrics reader/scanner for pensioner’s authentication [16], [17] whenever
technology is enhanced. In addition, there should be a separate peripheral biometrics scanner
with each pensioner individually while providing a pension facility at their doorstep. These
existing pension disbursing systems [18], [23] don’t generate online digital life certificates
except for Jeevan Pramaan. There is a need for a remote access mechanism for a pension
disbursing system that will replace the physical movement of pensioners either for bi-annual
verification or receiving life certificates.

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Table 2. Existing Pension Disbursing Mechanism
S.no Country Pension system Pension Gov. Bio- Discrete Bio- Bio- Bio-metric Issuance Direct Door-to
organization level metric bio- metric metric verification of Digital credit door
platform metric smart Regist life pension Deploy
scanner card ration certificate system ment
1 India Jeevan Pramaan Jeevan ✔ Adhaar ✔ x ✔ ✔ ✔ x X
Digital life pramaan stage
certificate
Bio-metric smart - ✔ - ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ x x ✔
card
2 Haryana E-pension - ✔ Adhaar ✔ x ✔ ✔ ✔ x X
stage
3 Australia CDC - ✔ - x x x x x ✔ X
4 Pakistan Red ATM card EOBI & ✔ - ✔ x ✔ ✔ x ✔ X
Bank Alfalah
NADRA-e- EOBI & ✔ - ✔ x ✔ ✔ x ✔ X
sahulat NADRA-e-
sahulat
franchises
Easy Paisa EOBI & ✔ - x x x x x ✔ X
pension system Easy Paisa
Table 3. Characteristics of the Practitioner’s Panel
Category of Gender Age Academic Level Technology User Non-Technology User
Responder M F Under Graduation Graduation Master
Pension Authority 8 6 30-50 - 9 3 Yes -
IT Expert 12 8 26-35 - 6 4 Yes -
Banker 8 7 35-40 - 3 2 Yes -
Pensioner 11 6 55-70 3 3 0 Yes Yes
Total 39 27 - - - - - -

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Re-Engineering of Pension Disbursing Process:
Analysis of existing pension disbursing processes concludes that there is a need to re-
engineer the pension disbursing process. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is an effective
approach to re-engineering the present pension disbursing process. In the current world of
technology, organizations need to change business processes according to market trends. BPR
plays a vital role in generating flexibility in business processes for the adoption of coming
challenges. BPR can create a modification in the structure and process of an organization [24],
[25]. It is a process-oriented approach for transforming the AS-IS process into the TO-BE
process in order to improve the performance of an organization. BPR methodologies have
been used to accomplish different targets in business organization processes in order to
enhance performance by decreasing expenses and time, providing speedier reaction to a
customer, extending versatility and flexibility to change, strategizing against the changes in the
economy and advancement in innovation and empowering new business improvement [24].
In this study, Hammer and Champy's methodology of BPR has been utilized for re-
designing the pension disbursing process according to the pension disbursing problems. This
strategy contains finished 6 stages for re-engineering any business procedure and planning
entirely new systems to accommodate better performances [26]. The standard steps have been
followed to construct the proposed model which has effectively re-organized pension
disbursing processes. Fingerprint-based enrolment and verification solutions are applied in
diverse fields such as disaster management, health services, money transfer, and lock/unlock
smartphones to improve security [27]. On the application side Mint Bills app, Web Money
app, PayPal fingerprint-based payment app, etc. have been used (Effortlessly Stay, 2019)
Approximate 60 percent of smartphones (Apple, Samsung) are easily available with built-in
fingerprint scanner chips which can be utilized for biometrics authentication 93 percent of
smartphones have a built-in fingerprint scanner chip that runs on Android and 45 percent of
smartphones have a built-in fingerprint scanner chip that runs on iPhones.
In the future, smartphones will arrive with a built-in fingerprint scanner chip at 100
percent 2018 is on end. To construct the TO-BE model of the pension disbursing system, a
fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphone has been utilized to eliminate unnecessary steps from
the pension disbursing process. By utilizing fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphones real-
time enrolments, authentication, and verification of pensioners will become easy. Based on
real-time authentication and verification of the pensioner’s fingerprint impression, the pension
authority can generate an online digital life certificate after credential checking of the
pensioner’s fingerprint with the national database authority. Fingerprint verification becomes
a stronger alternative solution against traditional password verification. In this way, the TO-
BE model of pension disbursing system would be re-engineered conveniently.
Objectives:
This study aims to propose a hypothetical biometric-based pension disbursement
model using fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphones to streamline pension payments, ensure
secure life authentication, eliminate manual verification and long queues, and facilitate pension
access for elderly and overseas pensioners.
Proposed Model:
Due to increasing security threats, researchers have turned to biometric technology to
address the challenges brought by technological advancements. Each individual has a unique
fingerprint pattern which can be utilized as an identity. This study presents a hypothetical
model that is able to overcome the existing issues of the pension disbursing system by using a
built-in fingerprint scanner chip in smartphones. The proposed model has struggled to trim
down the faced problems efficiently as compared to the running ones. Pensioner’s fingerprint
scanner-enabled smartphone has been utilized for receiving pension payments or life
certificates. Biometrics technology has matured with smartphones. With the advancement in
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mobile technology, fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphones are available to guarantee the
pensioners’ fingerprint for receiving a pension. The use of smartphone-enabled biometric
technology has made the bi-annual re-verification process easier for pensioners, reducing the
need for elderly individuals to travel. The proposed model uses a mobile-based fingerprint
scanner for taking fingerprint impressions of a pensioner in real time to authenticate the
pensioner’s life. Due to the use of fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphones, enrolment,
authentication, re-verification, and generation of online digital life certificates against
pensioners’ real-time fingerprints become easy. It will eliminate the involvement of more
people. This technology removes the need for a separate biometric scanner used by bank staff
for doorstep pension services and also eliminates long queues of pensioners at the banks.
Figure 2 shows a hypothetical proposed model for the smart pension system to assist
pensioners. Description of the model diagram discussed below:

Figure 2. Proposed Model of Smart Pension System

Pensioners:
A pensioner is the core entity of the proposed model. The person who collects pension
payments after retirement from an organization.
Pensioner Fingerprint Registration
A unique fingerprint of a retiree has been utilized for life authentication. Life
authentication is the process of verifying the individual’s life status. In the proposed model,
the primary goal is to assist the recipient according to age demands. In the new era of
technology, most of the verification is being replaced by biometric verification. In the
proposed system, there is no need for a discrete peripheral biometrics scanner because
fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphones are easily available. Retired individuals need to
download the app insert relevant data for registration and generate an account. In proposed
models, they should biometrically register remotely through their mobile app when the
pension authority sends a request for taking a fingerprint from the mobile application. The
pension authority connects users to the Digital Life Certificate (DLC) authority’s server
(similar to NADRA) to authenticate their fingerprints. When the identity is confirmed, the
DLC authority system assigns the unique ID and generates the life certificate.
Pensioner Authorities:
Pension authorities are government and private organizations that provide pensions
to retired individuals after their retirement. The pension authority has three major
responsibilities: creation of the individual’s bank account, fingerprint verification, and
generation of the life certificate. A novelty of the proposed model is the remote verification
of the beneficiary through the utilization of a fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphone. It
relates to NADRA for the authentication of the person, generating online DLC, and
forwarding this online DLC to the concerned pension authority and retiree for future use. As
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a result, it will minimize the user’s problems like physical appearance, extreme temperature
(rain, cold), standing in a queue, etc.
Online Digital Life Certificate (DLC):
Bi-annual authentication of the recipient is compulsory. He/she needs to visit the
respective bank and give the confirmation of life for proceeding monthly pension payment.
In the proposed model, the national database authority is considered as the organization that
authenticates the individual’s life. The pension authority sends a request for authentication to
the person’s mobile device. The retiree provides a fingerprint through a mobile app on pension
authority request. At this time, the pension authority connects the individual to the NADRA
server for authentication of fingerprint. After credential verification of the submitted
fingerprint, the national database authority generates online DLC against the retiree and sends
a copy of online DLC to the pension authority and the individual’s mobile app too. In this
way, the system eliminates the physical presence of the recipient which is the core novelty of
the proposed model.
Pensioner Bank Account:
Banking is a part of everyday life. Money handling is getting more and more
complicated. A bank account allows a user to have wages, and pension and make withdrawals
or deposits. These bank accounts eliminate the involvement of people who provide pensions
door-to-door.
Mobile Application:
The proposed model utilizes the built-in fingerprint scanner chip of the user’s
smartphone for submitting real-time fingerprint impressions in bi-annual authentication and
generation of online digital life certificates too. From a mobile app, an individual is able to
register easily. At the time of bi-annual verification, retirees send fingerprints remotely from
the mobile app when the individual receives a request from the pension authority to
authenticate him/herself or generate a digital life certificate. After the generation of online
DLC, the national database authority sends a copy of online DLC to the pension authority
and the individual’s mobile app too. When the pension authority confirms all parameters,
pension payment credits to the person’s bank account. Bank forwards SMS to the recipient’s
mobile device, now individuals can easily credit pension payments from an ATM. In the
proposed system, life authentication of an abroad recipient becomes easy. Retirees living
abroad can also provide fingerprints remotely via a mobile application for life authentication
and re-new life certificates. The proposed system provides pension services easily to those
who have moved abroad. Such individuals are interested in getting their monthly pension out
of the country at their current location. The hypothetical-based proposed smart pension
system is subdivided into two processes: the registration process and the pension-receiving
process.
Pensioner's Registration Process:
Figure 3 shows the registration process of a hypothetical-based proposed model.
• At the time of retirement of the applicant, the concerned organization provides the person’s
context-based information (Name, NIC, D.O.B, Age, Organization, Post, Grade, and
Contact) to the pension authority.
• Pension authority sends a request for taking a fingerprint on their mobile application and
connects the retiree to the NADRA server for authentication of fingerprints.
• After credential verification of the fingerprint, NADRA generates online DLC against the
user.
• NADRA sends online digital life certificates (DLC) of retirees to pension authorities and
recipients too.
• Pension authority sends a confirmation SMS to the individual’s mobile device after
fingerprints & DLC endorsement.
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Figure 3. The registration process of a hypothetical-based proposed model.

Pension Reviving Process:
Figure 4 shows the pension reviving process.
• Life authentication is the confirmation of a pensioner’s life. At the time of getting a
pension, life certification is fundamental for the authentication of a pensioner’s life, to check
whether he/she is alive or not.
• For authentication of a pensioner’s life, bi-annual fingerprint authentication is required
as per governmental rule.
• At the time of pension credits, there are two possibilities of pensioner’s DLC active
or de-active. The pension authority must check the status of the pensioner’s DLC. In an
active case, when the pension authority confirms the status of the pensioner’s DLC, the
pension authority credits the pension to the pensioner’s bank account. The pension authority
sends an SMS to the pensioner's mobile device (the pension has been deposited in your
account). Bank forwards SMS to pensioner’s mobile device, now pensioners can easily debit
pension from an ATM. In a de-active case, the pension authority sends a request for taking
the pensioner’s fingerprint via a mobile app for authentication and verifying it from the
NADRA server. After credential verification of the pensioner’s fingerprint, the pension
authority credits the pension to the pensioner’s bank account. The bank forwards the SMS to
the pensioner’s mobile device, now pensioners can easily credit pension from ATMs etc.
Statement of Limitation:
Every pensioner must have a biometric fingerprint chip-enabled smartphone. The
fingerprint of some pensioners may be mismatched because of changes in the elderly
unique fingerprint patterns with the progression of time, which may create a smidgen
issue during capture and create the need for re-verification. A national database authority must
be involved in fingerprint verification. In case of unavailability of the smartphone with
pensioners, they will need a separate scanning device. For connectivity purposes, the internet
is mandatory for pensioners which may create an economic affordability issue for them.

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Figure 4. Pension receiving process

Delphi Method:
The Delphi method is a quantitative research methodology. It is a structured
communication technique in which practitioner opinions are collected from a panel of
practitioners [28]. There are several advantages of the Delphi method over all other
quantitative methodologies inclusive of getting concrete expert knowledge, anonymity, quick
response, etc [29], [30]. For the validation of the mobile-based biometric pension receiving
model, the Delphi method has been used to collect practitioners’ opinions from the
practitioner’s panel. A bunch of questionnaires were designed for the collection of
practitioners’ opinions and to evaluate them as statistical instruments to extract concluded
results. This study applies the goodness of fit in the chi-square test for the evaluation to
extract knowledge from the collected observation of the questionnaire. This test is based on
a mathematical model which is used to test the hypothesis of the study. The objective of this
test is to determine the approach to matching an observed frequency distribution with a
theoretical frequency distribution.
Data Collection Methods:
A bunch of questionnaires containing nine questions were used to collect practitioners’
opinions of the proposed pension system. The questionnaire was designed with the help of
the System Usability Scale (SUS) [31]. Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS)
[32] and Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ) [33]. These refer to the analysis
of usability based on the overall reaction to the system, screen factors, terminology and system
feedback, learning factors, and system capabilities. The evaluation of the proposed model has
two sessions:
• Mail invitation
• Call based conference.
In the case of mail invitations, a model diagram, description, and a bunch of
questionnaires were designed to know the opinions of the practitioners’ panel upon the
proposed model which was sent via mail. In the call-based conference session, the
practitioners were invited into a lab. In this session, firstly workflow of the existing pension
disbursing models along with the description of the proposed pension disbursing model was
explained in front of invited practitioners, and in the end, practitioners’ opinions were
collected by filling out the given questionnaire.

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Sample Size:
For the validation and verification of the proposed pension disbursing model, around
66 practitioners were included having skills in pension authority, IT experts, Bankers, or retired
persons. The practitioners involved in the practitioners’ panel were 28 males and 38 females.
Table 3 shows the characteristics of the practitioners. Here, practitioners’ selection was based
on experience level, knowledge, and professional accomplishments in pension disbursing
management.
Hypotheses:
This study intended to inspect the worth and impact of the adoption of a mobile-
based biometric fingerprint system (MBFPS) for pension disbursing system on the following
listed hypotheses as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Hypotheses Statement
Hypotheses Statement
1 H01: MBFP technology is not reliable for the pension disbursing
system.
H11: MBFP technology is reliable for pension disbursing systems.
2 H02: MBFPS is less secure than the traditional pension disbursing
system.
H12: MBFPS is more secure than the traditional pension disbursing
system.
3 H03: Pensioners don’t use MBFPS for the pension disbursing process
ubiquitously (anywhere, anytime)
H13: Pensioner uses MBFPS for pension receiving process ubiquitously
(anywhere, anytime)
4 H04: Pensioner may not request to generate a Digital Life Certificate
(DLC) through the proposed system.
H14: Pensioner may request to generate a Digital Life Certificate (DLC)
through the proposed system.
5 H05: MBFP does not save time and money for pensioners.
H15: MBFP saves time and money for pensioners.
6 H06: MBFP does not save time and labor costs for pension authority.
H16: MBFP saves time and labor costs for pension authority
7 H07: MBFPS does not overcome the migrated pensioner problem for
disbursing pension.
H17: MBFPS overcomes migrated pensioner problem for disbursing
pension.
8 H08: MBFP for the proposed model is not economically expensive.
H18: MBFP for the proposed model is economically inexpensive.
9 H07: Practitioners don’t support the proposed system.
H17: Practitioners support the proposed system.
Data analysis & results:
This study involves quantitative research by using statistical tools (Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20)) for data analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive
statistics by applying the goodness of fit in the chi-square test to inspect the efficiency and
impact of the adoption of a mobile-based biometric fingerprint system (MBFPS).
Analyzation Factors:
The results of this study present nine tested null hypotheses. These hypotheses are
tested at a 0.05 level of significance using the goodness-of-fit (Chi-square) test. In this study,
data analysis checks the efficiency and impact of the adopted feature in the proposed pension
disbursing system on the following factors shown in Table 5.
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Table 5. Observation Factors
S.no Observation Factors
1 Reliability
2 Security
3 Ease-of-use
4 Ease-of-generating DLC (Digital Life Certificates)
5 Time reduction
6 Efficiency impact on labor cost
7 Efficiency impact on migrated pensioner
8 General case:
• Economically expensive
• Supportive for pensioner
Reliability:
The data was analysed in Table 6 against the first null hypothesis of the study, which
states that “MBFP technology is reliable for pension disbursing system”. About 14
practitioners disagreed with using mobile-based fingerprint technology for the pension system,
while most practitioners supported its use.
10 practitioners were neutral, they neither agreed nor disagreed. The chi-square test
statistics confirm that the number of practitioners who agreed is significantly higher than those
who disagreed, X2(66, 4) = 21.424, p = .000. Therefore, the first null hypothesis was rejected.
This is concluded that the utilization of mobile-based fingerprint technology is reliable for the
pension disbursing system.
Table 6. MBFP technology is reliable for the pension disbursing system
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 27 13.2 13.8 21.424a 4 .000
Agree 15 13.2 1.8
Neutral 10 13.2 -3.2
Disagree 8 13.2 -5.2
Strongly
6 13.2 -7.2
Disagree
Total 66
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Security:
Table 7 shows results against the second null hypothesis of the study to determine
whether the MBFPS (Mobile Biometric Fingerprint System) is more secure than a traditional
pension disbursing system. The result of the second hypothesis shows that 14 practitioners
disagreed, while 41 practitioners agreed. There is a significant difference in the frequencies at
0.05 level of significance X2(66, 4) =23.394, p = .000. The result of perceived security shows
significant differences. The result of this null hypothesis of the study concluded that mobile-
based biometric technologies are more secure than traditional timekeeping methods in the
pension disbursing process.
Table 7. Results against the second null hypothesis
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 28 13.2 14.8 23.394a 4 .000
Agree 13 13.2 -.2
Neutral 11 13.2 -2.2
Disagree 9 13.2 -4.2
Strongly Disagree 5 13.2 -8.2
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Total 66
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell
frequency is 13.2.
Ease-of-Use:
Table 8 shows the result against the third null hypothesis which states that “Pensioner
uses MBFPS for pension receiving process ubiquitously (anywhere, anytime)”. The majority
of practitioners agreed on said hypothesis while 15 practitioners disagreed on a said
hypothesis. The result of the applied test shows that there is a significant difference in the
frequencies at a 0.05 level of significance. X2 (66, 4) =33.848, p = .000. It is concluded that
pensioners would be able to use the proposed system easily from anywhere and at any time to
receive their pension, removing the need to visit a specific bank branch.
Table 8. Pensioner uses MBFPS for pension receiving process ubiquitously (anywhere,
anytime)
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 30 13.2 16.8 33.848* 4 .000
Agree 17 13.2 3.8
Neutral 4 13.2 -9.2
Disagree 7 13.2 -6.2
Strongly Disagree 8 13.2 -5.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Ease-of-Generating DLC:
For the perceived efficiency impact of generating online digital life certificates, a chi-
square test of goodness-of-fit was performed to determine whether the “Pensioner may
request to generate Digital Life Certificate (DLC) through the proposed system”. In Table 9,
15 practitioners disagreed that pensioners may not request to generate a Digital Life Certificate
(DLC) through the proposed system. Additionally, it also shows that 25 practitioners were
agreed while 20 practitioners were strongly agreed. There were 6 practitioners who neither
agreed nor disagreed. Statistics of the chi-square test of goodness-of-fit show that the number
of practitioners who agreed is significantly higher than those who disagreed in this case. X2 (66,
4) = 22.939, p = .000. In this situation, the null hypothesis was rejected, so it is concluded that
pensioners may request to generate a Digital Life Certificate (DLC) through the proposed
system by submitting real-time fingerprints impression ubiquitously.
Table 9. Pensioners may request to generate a Digital Life Certificate (DLC) through the
proposed system.
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 20 13.2 6.8 22.939* 4 .000
Agree 25 13.2 11.8
Neutral 6 13.2 -7.2
Disagree 7 13.2 -6.2
Strongly Disagree 8 13.2 -5.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Time Reduction:
Table 10 shows the statistical chi-square test of goodness-of-fit results against the fifth
hypothesis which states that “MBFP saves time and money for pensioners”. The result of this
hypothesis shows that the majority of practitioners agreed on said hypothesis while

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15 practitioners disagreed on the said hypothesis. There were 10 practitioners who neither
agreed nor disagreed in this regard. There is a significant difference in the frequencies at a 0.05
level of significance. X2 (66, 4) = 22.182, p = .000. The result of this null hypothesis of the
study concluded that the implementation of mobile-based biometric technology in the
pension disbursing process saves time and money for the pensioner.
Table 10. MBFP saves time and money for pensioners.
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 26 13.2 12.8 22.182* 4 .000
Agree 18 13.2 4.8
Neutral 8 13.2 -5.2
Disagree 8 13.2 -5.2
Strongly Disagree 6 13.2 -7.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Efficiency Impact on Labor Cost:
The data was analyzed in Table 11 against the sixth hypothesis of the study, which
states that “MBFP saves time and labor cost for pension authority”. 16 practitioners disagreed
that the utilization of mobile-based fingerprint technology in the pension disbursing process is
efficient whereas a majority of practitioners agreed on the utilization of mobile-
based fingerprint technology in the pension disbursing process. There were 8 practitioners
who neither agreed nor disagreed. The chi-square test of goodness-of-fit statistic confirms that
the number of practitioners who agreed is significantly higher than those who disagreed,
X2(66, 4) =25.212, p = .000. Therefore, the sixth null hypothesis has been rejected. The
conclusion is that using mobile-based fingerprint technology in pension disbursement saves
time and reduces labor costs for the pension authority.
Table 11. MBFP saves time and labor costs for pension authority
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 13 13.2 -.2 25.212* 4 .000
Agree 29 13.2 15.8
Neutral 8 13.2 -5.2
Disagree 7 13.2 -6.2
Strongly Disagree 9 13.2 -4.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Efficiency Impact on Migrated Pensioner:
For the perceived efficiency impact on the migrated pensioner, a chi-square test of
goodness-of-fit was performed to determine whether the “MBFPS overcomes migrated
pensioner problem for disbursing pension”. In Table 12, 14 practitioners have disagreed
that MBFPS overcomes the migrated pensioners’ problem for disbursing pensions.
Additionally, it also shows that 22 practitioners agreed while 23 practitioners strongly agreed.
There were 7 practitioners who neither agreed nor disagreed. The statistics of this test show
that the number of practitioners who agreed is significantly higher than those who disagreed
in this case. X2 (66, 4) = 22.030, p = .000. Since the null hypothesis is rejected, it is concluded
that mobile-based fingerprint technology (MBFPS) effectively solves the problem of migrated
pensioners receiving their pension payments at their current location.

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Table 12. MBFPS overcomes migrated pensioner problem for disbursing pension.
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 23 13.2 9.8 22.030* 4 .000
Agree 22 13.2 8.8
Neutral 7 13.2 -6.2
Disagree 8 13.2 -5.2
Strongly Disagree 6 13.2 -7.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Economically Expensive:
Table 13 shows the statistical chi-square test of goodness-of-fit results against the
eighth hypothesis which states that “MBFPS for proposed model is economically
inexpensive”. The result of this hypothesis shows that the majority of practitioners agreed
while 16 practitioners disagreed with the said hypothesis. There were 8 practitioners who
neither agreed nor disagreed in this regard. There is a significant difference in the frequencies
at a 0.05 level of significance. X2 (66, 4) = 22.182, p = .000. The result of this null hypothesis
of the study concluded that the proposed model is economically inexpensive because there is
no need for extra hardware for implementation.
Table 13. MBFP for the proposed model is economically inexpensive.
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 30 13.2 16.8 28.242* 4 .000
Agree 12 13.2 -1.2
Neutral 8 13.2 -5.2
Disagree 6 13.2 -7.2
Strongly Disagree 10 13.2 -3.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency
is 13.2.
Supportive For Pensioners:
For the perceived support for a pensioner, a chi-square test of goodness-of-fit was
performed to determine whether the “Practitioner supports the proposed system”. In Table
14, 14 practitioners disagreed with said hypothesis. Additionally, it also shows that
44 practitioners agreed. There were 8 practitioners who neither agreed nor disagreed. Statistics
of the chi-square test of goodness-of-fit show that the number of practitioners who agreed is
significantly higher than those who disagreed in this case. X2 (66, 4) = 25.212, p = .000. In this
situation, a null hypothesis is rejected, so it may be concluded that practitioners support the
proposed system.
Table 14. Practitioners support the proposed system.
Observed N Expected N Residual Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
Strongly Agree 28 13.2 14.8 25.212* 4 .000
Agree 16 13.2 2.8
Neutral 8 13.2 -5.2
Disagree 6 13.2 -7.2
Strongly Disagree 8 13.2 -5.2
Total 66
*0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 13.2.

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Discussion:
The following discussion interprets the results presented in Table 15, highlighting
practitioners' strong agreement with the effectiveness and suitability of the proposed model
for addressing key challenges faced by pensioners. Table 15 collects all variables of the null
hypothesis and shows that the number of practitioners who agreed is significantly higher than
those who disagreed with all hypotheses. It indicates that reliability and security have the
highest weight of agreement from practitioners (M =2.2576, SD =1.35090) and (M =2.2424,
SD =1.33659) respectively. The descriptive statistics table similarly shows that the proposed
model would be more effective for pensioners due to ease-of-use (M =2.1818, SD =1.42407)
and generating online DLC (Digital Life Certificates) ubiquitously (M =2.3636, SD =1.34320)
have the highest mass of agreement from practitioners respectively. This table also shows that
the proposed model has a greater efficiency impact on labor cost and migrated pensioner (M
=2.5455, SD =1.30304) and (M =2.2727, SD =1.30732) separately. The descriptive statistics
table also observed that the proposed model would be economically inexpensive (M =2.3030,
SD =1.49841) because there is no need for extra hardware for implementation and support for
pensioners (M =2.2424, SD =1.40396). After all, the proposed system overcomes many faced
problems of a pensioner. This table displays a significant difference between means at a 0.05
level of significance. Thus, relative to all variables, there was a higher proportion of
practitioners who agreed that the proposed model is suitable for the pensioners’ community
to resolve their issues during the pension payment and life certificate receiving process.
Table 15. Descriptive Statistics.
S.no Variable N Mean Std. Deviation
1 Reliability 66 2.2576 1.35090
2 Security 66 2.2424 1.33659
3 Ease-of-use 66 2.1818 1.42407
4 Ease-of-generating DLC (Digital Life Certificates) 66 2.3636 1.34320
5 Time reduction 66 2.2424 1.33659
6 Efficiency impact on labor cost 66 2.5455 1.30304
7 Efficiency impact on migrated pensioner 66 2.2727 1.30732
8 Economically expensive 66 2.3030 1.49841
9 Supportive for pensioner 66 2.2424 1.40396
Table 16 represents a summary of the results of all null hypotheses. This table shows
that all null hypotheses are rejected at the 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, the parallel
alternative hypothesis of all hypotheses builds the decision of the study.
These outcomes express a few assumptions. The more perceived usefulness the more
perceived ease of use created the more behavioural intention to accept the fingerprint
biometric system for the pension disbursing process. On the other hand, the positive effect is
greater for fingerprint recognition regarding higher innovation and less experience for
implementation, but privacy concerns and technology anxiety have some negative effects on
the behavioural intention to accept. The introduction of the above proposed smartphone-
based biometric system that can leverage the built-in fingerprint scanner can offer a promising
solution to a longstanding challenge that the pension disbursement process faces. By enabling
real-time enrolment, authentication, and digital life certificate generation, the method
proposed in this paper can streamline the biannual verification process, reduce reliance on
external devices, and minimize the need for elderly pensioners to visit the pension
disbursement offices or banks and queue up to get verified. It also supports remote pensioners
who are living in other countries. With the growing maturity of mobile biometric technology,
this model can improve the efficiency of the pension system and reduce administrative burden.

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Table 16. Hypotheses summary
Hypotheses Α P-value Decision Conclusion
RQ-1 0.05 .000 Rejected MBFP technology is reliable for pension
disbursing systems.
RQ-2 0.05 .000 Rejected MBFPS is more secure than the traditional
pension disbursing system.
RQ-3 0.05 .000 Rejected Pensioners utilized MBFPS for the pension
disbursing process ubiquitously (anywhere,
anytime).
RQ-4 0.05 .000 Rejected Pensioner easily generates online digital life
certificates through the proposed system.
RQ-5 0.05 .000 Rejected MBFP for the proposed model saves time and
money for the elderly.
RQ-6 0.05 .000 Rejected MBFP for the proposed model saves time and
labor costs for pension authority.
RQ-7 0.05 .000 Rejected MBFPS overcome migrated pensioners'
problem for disbursing pension
RQ-8 0.05 .000 Rejected MBFPS for the proposed model is
economically inexpensive.
RQ-9 0.05 .000 Rejected Responders support the proposed system.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the pensioners’ community problems and proposes a
technological-based solution that will assist the pensioner in life authentication and generating
of digital life certificate which is mandatory for receiving pension payment. The proposed
model presents a hypothetical model that utilizes a fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphone to
capture a thumbprint impression of a pensioner remotely by which authentication of the
pensioner’s life and generating an online digital life certificate becomes easy. The proposed
model eliminates the physical presence and traveling expenses of pensioners. The proposed
pension disbursing system would be more efficient, and well-organized, and will save time and
money for local and abroad pensioners. To evaluate the proposed model, the Delphi method
has been utilized to collect practitioners’ opinions from the practitioner panel and evaluate the
feedback of the practitioner’s panel via the Likert scale in order to investigate the novelty of
the proposed model and its limitations. The outcome of this analysis shows that a pensioner’s
fingerprint scanner-enabled smartphone is an effective and acceptable tool for pensioner’s life
verification and generating of an online digital life certificate after authentication. However,
some technological risk factors should be improved to build up the users’ trust.
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