POPULAR UNIVERSITY OF CESAR

FACULTY OF LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCES AND

SOCIAL
LAW PROGRAM

STUDENTS:

MELISSA DAZA GAMEZ

MARIA FERNANDA CAMACHO ORTEGA
OSCAR PEÑALOZA PEREZ

TEACHER:

JOSE JORGE MOLINA MORALES

CRIMINOLOGY IN RELATION TO OTHER SCIENCES

2020
 What is Criminology?

It is theScience of Law penal that aims to study thecrime,

thedelinquent, thevictimand the social control of behaviorcriminal.

(Criminal LawIn sensestrictIt is the set of the doctrines e

research what treat of determine the causes de
thecriminality(criminal-genesisIn a broad sense, scientific study of
criminal phenomenon in its three components: legal norm, crime, social reaction.

It is also called Penalogy, it is the science ofcrimeStudy

scientifically the criminal behaviors, constituting one of the
sciencesauxiliariesmost important of theCriminal law. Hisprincipalthe objective is
study of the causes of thecrimeor etiology of thecrime, as well as
theknowledgeof its forms of appearance anddevelopmentas a social phenomenon
eindividualCriminology is, in turn, assisted by criminal biology, which
investigate itpersonalityphysics ofdelinquentand therelationshipof her features
constitutional with their behavior; in this sense, it is also said
ofAnthropologycriminal as part of that science. Criminal Psychology
investigate thestatemental and the emotional processes of thedelinquentand also
the psychic abnormalities of those.

Criminology and its relationship with other sciences

Criminology and its relationship with Criminal Law.

The materialized criminal law in theCodeCriminal in its strictest expression is
interprets as the main synonym of repression, in this social case, would not have
its reason for being if it weren't, for up to now a code is not known
criminal with different purposes, with the unrestricted aim of a dual aspect; in the
protection of legal goods and in the prevention of future criminal conduct,
well ofcharacterspecial and general, fundamental for achieving healthy coexistence
social. The Penal Code represents the last resort ofState(Last resort) for
achieving the social reset that was compromised, that is to say, to use
the penal code, thesocietyrepresented, it should have exhausted all the
civil and administrative instances until reaching this final reason that
hasthe State to use its repressive strength through the implementation of
penal measures that can range from a fine to deprivation offreedom.
Man in society cannot do without the law, much less without the law.
penal since before being born, the unborn child is already protected by the
penal norm (in the face of a threat ofabortionillegitimate), in the same way the
criminal protection exceeds thelimitsof human existence to continue
protecting values, in the case of ahomicide, the conductwhat originatedthe
deathit will be studied under a criminal treatment, to determine the causes of
his death and thus identify the responsible party or in cases of desecration of
tombs or corpses.
In this regard, the criminal code serves as the guarantor of
certainrightsfundamentals such aslegality, equalityand legal certainty,
considered as the legitimate magna carta of the criminal, by asserting that the
punitive norm must ensureprinciplesbasics that give it legitimacy of
to punish strictlybudgetslegal with the limitation that emanates from them,
since it outlines the principles and guarantees of criminal security such as the
ofguiltand proportionality to impose the necessary penalties and measures
the offender of the norm, therefore criminal law will be the punitive limitation of
State not to exceed its omnipotence. Let us remember the Code of
Hammurabi, where it was established theLawof Talion, with the aim of imposing the
penalties for the crime committed, avoiding excessively benefiting the victim of
that era known as private vengeance, in which it was recognized as the
symbolic bastion against the lurking behaviors that were present
punished, which ranged from the execution of the offender to the so-called expulsion of
thecommunityin which the latter, due to the living conditions and the difficulty of
survival outside of thecommunityI was assuming thedeathsegura. La víctima
belongs to the community conferring all rights to it, reaching
the designation of 'age ofgoldfrom the victim," the already known phrase: "an eye for an eye
"an eye for an eye," establishes the punitive brake that the State enjoyed in which
the sovereign's mandate was the final word. In theFrench Revolution, surge
another measure that would curb abuses of theto be ablemonarchic; the guillotine is
the machine was created with the spirit of remedying the inequality that prevailed in the
execution of prisoners, for while the nobles were beheaded
head with an axe (dying almost instantly) to the plebeians they
hanged, which meant a more painful and prolonged death. The Guillotine
resolved this inequality, as it encourages the idea of therevolutionthat required
equality of men before the Law, humanizing executions as they
seek death without causing suffering, because the paincapitalit is the suppression of life
and not the torment, in fact, those executed feel a slight coolness on their neck
before dying, without experiencing the slightest pain.
We establish then that the offender of the rule has rights, even if there is
violated the social pact of stability and harmony of the community, not because of that and by
more cruel than the conduct carried out, measures will be applied that
exacerbate those that are not found in the catalog of punitive behaviors such as the
lynching, torture, mutilation or thedeath penalty, although there are those in
this debased society maintains such measures for criminal prevention and in
which we categorically disagree with these principles of Criminal Law
it is not impossible to deal with all of theseproblemsLet's reduce
ourteachingto the indispensable subjects of the Inductive Part that are
refers to the concept of our discipline; to a briefevolutionhistorical of
Liberal criminal law; to schematic philosophical notions about the ius puniendi and
las escuelas penales; y al debateaboutsourcesproducers of law in the
punitive sphere.
Basic notions of the structureof the Crime
Concept of crime: This term comes from delictum which idiomatically
means abandoning the path prescribed by the Law, to commit a crime. This concept ...
used in the ancientRometo counterpose the term crime and designate
private crimes.
Criminological position
Since the earliest civilizations, behaviors have been determined where there have been
identified with the label of crime. The Code of Hammurabi (1800 BC) is a
faithful testimony just as in the Bible the behaviors that were recorded
punished by those old legal instruments.
However, criminal behaviors vary according to thetimeand the time when
they are developed thesocietieswith their respective cultures. In this sense, we are
witnesses of that notable evolution where they throw the concepts that fit the
times, due to social and cultural changes. The concept of crime frames
the behaviors considered especially harmful for the whole of the
society, distinguishes them and makes them more visible. Therefore, the legislator must
update space-time to define which behavior deserves to receive the
criminal stamp, in order to establish apoliticsappropriate crime, that is,
to delimit, describe and according to interest; to prevent and suppress the criminal drama
socialized.
The crime lands and is identified in the most unprotected societies.
he criminalized the offender based on his appearance and way of life let's remember
ANATOL FRANCE in one of his satirical verses: "the Law, in its equality,
forbids both the rich and the poor from sleeping under bridges, begging in
the streets and steal bread.

This is why criminal behavior identified and stigmatized by society,

in which he identifies with the most disadvantaged and is in constant
changes, we can highlight that in some societies there is a discussion about what for
for some it is a crime, for others it is not, a clear example is the crime ofadultery, for
some national legislations are in the catalog of behaviors
forbidden, as is the case in Jalisco, while for others it is
repealed, case of the penal legislation of Michoacán. Affirmation that is
fundamentals with what Mezger already estimated 'what is a crime today and here, perhaps
tomorrow and there it is not, and vice versa.

Criminal law deals with crime undoubtedly from the perspective of the
deber ser, normativo. Para la criminología será el primer problema que se plantea;
the delimitation of the very concept of crime.
La Criminología, al configurar el concepto de delito recibe su objeto de manos
ofScienceof Criminal Law. It is obvious that Criminology cannot do without
of the legal concept of crime that constitutes its starting point. The
The Latin aphorism 'nullum crimen sine lege' confirms this assertion.
For criminology, the crime will be the deviant behavior that will be addressed from
theopticsformal legal, as part of the object of study, but also the
Criminology is interested in those behaviors that are not found in the penal code.
but if they are socially rejected, such is the case of
theprostitution, drug addiction, suicide, etc.
Normative concept
The concept of crime is based on the legal notion provided by the current penal code.
shaped by the legislator, as defined by the federal penal code, in article 7
as the act or omission that criminal laws sanction, which defined the
Penal Code of Jalisco from 1931, in which it is presented rigorously formal that
Nothing says about what the elements or assumptions should be identified.
essential for a criminal behavior to be punished with a
penalty, the criminal reform of Jalisco in 1989 significantly modified this
definition, being made up to this day in the following way in the
same number; a crime is the act or omission that exactly corresponds to the
conduct that, as such, is expressly mentioned in this Code or in the laws
state specials.
This definition is based on the idea that the structure of a crime must be reflected.
strictly under the principle of legality with the essential characteristics
embodied in the Law, that is, prior, written, and strict. This concept must be
extend also, to each of the criminal figures described in
secondbookof the penal code and must strictly stem from criminal law
Positive, any concept outside the current criminal law shall obey
astructuresand other types of concepts, outside the legal field and without the
consequences that are enshrined in this very important principle of legality.
TheInteractionbetween criminal law and criminology
Criminal law is the set ofstandardspositive legal regulations of power
state punitive as determined crimes assumptions to which they assign
certain legal consequences, understood as penalties or measures of
security.
Criminal law stands as a normative science, of the 'ought to be', criminology
therefore as the science of the 'being'. The delimitation is identified by the method
used by each of them, while the first uses the deductive the second
the inductive.
Criminal law regulates thehuman behavior external in the social sphere, to
protect legal goods that balance social coexistence, in the sense of
maintain the limits of the ius puniendo to avoid thejusticesocial unilateral
achieving the protection of individuals in illegal interventions by
part of the state.
While criminology can and should play an important role in
moment to determine which facts should be decriminalized, in such a way
that criminology, although it receives the normative legal concept of crime, must
reduce or extend its own regulatory object and thatmediamust be used for
prevent and effectively suppress attacks on society.
For all this, it is clear that there is a relationship between criminal law and criminology.
interaction that must be established between the two knowledges, that is why we affirm
that criminology without criminal law is blind, criminal law without the
criminology is sterile.

Criminology and its relationship with Sociology.

Criminology assciencemultidisciplinary nourishes and assists itself from others
disciplines to find the causes of thecrimeand search for the solutionsa
distorted or antisocial behaviors. TheSociologyit is one of
thesciencessubstantial to subsidize criminology, from the simple fact
to study the social factors and for itsscientific methodautonomous this science
achieves significant contributions in the criminological aspect. Furthermore, in the course of the
Criminology reaches a point where specialists in other fields that were not
criminological, sought to investigate the genesis of theproblemsof
thedelinquency, sociologists from different positions created schools
criminological and study approaches, leaving a contribution to this science
multisectoral.
Contributions of Sociology to Criminology
Sociologists through theirtheoriesassertions contributed to criminology
producing two points of view of utmost relevance: Criminal Sociology and the
Forensic Sociology. Criminal Sociology analyzes crime as a social fact.
as a collective magnitude contribution of sociology: Forensic Sociology, evidence
the ways of relating of the subjects.
This is additionaldisciplineprovides
a sociological approach to understanding the
phenomena related to crime, emphasizing the ability to use
concepts andhypothesiscoming from criminal sociology, clarifying the
similarities and differences with the approach of criminology. Explain and relate
central concepts in sociology and applies them to the study of the issue
tortious.
Presents theparadigmsmost important sociological factors today and
develop the modern currents of criminal sociology that analyze the
criminal phenomenon, the central concepts of those theories are reviewed, their
interrelation, its methodological possibilities, its manifestations in
thescientific research, the criticisms that have been made against them and
onutilityrelative. It reviews, among other subcultural theories, those based onthe
learningsocial, the ecological ones, the ones ofcontrolsocial, labeling and the
new criminology.
Criminological approach related to Sociology
Theevolutiongradual and organized development of Criminology due to itsinformation,
objectives and theircharacterdifferent currents or approaches arise epistemologically,
where sociology plays an important role in the conclusion of these
currents.
Interactionist Approach
It establishes its foundation on the pretext that 'society produces and has the criminals.'
what they deserve." This movement claims that thegroupswith economic position
ypoliticsdominant have a high incidence in thedomaincultural, ideological and of the
regulatory apparatus, that is, thisgroupprivileged defines what behaviors are of
criminal characteristics and which ones are not. This current is supported by information of a nature
quantitative as they are thestatisticscriminal, black figure and stigmatization
social.
One of theintellectualssymbolsFrom the interactionist approach is Edwin.
Sutherland. He was the author oftextmain Criminology, published in 1924,
first affirming the principle of association differential in the
thirdeditionPrinciplesof Criminology (1939) that thedevelopmenthabitual of the
crime patterns arise from the association of those who commit a crime in
place with those who do not commit crimes.
Thetheorythere was also a structural element the position that theconflictand the
social disorganization is the underlying cause of crime, as
determine the modalities of associated persons with. This last element is
he eliminated it when the fourth edition was published in 1947. But he remained convinced that
that theclasssocial was a relevant factor, to coin the phrase white-collar crime
in aspeechbefore the American Sociological Association on December 27
1939. In hismonographfrom 1949 thecrimesof white collar that defines a
white-collar crimes such as "approximately a crime committed by
onepersonof respectability and high social status in the course of his
occupation.
Criminal law deals with the crime undoubtedly from the perspective of
must be, normative. For criminology, this will be the first problem that arises;
the delimitation of the very concept of crime.
Criminology, in shaping the concept of crime, receives its object from the hands
ofScienceof Criminal Law. It is obvious that Criminology cannot do without
of the legal concept of crime that constitutes its starting point. The
The Latin aphorism 'nullum crimen sine lege' confirms this assertion.
For criminology, the crime will be the deviant behavior that will be addressed from
theopticsformal legal, as part of the object of study, but also the
Criminology is interested in those behaviors that are not found in the penal code.
but they are socially rejected, as is the case of
theprostitution, drug addiction, suicide, etc.

Criminology and its relation to Psychology.

This analyzes the crime in relation to inheritance, with mental disorders, with
education, with mental capacity.

Try to find out or to understand what induces a person to commit a crime, what
what does that behavior mean to him, why does the idea of punishment not frighten him and
it makes him renounce his criminal behaviors.

Its link to clinical, community, and social psychology is close, but this
it is not an obstacle for it to obtain its singularity from the gravity and extent of
the problem he faces, and the methods he has been shaping in that task.

Criminological Psychology
Aims to understand crime, its causes and its authors, and provide tools
for its prevention. Its actions take place in the forensic world (prisons,
police, courts) and in the community itself, when it tries to prevent the
delinquency or develop interventions in institutions of society

When a crime is committed, the situation is approached from various perspectives.

such as psychology, sociology, or criminology. The latter, also called
criminal psychology seeks to analyze all aspects of a crime, its
causes, the victims, the perpetrators.

The objective of criminology is to provide tools to understand and prevent the

crime. Therefore, the scope of action of psychology and criminology is the
courts, penitentiary institutions, and the police.

Criminology studies and tries to find out the reason why a person
commits a crime, what does the crime mean for that person and why not
fear the punishment and does not deter him from committing the crime.

To achieve its objective, criminology studies the environment in which it operates.

delinquent, what factors may have influenced them (family, culture, religion) and how they
has developed yourpersonalitythroughout his life. Therefore, it is analyzed the
crime from various perspectives:

Inheritance.
Psychological disorders.
Education.
Intelligence.

Psychology and Criminology: Theories of Criminal Behavior

As a consequence of everything we have seen previously, we can conclude

that criminal psychology consists of the application of psychology to the
criminal behavior. From this point of view, to understand the
criminal behavior various theories are used as we described in
continuation:

Developmental psychology: It focuses on applying the theory of evolution to

human behavior. That is to say, it is about seeing how the evolution of a
a person can influence their criminal behavior.

Social psychology: In this area, there are various theories such as the one that
studies group processes, in which criminal behavior is
influenced by the group.
 Personality traits: This theory holds that
certain characteristics of an individual's personality can
make more likely to commit a crime. On the other hand, it is related to the
crime with certain psychological disorders such as schizophrenia.

Biology: From this point of view, it is analyzed how they influence

criminal behavior genetic or environmental factors.

How is Criminal Psychology applied?

Criminal psychology can be applied in various fields such as the following:

Crime analysis: The analysis of crime from the point of view

psychological can help in the investigation of a crime. For example, if
there are coincidences such as the type of victim or the modus operandi, they
puede deducir un perfil psicológico del delincuente que ayude a detenerle.

Analysis of the victim and the criminal: A criminal psychologist will be able to analyze
through interviews with both the offender and their victim to obtain data
essentials that help the police and justice clarify the crime.

Criminological studies: They attempt to study patterns derived from crime

that help to prevent it and avoid it.

Criminology and its relation to Psychiatry.

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine dedicated to the study of disorders

mental health with the aim of preventing, assessing, diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating the
people with mental disorders and ensure their autonomy and adaptation
individuo a las condiciones de su existencia. Tiene que ver con las normas
established in the different areas of our society, is a discipline that
it deals with mental patients considered from the point of view of the
legal sciences. Study of psychically abnormal criminals, their manner of
to manifest, its psychological and physical causes and the possibilities of treatment
physical and mental.

Relationship and contribution to Criminology.

To psychiatrists in their criminological work, the development of the
psychobiological doctrine of the offender. Other valuable contributions of the
psychiatry in the field of criminology, have been the psychiatric annexes in the
penitentiary establishments

Psychiatry deals with the psychically abnormal, its forms of manifestation,

it seeks its psychological and physical causes and the possibilities of its treatment
physical and mental.

Both Criminal Psychology and Criminal and Forensic Psychiatry are disciplines
who have tried to explain criminality through the human psyche, trying
to connect mental illnesses to deviant behaviors, which falls
within the traditional conception of Criminology.

In criminology...
The birth of modern psychiatry and its development since the end of the 18th century,
allowed to distinguish the psychological alterations that could affect certain
delinquents, and make the classical punishment inadequate.

It is the discipline that studies the causes of 'crime' and its biopsychosocial entity.
propose remedies for men's antisocial behavior.

Criminology, utilizing psychiatry, has been concerned and continues to be concerned,

from the empirical point of view, of the criminal in connection with his non-accountability,
and it is why justice is related to this science, to establish a link
between crime and illness, and thus resolve on the extent to which the former is
able or not

Crime and the criminal occupy psychiatry only marginally, this is because
to constitute the psychically abnormal criminals, a small fraction of the
mental abnormalities (not all abnormal is criminal).

Its relationship between criminology and psychiatry, that is, if one wishes to cover the
psychopathologically relevant field of criminology, the knowledge
psychiatric ones are essential. And in reverse, if within the totality of what
psychically abnormal also wants to dominate the criminological field
relevant, general criminological knowledge is necessary.

It bases its foundations on knowledge from sociology, psychology, and the

anthropology, taking the theoretical framework of medicine and law for it
penal.
Psychiatrists in good proportion (alongside jurists), within their field
scientific, have focused on criminological problems, which has allowed for
development of the topics: removal of the limits of punishment, insanity,
diminished accountability, etc.

Criminology and its relationship with Biological Science.

The existing relationship is that they study human asocial behavior as a

living being, from its genetic background to its anatomical processes
physiological; the influence of biological phenomena on criminality and the
participation of biological factors in crime.

Its main objective is to seek the physiological bases of behavior.

abnormalities in human beings that predispose them to antisocial behavior. Research the
physical causality; that is, the relationship between the somatic fact and criminality or
violent behavior. This is something complicated that requires
deep studies.

Criminology and its relationship with Politics.

In relation to criminal behavior in Colombia, the government has developed

as Criminal Public Policy, three dimensions that have the purpose of
rebuild the problem to intervene, pursue, investigate, judicialize, punish
criminal behaviors and reintegrate into society those who commit them
these crimes, to these various issues both academically and socially
considering that criminology is known for studying the
criminal behavior and criminal policy deal with those
socially inappropriate behaviors or those outside the norm,
this through social, psychological, and cultural measures, and the impact that
these measures can have in society and it is a fact that politicians do
they turn to experts to diagnose and explain issues related to
the criminal issue, or to formulate recommendations that facilitate its
solution.

Criminology and its relationship with Anthropology.

In principle, anthropology can play a role in the legal apparatus, as a

relevant knowledge to understand the conflicts derived from or related to
cultural practices and collective values that are not shared by both parties of a
litigation, or else, that involve parties that have not participated in the formation
of the legal system that will resolve a conflict, as happens with the peoples
indigenous people.

The objectives of criminology are different but not incompatible. The difference
lies in the fact that anthropology participates to illustrate the
cultural foundations of behavior, while criminology is based on
understand the mechanics of facts and the way they relate to the
causes of behavior.

Placing anthropology in front of criminology does not always mean entering into
full in the explanation of the pathological behavior of criminals, not only
because this is a field that covers psychology, but because it is an activity
that it is necessary to have first verified that the accused is indeed the
perpetrator, something that should be studied properly in the prison environment.

The perspective of critical criminology seeks to incorporate the analysis of the fact
criminal the power structures that determine which human activities will be
considered criminal and how the infringements are kept hidden
legitimacy that comes from the exercise of power from the State itself.

The central element that connects both disciplines is the interest in knowing the
reasons behind the behavior of the actors. They are the reasons for the
those accused who argue that their behavior was not intended to
to be unlawful, with which guilt can be undermined.

An interesting aspect, little discussed in the change from the inquisitorial model to
adversarial, is the weight of subjectivity in the formation of responsibility.
In the inquisitorial model, it is assumed that historical truth is reached by
through the acquisition of hard data and that the result of this is a definition
objective of the facts.

Criminology and its relationship with statistics.

In the social sciences, the collection and comparison of data is necessary.

obtained from the statistical studies, because they reflect a summary of the
reality through samples of representative populations and also we
they help to predict events in the short and medium term, thanks to probability.

They depart from the neoclassicals based on the stipulation of costs and benefits.
by the offender in relation to the crime.
Its aim is to predict the behavior of the population in general with certain
trust.

Use of statistics in criminological research

Quantitative methods: They show us the frequency with which they are committed.
crimes and their characteristics and variables.

Qualitative study:

Self-victimization reports.

Self-report surveys
Qualitative methods: They are very useful for understanding the dark figure of
crime in a country through self-victimization surveys and
auto-incriminación.

Criminology and its relationship with Forensic Science.

When we talk about criminology and criminalistics, it is important to keep in mind that
Both disciplines are different and each one focuses on specific aspects of
his area of study.

Although it is common to confuse these two terms, it is a mistake to think that they are
similar since theforensic criminology focuses on the reasons for the
murders and forensics do it in the investigation process.

Criminology is often identified with criminalistics or vice versa, but what?

Are they in charge of the same thing? Do they have the sameprofessional opportunities in criminologyy
forensic science?

One should not confuse criminology and criminalistics, since the former focuses on
in why or the reason for the murders and the second in how, that is, the
investigation itself. Thus, as you can see, they have nothing to do with the
one with the other.

It could be said that forensic science is one of the branches of criminology, since
Criminology is a broader concept that encompasses the causes and the
forms of manifestation, among others, of the criminal phenomenon. For its part, the
Forensics is concerned with the exact fact, as it tries to find out or provide.
answers to questions such as who or how the crime was committed. Ultimately,
the study of deviant behavior against the physical evidence of the crime.

What are the differences between criminology and criminalistics?

If they have nothing to do with each other, what are the main ones?
differences between criminology and criminalistics? First of all, criminalistics is
primarily deals with determining how a crime was committed or who
he was responsible for committing such a crime.

Dentro de esta práctica se encuentran aplicaciones clásicas tales como la

photography, ballistics, shoeprint analysis, or fingerprint analysis, among others. That is to say, the
criminalistic studies rely on methods and techniques specific to their work that
they can be found in various disciplines, expert work, and even sciences
auxiliaries.

Meanwhile, criminology is a discipline that focuses on the study of

criminal phenomenon with the aim of understanding the causes and their forms of
manifestation. In criminology, our ESERP students learn to have
consider factors such as sociology, psychology, or social anthropology, the
which are used for the conceptual framework that defines criminal law.

Ultimately, criminology studies the causes of crime and tries to understand the
antisocial behavior of the attacker in question. Graduates in
Criminologists are trained to prevent a crime, reduce criminality and
to study the criminal, while criminalistics seeks to determine how it
has committed that crime. Therefore, the differences between criminology and
Forensic science is evident.

What is the scientific basis of each one?

The differences between both can also be observed in the sciences about
that are sustained. Thus, criminalistics is based on sciences such as physics,
chemistry or biology to clarify the crime, while criminology
help from psychology, sociology, or philosophy; or in other words, the first
it has a more practical character than the second, which is more theoretical.
Criminology and criminalistics: relationship with the law.

But the differences don't end here! As you may have deduced, its application
In criminal law it is not the same. Criminalistics, by clarifying the fact
criminal in itself, serves to define the truth and, therefore, establish a penalty for it.
the criminal in question. For its part, criminology is more preventive, as it does not
it applies a posteriori rather a priori, trying to enter the mind of the
criminals in order to regulate behaviors that are not appropriate in a
society.

The subjects of Criminology, which encompass law, medicine, the

psychology or sociology aim to train the student to
can evaluate both the criminal phenomenon and the design of strategies
necessary for the resolution of conflicts. The aim is to work on the matter of
crime prevention and security.

Criminology includes in its field of study some behaviors that are not
criminal, but considers them antisocial or deviant such as being the
suicide or drug addiction. Approach these facts in an analytical way and
interdisciplinary to discover their causes, how to avoid them and how to influence
in the people who carry them out so that they do not happen again. If you have
social sensitivity, teamwork skills, and you are interested in the world of
law and the prevention of crimes theDouble Degree in Law and Criminologyare you
place to train as a professional.

Forensic science is a discipline that focuses on investigation. Its objective is

the confirmation of the test through a scientific methodology. For this
apply the methods, scientific knowledge, and techniques to reconstruct the
events occurred. Its mission is to discover, obtain the explanation and prove
it clearly establishes the crimes. Some theorists consider it a branch
criminal law assistant, although others consider it useful for the law in
general.

Professional opportunities in the field of Criminology

Below, we present some of the most common professions.

you can access after studying a degree in criminology.
 Police investigation area and Security Forces and Corps.
Criminologist expert.
Private investigator.
Family and/or criminal mediator.
Penitentiary institutions: surveillance, treatment board.
Private security.
Investigative journalism, etc.

Criminology and its relationship with Political Sciences.

There is a relationship between them when we talk about a totalizing science of
Criminal Law. This, in my view, is like a kind of chain that
it works as follows:
Criminology is going to provide data about crime to criminal policy.
it is the set of measures developed to suppress and prevent crime), the
which is going to be expressed in the Criminal System, that is, the material criminal law,
criminal procedure, and penitentiary or punishment execution law, since The
The political criminal speech will not be given by the legislator, but by the Executive who is going to.
influence criminal legislation with its purely political decision, since the
A legal norm is a purely political decision. Thus, behind the penal system,
the predominant ideologies of the Executive will be present.

And what does this mean? It means the answer to today's problem, because to
It should be added that while the political decision will influence the
content of the criminal norm (also procedural and penitentiary or execution)
each sector of the system will have its own discourse that will oppose the
speech of the other. This will provoke instability within the penal system.
This, along with the null knowledge of the Executive on how to combat the
crime, resulting in what we don't finish seeing each day: the
prison overcrowding, the criminalization of everything that the executive sees
It is convenient to criminalize in order to become more popular, the contradiction between the
general prevention (society and material criminal law) and special prevention
(penitentiary and criminal execution), which causes the Criminal System
It doesn't work.

Thus, we see what the 'Totalizing Science of Criminal Law' seeks, which is
to embrace within the same framework the goals or instruments of the sciences of Criminal Law,
taking into account criminology and criminal policy, traversing the law
Criminal Material, criminal procedural law, including penitentiary law. Like
we just saw it and in my opinion it seems like an appealing speech, but it only gives us
It remains to find a point at which at least the system does not cancel itself out,
I tried to follow a line that points to the fulfillment of its mission.