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ScribdTranslationsThe Statistical Method is a powerful tool or working procedure of
Scientific Method. It is common to have the limited criterion that it is the same
highlight when a certain amount of data has been collected and
pretend to analyze them to reach the necessary deductions
THE HYPOTHESES
their attempts to explain the phenomena to be studied, which are formulated to
beginning of an investigation through a plausible assumption or conjecture
intended to be tested by the verification of facts.
It is a scientific prediction, a conjecture, the supposed solution to a problem, to
whose verification is the focus of the research and, as it is logical, can be
verified or rejected
WHAT IS A HYPOTHESIS TEST?
A hypothesis test is a rule that specifies whether it can be accepted or
reject a claim about a population depending on the evidence
provided by a data sample.
A hypothesis test examines two opposing hypotheses about a population.
In statistics, a sample is a subset of cases or individuals from a
population. In various applications, it is important for a sample to be representative,
and for that, an appropriate sampling technique must be chosen,
THE SAMPLES
They are obtained with the intention of inferring properties of the entire population,
for which they must be representative of it (a representative sample must
technically called random sample). To meet this feature, the
the inclusion of subjects in the sample must follow a sampling technique. In such
cases, similar information to that of a thorough study can be obtained through
greater speed and lower cost.
On the other hand, sometimes sampling can be more accurate than the study of
the entire population because handling a smaller amount of data also generates
fewer errors in their handling. In any case, the set of individuals of
the sample consists of the subjects actually studied.
The number of subjects that make up the sample is usually quite lower than the
total population, although large enough for the estimation of the
determined parameters have an adequate level of confidence.
STUDENT'S T DISTRIBUTION
The Student's t-distribution was discovered by William S. Gosset in 1908. Gosset
he was a statistician employed by the Guinness beer company with whom
I had a contract that stipulated that I could not use his name in my
publications. He resorted to the nickname 'Student' which is how it is now
we know the type of statistics that he developed.
Suppose a sample is taken from a normal population with mean and
variance. It is the average of the observations contained in the sample
random, then the distribution is a standard normal distribution.
Assume that the variance of population 2 is unknown.
Objective of the hypothesis test.
The purpose of the hypothesis test is not to question the calculated value of the
statistical (sample), but rather to make a judgment regarding the difference between
sample statistic and a proposed value of the parameter.
SAMPLES SMALL
The small sample theory is also called the exact sampling theory,
since we can also use it with large random samples.
Small samples are used when the distribution from which the sample comes
have normal behavior, when the sample sizes were
greater than or equal to 30. ... A distinction is made between cases of known and
unknown when calculating confidence interval estimates.
In statistics, the sample size is known as that number
determined subjects or things that make up the sample extracted from a
population, necessary for the obtained data to be representative of the
population.
A sample that is too large will result in the loss of valuable resources such as
time and money, while a small sample may not provide
reliable information.
The size of the sample can be:
Representative: It refers to all members of a group of
everyone has the same opportunities to participate in research.
Adequate: It refers to the fact that the sample size must be obtained.
mediante un análisis que permite resultados como disminuir el margen de error.
Example: If you want to conduct research within a university that
offers 10 different degrees and each has 700 students, you wouldn't want to do
7000 thousand surveys, it will be enough to determine the sample size. Without
embargo, we must consider the margin of error.
