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 NAME

mylestone
Runway to the Future SECTION

SOCIAL SCIENCE
HISTORY
URSE BOOK

CLASS 6
mylestone
Runway to the Future
NAME
SECTION

SOCIAL SCIENCE
HISTORY
COURSE BOOK6

CLASS

tl

E
Contents

1. What, Where, How and When 1

2. Early Humans of the Indian Subcontinent 15

3. The Earliest Societies 25

4. The First Cities 37

5. The Rigvedic and Megalithic Periods 48

6. Early Kingdoms 59

7. New Religious ldeas 69

8. Asoka The Mauryan Emperor 79

9. Life in Towns and Villages 88

10. Contacts with Distant Lands 99

11. New Empires and Kingdoms (300-700 CE) 109

12. Culture and Science (200 BCE to 700 CE) 121

Chapter 1
What, Where, How and When

Let's Begin
1. Think and write about some important or happy occasions of your life in the table given below. Begin
with the day you were born and continue till present.
Also, write about 1-2 things you have, such as a photograph or a toy that reminds you or tells you
more about the occasion.

Date
Occasion vorThing(s) that reminds you or gives
S. No. (yy or mm/yy or
(from the earliest to the latest) details of the occasion
dd/mm/yy)
a. I was born

b.

d.

e.

2. Now, arrange these occasions in ascending order on the scale given below, according to the date
when they happened. Start with the earliest (for example, birth date) on the leftmost side and move
towards the recent on the rightmost side. Write the date in smaller boxes and the occasion in the

bigger ones.

was

born.

From the earliest to the most recent

History: What, Where, How and When 1

You have just created a timeline of some of the most Neeta has many questions on her mind about
important and happy occasions of your own life. This the past. Frame five more questions that you
is a peek into your life to see what and when good have in your mind to find out more about the
things happened. Timelines can also be created to past.
show the progress of organisations, such as schools *******

and businesses, over a period of time; to know ***

what important events took place in a country and

when they happened; and to study how, when and
*****"****

where the development of humans took place till the

**.

present time.

You have also noticed that several things that

own, such as the photographs, toys and clothes, tell youLet's Know More
you about the important occasions of your life in
the past. These are
The Early Settlers of the Indian Sub-
the things that tell you about
continent
your past. Many such things help us to study the
past events of an organisation, country or human We can know several things about the past, such
as the places where people lived and the way of
life.
living of people the food they ate, the kinds of
houses in which they lived, the types of clothes and
Let's Find Out namentsthey wore, their beliefs, different ways
of entertainment and different works they did to
Read the given conversation and answer the earn a living. We also get to know about different
following questions. people, such as rulers, priests, farmers, traders and
craftsperson. We can know how children gained
Neeta: Hey Zeba, which book are you reading? knowledge, the games they played and the stories
Zeba: It is a book about the they heard. The study of the past events is called
people who lived
thousands of years ago. History that tells us about the origin of our society
and beliefs. It is explained by two words, individual
Neeta: Thousands
of years ago? Why are you studying and
change
-

as you have changed

have the
so
about people
who existed thousands of people around you. All past events are recorded
years ago
and what they did? and explained in chronological order by History.
The study of past is important to understand the
What can we know about the present. History is a continuous story of one event
people living
many so
years ago? Can we know how and where leading to the other; hence, it becomes essential
people lived to understand the
in the past? Or about what past, else the present cannot be
kinds of work people did
in the past? Is it understood.
possible to know what games people
played so Read the map of the Indian subcontinent
many years ago? given
in Fig. 1 to
explore the regions where the early
people settled in the Indian subcontinent and the
activities they carried out.
subcontinent a large landmass thot is a part of a
continent, yet has lts own
geographlcal, cultural or political features
2
Mylestone Social Science-6
Visit https://ebookmeta.com to browse our large collection
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 Kabul R Physical Map of the Indian Subcontinent
R(S.P.)
Sulaimar/Hills/
unau
henabBeas.R
R a v i B 4 8 e

Kirthar Hills atluj R

R(

Indus aputraR

(Thar Desert
chamba
R l( S p
S . P )

Ganga R a r oH i l l s

Vindhya Hills ()Narmad

son Ganga R
m .

Satpura
Tapti R
Mahanadi R
Godayari R Bay of Benga
Deccan

Krishna R
Arabian Sea
shats
Tungabhadra
Pennar RO

Kaveri R
Lakshadwèep

n d i a n OC e a n Map not to scale

A
Flg. 1 Physical Map of the Indian Subcontinent

Let's know in detail about the early settlers of the hundred thousand years. Some of them hunted
Indian subcontinent: animals for food (Fig. 2). They were skilled gatherers
who collected roots, berries, fruits and other things
1. Banks of River Narmada: People who lived
growing in the surrounding forests for their food
along the banks of River Narmada are considered (Fig. 3). They moved from place to place in search
among the first people to have settled in the Indian of food.
subcontinent. They lived in this region for several

History: What, Where, Howand When= 3

 4. River Indus and Its Tributaries: Gradually, the
early villages developed into cities. Some of the
earliest cities of the Indian subcontinent developed
about 4,700 years ago, on the banks of River Indus
and its five tributaries Sutlej, Jhelum, Chenab,
Ravi and Beas. These cities are well-known for
their town planning and drainage system.

Fig. 2 Early men hunting animals 5. River Ganga and Son: About 2,500 years ago,
the early kingdoms developed on the banks of
River Ganga and its tributaries. Powerful kingdoms
emerged in many parts of our country. One such
kingdom, Magadha, was located in the area
between River Ganga and its tributary Son. Many
powerful kings ruled this kingdom.

DIDYOU KNOWN
The Indian subcontinent includes the South
Fig. 3 Mother and child collecting fruits from forest
Asian countries India, Pakistan, Nepal,
Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. South Asia
2. The Sulaiman and Kirthar Hills: About 8,000 often called a subcontinent because this
years ago, people who lived here started growing
crops, such as wheat and barley, and began rearing large landmass is a part of the Asian continent
but, at the same time, it is separated from the
animals, such as sheep, goat and cattle, for food
This led people to live a settled life as they formed rest of Asia by natural features, such as seas,

villages (Fig. 4) in the region. hills and mountains.

Travelling Overseas and Across the

Subcontinent
Look at the map of the Indian subcontinent
(Fig. 1)
again. You will find out that the high mountains such
as the Himalayas, hills, seas and adesert form the
vast
natural boundaries of the subcontinent. Several rivers
Fig. 4 An early village and hills run across the subcontinent, and large areas
werecovered with thick forests. These natural barriers
. Garo Hills and Vindhya Hills: People who lived in
made the journeys dangerous and difficult.
these regions practiced agriculture.
Rice was first However,
this could not entirely stop the movement of the
grown in the places to the north of the Vindhya
people. Instead of living in isolated regions, many scaled
Hills.
tributary a river or stream that joins a larger river

4 =Mylestone SocialScience-6
 rivers Naming our Country
high mountains and hills and crossed the deserts,
and and travelled across the subcontinent. Some
seas Since the ancient times, country has been
our

undertook journeys to other parts of the world as well. refered to as 'Bharat'. The country has been named

People travelled for varied reasons. so after a group of people called Bharata, who lived
been
in the northwest part of our country and have
travelled for earning a living to fulfil the
Many mentioned in the Rigveda. Rigveda is a Sanskrit book
basic necessities of life-food, water, shelter and
that was written about 3,500 years ago.
clothing.
The name India comes from the river Indus which

They moved to other regions to save themselves flows in the northwest of the country. The river was
from natural disasters such as floods and called Sindhu by the people of our country. About
droughts. 2,500 years ago, the Iranians and
the Greeks who
arrived through the northwest part of India used
The armies travelled to conquer lands. to call river Sindhu as the Hindos or the Indos. They
Merchants travelled to distant places for trading. referred the land to the east ofthe river as India.

They carried valuable goods on the back of

animals for
in groups called
selling in other places. They moved
stay safe from wild
caravans to
Lef's Try 1
animals and people who attacked to loot goods. 1. Answer the following questions in not more

It was also easier to help one another while than 80 words.

travelling through difficult landforms. With the a. Write any three things you would like to know
passage of time, people undertook journeys by about the life of people who had lived in the
the sea in ships. past.
b. Write three ways in which the lifestyle of the
Religious preachers travelled within the the banks of the
early settlers living along
subcontinent and to foreign lands to teach religion Narmada River differed from those who lived
and offer religious advice to the followers. in Sulaiman and Kirthar Hills.
C. Suppose you were a foreign traveller who
Explorers travelled to discover new and
wanted to come to the Indian subcontinent
interesting places. thousands of years ago from the northwest
Just as some people of the subcontinent travelled to direction. Describe any two difficulties that
other lands, people from foreign lands also visited you would have faced during the journey.
the subcontinent. This led to exchange of new ideas d. Suppose that you were a merchant who
and intermixing of culture. People shared new ways often travelled for trading goods in the Indian
of making buildings, making crafts, weaving cloth, subcontinent long time back. How would you
growing crops and even cooking food. Over a period have preferredtotravel-alone or ina group?
of time, new languages and forms of music, art and
Give any three reasons for the answer.

dances developed. How did our country begin to be referred as

India'?

explorer a person who travels in search of new and unknown places

History: What, Where, How and When 5

 than 100 words.
2. Answer the following questions in not more

a. Describe the location and one main

feature of the five early settlements of the Indian subcontinent.
travel far and wide in the past? Give five reasons to
b. Why did people of the Indian subcontinent
explain the answer.

Let's Find Out

names of the things and the person
1. Read the story Life of My Grandparents' and underline the
life.
through which Suman learnt some details of her grandparents'

Life of My Grandparents

lam Suman. Today, I saw a big, old box lying on a table in the storeroom. I was curious to know about

the box.

"Dadi, this box looks quite old. When did you buy it? And what have you kept in it?" l asked granny.

Dadi smiled and said" I bought this box when we lived at Lahore in 1940. I have kept in it some old
things we used while in Lahore"

"Dadi, where is Lahore? I have never heard of this place before." I asked.

Dadi told me that Lahore is a city in the present-day Pakistan. Before 1947, Pakistan was a part of India.
The family lived there in a big haveli (house)"

Dadi opened the box.

I saw a small cloth bag in the box, which had old coins. I looked at the coins closely. These were 'pice',
anna, 1/4 rupee, 1/2 rupee' and '1 rupee' coins. The coins also had the image of a British king. I was
surprised as these coins are no longer used in India. Dadi told me that these coins were used when the
British ruled India.

In the box, there were some brass utensils which dadi used in Lahore. Today, people mainly use steel
utensils for cooking. I also found dadaji's diary in which he had written about some important events ofi
his life. Some old newspaper cuttings having stories on the freedom fight of India were also kept in the
box. I saw a photograph of the big, joint family in which my grandparents lived. Women were wearing
salwaar-kameez with dupatta over their heads. Men were clad in kurta-pyjama and turban.

Dadi told that during those times, most Indians wore traditional dresses and lived in joint families.

6
- Mylestone Social Scie-
2. Now, write the things that you have underlined under proper headings in the table given below.

Things which gave Suman written Things which gave Suman unwritten Person who gave Suman oral
information information information

books and
Written Sources: These are the written
Let'sKnow More documents which give us information about the

Finding out About our Past past.

Inearly times, books and documents were written

You just read how Suman found some details of her
by hand. In the Latin, word 'manu', means hand.
grandparents' lives in the past through coins, letters The word 'script' means 'written text'. Therefore,
and diary. Similarly, some persons and things help
these handwritten books were called manuscripts.
us to find out about the past. These are called the
Our manuscripts were written mostly on the palm
sources of history. A source of history might be a leaves or the bark of the birch tree (Fig. 5) in

book, toy, coin shoe used in the past. The

or even a
Sanskrit, Tamil and Prakrit languages. During those
objects of the past are called sources because they
times, Prakrit was the language of the common
add to our knowledge of the past.
people. These books inform us about numerous
The sources of history are mainly divided into two things of our past, such as medicine, science, lives
categories literary and archaeological. These of kings, their policies, and religious beliefs and

practices followed by people. Manuscripts written

sources can help us find out about the people and
events that took place in the Indian subcontinent by foreign travellers and traders give us important
information on different subjects such as our
long, long ago.
rulers, trade, famous towns and cities and social
Literary Sources conditions of those times. Since manuscripts were
written on leaves and barks of trees, many of them
All texts, Ilong or short, written or oral, which help have been eaten away by insects or destroyed by
us to know about the past, are a part or iterary the forces of nature. However, many are kept safe

sources. in our temples and monasterles.

monastery a bullding In which monks live and worship

7
History: What, Where, How and When
Other documents randomly have
different content
 110 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE The Miser Another
striking, but happily less common, spectacle, is that which is imaged
for us in Plate XVII. The background differs somewhat from the
ordinary astral body, for there is a total absence of devotion, and far
less than the normal proportion of affection. Avarice, selfishness,
deceit and adaptability (or perhaps, rather, cunning) are all
intensified, but, on the other hand, there is very little sensuality. The
most remarkable characteristic, however, is to be seen in the curious
series of parallel horizontal lines which bar the oval, and give the
impression that the man within is confined in a cage. These bars are
of a deep brown colour, almost burnt sienna, level and clearly
marked as to their upper edge, but shading off into a sort of cloud
below. This is an illustration of a confirmed miser, and naturally so
extreme a case is not very common; but a large number of people
seem to have some of the elements of the miser in their nature, and
show them by an intensification of the colour of avarice and by one
or two such bars in the upper part of the astral body, though few are
so completely confined as is this specimen. This vice of avarice
seems to have the effect of completely arresting development for
the time, and it is very difficult
XVII
 MORE PERMANENT CONDITIONS 111 to shake off when
once it has gained a firm hold upon the personality. Deep Depression
The astral body shown in Plate XVIII. is in many ways similar to the
last. Here, however, we have dull grey lines instead of the brown,
and the whole effect is indescribably gloomy and depressing to the
observer. It does not seem that in this case any qualities are
necessarily absent ; we have simply the ordinary colours of the body
as a background, but all are veiled by these heavy weeping lines.
Our picture represents a person during a period of extreme
depression, and naturally there are very many intermediate stages
between this and the healthy astral body. A man may have only a
few bars of depression, and even they may be but transient ; or in
slighter and less persistent cases, the heavy cloud may hardly have
time to arrange itself in lines at all. Yet there are only too many who
yield themselves to these feelings, and allow the fog of despair to
close round them until all the world looks black ; not realising that in
doing so they are not only seriously delaying their own evolution and
losing manifold opportunities, but are also causing unnecessary
suffering and injury to all those near to them. No psychic condition is
more infectious than this feeling of
 112 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE depression ; its
vibrations radiate in all directions and introduce their slackening,
deadening effects into every astral body within reach, whether the
ego to which that astral body belongs is in incarnation or not. The
man who gives way to despondency is thus a nuisance and a danger
alike to the living and the dead, for in these days of overstrain and
nervous worry most people find it very difficult to resist the
contagion of these funereal vibrations. (The only man who is proof
against such dire influences is he who understands something of the
purpose of life, who regards it from the philosophical and
commonsense standpoint, and realises that it is his duty to be
happy, since the Logos intends that he should be so. The student of
Theosophy should be instantly distinguishable from the rest of the
world by his absolute serenity under all possible difficulties, and his
radiant joy in helping others. J Fortunately good influences can be
spread abroad just as readily as evil ones,/and the man who is wise
enough to be happy will become a centre of happiness for others, a
veritable sun, shedding light and joy on all around him, and to this
extent acting as a fellow-worker together with God, who is the
source of all joy. ) In this way we may all of us help to break up
these gloomy bars of depression, and set the soul within them free
in the glorious sunlight of the divine love.
XVIII
 MORE PERMANENT CONDITIONS 113 The Devotional Type
It will be useful for us to close our list of special cases among astral
bodies by examining two very distinct types, from the comparison of
which a good deal may be learnt. The first of these is illustrated in
Plate XIX., and we may call him the devotional man. His
characteristics present themselves through the medium of his
colours, and we see that he possesses the faint touch of violet which
suggests the possibility of his response to the presentment of a high
ideal. His most prominent feature is the unusual development of the
blue, showing strong religious feeling; but unfortunately only a very
small proportion of this is the pure light blue of unselfish devotion,
the majority being of a dark and somewhat muddy hue, suggesting
the admixture of a good deal of desire for personal gain. The very
small proportion of yellow tells us that he has very little intelligence
to direct his devotion into reasonable channels, or to save him from
degenerating into senseless bigotry. He has a fair proportion of
affection and adaptability, though not of very high order; but the
amount of sensuality expressed is much above the average, and
deceit and selfishness are also very prominent. It is a remarkable
fact that extreme sensuality and the devotional temperament are 8
 114 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE so frequently seen in
association; it would suggest that there must be some hidden
connection between them — or it may be simply that both are
characteristic of a man who lives chiefly in his feelings, and is
governed by them instead of trying to control them by reason.
Another point to which attention should be paid is the irregularity in
the distribution of the colours and the vagueness of their outline ;
they all melt into one another, and there are no clear lines of
demarcation anywhere. This also is very characteristic of the
vagueness of the devotional man's conceptions. It will be understood
that in this case, as in all the others of this chapter, we are dealing
merely with variants of the ordinary person. Consequently this is the
astral body of an ordinary and non-intellectual religious man — not
in the least that of the developed religious man whose devotion is
evoked by full comprehension and guided by reason. The Scientific
Type The observer can hardly fail to be struck by the contrast
between the body illustrated in Plate XX. and that which we have
just described. In Plate XIX. we see the principal features are
devotion (of a sort) and sensuality, and a very small modicum of
intellect is shown ; in Plate XX. we have no devotion at all, and far
XIX
 MORE PERMANENT CONDITIONS 115 less than the average
amount of sensuality, but the intellect is developed to a very
abnormal degree. Affection and adaptability are both somewhat
small in quantity and poor in quality, being apparently overshadowed
by the intellectual development, as the man is not yet sufficiently
advanced to possess all these qualities equally in their higher forms.
There is a good deal of selfishness and avarice, and a certain
capability of jealousy is also apparent. But the great feature of this
man is the large proportion of golden yellow, showing a well-
developed intelligence directed principally to the attainment of
knowledge. A huge cone of bright orange rising in the midst of it
indicates the presence of much pride and ambition in connection
with that knowledge, but still the shade of the yellow precludes the
idea that the intellect is debased to merely selfish ends. It should be
noticed also that the scientific and orderly habit of mind has a
distinct influence upon the arrangement of the astral colours; they
tend to fall into regular bands, and the lines of demarcation between
them are decidedly more definite than in the previous illustration. It
is evident that the bodies pictured in Plates XIX. and XX. give us
examples of two varieties of unequal development ; and while each
has its
 116 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE good points, each also
has decided disadvantages. We shall now proceed to the
consideration of the vehicles of the more developed man who
possesses all these various qualities to a much greater extent, but
has them well balanced, so that each supports and strengthens the
other, instead of dominating or stifling it.
XX
 Chapter XVIII THE DEVELOPED MAN The term "developed"
is a relative one, so it will be well to explain exactly what is here
meant by it. The vehicles illustrated under this heading are such as
might be possessed by any pure-minded person who had definitely
and intelligently " set his affection on things above, and not on
things of earth." They are not those of one already far advanced
upon the path which leads to adeptship, for in that case we should
find a considerable difference in size as well as in arrangement. But
they do distinctly imply that the man of whom they are expressions
is a seeker after the higher truth, one who has risen above mere
earthly aims, and is living for an ideal. Among such some may be
found who are especially advanced in one direction, and some in
another ; this is an evenly -balanced man — simply a fair average of
those who are at the level which I describe. We may first examine
Plate XXI., which 117
 118 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE represents for us his
causal body. By comparing this with Plates V. and VIII. we shall see
what the man's progress has been, and how it is expressed in his
appearance. We observe that by this time many beautiful qualities
have been developed within him, for the glorious iridescent film is
now filled with the most lovely colours, typifying for us the higher
forms of love, devotion and sympathy, aided by an intellect refined
and spiritualised, and by aspirations reaching ever towards the
divine. Let me quote from the sixth of our Theosophical manuals, p.
80: — "Composed of matter inconceivably fine, delicate and
ethereal, intensely alive and pulsating with living fire, it becomes as
its evolution proceeds a radiant globe of flashing colours, its high
vibrations sending ripples of changing hues over its surface — hues
of which earth knows nothing — brilliant, soft and luminous beyond
the power of language to describe. Take the colours of an Egyptian
sunset and add to them the wonderful softness of an English sky at
eventide — raise these as high above themselves in light and
translucency and splendour as they are above the colours given by
the cakes of a child's paint-box — and even then none who have not
seen can image the beauty of these radiant
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.80%
accurate

'Tbotochromogravure, Lyons & Loudoi, XXI

 The developed man 119 orbs which flash into the field of
clairvoyant vision as it is lifted to the level of this supernal world. "
All these causal bodies are filled with living fire drawn from a higher
plane, with which the globe appears to be connected by a quivering
thread of intense light, vividly recalling to the mind the words of the
stanzas of Dzyan, ' The spark hangs from the flame by the finest
thread of Fohat'; and as the soul grows and is able to receive more
and more from the inexhaustible ocean of the Divine Spirit which
pours down through the thread as a channel, the latter expands and
gives wider passage to the flood, till on the next sub-plane it might
be imaged as a water-spout connecting earth and sky, and higher
still as itself a great globe through which rushes the living spring,
until the causal body seems to melt into the inpouring light. Once
more the stanza says it for us : ( The thread between the watcher
and his shadow becomes more strong and radiant with every
change. The morning sunlight has changed into noon-day glory. This
is thy present wheel, said the flame to the spark. Thou art myself,
my image and my shadow. I have clothed myself in thee, and thou
art my vahan to the day, "Be-with-us," when thou shalt re-become
myself and others, thyself and me.' "
 120 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE How hopeless it seems
to try to represent all this glory on paper! Yet our artist has skilfully
contrived to suggest that which no brush could paint and however
far even the cleverest physical image may be from that transcendent
reality, it at least gives our imagination a starting-point from which
we may try to build up a conception. / We must not omit to notice
one of the grandest characteristics of the developed man — his
capacity to serve as a channel for higher force. It will be seen that
from his causal body streams of this force pour out in various
directions, for his attitude of unselfishness, of helpfulness and
readiness to give, makes it possible for the divine strength to
descend upon him in steady stream, and through him to reach many
who are not yet strong enough to receive it directly. Thus to become
one of God's almoners is indeed a privilege worth working for, yet it
is within our reach if we will but try for it. ) The crown of brilliant
sparks which ascends from the upper part of the body indicates the
activity of spiritual aspiration, and adds very greatly to the beauty
and dignity of the man's appearance. This rises constantly from the
causal body, no matter how the lower man may be occupied on the
physical plane : for when the
I XXII
 THE DEVELOPED MAN 121 soul of man is once awakened
upon his own level, and is beginning to understand something of
himself and his relation to the divine, he looks ever upwards towards
the source from which he came, totally irrespective of any activities
which he may at the same time be inspiring on lower planes. We
must never forget how small and partial an expression of the self
even the noblest personality can be; so that as soon as the higher
man begins to look round him, he finds almost unlimited possibilities
opening before him, of which in this cramped physical life we can
form no idea. This very upward rushing of spiritual aspiration, which
makes so glorious a crown for our developed man, is itself the
channel through which the divine power descends; so that the fuller
and stronger his aspirations become, the larger is the measure of
the grace from on high. His Mental Body It can hardly fail to strike
the observer as we come to deal with the more developed man, that
his various vehicles are not only all of them greatly refined and
improved, but they are also very much more like one another.
Allowing for the difference between what we may call the octaves of
the colour — between the hues belonging
 122 MAN VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE to the lower and the
higher levels of the mental plane — Plate XXII. is almost a
reproduction of Plate XXI. ; and the resemblance between Plates
XXII. and XXIII. is perhaps even more marked, though in comparing
them we have to remember that astral colours are again of a
different octave from even the lower mental. Another useful
comparison to make is that between Plates XXII., IX. and VI. , in
order that we may see how the evolution from the savage to the
unselfish man shows itself in the mind-body. It will appear upon
examination that pride, anger and selfishness have altogether
disappeared, and that the remaining colours have not only so
expanded as to fill the whole oval, but have also so improved in tone
as to give quite a different impression. Every one of them is more
refined and delicate, for all thought of self has vanished from them;
and in addition has appeared the pure violet with the golden stars,
which indicates the acquisition of new and greater qualities. The
power from above, which we saw radiating out through his causal
body, acts also through the mental vehicle, though with somewhat
less force. This is on the whole a very fine mental body, already well
developed, and having within it every promise of rapid progress
along the Path, when the time for that shall come.
XXIII
 THE DEVELOPED MAN 123 His Astral Body His astral body,
which is pictured in Plate XXIII., will at once be seen to resemble the
mental vehicle very closely. It is, in fact, little more than a reflection
of it in the grosser matter of the astral plane. This indicates that the
man has his desires thoroughly under the control of the mind, and is
no longer liable to be swept away from the firm base of reason by
wild surges of emotion. Since he is not yet definitely on the Path, he
will no doubt still be subject to occasional irritability, and to
undesirable cravings of various sorts. But he knows enough now to
repress these lower manifestations, to maintain a struggle against
them whenever they appear, instead of yielding to them. So though
they may temporarily change his astral body, they will hardly make
any permanent impression upon it as against the much stronger
vibrations of his higher qualities. In exactly the same way, at a still
later stage of progress, the mental body itself becomes a reflection
of the causal, since the man learns to follow solely the promptings of
the higher self, and to guide his reason exclusively by them. This
illustration brings clearly before us an interesting fact connected with
the yellow light, which signifies intellect. When this colour is
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