NORM ABNT NBR

Brazilian 17015
Second edition
12.07.2023

Execution of linear works for transportation

raw and treated water, sewage
urban drainage, using rigid pipes,
semi-rigid and flexible
Laying of pipelines to convey raw and treated water, wastewater and urban
drainage, using rigid, semirigid and flexible pipes

ICS 91.140.60; 23.040.01 ISBN 978-85-07-09736-5

Reference number
ABNT NBR 17015:2023
114 pages

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 ABNT NBR 17015:2023

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All rights reserved. Unless specified otherwise, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or used by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission by
ABNT writing.

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Summary Page

Preface ..............................................................................................................................................vii
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references.........................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions..............................................................4
4 General requirements .............................................................................................................10
4.1 Project...............................................................................................................................10
4.2 Execution...........................................................................................................................12
4.2.1 Construction site.............................................................................................................12
4.2.2 Preliminary services......................................................................................................13
4.2.3 Transportation, handling and storage of materials.................................................16
4.2.4 Rental and leveling....................................................................................................18
4.2.5 Removal of pavement
4.2.6 Excavation of trenches, wells, and pits...............................................................................20
4.2.7 Bracing
4.2.8 Exhaustion ....................................................................................................................27
4.2.9 Preparation and regulation of the ditch base, laying, execution of the joints
the envelope of the tubes
4.2.10 Re-filling, compaction and removal of shoring....................................................46
4.2.11 Pavement replacement
4.2.12 Registration .................................................................................................................51
5 Specific requirements....................................................................................................52
5.1 Anchoring .......................................................................................................................52
5.2 Aerial installations...........................................................................................................54
5.3 Submerged installations....................................................................................................56
5.4 Installation of piping in highway or railway crossings.................................56
5.5 Water supply systems .................................................................56
5.5.1 Water building connection executed by the destructive method......................................56
5.5.2 Building water connection executed by the non-destructive method................................57
5.5.3 Installation of valves, discharges, devices for the elimination or absorption of air....57
5.5.4 Hidrantes...........................................................................................................................60
5.5.5 Interconnections of water networks and water main pipelines....................................................................62
5.5.6 Leakage verification........................................................................................63
5.6 Sanitary sewer systems .........................................................................................63
5.6.1 Building sewer connection ... 63
5.6.2 Inspection and visit wells..............................................................................................64
5.6.3 Cleaning Terminal (CT) .................................................................................................67
5.6.4 Junction box (JB)..................................................................................................67
5.6.5 Joint testing ..............................................................................................................67
Annex A (regulatory) Storage, handling, and transportation of materials .............................68
A.1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U, PVC DEFOFO and PVC-O) pipes.................................68
A.1.1 Storage ..................................................................................................................68

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A.1.2 Handling...........................................................................................................................70
A.1.3 Transport.........................................................................................................................70
A.2 Polyethylene pipes..............................................................................................71
A.2.1 Transport and handling....................................................................................................71
A.2.2 Storage
A.3 Cast iron pipes ....................................................................................................72
A.3.1 Storage of tubes .............................................................................................72
A.3.1.1 Formation of batteries........................................................................................................73
A.3.2 Storage and usage period of rubber rings....................................76
A.3.2.1 Storage ...............................................................................................................76
A.3.2.2 Usage period...........................................................................................................76
A.3.3 Storage of valves.........................................................................................77
A.4 Concrete tubes ...........................................................................................................77
A.4.1 Download
A.4.2 Storage ...............................................................................................................77
Annex B (regulatory) Width and depth of trenches, wells, and pits......................................79
Annex C (regulatory) Types of shoring ..........................................................83
C.1 Wood shoring structure - Post type .................................83
C.2 Wood bracing structure - Discontinuous type.........................................84
C.3 Wooden support structure - Continuous type...............................................85
C.4 Wooden shoring structure – Special type................................................86
C.5 Bracing structure - Metal type and/or wood ............................................87
Annex D (regulatory) Types of support for piping, encasement, and backfill..............................88
Annex E (regulatory) Requirements for the execution of the enclosure and unified system
soil classification (SUCS).................................................................................97
Annex F (regulatory) Elastic joint ................................................................................................103
F.1 Assembly of the elastic joint..........................................................................................103
F.2 Devices for assembling the elastic joint...............................................................103
F.2.1 Pipes from DN 50 to DN 150..............................................................................................103
F.2.2 Pipes from DN 200 to DN 600
F.2.3 Pipes from DN 700 to DN 1,200.........................................................................................104
Annex G (regulatory) Mechanical joint assembly .....................................................................107
Annex H (regulatory) Assembly of the joint and flanges.................................................................109
Annex I (regulatory) Cutting of ductile cast iron pipes.......................................................110
Annex J (regulatory) Maximum permissible pulling force of polyethylene pipes............112
Bibliography

Figures
Figure 1 - Stages of backfilling the trench..............................................................................................34
Figure 2 - Settlement methods
Figure 3 - Manual descent of the tube
Figure 4 - Methods of preparing the tube for mechanical lifting.................................................40

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Figure 5 - Deflections of the tubes

Figure 6 - Tube fitting by manual system........................................................................42
Figure 7 - Incorrect way to couple the tubes..........................................................43
Figure 8 – Special settlements.................................................................................................43
Figure 9 – Small anchors with wooden posts for DN 50 connections
a 100 ..................................................................................................................................53
Figure 10 - Illustrative drawings of concrete anchoring blocks..................................54
Figure 11 - Aerial Crossing
Figure 12 - Valve assembly diagrams.........................................................................59
Figure 13 – Installation of column hydrant
Figure 14 – Underground hydrant installation
Figure A.1 - Stacking diagram of the tubes...............................................................68
Figure A.2 – Stacking – Support of the first layer of tubes and free bags....................69
Figure A.3 – Protection for storing exposed tubes for an extended period
to six months
Figure A.4 - Transport and handling of the tubes............................................................70
Figure A.5 – Example of side supports.....................................................................................71
Figure A.6 – Examples of tube storage
Figure A.7 - Stacked layers..................................................................................73
Figure A.8 – Stacked layers-Sacks on the same side..........................................75
Figure A.9 - Stacked layers with alternating side pockets...............................76
Figure C.1 – Wood Shoring – Type Stacking
Figure C.2 - Wood Bracing - Discontinuous Type..........................................................84
Figure C.3 - Wooden bracing - Continuous type
Figure C.4 – Wood Bracing – Special Type.................................................................86
Figure C.5 – Bracing – Metal and/or wood type..............................................................87
Figure D.1 - Direct support.................................................................88
Figure D.2 - Support on soil layer......................................................................................89
Figure D.3 – Support on a fine granular material bed (sand)...................................................89
Figure D.4 – Support on a bed of fine granular material (sand) and partial lateral encasement.
Figure D.5 - Support on gravel ballast...............................................................91
Figure D.6 - Support on slab and concrete cradle with foundation..............................................92
Figure D.7 – Slab on gravel ballast (foundation).........................................................................92
Figure D.8 - Slab on stone base (foundation)...........................................92
Figure D.9 - Slab on pile (foundation).....................................................................................93
Figure D.10 – Support on a bed of fine granular material.............................................................93
Figure D.11 – Support on a fine granular material bed.............................................................94
Figure D.12 - Support on gravel ballast.......................................................................................94
Figure D.13 - Support on slab and concrete cradle with foundation ...........................................95
Figure D.14 – Slab on gravel ballast (foundation).......................................................................95
Figure D.15 – Support on a fine granular material bed.............................................................96
Figure E.1 - First layer of the envelope.................................................................97
Figure E.2 – Other layers of the envelope...................................................................................98

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Figure E.3 – Envelope for traffic condition..........................................................................98

Figure E.4 - Enclosure for walking condition of other conditions without traffic..............99
Figure E.5 – Plasticity Graph..............................................................................................102
Figure F.1 – Cleaning of the rubber ring housing inside the bag........................104
Figure F.2 – Placement of the rubber ring in its housing...............................................104
Figure F.3 - Marking at the end of the tube the distance to penetrate into the adjacent tube's pocket.
Figure F.4 – Application of lubricant paste on the exposed surface of the rubber ring.
Figure F.5 - Verification by means of a blade of the position of the rubber ring.................105
Figure F.6 – Assembly of pipes DN 50 to DN 150 using a lever................................105
Figure F.7 – Assembly of pipes DN 200 to DN 600 using a tirfor..............................106
Figure F.8 - Assembly of pipes DN 700 to DN 1 200 using two tirfors.........................106
Figure G.1 - Positioning of the counter flange and the rubber ring at the end of the tube.........107
Figure G.2 – Application of the rubber ring in the housing of the bag........................................108
Figure G.3 – Manual tightening of the nuts
Figure G.4 – Indicative diagram of the order for tightening the nuts.............................................108
Figure H.1 - Order of tightening the flange bolts..........................................................109
Figure I.1 - Cut using high-speed abrasive disc....................................................... 111
Figure I.2 - Execution of the chamfer using a file

Tables
Tabela 1 – Tempo mínimo para aplicação de esforços..................................................................45
Table 2 - Minimum width of the columns ....................................................................................55
Table A.1 - Storage height of the pipes.................................................................74
Table A.2 – Thickness of spacers.........................................................................................75
Table A.3 – Stacking Height – Concrete Pipes..........................................................78
Table B.1 – Width of the trench for sewer work.........................................................................79
Table B.2 – Width of the trench for water work............................................................................81
Table B.3 – Covering of pipelines by type of pavement (water systems).............82
Table B.4 - Covering of pipelines by type of pavement (sewage systems and
drainage
Table B.5 – Dimensions of Singularities
Table E.1 - Height of the envelope layers according to the nominal diameter of the tube........97
Table E.2 – Criteria for assigning group symbols.....................................................99
Table E.3 - Soil Classification.
Table J.1 – Maximum allowable pull force of PE 80 pipes in kilogram force (kgf)..112
Table J.2 – Pulling force reduction factor as a function of ambient temperature....113

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Preface

The Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) is the National Forum for Standardization. The Standards
Brazilians, whose content is the responsibility of the Brazilian Committees (ABNT/CB), of the Organisms
of Sectoral Normalization (ABNT/ONS) and Special Study Commissions (ABNT/CEE), are
elaborated by Study Commissions (CE), formed by the stakeholders on the subject matter
of normalization.

The ABNT Technical Documents are prepared according to the rules of the ABNT Directive 2.

AABNT draws attention to the fact that, although a response was requested regarding any rights
patents during the National Consultation, these may occur and must be communicated to ABNT
at any time (Law No. 9,279, of May 14, 1996).

The Technical Documents ABNT, like the International Standards (ISO and IEC), are voluntary.
and do not include contractual, legal, or statutory requirements. The ABNT Technical Documents do not
they replace Laws, Decrees or Regulations, which users must comply with, taking precedence
about any ABNT Technical Document.

It should be noted that the ABNT Technical Documents may be cited in regulations.
Technicians. In these cases, the bodies responsible for Technical Regulations may determine
the dates for the requirement of the requirements of any Technical Documents ABNT.

The ABNT NBR 17015 was developed by the Brazilian Committee on Basic Sanitation (ABNT/CB-177), by
Study Commission for the Execution, Installation, and Maintenance of Sanitation Systems
(CE-177:001.002). The 1st Project circulated in National Consultation according to Public Notice No. 12, dated 07.12.2021
On 08.02.2022, the 2nd Project was circulated in National Consultation according to Notice No. 07, dated 26.07.2022.
OnAugust24,2022,AmendmentProject1circulatedinNationalConsultationaccordingtoNoticeNo.02,datedFebruary15,2023.
a 16.03.2023.

The ABNT NBR 17015:2022 cancels and replaces the ABNT NBR 9814:1987, ABNT NBR 9822:2012,
ABNT NBR 12266:1992 and ABNT NBR 12595:1992.

ABNT NBR 17015:2023 is equivalent to the set ABNT NBR 17015:2022 and Amendment 1, of July 12, 2023.
which cancels and replaces ABNT NBR 17015:2022.

The Scope in English of ABNT NBR 17015 is as follows:

Scope
This document establishes the necessary requirements for laying pipelines to convey raw and treated
water, sewage and urban drainage systems, using rigid (concrete and ceramic), semirigid (cast iron)
and glass fiber reinforced polyester) and flexible (PVC, polyethylene) pipes, polypropylene).

This document is applicable to works carried out using the open cut method, except in the case
of water connections that can also be carried out by non-destructive methods.

This document is applicable to sections of pipes used in aerial/underground crossings, siphons,

underwater works and other special works, when these works are part of the project and prioritize the
specific project.

This document does not apply to sections of buried pipes executed with steel tubes.

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 BRAZILIAN STANDARD ABNT NBR 17015:2023

Execution of linear works for the transport of raw and treated water,
sanitary sewage and urban drainage, using rigid pipes,
semi-rigid and flexible

1 Scope
This document establishes the requirements for the execution of linear works of supply systems.
of water, sewage and urban drainage, using rigid pipes (concrete
and ceramics), semi-rigid (cast iron and GRP) and flexible (PVC, polyethylene, and polypropylene).

This document applies to works carried out by the open trench method (OTM).

This document applies to the sections of piping used in aerial and underground crossings.
siphons, underwater works, and other special works, when these works are part of the project
and are detailed in a specific project.

This document does not apply to the sections of buried pipelines made with steel pipes.

2Normative References
The following documents are cited in the text in such a way that their contents, total or partial,
they constitute requirements for this Document. For dated references, only the editions apply
cited. For undated references, the most recent editions of the referred document apply
(including amendments).

ABNT NBR 5601, Stainless steels - Classification by chemical composition

ABNT NBR 5645, Ceramic pipes for pipelines

ABNT NBR 5647-1, Systems for water intake and distribution - PVC-U pipes and fittings 6.3
with elastic joint and with nominal diameters up to DN 100 - Part 1: General requirements for pipes
and testing methods

ABNT NBR 5647-2, Systems for water intake and distribution - PVC-U pipes and fittings 6.3
with elastic joint and nominal diameters up to DN 100 – Part 2: Specific requirements for pipes
with nominal pressure PN 1.0 MPa

ABNT NBR 5647-3, Systems for water intake and distribution - PVC-U pipes and fittings 6.3
with elastic joint and with nominal diameters up to DN 100 - Part 3: Specific requirements for pipes
with nominal pressure PN 0.75 MPa

ABNT NBR 5647-4, Systems for the conveyance and distribution of water – PVC-U pipes and fittings 6.3
with elastic joint and nominal diameters up to DN 100 - Part 4: Specific requirements for pipes
with nominal pressure PN 0.60 MPa

ABNT NBR 5647-5, Systems for water intake and distribution - PVC-U pipes and fittings 6.3
with elastic joint and with nominal diameters up to DN 100 – Part 5: Requirements for connections

ABNT NBR 5667-1,Hidrantes urbanos de incêndio de ferro fundido dúctil – Parte 1: Hidrantes
of column

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ABNT NBR 5667-2, Ductile cast iron urban fire hydrants – Part 2: Hydrants
subterranean

ABNT NBR 5667-3, Ductile cast iron urban fire hydrants – Part 3: Hydrants
of column with its own filling

ABNT NBR 5739, Concrete – Compression test of cylindrical test specimens

ABNT NBR 6118, Design of concrete structures - Procedure

ABNT NBR 7182, Soil – Compaction Test

ABNTNBR7188,Mobileroadandpedestrianloadonbridges,viaducts,walkways,andotherstructures

ABNT NBR 7362-1, Buried systems for sewage conduction - Part 1: Requirements for pipes
of PVC with elastic joint

ABNT NBR 7362-2, Buried systems for sewage conduction - Part 2: Requirements for pipes
made of PVC with solid wall

ABNT NBR 7665, Pressurized water or sewage transport systems - PVC-M pipes
DEFOFO with elastic joint - Requirements

ABNT NBR 7674, Elastic joint for pipes and ductile cast iron connections

ABNT NBR 7675, Ductile iron pipes and fittings and accessories for conveyance and distribution systems
of water - Requirements

ABNT NBR 7676, Sealing elements based on thermoset elastomers for pipes, fittings,
equipment, components and accessories for water, sewage, drainage and rainwater and water
hot – Requirements

ABNT NBR 8890, Circular section concrete pipe for rainwater and sanitary sewage - Requirements
and testing methods

ABNT NBR 9061, Open-Cast Excavation Safety

ABNT NBR 9648, Study of the design of sanitary sewage systems - Procedure

ABNT NBR 9649, Design of sanitary sewage collector networks - Procedure

ABNT NBR 9650, Verification of tightness in the installation of conduits and water networks -
Procedure

ABNT NBR 10160, Ductile cast iron plugs and grates – Requirements and testing methods

ABNT NBR 10848, Installation of fiberglass reinforced polyester piping

ABNT NBR 11185, Project for ductile cast iron piping for water conduction
under pressure - Procedure

ABNT NBR 12051, Soil – Determination of the minimum void ratio of non-cohesive soils

ABNT NBR 12207, Project of sanitary sewer interceptors

ABNT NBR 12211, Studies on the design of public water supply systems -
Procedure

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 ABNT NBR 17015:2023

ABNT NBR 12215, Water aqueduct project – Part 1: Pressure conduit

ABNT NBR 12218, Design of water distribution network for public supply - Procedure

ABNT NBR 12284, Living areas in construction sites - procedure

ABNT NBR 12586, Registration of water supply systems – Procedure

ABNT NBR 12587, Registration of sewage system – Procedure

ABNT NBR 12655, Portland cement concrete - Preparation, control, acceptance and receipt -
Procedure

ABNT NBR 13133, Execution of topographic survey

ABNT NBR 13211, Sizing of anchors for piping – Procedure

ABNT NBR 14208, Buried systems for sewage conduction – Ceramic pipes and fittings
with elastic gaskets - Requirements

ABNT NBR 14464, Plastic pipes and fittings - butt welding union in pipes and fittings
of polyethylene PE 80 and PE100 - Procedure

ABNT NBR 14465, Plastic pipes and fittings - joint by electrofusion welding in pipes and fittings
of polyethylene PE 80 and PE100 - Procedure

ABNT NBR 14486, Buried systems for sanitary sewage conduction – Network design
collectors with PVC pipes

ABNT NBR 14968, Nodular cast iron gate valve with rubberized wedge – Requirements

ABNT NBR 15420, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, and accessories for sewer pipelines –
Requirements

ABNT NBR 15536-1, Systems for water conveyance, trunk collectors, sanitary sewage outfalls
Rainwater - Reinforced plastic pipes and connections made of fiberglass (PRFV) - Part 1: Pipes
and meetings for water supply

ABNT NBR 15536-2, Systems for water conveyance, trunk collectors, sanitary sewage outfalls
Rainwater - Reinforced plastic fiberglass pipes and fittings (PRFV) - Part 2: Pipes
and junctions for trunk collectors, sanitary sewage emitters, and rainwater

ABNT NBR 15536-3, Systems for Water Conveyance, Trunk Collectors, Sanitary Sewage Outfalls
Rainwater - Reinforced plastic pipes and fittings made of fiberglass (PRFV) - Part 3: Fittings

ABNT NBR 15536-4, Systems for water conveyance, trunk collectors, sanitary sewage outfalls
Plastic rainwater - Glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes and fittings (GRP) - Part 4: Rings
of rubber

ABNT NBR 15561, Polyethylene piping PE 80 and PE 100 for water and sewage transport under
pressure - Requirements

ABNT NBR 15750, PVC-O (oriented unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) pipes for
water or sewage transport systems under pressure – Requirements and testing methods
ABNT NBR 15802, Buried systems for water distribution and supply and sewage transport
under pressure – Requirements for projects in polyethylene piping PE 80 and PE 100 of diameter
nominal external between 63 mm and 1600 mm

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ABNT NBR 15952, Systems for water distribution and conduction networks and sewage transportation under
pressure - Verification of hydrostatic tightness in polyethylene pipes

ABNT NBR 16085, Precast reinforced concrete manholes and inspection chambers for systems
buried – Requirements and testing methods

ABNT NBR 16682, Design of pumping line for sewage system – Requirements

ABNT NBR ISO 21138-1, Plastic piping systems for underground drainage and sewage
non-pressurized – Pipe systems with structured walls of polyvinyl chloride
Plasticized (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) – Part 1: Material specifications

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
rubber sealing ring
flexible rubber circular accessory, integrated into the tube or applicable at the time of installation
in the service location of the tube

3.2
crib
layer of soil situated between the bottom of the trench and the lower generating line of the piping

3.3
coil
cylinder on which polyethylene or any flexible material pipes are coiled

3.4
giveaway
regulated local for waste disposal from construction sites, according to current legislation

3.5
pipe
additional excavation on the side or depth of the trench, in the region of the pipe coupling
in a way that allows for the handling of the equipment, as well as the piping, and the execution of the joint
safely

3.6
inspection box
CI
visitable device, when at shallow depth, that allows inspection and introduction
of cleaning equipment

3.7
pressure class
maximum service pressure
maximum service pressure and in continuous operation to which the piping is subject, including variations
dynamics (ram effect)

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3.8
resistance class
designation given to the tubes according to the requirements of crack and rupture loads

3.9
public collector
pipeline belonging to the public sanitary sewage system, intended to receive and conduct
the liquid effluents from building collectors

3.10
trunk collector
pipeline of the collection network that receives only sewage contributions from other collectors

3.11
lady
section of the trench that is not excavated to preserve interference, stabilize adjacent objects
(trees, poles etc.) and reduce the speed of rainwater

3.12
unwinder
equipment intended to unroll polyethylene pipes or any flexible material,
provided in coil

3.13
external diameter
DE
largest dimension measured in the cross-section of a piping

[SOURCE: ABNT NBR 12208:2020, 3.31, modified]

3.14
internal diameter
DI
dimension corresponding to the outer diameter, less twice the wall thickness

[SOURCE: ABNT NBR 12208:2020, 3.32]

3.15
nominal diameter
DN
simple number that serves to classify the elements of pipes, joints, connections in dimension
and accessories

NOTE The nominal diameter (DN) is not subject to measurement or use for calculation purposes.

[SOURCE: ABNT NBR 12208:2020, 3.33]

3.16
liquid effluent
liquid waste resulting from the various ways of using water in any building
residential, commercial or industrial

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3.17
emissary
pipe that receives sewage exclusively at the upstream end

3.18
executing company
company established by an individual or group of qualified people for settlement services
the pipelines

3.19
sanitation service provider company
organization responsible for providing public services of water distribution, sewage
sanitation and urban drainage, of public, mixed, or private origin

3.20
pipe wrapping
material for pipe confinement, responsible for soil-tube interaction

3.21
lateral wrapping
section of the backfill located on each side of the pipeline, limited at the bottom by the cradle and at the top by
by the tangent plane to the upper generator of the pipeline

3.22
excavation
removal of soil, from the natural surface of the ground to the level specified in the project

3.23
shoring
structure designed to stabilize the slopes of excavations

3.24
emptying of the ditch
operation aimed at removing water from the ditch, in order to allow development
the works within it

3.25
domain strip
physical base, consisting of construction sites, signage or areas, intended for public works or services
or of public utility, with limits determined according to the executive project

3.26
easement strip
strip of land that follows the route of a duct or transmission line, which has the purpose of
Purpose to serve as passage, drainage, execution, and conservation of public works and services
or for public utility, being able to be used by the owner, with the restrictions resulting from it
of servitude

3.27
card
part of the vertical shoring to be driven into the ground, below the final grade of the excavation, with
sufficient depth to prevent tipping or closure

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3.28
supervision
a group consisting of technical elements of higher and medium levels, and/or from consulting companies
the assessment, designated by the service provider company of sanitation to exercise
the activities of management, supervision, and monitoring of the execution of the works

3.29
bottom of the ditch
lower part of the trench on which the pipeline is directly supported or on a suitable cradle

3.30
grade
longitudinal profile of the terrain surface, at the location where the network will be installed, generating the levels of
various points of your axis

3.31
elastic joint
coupling consisting of the union of the end of a tube or fitting with the bag of a tube
or connection, through a sealing ring, housed in an appropriate groove, located in the bag, mounted
sliding

3.32
integrated elastic joint
elastomeric gasket equipped with a toroidal sealing ring, with a non-circular section, integrated into the groove
of the tube bag remaining fixed during transport, handling, and assembly

3.33
pavement
space understood between two curbs

3.34
building water connection
water supply branch
set of elements of the building's water branch and measuring unit or bracket that interconnects
the water supply to the client's building installation

3.35
building sewage connection
sewage branch line
set of elements of the building sewage branch, comprising the sewage connection box
located on the building alignment and the sewage collection network

3.36
entry well
access well
chamber executed to allow the start of drilling and the removal of material

3.37
inspection well
PI
non-visitable device that allows inspection and introduction of unclogging equipment
the cleaning

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3.38
outlet well
arrival well
executed chamber or excavation, where the drilling equipment is directed

3.39
inspection pit
PV
chamber accessible through an existing opening at its top, intended for the meeting of two
or more segments of collector and to the execution of maintenance and inspection works

3.40
depth of the ditch
difference in level between the bottom of the trench and the surface of the ground

3.41
internal phone extension
collection system understood by the pipes and internal devices, including inspection box
of connection, which receives the effluents from the discharge branches directly or from a disconnector,
throwing them into the building's sewage branch through the connecting pipe

3.42
drainage ditch
soil recomposition from the bottom of the ditch to the surface of the ground

3.43
greater final
section of the embankment between the upper backfill and the ground level

3.44
superior grain
section of backfill located above the tangent plane to the upper axis of the piping and another plane
parallel to this, with a thickness of 0.30 m

3.45
lowering of the water table
operation aimed at eliminating or reducing the flow of groundwater into the interior
from valve, with application of appropriate system

3.46
coating of the piping
difference in level between the ground surface and the upper external edge of the piping

3.47
water network
network formed by pipes and connections, intended to serve the consumption points of a city
or from a sector within the required sanitary conditions of flow and pressure

3.48
sewage network
network formed by pipes, connections, and singularities, which transports all the collected sewage
in homes, buildings, industries or businesses, for subsequent referral for treatment

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3.49
level reference
RN
positioning reference transferred to the construction site from an official geodetic benchmark

3.50
drawer registration
block valve installed in piping of hydraulic installations, intended for interruption
eventual passage of water, which is made up of a wedge or drawer, activated by a rod
moves, fully opening or closing the water passage

3.51
singularity
any accessory necessary to enable direction change and variations in section,
of slope and flow, when significant

3.52
cleaning terminal
TL
device that allows the introduction of cleaning equipment, located at the headboard
or at the dry end of any collector

3.53
excerpt
segment of the collector, trunk collector, interceptor or outfall, understood between singularities
successive

3.54
falling tube
device installed in the PV, connecting a collecting network leading to the bottom of the well

3.55
polymer tubes reinforced with fiberglass
FRP pipes
reinforced polyester tubes with fiberglass

3.56
flexible tube
tube that, when subjected to diametrical compression, can undergo deformations exceeding 3%
in diameter, measurements in the direction of the load application, without presenting harmful fissures

NOTE Steel pipes, PVC pipes, polyethylene pipes, and others that meet the specified conditions.

3.57
rigid tube
tube that, when subjected to diametrical compression, can undergo deformations of up to 0.1%
in diameter, measurements in the direction of the load application, without presenting harmful cracks

NOTE Simple and reinforced concrete pipes, ceramic pipes, and others that meet the conditions.
specified.

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3.58
semi-rigid tube
tube that, when subjected to diametrical compression, can undergo deformations in diameter, measured
in terms of the application of the load, greater than 0.1% and less than 3%, without showing cracks
prejudicial

NOTE Cast iron pipes, FRP pipes and others that meet the specified conditions.

3.59
vala
an opening made in the soil, by mechanical or manual processes, with a specific cross-section,
intended to receive piping

3.60
public way
street
space between two alignments, which includes the roadway and the lateral sidewalks

4 General requirements

4.1 Project
4.1.1 The execution of the works for the water supply systems and sanitation systems
Urban drainage systems must strictly adhere to the plans, drawings, and project details.
to the specific recommendations of the manufacturers of the materials to be used and to the others
elements that the inspection provides.

4.1.2 The projects must be developed in accordance with Brazilian Standards and should include:

a) calculations and drawings, for example, plans and profiles;

b) descriptive memorial;

c) positioning of the piping, the surveys (profile and level of the water table), the interferences,
the connections, the valves, the hydrants, and the other components, highlighting
the positioning of singularities through georeferenced coordinates;

d) diameter, type of joint and pipe material, including technical specification of the material, by
example, application in water or sewage, resistance class and pressure class.

e) specification of the foundation base (bottom of the trench) and enclosure, when necessary;

depths, minimum coverings and details of the backfill, specifying the necessity or not
of soil replacement and degree of compaction;

the width of the trench, specified in the project and that depends on factors such as:

characteristics of the soil;

excavation process;

-diameter of the piping;

depth;

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— groundwater level;

type of shoring;

space needed for the execution of the joints;

NOTE When demonstrated in the project that there is a technical and economic advantage, so that the joints can
if executed on the surface of the ground, the width of the trench can be reduced by performing widenings
(pipes) only at the points of connection of the tubes inside the trench.

mandatory crossing points and areas subject to occasional flooding;

i) slopes, in the case of non-pressurized pipes;

calculations and details of the anchor blocks, such as inspection wells (PV), inspection pits (PI),
cleaning terminals (TL) and boxes (CX), when necessary;

type of groundwater table lowering and type of shoring, when necessary;

section and type of pavement, when necessary;

specific project of aerial or underground crossings, siphons, underwater works, and others
special works, containing all the information and details necessary for execution;

Listing and specification of the types of crossings, such as waterways, roads, railways, etc.
describing the companies or entities to be consulted for any authorizations;

indication of application points of hypochlorite for the washing and disinfection process of the
water pipelines, as well as points for filling and discharge;

Delimitation of the sections to be subjected to hydrostatic tests in water pipelines,

indicating the pressurization, purge, and drainage points;

Environmental studies necessary for licensing and Technical Responsibility Annotation

(ART) legally qualified professional.

Any changes to the project must be carried out or approved by the designer.
in cases of:

a) discrepancies in the project, between the marked quotas and their dimensions measured to scale,
should prevail over the first;

b) discrepancies between drawings of different scales, with those of larger scale prevailing;

c) divergences between elements not included in a) and b), with the criterion prevailing
and the interpretation of the inspection, for each case.

4.1.4 All specific aspects of the project, the omitted ones, and also the supplementary works,
not considered in the project, must be specified and detailed by the service provider
of sanitation service.

Any service not included in the project cannot be executed without authorization.
of inspection, except in cases of emergency, if necessary for stability and security
of the work and the people involved.

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The studies for the design of the water supply system must be developed.
according to ABNT NBR 12211.

4.1.7 The studies for the design of the sewage system must be elaborated
according to ABNT NBR 9648.

The design of the sewage system must be developed in accordance with

as ABNT NBR 9649, ABNT NBR 12207, ABNT NBR 14486, ABNT NBR 15802 and ABNT NBR 16682.

The water supply system project must be developed in accordance with

such as ABNT NBR 12215, ABNT NBR 12218, and ABNT NBR 15802.

4.1.10 The acquisition of materials must be based on project specifications, which must
are to be elaborated in accordance with the requirements of ABNT NBR 5645, ABNT NBR 5647 (all parts),
ABNT NBR 5667 (all parts), ABNT NBR 7362 (all parts), ABNT NBR 7665,
ABNT NBR 7675, ABNT NBR 7676, ABNT NBR 8890, ABNT NBR 10160, ABNT NBR 14208,
ABNT NBR 15420, ABNT NBR 15536 (todas as partes), ABNT NBR 15561, ABNT NBR 15750,
ABNT NBR 16085 (all parts) and ABNT NBR ISO 21138 (all parts). The verification
the fulfillment of the technical requirements established in these Standards must be carried out beforehand
of transporting the tubes to the application site.

4.2 Execution

4.2.1 Construction site

The construction site aims to provide support for the services to be carried out, by
executing company of the work and by the sanitation service provider. For this reason,
The construction site must have the capacity to adequately accommodate the team responsible for the service.
of the services, store the material to be used and contain offices for the construction team, to be
to be mounted in a way that ensures good hygiene and safety conditions, in accordance with
The ABNT NBR 12284.

4.2.1.2 The company executing the work, before starting the construction of the site, must provide
the general plan for approval by the sanitation service provider company, indicating
the location, dimensions, and access to the construction site, to the yards, to the parking lots, to the buildings,
to the water and sewage networks, as well as the supply of electricity and telephone, among others
services.

4.2.1.3 After the approval of the construction site, the contractor must:

a) install the construction site facilities according to the municipal building code and the requirements
the guidelines of occupational medicine and safety;

b) be responsible for the supply of water, sewage collection, electricity, and telephone,
just as it must ensure the safety, storage, and preservation of all material,
equipment, tools, utensils, and facilities of the site;

c) maintenance of the written work of all the plants, profiles, project specifications and other documents
necessary for the execution of the work, for consultation by you or your representative, for the supervision of the work
and of competent authorities;

d) keep trained personnel on the construction site and a first aid kit supplied with
medications for minor occurrences;

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e) provide immediate assistance to the victims in case of an accident at the construction site, halting
immediately at the site of the accident, to not alter the circumstances related
and immediately notify the sanitation service provider of the occurrence;

f) mark all storage areas for materials and equipment installation

the parking of machines and vehicles, in order to avoid the risk of workplace accidents;

Properly furnish the areas designated for employees, keeping them clean.
and meeting the requirements and guidelines of occupational health and safety, regarding
accommodation conditions;

keep access to extinguishers, hoses, and other equipment located on the construction site free
intended for firefighting, and the burning of any material at the construction site is prohibited;

i) arrange for the creation, by a specialized professional, of a project identification plaque,

made of weather-resistant material. The content of the plate must meet the requirements
to the local legislation in force and, when applicable, to the specific requirements of the service provider company
of sanitation services;

After the completion of the services, remove from the site all materials, equipment, and any
debris from the construction, leaving the area completely clean.

4.2.2 Preliminary services

4.2.2.1 General requirements

The execution of the works must be monitored by a team of supervision designated by the company.
sanitation service provider.

The executing company of the work must keep a legally trained professional in charge of the tasks.
enabled, which is your representative in the execution of the contract signed with the service provider company
of sanitation.

The scheduling of work fronts must be determined by mutual agreement with the organization.
responsible for the authorization of trench openings and traffic relocation.

The materials provided for use in the work must meet the requirements established in the
Applicable Brazilian standards, as indicated in 4.1.10.

The rental, leveling, and interference survey services must be carried out beforehand.
from the beginning of the works or their sections, and must be included in the project.

The inspection must provide the indications it has regarding the existing interferences, being able to,
meanwhile, other unregistered ones occur.

If the interference survey is not carried out during the project phase and the information provided
if the inspections are insufficient, the company executing the work must conduct the research
of the interferences existing at the site where the work will be carried out, aiming not to damage
the unregistered interferences, such as tubes, boxes, cables, poles, and other elements or structures
that are in the area reached by the excavation or in a nearby area. Any damages caused
The existing facilities are the responsibility of the company executing the work.

NOTE Interference research can be conducted through the prospecting method or by detection.
electromagnetic.

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Blocking, obstruction, or elimination of existing interferences is not permitted, except

when the executing company of the work presents a proposal/project that undergoes analysis and approval
and the issuance of a circumstantial term by the entity responsible for the structure or interference that
it is intended to alter.

The company executing the work must provide for the relocation of installations that interfere with the
services to be executed. The reallocations must be scheduled by the executing company
from the work with the proper advance notice and in common agreement with the inspection, the owners and/or
the service concessionaires, whose facilities need to be relocated.

The demarcation and monitoring of the services to be carried out must be performed by
topography team.

The overall construction schedule must be prepared in accordance with the project data.
considering the needs of the sanitation service provider company.

The executing company of the work must present a detailed schedule, structured by sets.
operational, products and deliveries related to the execution of the work, according to the established guidelines
by the sanitation service provider company.

4.2.2.2 Safety, hygiene, and occupational medicine

In the execution of the work, there must be full protection against the risk of accidents with personnel.
from the executing company of the work and with third parties. For this, the executing company of the work must
faithfully comply with the provisions of current legislation concerning safety, hygiene, and medicine
of work, as well as must comply with all specific and appropriate safety regulations
of each service.

The executing company of the work is responsible for the mandatory and correct use of the equipment.
of personal protective equipment (PPE) and collective protective equipment (CPE) by the employees
and third parties, in accordance with safety, hygiene, and occupational medicine standards.

All hygiene conditions must be observed and met by the executing company of the work.
necessary safety and health for the preservation of the physical integrity of its employees and third parties,
to the assets of the sanitation service provider and others, to the materials
and equipment of the work and/or services, in accordance with the current Regulatory Standards
the specific norms contained in your procedures and guidelines on security management
and occupational health.

If the use of explosives is necessary for the work, the company carrying out the work must comply
to the specific safety and control standards for the storage of explosives and flammable materials,
established by the competent authorities. The use of explosives must be carried out by a professional.
enabled and previously authorized by the competent authorities, the responsibility lies with the executing company
to take measures to eliminate the possibility of physical and material damage.

4.2.2.3 Environmental licenses

The work can only begin after obtaining the necessary environmental licenses accordingly.
with the current legislation, including licenses in case of the need for deforestation and clearing,
for the execution of networks (outfalls, interceptors, etc.) located in valley bottoms.

The company executing the work must comply, during the entire execution of the works carried out on sites
archaeological, the current legislation regarding the protection of national historical and artistic heritage.

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If the executing company of the work discovers any elements of archaeological interest
Prehistoric, artistic or numismatic, it must immediately report to the Institute of Heritage
National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN) or the official bodies authorized regarding this finding.

The contractor in charge of the work is responsible for the temporary preservation of the uncovered elements.
until the statement and deliberation of IPHAN.

4.2.2.4 Preliminary Inspection

Whenever it is necessary to safeguard the interests of the properties adjacent to the work to be executed.
or to the public thoroughfare, whether due to the type of foundations to be executed, excavations, fill,
shoring and stabilization systems, groundwater lowering and temporary services
A survey by a qualified specialized professional must be carried out for definitive actions to be taken.
from which the following elements must result:

a) plant of the location of all buildings and adjacent streets and all streets
not non-conformant, but susceptible to suffering some damage due to the execution of the work;

b) descriptive report with all necessary details for each case, regarding the stability conditions
of those buildings and public places, as well as the record of all defects or damages that may exist
existing in them.

All documents related to the inspection must be signed by the property owners,
responsible for the execution of the inspection, by the executing company of the work and by the service provider company
from sanitation services, a copy must be available to them. It should be emphasized that
the documents related to inspections must be prepared in a detailed manner and with photos, because,
In case of litigation, these documents must be suitable for presentation in the judicial sphere.

4.2.2.5 Traffic - signage, barriers, and walkways

The company executing the work must follow the provisions of the current legislation [10], taking all
the necessary measures to prevent possible accidents that may occur due to lack of
or deficiency in signaling and/or protection of the works, assuming full responsibility for these
Occurrences. Safety crosswalks must be provided for the free passage of pedestrians.
especially near schools, hospitals, and other concentration points, they should be maintained
in perfect condition during the day and the night.

The company executing the work must maintain permanently, for 24 hours, at all fronts
of service, a surveillance system carried out by duly identified and qualified personnel.

4.2.2.5.1 Signaling

The signage must comply with the regulations set by local authorities and municipal rules, such as the city hall.
subprefectures, regional administration, legislative power, and service concessionaires. The project
signage should be included in the interdiction request, when applicable. Regardless
As required, the executing company of the work must use at least preventive signaling.
with indicative and directional signs, traffic cones, A-frames, blocking devices,
reflective signaling and safety lighting throughout the construction site.

The contracting company must follow the specifications of the current legislation and regulations.
from the sanitation service provider company.

The location where the work will be carried out must be fenced, marked, and protected by barriers and boards.
of the excavated material containment, so that accidents are avoided. The site must be maintained
always free for surface drainage of rainwater and for the passage of pedestrians and vehicles.

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Employees who are in public areas must use PPE and safety gear for safety measures.
such as vests or reflective strips, according to current legislation [9].

4.2.2.5.2 Fences

The barriers must be used to enclose the perimeter of all urban works, in such a way
to prevent access by unauthorized persons, in accordance with current legislation [10], with the exception
of small works and of short duration, in which portable fences are used.

The fences must be made of panels supported in a vertical position by elements

made of wood or metal, for example, plywood sheets, wooden planks or sheets
made of metal, with an internal base that ensures the stability of the set. These barriers must be
arranged continuously, to completely prevent the passage of soil or debris.

Both the sealing plates and the supporting elements must be externally painted.
in white color and must receive constant maintenance.
NOTE 1 The color can be modified in cases of requirements by the competent authority.

The signs must be close to the ground, reaching a minimum height of 1.10 m, placed in sequence.
and in sufficient quantity to completely close the location, according to current legislation [10].
Each intersection between the barriers must have a maximum height of 1.10 m to allow visibility to
vehicles.

NOTE 2 At the discretion of the inspection, high-strength polyethylene mesh fences may be used,
with wooden framing and a minimum height of 1.10 m, with the distance between the ground and the frame being smaller
or equal to 0.10 m. The executing company is responsible for providing ongoing maintenance.
from the screen.

NOTE 3 When necessary, at the discretion of the inspection, a barricade with lighting may be used
of security.

4.2.2.5.3 Gangway

The walkways should be used in temporary passages, for example, at intersections.

on streets, in front of parking lots, garages, and other places where it is necessary to ensure
The access for vehicles and pedestrians must be sized according to their total length.
and the loads to which they will be subjected

The metal walkways for vehicles must be made of steel plates class 1 020, with
thickness of 18.75 mm (¾") to 21.88 mm (7/8"), with mandatory fixation to the ground.

The walkways for pedestrians must be executed with hardwood planks.

section 250 mm× 50 mm, equipped with guardrails also in hardwood.

The walkways cannot have an inclination of more than 30º, according to current legislation.
And when the inclination is greater than 18º, transverse pieces must be fixed, spaced apart.
up to 0.40 m, for foot support. There can be no bumps between the walkway and the ground.

4.2.3 Transport, handling, and storage of materials

All material, such as tubes, connections, and parts, must be handled, moved, loaded,
transported and unloaded according to the manufacturer's instructions, so that it is not damaged.

The executing company of the work must have full knowledge of the instructions specified for
the transportation and storage of each type of material, as each material has its own characteristics

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specific for its conservation. All instructions must be provided by the manufacturers.
and to be followed by the executing company.AnnexApresents requirements for storage, transportation
the handling of materials.

The pipes, fittings, and connections must be stored with the approval of the inspection.
in deposits within the construction site or arranged along the path of the trenches, under total
responsibility of the executing company of the work. The storage location must be flat, dry, clean,
free of stones and sharp or cutting objects.

It is the responsibility of the company executing the work to maintain personnel at the storage sites.
qualified and appropriate equipment for the receiving and loading of materials, being it
responsible for any damage, loss or disappearance of these materials.

The vehicles used for the transport of materials, pipes, fittings, valves, etc. must have dimensions
compatible with the length of the materials to be transported, and their transport platform
it must be free of sharp and/or cutting objects.

It is the responsibility of the company executing the work for any damage caused during handling, removal,
loading, transportation, and unloading of materials, as well as the replenishment of material if necessary
identified, regardless of the location where it is found, for example, the company's warehouse
sanitation service provider, supplier etc.

Handling, loading, transportation, and unloading must be done carefully to ensure

the safety of employees and to prevent shocks, dragging, and rolling of materials.
It is recommended that mechanical means be used whenever necessary to prevent damage.

The unloading must be done with the help of cranes, winches, or a Munck truck, to
that damage in areas of concentrated efforts is avoided. In cases of manual discharge, the tubes
they cannot be thrown, but must be removed by means of ramps made with beams
made of wood, so they can slide or roll smoothly with the help and guidance of the collaborators
involved in this process.

The vertical and/or horizontal movement of the pipes must be carried out in a way that does not damage.
as pontas, bolsas e revestimentos. Deve-se utilizar cintas de lona ou de náilon, posicionadas de forma
that do not cause additional stresses to the pipes.

Special care should be taken, such as:

a) use clamps or external cables on equipment for lifting cast iron pipes,
for protection of the internal coating, not allowing any support point on the inside
coated

b) use protection for plastic pipes (PVC, polyethylene, etc.) from direct and continuous action of
solar rays and contact with aggressive chemical agents, such as, for example, solvents;

reject polyethylene pipes that during handling, loading, transportation and unloading have
Suffered damage exceeding 10% of the nominal wall thickness or ovalization beyond the limits
established in ABNT NBR 15561;

to protect the ends of the SDR 32, 25 polyethylene pipes and external diameter
≥ 1,000 mm, through devices that prevent its ovalization and surface damage
internal until the moment of its installation;

e) to pay attention to the most vulnerable points of the parts and accessories, for example, arms
of registration etc., that can easily suffer damage due to shocks;

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f) store the rubber rings preferably inside their own packaging and in places that
ensure its preservation and maintain its good condition for use;

NOTE It is recommended that these places be kept clean, dry, sheltered from light and with
controlled temperature at ±20 °C.

Store cleaning and lubricating solutions in a place protected from fire or excessive heat;

seal the pipes to prevent the entry of any foreign material, such as soil, foliage,
wood etc. These tubes cannot be used as storage locations for tools
or any other materials.

4.2.4 Rental and leveling

The location and the topographic leveling must be carried out before the start of the work or sections.
from the work, and consist of marking on the ground the points determined in the project of a network, to
that it can be executed exactly at the planned location.

Therefore, the location and leveling of the pipes and parts to be installed must be done
de acordo com o projeto, devendo a empresa executora da obra locar o eixo das valas a serem
dug and indicate, in the water networks, the location point of connections, records, and others
singularities and, in the sewage networks, the PV, PI, boxes etc., as well as, the width and the depth
excavation quota.

The levels of the drainage fund must be checked every 20 m, before the installation of the piping.

The elevations of the upper generatrix of the piping must be verified immediately after installation and also
before the backfill of the trenches, for leveling correction, if necessary.

At the location, based on coordinates of specific points in a project, directions are calculated.
and distances in relation to reference points. With these values, from the reference points
materialized in the field, it is possible to locate or indicate the position of points of interest.

The demarcation and monitoring of the services to be performed must be carried out.
by surveying team, with calibrated equipment and must be in compliance with
the ABNT NBR 13133, requiring the survey of all existing interferences.
The company executing the work, having the project in hand, must visit the construction site and recognize
the location of the rental installation, providing at least the following:

a) the implementation of the secondary level reference (RN), based on official RN and points
of security (PS) in a quantity compatible with the work at notable points, not subject to
the interferences in the work;

NOTE It is recommended that, for urban works, the PS be located on the sidewalk, preferably.
at a distance of up to 0.30 m from the building alignment, sequentially numbered and materialized in the field.

b) or staking for marking the pipeline axis must be carried out by means of driving
from stakes every 20 m;

c) the restoration to the original rental, reconstituting the stakes of the ditch axis and the center
from manholes, inspection wells, boxes etc., for sewage network, and installation points
of connections, valves, air release valves, taps, etc., for water networks;

d) the demarcation on the ground for the underground pipelines, ducts, boxes, etc. that interfere
in the execution of the work. If there are public services located within the delimitation areas

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the valleys, it is the responsibility of the executing company of the work not to interrupt them
services, until the reallocations are authorized;

the provision by the executing company of the work for the implementation of the reallocations
of installations that interfere with the services to be executed. The relocations must
to be scheduled in advance and by mutual agreement with the inspection, the owners
and/or the concessionaires of the services whose installations need to be relocated. The damages
that may be caused to the existing facilities during the relocation are
the responsibility of the construction company;

the record of the data obtained by the surveying team during the execution of the works, having
in view of the preparation of an addendum to the original project for the purpose of how it was built
(AS BUILT)

4.2.4.1 Complementary lease

When the network positioning is not well defined in the project or is unfeasible,
Due to changes in field conditions, the provisions in 4.2.4.2 must be observed.
e 4.2.4.3.

4.2.4.2 Rental on the carriageway

The valves must be located on the carriageway when:

a) if the sidewalks do not have the necessary minimum width or if there are difficult-to-remove obstructions;

b) a value on the sidewalk poses a risk to the buildings; or

c) if the relevant legislation prevents its execution on the sidewalk;

In the case of location on the roadway, the following conditions must be met:

minimum distance between the water and sewage network of 1.00 m and water piping of at least
0.20 m above the sewage pipe, including in the case of branches;

In simple networks, the pipelines should be located in one of the lateral thirds, with the network
sewage in the side third of the carriageway bed more favorable to connections;

In dual networks, the pipelines should be located one in each lateral third of the roadway.

4.2.4.3 Rental on the sidewalk

The valves must be located on the sidewalk bed when:

a) the project foresees a double network;

b) if there is available space on the tours;

a highway for intense and heavy traffic; or

d) the official regulations prevent its execution on the roadway.

In the case of location on the sidewalk, the following conditions must be met:

The axis of the water pipes must be located at a minimum distance of 0.50 m.
of the alignment of the batches;

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The axis of the sewage pipes must be located at a minimum distance of 0.80 m.
of the lots alignment;

the minimum distance between the axes of the water and sewage network, when arranged in the same plane,
It must be 0.60 m. In case of overlap, the water network must be at the upper plane.
and its bottom generator must be at least 0.20 m away from the top generator of the sewage network,
including in the case of extensions.

In the case of a simple water or sewage network on the sidewalk, it should be located on the sidewalk more
favorable.

In either of the two previous situations, whether on the roadway or sidewalk, the aspect
the technical and economic advantages must always be evaluated.

4.2.5 Removal of the paving

Before removal, the type and the original condition of the pavement must be recorded.
in order to allow for its recomposition.

The removal of the pavement must be carried out according to the standards, regulations, and instructions.
adopted by the competent public authority and, in the absence of these, the specifications set forth must be met
service provider company for sanitation. If any of the mentioned criteria are not met,
the pavement must be removed in the width of the trench plus at least:

0.15 m on each side, in the street bed;

0.10 m for each side on the sidewalk.

In the case of asphalt pavement, the cut should be made preferably with cutting discs.
and pneumatic hammers. After the cut, the material must be removed and transported immediately.
for the disposal.

In the case of cobblestones, blocks, or any other type of articulated pavement with
Reutilization, the removal should be done preferably with levers or picks. After
the removal of the pavement, the removed elements should be stored at a safe distance from the trench,
without causing damage to the materials, for later reinstallation.

In the case of walks, removal must be done mechanically or manually, adopting procedures.
compatible with the type of coating.

All removed and non-reusable materials must be transported immediately to

the dump.

Todos os bota-foras devem ser licenciados, sejam eles para materiais inertes, por exemplo, entulho,
or for non-inert materials, for example, asphalt waste, contaminated soil, etc.

4.2.6 Excavation of trenches, pits, and holes

4.2.6.1 Generalities

The excavation of trenches, wells, and pits involves the removal of different types of soils or rocks.
from the natural surface of the land to the level specified in the project. Excavation can be manual,
mechanical or using explosives, according to the existing specificities.

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Consider excavation in soil as that executed in land made up of earth in general, gravel.
clay, sand, rocks in an advanced state of decomposition (loosely compacted), pebbles
or not (with a maximum size of 0.15 m), boulders (volume less than or equal to 0.50 m³) and, in general,
all possible material for manual or mechanical execution, whatever the moisture content.

Consider rock excavation as that carried out using explosives in terrain with
highly cohesive material, consisting of all types of sound rock, such as granite,
basalt, gneiss, boulder of volume greater than or equal to 0.5 m³ etc.

The project must fix the type section (rectangular, trapezoidal, or mixed) and the maximum and minimum values.
for the width and depth of the trench, considering the existence or not of bracing.

It is recommended to use a rectangular section for simple trenches up to 1.25 m deep.

or for the deeper trenches, as long as they are suitably supported, according to the legislation
in force [10]. Excavations deeper than 1.25 m must be supported and have
of stairs or ramps, placed near the workplaces.

The excavation of trenches with trapezoidal or mixed sections does not require the use of bracing and should
to be indicated when there is stable soil, available space or technical advantage
and/or economic. The project must indicate the slopes and the appropriate cross-section.

Any burden arising from accidents and damages caused by recklessness or negligence, during
the excavation should be the responsibility of the company executing the work. Therefore, it is recommended
that the excavation and backfilling services be carried out on the same day, avoiding risk
of accidents due to open ditches.

The excavation must be carried out as indicated in the project, with the opening work
the valve should only be started when:

a) the lease is completed;

b) as long as the positions of other interfering underground works are confirmed; and

c) all materials for the execution of the network are available on the construction site.

The opening of trenches and crossings on public roads or thoroughfares may only be initiated after
communication and approval of the municipal body.

Excavations under railways, highways or in the right-of-way of service concessionaires

public processes can only be initiated after meeting the requirements set by these agencies.

If the excavation puts the stormwater drains, water pipelines, gas pipelines, and others at risk,
appropriate supports must be executed in these sections for the support of the galleries.

4.2.6.2 Excavation in rock

If the excavation of the water, sewage, or drainage network encounters rock, the excavation
can be executed cold or hot.

4.2.6.2.1 Cold excavation

Cold excavation should be used when dealing with fractured or soft rock; when
the excavation by fire puts at risk the buildings and services existing nearby or when
the use of explosives for constructive or security reasons is undesirable or inconvenient.

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4.2.6.2.2 Fire excavation

Fire excavation should be used when dealing with sound, solid rock that does not present
risks to neighboring constructions.

In this type of excavation:

a) the storage, handling, transportation, and use of explosives must comply with regulations
prescribed by the competent authority. The authorization for the use of explosives, issued by the authority
competent, must be forwarded to the sanitation service provider company beforehand
from the beginning of the detonations;

b) during the work, the shoring must be permanently inspected by the company
the executor of the work is to be repaired as soon as any damage occurs;

c) it is the responsibility of the executing company of the work to prepare and adopt a 'Plan'
of Fire,” by a qualified professional, who is responsible for storage, preparation
the loads, loading of mines, firing order, detonation and withdrawal of explosives not
detonated, as well as measures regarding the proper disposal of explosive leftovers;

Areas where explosives are used must be isolated and marked with visual signals.
and sound

e) all safety precautions must be taken in accordance with the legislation

current [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13];

the authorization by the sanitation service provider company for the implementation of a plan
the fire does not exempt the executing company from any of its responsibilities, it must
bear civil responsibility for damages caused to third parties as a result of the service
of fire dismantling.

Excavations in rock and loose stones should be carried out at depth below the lower level.
from the pipeline, so that it is possible to carry out a granular material cradle with height
of at least 0.15 m.

If it is not possible to pass through the rock using the methods mentioned in 4.2.6.1, the company
The contractor must study a deviation from the pathway that must be approved by the company.
sanitation service provider.

The trenches must be excavated along the axis line, respecting the alignment of the project.
being, in the case of sewage works, opened in the direction of downstream to upstream, from the points
of launches.

The excavation can be done manually or with the help of appropriate equipment. If it is
made with equipment, it must approach the expected grade for the lower pipe generator,
The leveling of the bottom of the ditch must be done manually.

The project should suggest or indicate methods and equipment to be used, which are alternatives.
para superar as interferências e os locais mais adequados para deposição do material escavado.
The equipment to be used must be suitable for the types of excavation.
the mechanical excavation of trenches, wells, and pits with a depth of up to 4.00 m is recommended to use
backhoe loaders or similar, and for depths greater than 4.00 m, it is recommended to use
hydraulic excavator

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Any excess excavation or depression at the bottom of the trench, resulting from excavation in rock
or the removal of stone and sharp materials, it must be filled with fine granular material
compressed.

The company executing the work must be responsible for any excess excavation.
considering as a reference the specified in Annex B and in Tables B1 and B2.

The width and depth of trenches, ditches, and pits must be specified in the project, and comply
as prescribed in ABNT NBR 9061 and in Annex B, Tables B1 and B2 of this document, which specifies
the width of the trenches based on the DN of the piping, cutting elevation, and type of shoring.

The width of the trench can be reduced when the installation is done by sections of pipe, joined together.
or patched on the surface of the land, observing the technical and economic advantages. In this case
the widening (pipes) should only be done at the junction points within the trench.

Alongside the trenches, the company executing the work must keep the grates, manhole covers, and storm drains clear.
the networks of public services, in order to avoid damage and blockages.

The excavated material suitable for use in the landfill should be deposited alongside
from ditches, wells, or pits at a distance equivalent to half the digging depth,
according to the current legislation [9], adhering to a minimum value of 1.00 m from the edge. It is recommended,
in this case, throw the reusable material to one side of the trench and the non-reusable materials,
like asphalt, stones, and sharp materials, on the other side of the ditch, and subsequently direct them
for the clean-up.

In special cases, the sanitation service provider may determine the exchange.
from the ditch and the total removal of the excavated material.

4.2.7 Bracing

The shoring must be carried out according to the project, which must determine the type of shoring.
most suitable for each section, due to the dimensions of the trench, pit, or excavation, and the characteristics
of the sun and of the location of the work.

The project must be developed by a qualified professional with technical knowledge and must contain
at least the sizing and detailing of the type of shoring, the calculation report
and the enforcement method, in accordance with the applicable Brazilian Standards.

4.2.7.1 General requirements

The need or not for shoring in trenches, pits, and excavations, as well as the determination of
dimensions and positions of the pieces to be used must be based on the calculation of pressures
maximums about these supports and comply with the current legislation [9].

The calculation of maximum pressures on open-air shoring can be done using the application
by any calculation method duly established by good engineering practice, must
the calculation memory accompanies the project.

When none of the common types of shoring meet the requirements of the calculations, the project
must present in detail the shoring to be used.

Regardless of compliance with the provisions contained in current legislation [9], one must
consider what is described in ABNT NBR 9061.

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The dams should only be used on firm ground, spaced 3.00 m to 5.00 m apart.
and be a maximum of 1.00 m in length.

Supporting trenches deeper than 1.25 m is mandatory according to legislation.

valid [9], and in cases where the side walls of the cut are made of soil subject to
of collapse, regardless of the depth of the excavation.

In the execution of the supports, hard and moisture-resistant wood should be used, such as
peroba, maçaranduba, angelim, canafístula, etc., with the logs being eucalyptus, with diameter
not less than 0.20 m.

If, at the location of the work execution, the commercial dimensions of boards, planks, and beams do not
if they match the indicated ones, parts with larger dimensions must be used.

To avoid overload on the shoring, the excavated material should be placed at a distance
equivalent to half the excavation depth, in accordance with current legislation [9], complying
a minimum value of 1.00 m from the edge or as specified in the project.

When the trench is opened in saturated soils, it is recommended that the gaps between boards and planks
the shoring should be caulked in order to prevent soil material from being carried inside
from the valley, avoiding its overlap and/or the lowering of the public road.

It is recommended, when the trench is opened and reaches the water table, to use bracing.
of the male-female type, in order to prevent the soil material from being carried into the ditch,
avoiding its undermining and/or the lowering of the public road.

The shoring sheet, when not foreseen in the project, must be at least 7/10 of the width.
from the valley, with a minimum of 0.50 m.

In the crossing of servitude or domain strips, the shoring must be designed according to
the requirements and guidelines of the competent authority and the concessionaires.

The following precautions should be taken with all types of shoring:

a) on the placement of the struts, so that they remain perpendicular to the shoring plane;

b) in the removal of the support curtain, which must be carried out as the fill advances
and be compressed;

c) when the landfill reaches the lower level of the last layer of beams, these must be
the braces and the bracing pieces must be removed (struts and beams), well
how auxiliary fastening elements, such as wedges, braces, and lockings; of the same
form and subsequently, the other layers of bracing must be removed;

d) the piles and the vertical bracing elements must be removed using
of hydraulic or mechanical devices, with or without vibration, and removed with assistance
from cranes, as soon as the fill reaches a sufficient level;

e) the holes left in the ground by the removal of supports, pins, profiles, and metal stakes
must be filled with sand and compacted by vibration or by water percolation.

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4.2.7.2 Types of shoring

The minimum dimensions of the pieces and the maximum spacings of the supports, when not
detailed in the project and/or provided by the sanitation service provider, must
follow the drawings in Annex C and the specifications for each type of shoring below:

a) type of shoring: support made of boards of 0.027 m× 0.30 m, arranged

vertically, for the containment of the lateral surface of the trench, spaced 1.35 m apart. These boards
are horizontally secured by struts with a diameter of 0.20 m, spaced vertically
at 1 m, with the deepest point located about 0.50 m from the bottom of the trench and the shallowest
0.20 m above ground level or pavement;

b) discontinuous type: bracing made of boards of 0.027 m× 0.30 m, arranged vertically,

for containment of the lateral surface of the trench, spaced 0.30 m apart, fixed by beams
0.06 m x 0.16 m, placed horizontally along their entire length and secured by logs
with a diameter of 0.20 m, spaced horizontally at 1.35 m. The distance between the ends
the girders and struts must be less than or equal to 0.40 m. The girders must be spaced
vertically by 1 m, with the deepest one being located about 0.50 m from the bottom of the ditch
is the shallowest at 0.20 m from the ground level or pavement;

c) continuous type: shoring consisting of boards of 0.027 m× 0.30 m, leaning against each other
to the others, arranged vertically, for containment of the entire lateral surface of the trench, fixed
for beams of 0.06 m× 0.16 m, placed horizontally along its entire length and locked
by posts with a diameter of 0.20 m, spaced horizontally at 1.35 m. The distance between
the ends of the beams and struts must be less than or equal to 0.40 m. The beams
they must be spaced vertically by 1 m, with the deepest one located about
from 0.50 m from the bottom of the trench and the shallower at 0.20 m from the ground level or paving;

special type: bracing made of boards of 0.06 m× 0.16 m, of the male-female type,
leaning against each other, arranged vertically, for containment of the entire surface
lateral of the ditch, fixed by beams of 0.08 m× 0.18 m, placed horizontally throughout
its extension is constrained by struts with a diameter of 0.20 m, spaced horizontally
at 1.35 m. The distance between the ends of the beams and struts must be less than or equal
a 0.40 m. The beams must be spaced vertically at 1 m, with the deepest one
to be located about 0.50 m from the bottom of the ditch and the shallowest at 0.20 m from ground level
or paving. Beams with a section of 0.06 can be used× 0.16 m, however the straws
The locking must be spaced every 0.80 m in this case.

NOTE In our shoring types: post, discontinuous, continuous, and special, the planks and boards can
be driven by appropriate pile drivers or mallets.

The top of the piece to be embedded must be protected to prevent chipping.

e) metal-wood type: shoring where the side surface of the trench must be contained by profiles
steel I beams, hardwood boards, steel profile girders, and logs
of steel or eucalyptus profiles, with a minimum diameter of 0.20 m.

The installation of the metal profile can be done by pile drivers (free fall), vibrating hammer
or pre-drill.

The choice of the riveting process should be determined by the system that causes the least damage.
to the stability of the soil and the neighboring buildings.

The top of the piece to be inserted must always be protected to avoid damage and allow for reuse.

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The bracing must accompany the excavation, and there can be no gaps in soft soil.
boards between profiles with a height greater than 0.50 m.

For the vertical profiles, the project must present, through calculations, the type, the characteristics,
the dimensions, the spacing, the embedding method, and the length of the pin.

For the beams, the project must present, through calculations, the type of material and the dimensions.

For the beams, the project must present, through calculations, the characteristics, the dimensions,
the vertical spacing and the type of support bandaging, if applicable.

For the beams, the project must present, through calculations, the type of material, the characteristics,
the dimensions and the spacing.

4.2.7.3 Specific supports

The types of shoring described in 4.2.7.2 are the most common and typically used.
meanwhile, depending on the type of soil and the depth of the trenches, other types of shoring
can be used, such as metal plank type stakes, metal bracing,
sliding metal panels, metal camshafts for wells, among others, as follows:

a) sheet piling type: sheet piles are vertical steel profiles that allow
the coupling of several successive parts, through male-female type fittings. The locking
it must be executed with metal or wooden beams and struts;

The project must present the calculation of the sheet pile type and include type, characteristics, dimensions,
method of installation and length of the pin. In case the use of beams is necessary
and beams, also present the calculations, including type, dimensions, characteristics, and spacing;

The board type piles can be driven by appropriate pile drivers, or by other equipment.
suitable for this type of service;

The top of the piece to be embedded should always be protected to avoid damage and allow for reuse;

b) type metal propping: the side surfaces of the trench must be contained by profiles
metallics arranged in pairs, vertically and symmetrically along the side walls
from the valley, horizontally locked by logs or metal cylinders with hydraulic device
the mechanic, with the purpose of applying active pressure on the profiles placed along
from the valley;

The dimensions of the profiles, trunks or metal cylinders, the longitudinal spacing between the pairs
two profiles, as well as the vertical spacings between the struts or metal cylinders and the pressure
applied assets must be specified in the project, taking into account the location of the work, the characteristics
of the sun and the economic advantages of using this type of shoring;

c) sliding metal panel type: the side surfaces of the ditch must be contained by means of
of a pre-assembled metal shoring system, composed of mounted metal plates
modularly and locked longitudinally by metal profiles and transversely by struts
special metal, equipped with hydraulic cylinders and tension spring, placed inside tubes
telescopic;

The sliding of the metal panels, which have appropriate guide rails, is done over profiles.
metallics placed longitudinally at the bottom of the ditch

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The dimensions and characteristics of metal plates, beams, special metal struts,
guide rails, all adjustment parts and accessories, including the type of pressurization pump, must
be determined in project.

d) type metallic camshafts for wells: includes the fixing of metal sheet rings
corrugated. The rings are bolted together by means of screws and nuts distributed
along its lateral flanges. The sheets that make up each ring must be joined.
by transfer;

The excavation should be done in such a way that the shoring rings correspond approximately
to the excavation cylinder, minimizing the spaces between the excavation wall
and the shoring. During execution, the support of the excavation must be ensured until
the metal cladding shall be installed

The gaps between the excavated walls and the support rings must be filled with injection.
of just concrete or mortar, through pressure to be calculated based on the characteristics
do it alone. Another type of material can be used, as long as it is approved in the executive project.

The project must present calculations with characteristics, dimensions, and methods of execution of the rings.
metallic, as well as the type and characteristics of the filling material.

4.2.8 Exhaustion

When the surveys indicate that the excavation will reach the water table, it is necessary to anticipate
drainage system, aimed at keeping the ditch permanently drained, during
the execution of the services.

The project must suggest or indicate the depletion process to be adopted, which may be done by
surface pumps or by groundwater lowering systems, vacuum tips type, at discretion
from the sanitation services provider company. In some situations, it may be necessary
the use of relief wells, as an aid in lowering the water table or in drainage with
shallow pump.

When the use of pumping devices is indicated, the necessary works must be planned.
necessary for the surface drainage of water and also the most efficient drainage equipment
appropriate.

The protection of ditches, trenches, and wells against flooding from surface water must occur.
through the construction of longitudinal walls on the edges of the excavations.

In the ditches flooded by the downpours, with the rains ended and the ditches drained, the pipes already laid.
must be cleaned internally and those whose ends are closed must be
conveniently ballasted, so that they do not float, when the ditches are flooded.

If there is no specification in the project, preference should be given to the drainage pumps.
of the self-priming or submerged type.

In exceptional cases, the lowering of the water table should be done through filter tips.
deep wells or injectors.

When the lowering of the water table by filter points is indicated, it must be presented
the detailed project, suggesting the most suitable equipment.

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In places where the work is being kept dry through pumping or lowering.
for the aquifer, pumping operations should gradually cease, so that
the piezometric level should always be maintained at least 0.50 m below the maximum height reached
through the landfill.

To prevent the displacement of the tubes due to the subpressure of underground waters, the installations
The lowering of these levels can only be turned off after the complete filling of the trenches.

4.2.8.1Surface pump

The drainage of the ditches should preferably be done from downstream to upstream.
executing a small suction well where the infiltrated water is directed, maintaining
the land permanently drained after excavation reaches the level of the water table. Drains
sides, next to the shoring of the trench, are used to channel the water to the well.

The pumps installed in the suction wells must have their screens covered with gravel or crushed stone,
in order to prevent soil erosion by runoff.

The executing company of the work and the inspection must be attentive to the possibility of discounts.
the lateral edges of the ditch, which can cause damage to pipelines, ducts, and various conduits
You still have to consider the foundations of the neighboring buildings, and protective measures must be adopted.
necessary.

The company executing the work must have sufficient equipment for the sewage system.
allow the work to be carried out dry.

The pumping facilities must be sized with sufficient safety margin,

and reserve equipment must be provided, including diesel engine-pump sets, for
possible interruptions in the supply of electricity.

The company executing the project must anticipate and prevent irregularities in the sewage operations,
controlling and inspecting the equipment continuously. Any anomalies must be
immediately deleted.

4.2.8.2 Lowering of the water table

The locations for the implementation of the groundwater lowering system must meet the guidelines.
of project drawings and supervision instructions.

All excavations must be kept dry, through an adequate lowering system.

of the groundwater.

O tipo do sistema de rebaixamento deve levar em conta principalmente os seguintes fatores:

permeabilidade do solo, profundidade da escavação, nível do lençol freático, duração da obra
and conditions of the foundations of the buildings located near the lowering. Must be observed
the various levels of groundwater, the flow rates of water that are pumped, and the depressions that
they may eventually appear in the neighborhoods of the excavations.

Adoption of the groundwater table lowering system, installed only within the excavation.
it is allowed if it does not interfere with the execution of the works, nor harm the services
of reburial.

The pumping facilities for lowering the water table, once installed, must operate.
without interruption, for 24 hours a day, until the service is completed. Interruption is not allowed.

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of the operation of systems under the pretext of any reason, not even during night periods
or holidays, even if no other service is performed during the respective time intervals
in the work.

The installation of the feeding electrical network, power points, energy or fuel consumption,
The maintenance, operation, and storage of the equipment are the responsibility of the contractor.

4.2.8.3 Vacuum Filter Tips

In the case of applying groundwater lowering by vacuum point system,

The excavation below the original level of the aquifer can only be carried out after the verification of the perfect
operation and performance of the system through level indicators.

The installation of the tips can be carried out by direct excavation using augers, hydraulic jet.
the cravation.

The distance between the tips of a drainage system must be determined in the study
of the lowering, done based on the local soil, of the depth to which the water table must be
lowered, from the possible installation depth of the tips and the motor-pump unit
of the system.

The ends of the tips must go down to a depth of at least 0.90 m below.
from the deepest part of the excavation. If only a single line of tips is used for a
Trenching, its ends must be at least 1.20 m below the bottom of the trench.

In the case of impermeable layers, vertical drains are opened surrounding the tips and tubes.
of raising water with sand, in drills with 0.20 m to 0.30 m in diameter. A tube
The temporary coating is introduced by the jet method throughout the entire layer. The nozzle
is centered on the tube and the annular space is filled with clean coarse sand, up to the static level
from the water. The outer coating is removed as the soil filling is carried out.

In some cases, the use of a pre-filter is necessary, consisting of the casing of the tips.
with 6" or 8" PVC pipes and in the placement of gravel or crushed stone and washed coarse sand at the mouth
from the tip, the tips should be 0.30 m above the beginning of the casing. This service must
to be adopted to improve the performance of the lowering set due to the presence of strata
of clay or low permeability soil.

Preparation and leveling of the trench bed, setting, execution of joints

the casing of the tubes

4.2.9.1 Generalities

Before and during the installation, the materials (pipes, fittings, accessories etc.) must be
handled, stored, and transported carefully to avoid damage, and should be monitored
the requirements of the specific standard for each material and the manufacturer's instructions.

The pipes, fittings, and accessories must be cleaned and inspected before being installed.
not being able to install the damaged pieces (cracked, ovalized, damaged coating,
broken tips and bags, etc.), whose damages are determined by visual inspection, or materials that
are in disagreement with the applicable Brazilian Standards, according to 4.1.10. Additionally,
observe what is described in 4.2.3.

The settlement, if possible, should be done immediately after excavation and leveling.
at the bottom of the ditch, in order to minimize the interference of the work with vehicle traffic
and pedestrian traffic.

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As the excavation and shoring of the trench are completed, they must be executed
the regularization and preparation of the land, to enable settlement. In the case of sewage works,
the settlement must be done from downstream to upstream, with the bags facing upstream;
In the case of waterworks, the pipes should be laid, preferably, with the bags facing up.
for the amount.

Water pipes cannot be laid under sewage and drainage pipes.

All foreign elements, such as debris, stones, and clumps, must be removed from the ditch beforehand.
of the pipeline settlement.

At the end of the daily work period or in the event of service interruption, the ends
The pipe derivatives must be temporarily sealed to prevent the entry of mud and soil.
or strange objects; if there is a possibility of pipeline floating, it should be anchored.

Continuously verify the alignment of the pipes along the central axis of the trench during
of the settlement. If necessary, stakes or side blocks may be driven in to secure
the alignment of the piping, especially when it comes to sections executed in curve.

4.2.9.2 Preparation and leveling of the trench base (crib)

The preparation of the trench bottom must follow the project instructions.

The project must present in detail the solution for the most appropriate preparation to be given.
at the bottom of the trench, providing drawings with dimensions and specifications of the materials to be
employees, which can be:

a) correction of natural soil (unaltered original soil);

b) soil replacement, in situations where unstable soils are present at the bottom of the trench,
as cohesive soil or fluffy granular. The replaced soil must have a minimum thickness
from 0.15 m;

c) granular material fill (sand, gravel, or crushed stone), in situations where the excavation
drain the water table level;

d) layer of granular material and simple or reinforced concrete slab, in situations where, at the bottom
for this reason, there is the presence of low consistency soils;

e) granular material fill, reinforced concrete slab, and piling, in situations where,
from the bottom of the ditch, there is a layer with great thickness of low consistency soil,
needing to stake in order to reach the soil with the appropriate resistance; and

regularization of the trench bottom with fine granular material (usually sand), in the excavations
in rock. In this case, a lowering must be made at the bottom of the trench by at least
0.15 m, in order to allow for the leveling of the bottom with fine granular material, aiming to ensure
a perfect support of the piping and the improvement of the settlement conditions.

Except in the case of the natural soil being correct, all other types of preparation must be presented.
detailed in the project, providing drawings with dimensions and specifications of the materials
to be employed.

The bottom of the ditch must be leveled, uniform, and free of bumps and indentations, observing the following,
in the case of sewer networks, the slope provided in the design. Any recesses should be

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filled with suitable material, compacted, in order to achieve the same conditions
support of the normal trench bottom.

The pipeline must be uniformly supported on the bottom of the trench. To this end, in the area of the pocket, it must
have a recess at the bottom of the ditch for housing the bags, preventing the tubes from being supported
somente sobre estas.

4.2.9.2.1 Requirements for rigid tubes

Reinforced concrete and simple pipes, as well as ceramic pipes, should be considered rigid pipes.

In the case of rigid pipes, the supports listed below may be used, depending on the type.
of the ground found at the bottom elevation where the pipeline support is made:

a) on firm and dry ground, with adequate bearing capacity, the support of the tube can be provided
directly on the original unaltered soil (direct support), as established in 4.2.9.2-a)
and demonstrated in Figure D.1;

b) on firm ground, with satisfactory bearing capacity, but located below the level
the groundwater table, after the necessary lowering of the bottom of the trench, must be prepared
a draining ballast of gravel 3 and 4, or coarse gravel, with a thickness varying between 0.10 m
0.15 m, with an additional layer of 0.05 m of granular material (sand), as established
in 4.2.9.2-c) is demonstrated in Figure D.5;

In the previous cases, once the leveling and compaction of the material are completed, one must
prepare a cavity for housing the tube bag, covering at least a sector of 90º
from the cross-section;

in compressible and unstable soils, such as saturated clay or sludge, without conditions
minimal mechanics for the installation of pipes, the support of the piping is done on a slab
of reinforced concrete, as established in 4.2.9.2-d) and e), executed on one of the types
of foundation:

— gravel ballast 3 and 4, or coarse gravel with a minimum thickness of 0.15 m (see Figures D.6
e D.7);

— hand stone base (crushed stone), with a maximum thickness of 1.00 m (see Figures D.6
e D.8);

piles with a minimum diameter of 0.20 m and a minimum length of 2.00 m (see Figures D.6
e D.9).

In rock excavations, the support for the piping is made on a minimum layer of 0.15 m.
from fine granular material (usually sand) regularized, as per 4.2.9.2-f) and demonstrated
in Figure D.10.

For the perfect support of the tube on the slab, a continuous concrete cradle must be executed, with
height between 1/3 DN and 1/2 DN of the pipeline;

4.2.9.2.2 Requirements for semi-rigid tubes

The cast iron and fiberglass reinforced polyester (PRFV) pipes should be considered
semi-rigid tubes.

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For FRP pipes, the requirements of ABNT NBR 10848 must be met.

In the case of cast iron pipes, the supports listed below can be used, as per
the type of terrain found at the bottom elevation where the pipe support will be installed:

a) on firm and dry land, with satisfactory load-bearing capacity, with maximum coverage
of 2.40 m and without the piping being subjected to the action of traffic loads, the support of the pipe
it must be done directly on the original unaltered soil (direct support), as established
in 4.2.9.2-a) it is shown in Figure D.1;

b) on firm and dry land, with satisfactory load-bearing capacity, with maximum coverage
of 2.40 m and under the condition that the piping is subjected to traffic load effects, the support
the tube must be placed directly on a layer of uncompacted soil, with thickness
minimum of 0.10 m, as established in 4.2.9.2-b) and shown in Figure D.2;

in firm ground, with satisfactory load-bearing capacity, with maximum cover varying
between 2.40 m and 5.00 m, the support of the tube should be made on a layer of fine granular material
(sand), with a minimum thickness of 0.10 m, as shown in Figure D.3;

in firm ground, with satisfactory load-bearing capacity, with a coverage of over 5.00 m,
the support of the tube must be made on a layer of fine granular material (sand), with thickness
minimum of 0.10 m and involvement with the same material up to the height corresponding to half
of the diameter of the tube, as shown in Figure D.4. In the previous cases, once completed
the leveling and compaction of the material, a pit should be prepared for accommodation
of the tube bag, covering at least one sector of 90º of the cross-section;

on firm ground, with satisfactory load-bearing capacity, but located below the level
the groundwater, after the necessary lowering of the ditch's bottom, must be prepared
a draining ballast of gravel 3 and 4, or coarse gravel, with a thickness ranging between 10 cm
15 cm, with an additional layer of 5 cm of granular material (sand), as established
in 4.2.9.2-c) is shown in Figure D.5;

in compressible and unstable soils, such as saturated clay or mud, without conditions
minimum mechanics for the installation of pipes, the support of the piping is done on a slab
of reinforced concrete, executed on base of gravel 3 and 4, or coarse gravel, with thickness
minimum of 15 cm, as established in 4.2.9.2-d) and shown in Figures D.6 and D.7.

For the perfect support of the tube on the slab, a continuous concrete cradle must be executed with
height from 1/3 to 1/2 diameter of the tube.

In rock excavations, the pipe support is placed on a minimum layer of 0.15 m of material.
fine granular (sand) leveled, as established in 4.2.9.2-f) and shown in Figure D.10.

4.2.9.2.3 Requirements for flexible tubes

The PVC-U, DEFROFO PVC, PVC-O, polypropylene, and polyethylene pipes must be considered pipes.
flexible.

In the case of flexible tubes, the supports listed below can be used, depending on the type.
of ground found at the bottom elevation, where the pipe support is made:

a) on firm and dry ground, with adequate load-bearing capacity, the support of the tube must be
made on a bed of fine granular material, with a minimum thickness of 0.10 m, as shown
in Figure D.11;

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b) on firm ground, with adequate load-bearing capacity, but situated below the level
The groundwater table, after the necessary lowering of the trench bottom, must be prepared.
a draining ballast of crushed stone 3 and 4, or coarse gravel with a thickness varying between 0.10 m
0.15 m, with an additional layer of fine granular material (sand), with a minimum thickness
of 10 cm, as shown in Figure D.12. On top of this ballast of fine granular material should
to be made the support of the tube;

in compressible and unstable soils (for example, saturated clay or mud), without conditions
minimum mechanics for the installation of the pipes, the support of the piping must be made on
structural slab and cradle, supported on a foundation, as shown in Figures D.13 and D.14;

In rock excavations, a lowering in the 'grade' of the bottom of the trench must be made of at least
15 cm, in order to enable the leveling of the bottom with fine granular material (sand), aiming at
ensure a perfect support of the piping and improvement of the settling conditions, as per
shown in Figure D.15.

O berço de material granular fino, citado em 4.2.9.2.3-d), deve ser constituído de solos do tipo SW
and SP, according to Annex E.

4.2.9.3 Reaterro

After the joint execution, the pipes must be wrapped according to the project recommendations.
since the elastic joints should be kept visible whenever possible for execution
of trials and inspection.

The lateral wrapping must be carried out simultaneously on both sides of the pipeline, with
the necessary care for it to occupy all the voids.

Rigid tubes, because they do not deflect, do not require fine granular material in the lateral envelope.
and in the cradle, as its load capacity depends only on the resistance of the tube itself. Therefore,
in rigid pipes, the backfill must be done up to 0.30 m above the top of the pipe, using
material of good quality, free of stones, stumps, and organic materials, coming from the trench itself
You imported. On the side, the wrapper should be applied in layers with a thickness of 0.10 m,
strongly compacted by hand. At the top, the layer of 0.30 m should be lightly compacted,
as established in Figures D.1, D.5, D.6 and D.10.

In the case of semi-rigid cast iron pipes, the upper backfill must be done up to 0.30 m above.
from the top of the pipeline, using good quality material, free from stones, stumps and debris
organic, coming from the ditch itself or imported. On the side, the wrapper must be launched
in layers with 0.10 m thickness, strongly hand-stacked and the upper backfill over the layer
from 0.30 m should be slightly sloped, as established in Figures D.2, D.3, D.4, and D.10.

For the semi-rigid tubes in glass fiber reinforced polyester (PRFV), the following must be met
the requirements of ABNT NBR 10848.

The flexible tubes bend, therefore the load capacity cannot be analyzed considering
not the tube in isolation, but the soil-tube system. In this case, it is necessary to rely on
the lateral envelope soil as support, because the stiffer the lateral envelope soil, the better
it is the load capacity of the flexible tube.

Therefore, in flexible pipes, the upper backfill must be done up to 0.30 m above the top of the pipe.
using the same fine granular material applied in the cradle and in the side envelope, made up of
SW and SP type solos, compressed and as specified in Annex E.

NOTE For PVC pipes, do not use clay or peat in direct contact with the pipe.

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Flexible tubes, mainly made of PVC, cannot be fixed directly to concrete, as this
would transform the tube/concrete set into a rigid system, without resistance to bending, implying
at risk of pipeline rupture with the structure's sinking.

Figure 1 presents the four steps for the recompaction of the trench whose criteria are
the following:

a) base: it is the structure on which the piping will be supported, and its composition and thicknesses
are established by local conditions and type of piping;

b) lateral envelope: it is performed in such a way as to meet the minimum requirements stipulated
for the project, taking into account the specific conditions. The specified soil must be used
and care must be taken to ensure that the pipeline is continuously supported at the bottom of the trench, with a cradle.
and well-executed filling on both sides, in layers less than 0.10 m. If there is
shoring in the trench should be removed progressively, trying to fill all
the empties;

c) superior backfill: is made with selected material, free of stones or boulders, in layers
with a thickness of 0.10 m to 0.15 m. The compaction is carried out from each side, only on the
regions located between the vertical plane tangent to the pipeline and the wall of the trench. The part
directly above the pipeline is not compacted, in order to avoid deformations of the pipes.
It is not allowed to dump backfill soil at this stage;

Final backfill: the remaining backfill material for the ditch must be placed in successive layers.
compressed, with a maximum of 0.20 m, in order to achieve the same state of the land in the
sides of the ditch.

Figure 1 - Stages of backfilling the trench

When in the project or in the specification of the sanitation service provider company it is
determined the degree of densification or compaction of the involvement, this parameter must be
verified through tests carried out by a professional specialized in technological control
and according to ABNT NBR 7182 or ABNT NBR 12051.

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4.2.9.4 Assembly and execution of the joints

Before the execution of any type of joint, it should be checked whether the ends of the tubes and the
parts are perfectly clean, damaged parts cannot be installed. When it comes to
of the tip and bag tubes, after fitting, the tip must be centered in relation to the bag. The execution
The joints must comply with the applicable Brazilian Standards for each material, in addition to the instructions.
from the manufacturer.

All rubber rings used in the execution of elastic joints must meet the requirements.
from ABNT NBR 7676.

Whenever the installation work is interrupted, the ends and the branches must
be tamponed, taking special care to avoid the fluctuation of the line, in case the sheet
elevated groundwater.

During the installation of sewage and drainage pipes, the changes in direction, diameter
The slopes must necessarily be made in the access/inspection wells or in the boxes.

In the sewage and drainage networks, the execution of the connection of the pipe to the inspection manhole.
the boxes must be carried out by methods that ensure perfect sealing, in order to avoid
infiltrations in the wells or in the boxes.

In sewage and drainage networks, the leveling of the piping must be carried out through
of suitable topographic equipment with the required gradient precision in the design.

The leveling must be geometric and counter-leveling is mandatory, always passing through the
centers of PV/PI/boxes, which cannot be used as points for leveling change
and counter-leveling. The maximum allowable error is 5 mm/km, and it must comply with the maximum error.
for closing of e= √10 deL, in millimeters, where Le is the leveled length, in kilometers,
to level the course in one direction.

O greide da tubulação pode ser obtido por meio de réguas niveladas com a declividade do projeto
(viewers), which should be placed vertically in the center of the PV/PI/boxes and at intermediate points
in the section, spaced according to the settlement method to be employed, as
the following:

a) from the crossbar: maximum 30 m;

b) from the template: maximum 10 m.

Aligning between two consecutive rulers the crossbar or the wooden template, respectively.
by sighting with the eye or by means of a tightly stretched nylon thread, the intermediate elevations are obtained.
for the settling of the piping, as shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2 - Settlement Methods

The alignment of the collector is given by a stretched nylon thread between two consecutive sights and by the thread
of plumb.

The rulers, crosspiece, and template must be made of good quality wood and must have perforations.
that safeguard from pledges, due to the influence of time.

The rules and the head of the cross or template should be painted with bright colors that present
contrast one with the others in order to facilitate the determination of the line of sight.

When the slope is less than 0.001 m/m, or when greater accuracy in the installation is desired,
The grade must be determined using a topographic instrument, or by a radiation emitting device.
laser, since the initial topographic survey was conducted with equal or greater precision.

The settlement using laser beam is also indicated for underground crossings.
of busy streets, railways, and highways, cases where services cannot be performed

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in the open air, requiring the use of non-destructive methods, such as driven pipes, minitunnel
(mini-shield) etc.

4.2.9.4.1 Concrete pipes

In the placement of concrete pipes, only elastic joints should be used for
sewage works and elastic or rigid joints for urban drainage works.

The concrete pipes must be placed in the trench using appropriate equipment, such as
steel cable, nylon strap, scissors, hooks etc., preventing mechanical and dimensional damage by
shock, as it cannot, under any circumstances, wrap the tubes by the inner diameter.

With the concrete pipes suspended, all necessary precautions must be taken to prevent
bumps between the pieces or against the ground.

In the execution of the settlement, the same criteria of 4.2.9.4 must be adopted regarding the
leveling services, as follows:

4.2.9.4.1.1 Elastic joints

The execution of the elastic joints must follow the following sequence:

— check if the rings correspond to the specifications of ABNT NBR 7676 and if they are in good condition.
The state is free from dirt, especially oils and greases;

clean the outer faces of the tube ends and the inner faces of the bags, and especially,
the ring fitting area. Check if the chamfer at the end of the tube has not been damaged;

place the ring in the bevel located at the tip of the tube, ensuring that it cannot be damaged
twist movement, during its positioning;

position the tip of the tube next to the bag of the subsequent tube already placed, proceed
to align the piping and perform the fitting by pushing it manually (levers)
or through equipment (tirfor). Take care not to damage the tube.
in the fitting operation and not to cause stress on the ring, such as tension, twisting, or compression;

check if the rubber ring remained in its housing;

NOTE Do not use, under any circumstances, lubricant on the rings that could affect the characteristics.
from the rubber, such as greases or mineral oils.

4.2.9.4.1.2 Rigid joints

The execution of the rigid joints must follow the following sequence:

clean the outer surfaces of the tube ends and the inner surfaces of the bags and check if the tube does not
was damaged;

After correctly positioning the tip of the tube next to the bag of the already seated tube, proceed.
to align the pipe and make the connection. Be careful not to damage the tube.
in the fitting operation;

execute the joint with cement and sand mortar in the ratio 1:3, with an additive that prevents it
retraction, supported with an inclination of 45° on the outer surface of the tube;

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In cases of diameters up to 0.6 m, the grouting must be done from the outside. In diameters
above, the grouting must be carried out on the internal and external side;

check if the mortar was applied all around the perimeter of the tube, especially at the base
from the lower generator.

A rigid joint with cement and sand mortar should be avoided, as it allows for infiltration.
The leak, as a result of the displacement due to the contraction of the mortar.

4.2.9.4.2 Ceramic tubes

In the installation of ceramic tubes, elastic joints or asphalt joints should be used.
you pitch.

The ceramic tubes must be placed in the trench using appropriate equipment.
or manually, avoiding damage from shock.

The joint with tabatinga or cement and sand mortar should be avoided, as it allows for infiltration.
the leakage, as a result of the displacement due to the contraction of the mortar.

In the execution of the installation of ceramic tubes for sewage, the same must be adopted
criteria of 4.2.9.4, regarding leveling services and care, as follows:

4.2.9.4.2.1 Elastic joints

The execution of the elastic joints must follow the following sequence:

check if the rings correspond to the specifications by ABNT NBR 7676 and if they are in good condition
The state is free of dirt, mainly oils and greases;

— limpar as faces externas das pontas dos tubos e as internas das bolsas e, principalmente,
the ring fitting area;

check if the ring located at the end of the tube is fixed properly;

position the end of the tube next to the bag of the subsequent tube already set, proceed
to align the piping and perform the fitting, pushing it manually (levers).
Be careful not to damage the tube during assembly and avoid exerting forces.
no ring, such as tension, torsion or compression;

check if the rubber ring remained in the correct position.

NOTE 1 Do not use, under any circumstances, lubricant on the rings that may affect the characteristics
from the rubber, such as greases or mineral oils.

NOTE 2 Due to the different types of standardized joints, attention is recommended regarding the aspect.
of interchangeability guarantee.

4.2.9.4.2.2 Asphalt or tar joints

The execution of asphalt or pitch joints must follow the following sequence:

clean the outer faces of the tube ends and the inner faces of the bags and check if the tube is not
was damaged;

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After correctly positioning the tip of the tube next to the bag of the already installed tube, proceed
to the alignment of the pipe. Be careful not to damage the tube during the fitting operation;

place a tarred rope between the tip and the bag, using appropriate tools
and being careful to avoid damage to the tube;

execute the clay pipe and remove the tarred hemp cord, filling the space
left by the cord with the asphalt or melted tar;

verify if the asphalt or tar has filled the entire perimeter of the cavity left by the cord
of burlap.

It is recommended to fill out only on one side, to provoke the release of air and the total.
filling of the cavity left.

4.2.9.4.3 Cast iron pipes

In the installation of cast iron pipes, elastic joints must be used, as per Annex F.
whereas the other types of joints, such as mechanical joints (see Annex G, for the locked joints
internal and external and flanged joint, and Annex H), should only be used when provided
in project.

NOTE Do not use, under any circumstances, lubricant on the rings that may affect the characteristics.
from rubber, such as greases or mineral oils.

In sewage works, only cast iron pipes should be laid and used.
with internal lining, as provided for in ABNT NBR 15420. During installation, they must be
adopted the same criteria as 4.2.9.4, regarding leveling services.

In the case of water supply works, pipes with coating must be laid and used.
internal as described in ABNT NBR 7675.

The fill heights must meet the specifications established in the project, according to what has been established.
in ABNT NBR 7675.

The descent of the pipes into the trench can be manual for pipes up to 0.2 m in diameter. Figure 3
presents one of the recommended processes for lowering pipes with a diameter of up to 0.2 m.

Figure 3 - Manual descent of the tube

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The operation of lowering pipes into the ditch, with a diameter greater than 0.2 m, must be done with assistance.
of suitable mechanical equipment, with sufficient power, without causing damage to the coating,
at the tip and at the bag. In Figure 4, some methods of preparing the tube for lifting are presented.
mechanic.

Figure 4 - Methods of preparing the tube for mechanical lifting

When using belts, check their resistance before loading the tube. When using a single belt,
position it approximately halfway between the ends to balance the load. When using
two belts, it is necessary to use a balancing device to prevent the dangerous slipping of the belts
and the loss of balance. When using hooks, they need to be used appropriately and coated.
made of plastic, rubber or similar materials. Do not roll, drag or throw the tubes to the ground, still
that on tires or sand, to avoid damaging their coatings. Avoid placing the tubes
in contact with rough or unbalanced stones, for example, on top of roots. Protect
the tubes against stone projections due to rock blasting shots.

The joints must be previously assembled between well-aligned pipes or connections and with their
tips and bags perfectly clean. If an elastic band is used and it is necessary to draw a
curve with its own pipes, give the curvature after the assembly of each joint, according to Figure 5,
and with the nominal diameter (DN) of the pipe, taking care not to exceed the angular deflections.
maximums determined in the project or indicated in the manufacturer's catalog. For smaller diameters
or equal to 0.3 m, minimum of 3º 30', for DN between 0.35 m and 0.6 m, minimum of 2º 30' and for DN greater
or equal to 0.7 m, minimum of 1º 30’.

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Figure 5 - Deflections of the pipes

As montagens das juntas elásticas, mecânicas e de flanges estão descritas, respectivamente, nos
Annexes F, G and H.

Whenever possible, the pipes should be laid in the length received from the manufacturer, should
any cut of the tube should be reduced to a minimum. However, when cutting is necessary, it must be
meeting the requirements of Annex I.

The pipes should be laid, preferably with the pockets facing upstream.

In areas with a slope above 20% for aerial sections and 25% for buried sections,
It is recommended that the pipes be laid with the bags facing upwards and properly anchored.

When the piping is buried in aggressive soils, it must be encased at the time.
of the settlement, with a tubular sleeve or with a polyethylene sheet, as described
in ABNT NBR 12588.

4.2.9.4.4 PVC-U, DEFOFO PVC and PVC-O pipes

Check if the connection rings match those specified in ABNT NBR 7676 and if they are
in good condition and clean.

In the execution of the settlement, the same criteria of 4.2.9.4 must be adopted regarding the
serviços de nivelamento, conforme a seguir:

Joints between pipes and fittings

The execution of the elastic joints between pipes and fittings must follow the following sequence for
assembly of the connection rings:

clean the outer surfaces of the tube ends and the inner surfaces of the connection bags
and, mainly, the area where the ring fits. Check that the chamfer of the tube tip has not been
dismantled; if necessary, correct it with a rasp;

place the ring inside its slot in the bag, without twisting;

Uncoat the outer face of the tube tip and the visible part of the ring with the appropriate paste, as indicated.
by the manufacturer. Do not use, under any circumstances, greases or lubricating oils, which may affect
the characteristics of rubber;

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after the correct positioning of the tube tip next to the connection bag, make the connection,
manually pushing the tube. For larger DN, a lever can be used together.
the bag of the tube to be fitted, taking care to place a board between the bag
and the lever, in order to avoid damage, or one can use appropriate pulling tools that do not
define the tube.

4.2.9.4.4.2 joints between pipes

The execution of the elastic joints between tubes must follow the following sequence:

to make the connection between PVC tubes only using integrated elastic joints;

Clean the external faces of the ends of the tubes and the ring integrated into the bag. Check if the chamfer
the end of the tube was not damaged; if necessary, correct it with a file;

Apply lubricant to the outer face of the tube end and the visible part of the ring with the appropriate paste indicated.
by the manufacturer. Do not use, under any circumstances, greases or lubricating oils, which may affect
the characteristics of rubber;

After the correct positioning of the tube tip next to the bag of the already installed tube, carry out
the fit, manually pushing the tube. For larger DN, a lever can be used.
next to the bag of the tube to be fitted, with the care of placing a board between the bag
And the lever, as shown in Figure 6, to avoid damage, or one can use a tool.
of proper traction that does not damage the tube;

attach the tip to the bag of the already set tube, up to the limit of the marking
of assembly, due to the linear expansion caused by the thermal variation in the pipelines
plastics. When there is no assembly marking at the ends of the tubes and connections, one must
insert the tip until the stopper of the bag and then retract the tip by approximately
0.01 m.

Figure 6 – Fitting of the pipes by manual system

The backhoe shovel cannot be used to attach the pipes, as shown.

in Figure 7.

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Figure 7 - Incorrect form for the coupling of the pipes

After the assembly of a joint, if a leak test is necessary, the pipeline must be
partially covered with a minimum height of 0.5 m× FROM above its upper generator, with a
layer of the encapsulating material, leaving the coupling region uncovered, for verification
of airtightness, in such a way as to ensure that, during the airtightness test, the piping does not
slope displacements. After conducting the leak test, the enclosure should be completed.
of sand.

The curvature of the pipes cannot be provoked to meet the piping layout in substitution.
to the respective connections.

NOTE The maximum allowable deflections in the joints of PVC-U, PVC DEFOFO, and PVC-O pipes.
based on your DN, as well as the other geometric relationships, are determined in the catalogs
from each manufacturer.

The lateral horizontal distance of the pipeline in relation to any other installation (foundation, cables
of energy etc.) must be greater than 0.40 m and separated vertically by a layer of backfill
at least 0.40 m, properly compacted, meeting the minimum cover.

The depth of the trench must comply with the instructions of the executive project. If there are no instructions
project, the requirements of Annex B must be met.

If there are no design instructions, in the sections where the coating of the piping is less than
at 0.80 m and/or when the piping is installed in streets with heavy vehicular loads, they must be
Special measures have been taken for your protection. This protection can be achieved by embedding the piping.
insidepipeswithlargerDNsuitableforreceivingmobileloads,orby
use of slabs, according to the scheme of Figure 8. In these cases, the tube must be encased
in granular material or stone powder, remaining detached from the protective elements.

Figure 8 – Special settlements

When considering accidental moving loads, in the absence of real data, one should consider
the weight of the Type TB 45 train of ABNT NBR 7188, for the trenches located on the street bed

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 ABNT NBR 17015:2023

In the sections where the piping is laid in trenches under conditions that the total load
(added mobile load to the ground load) would cause higher relative diametrical deformations
a 7.5% under normal settlement conditions, special measures must be anticipated for
the protection of the piping.

4.2.9.4.5 Polyethylene (PE) tubes

In the installation of polyethylene pipes for pressurized water or sewage works, they must be
mechanical joints and joints welded by thermofusion or electrofusion are used together. In the case of works
For gravity sewerage systems, the requirements for joining the pipes must be met.
established in ABNT NBR ISO 21138-1.

The embankment heights must meet the established design requirements, according to the specifications.
according to ABNT NBR 15802. If there is no determination in the project, the minimum embankment heights must
comply with what is specified in Tables B1 and B2

If there are no project instructions, in the sections that require it, the pipe coating is necessary.
is below the values established in ABNT NBR 15802, and/or when the piping is installed
On streets with heavy movable loads, special measures must be taken for their protection. This
protection can be done by embedding the piping inside pipes with larger and appropriate DN
to receive the mobile loads, or by using slabs, according to the scheme in Figure 8.
In these cases, the pipe must be wrapped in granular material or stone dust, remaining
unlinked from the protection elements.

The execution of the settlement depends on the type of work, as follows:

4.2.9.4.5.1 Water works

For polyethylene pipes in water works, the following must be considered:

set the pipeline at a safe distance from power lines or heat sources, so that
there should be no surrounding temperatures that exceed 50 °C;

set the piping, preferably in a winding manner to compensate for the shrinkage that occurs
when executing the landfill;

set the piping at a minimum distance of 0.3 m from any obstacle or interference;

— to comply with the minimum curvature radii established in ABNT NBR 15802, for changes
of direction, contouring obstacles and interferences;

move the tube within the trench along its longitudinal axis, with or without rollers, with a
maximum pulling force, as specified in Table J.1;

seal the ends of the tube whenever the settlement is interrupted, to avoid
water entry from the soil, animals, or dirt;

drain the water inside the trench before laying the pipe;

— to meet the project specifications for settling under the water table, to avoid the effects
of collapse pressures in the piping, especially in SDR pipes≥ 21

— perform the welds according to ABNT NBR 14464 and ABNT NBR 14465;

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weld the pipes preferably outside of the trench and before their placement;

remove the tubes from the fusion welding machine or from the alignment device of the welds
of electrofusion only after the specified cooling time for welding has elapsed,
as provided in ABNT NBR 14464 and ABNT NBR 14465;

add to the cooling time of the solders the times specified in Table 1, when
the pipeline is subjected to stresses resulting from installation by the non-destructive method,
drilling of branch tees or application of internal pressure.

Table 1 - Minimum time for applying efforts

DE Tempo
mm min
≤ 110 15
> 110≤ 180 20
> 180≤ 315 30
> 315≤ 500 45
> 500≤ 800 60
> 800 120

Note 1 Regarding the installation of coiled pipes with an outer diameter OD ≥ 63 mm, it is recommended
use 'unwinder'.

Only the ties that release the required tube length should be untied. The part of the tube
What remains attached to the coil must be repacked and protected.

Note 2 At intersections where it is difficult to maintain a distance of 0.3 m, a separation of up to is allowed.

0.075 m, provided that the insertion of an elastomeric sheet is ensured, with a minimum of 0.006 m
of the thickness, between the polyethylene tube and the interference found.

Note 3 In the case of distribution networks, if possible, it is recommended to carry out the assembly.
the derivations of the branches concurrently with the laying of the pipe in the trench.

Note 4 Joints can be executed by welding process or assembled by mechanical process.

for example, compression connections, flanged connections etc.

When it is necessary to perform welding inside the trench, an additional excavation should be carried out.
both in width and depth (pipe), in order to allow for the handling of the equipment
and of the piping.

Sewer works

For polyethylene pipes in sewage works, the following should be considered:

level the piping, according to the criteria of item 4.2.9.4, in case the pipes are corrugated;

to comply with the established in ABNT NBR ISO 21138-1 and 2, if the pipes are corrugated;

attach the end to the bag of the already positioned corrugated tube up to the limit of the marking
of assembly, due to the linear expansion caused by thermal variation in the piping

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plastics. When there is no assembly mark at the ends of the pipes and fittings, one should
introduce the tip until it reaches the end of the bag and then withdraw the tip by approximately 0.01 m;

place the ring on the rib of the corrugated tube indicated by the manufacturer, in case of use
of gloves, and later perform the coupling;

cover the corrugated pipe partially, after assembling a joint, above its
upper generator with a layer of cladding material, leaving the region uncovered
of the coupling for leak verification, in such a way as to ensure that, during
the tightness test, the piping does not undergo displacements. After the execution of the test
for sealing, the enclosure must be filled with sand;

— follow the instructions of the executive project regarding the depth of the trench, according to
as established in ABNT NBR 15802. If there are no design instructions, they must be met
the requirements specified in Tables B1 and B2;

The backhoe shovel cannot be used to attach the corrugated tubes, as shown.
in Figure 7.

The curvature of the pipes cannot be altered to accommodate the layout of the replacement piping.
to the respective connections.

If there are no design instructions, in the sections where it is necessary for the piping to be covered
be lower than the values indicated in ABNT NBR 15802, and/or when the piping is laid.
On streets with heavy movable loads, special measures should be taken for their protection. This
protection can be done by embedding the piping inside tubes with larger and appropriate DN
to receive the mobile loads, or through the use of slabs, according to the scheme in Figure 8.
In these cases, the tube must be wrapped in granular material or stone powder, remaining
unlinked from the protection elements.

In the sections where the installation of the piping in deep trenches is necessary, it must be
meet the requirements specified in ABNT NBR 15802 and special measures should be anticipated
for pipe protection. This protection can be as shown in Figure 8 or can involve
the piping with granular material, such as stone and gravel.

4.2.9.4.6 Reinforced fiberglass polyester pipes (PRFV)

In the installation of FRP pipes, all requirements established must be met.

ABNT NBR 10848; in ABNT NBR 15536-1 for water works; in ABNT NBR 15536-2 for
the sewage works; and in ABNT NBR 15536-4 for the rubber rings.

The connections must meet the requirements specified in ABNT NBR 15536-3.

In the installation of the pipes, a pit should be prepared at the bottom of the trench to accommodate the
bags or gloves, aiming to ensure the uniform support of the tube on the ground.

4.2.10 Backfilling, compaction, and removal of shoring

For rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible pipes, the final backfill, as specified in Figure 1,
can be done using good quality material, free of stones, stumps, and organic matter,
originating from the pit itself or imported, laid and compacted in layers with a maximum of
0.20 m thick.

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4.2.10.1 Reaterro

The backfilling and compaction of the trench must be carried out according to the project and/or the guidelines.
from the sanitation service provider company.

The project must include at least:

a) specification of the material for backfilling and borrow area, if applicable;

b) thickness of the layer to be compacted, degree of compaction, deviation from optimal moisture and testing
specific, in addition to the most suitable equipment to achieve the compaction condition
desired;

c) process of removing the shoring as the backfill is executed;

4.2.10.2 Bracing

The removal of the support curtain must be carried out as the fill and compaction progress.

When there is shoring and the project does not specify the backfilling process, with the appropriate removal.
for shoring, the following procedure should be adopted:

a) in a first phase, the shoring is maintained and the backfilling is carried out to the level of the first
strung

Then the strut and the long beam are removed, if applicable, and the locking is guaranteed by the same.
only for backfilling;

c) proceed with the backfill to the level of the second strut, remove the strut and the beam,
if it is the case, and so on until the desired level.

The vertical boards and the metal profiles, when the shoring is metal or metal-wood,
They should only be removed at the end of the backfilling. For this, use cranes, backhoes, or others.
appropriate devices. The voids left by the profiles and metal stakes must be filled
with fine granular material.

The backfill of the trench can only be carried out after the leak testing has been completed.
from the piping, according to the relevant procedures.

The filling of the envelope is mandatory manual up to 0.30 m above the upper generatrix.
from the piping, executed in layers, using manual, mechanical, or other sockets, fulfilled
the conditions stipulated in the project and according to 4.2.9.3 and Figure 1.

The filling and compaction above 0.30 m of the upper edge of the piping can be
executed by mechanical processes, with good quality material, for example, material from its own
excavation, which must be selected and free of stones, debris, asphalt, etc., and in layers
with a maximum thickness of 0.20 m, according to the degree of compaction specified in the project
and according to 4.2.9.3 and Figure 1.

For the execution of backfilling, preferably use the same excavated soil, provided it meets
the physical characteristics specified in tests.

During the compaction process, it is not allowed to use equipment that imposes on the trench.
additional load above the support capacity of the installed pipe.

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When the soil is of poor quality, use soil from appropriate deposits. Contaminated soils, clays.
plastics and organic soils, or any other material that may be physically or chemically harmful
the pipes and fittings are not acceptable as backfill material.

Compaction should start from the side of the trench towards the center, taking the necessary precautions.
care to avoid structural damage and/or misalignment of the pipes, thus preventing
give us the tubes and accessories.

In paved streets, during the process of backfilling the trench, conditions must be restored.
previous compaction of the base and sub-base of the pavement, in order to ensure the same
support capacity prior to the opening of the trench.

Final landfill

In the execution of final backfilling on public roads, as shown in Figure 1, when it is not
specified in the project, adopt the following criteria for compacting the trench material:

a) the backfill must be carried out in layers of a maximum of 0.20 m, using sand, material
removed from the ditch or imported and simple graded gravel (BGS), according to the degree of compaction
next:

for the sand: relative compaction > 70%, according to ABNT NBR 12051;

for the backfill soil of the trench (removed or imported material): degree of compaction
for soil ≥ 95% (normal Proctor), according to ABNT NBR 7182

for the BGS: apparent density of the compacted layer (measured in situ) ≥ 100 %
from the maximum apparent density measured in the laboratory, in accordance with current legislation [5]
e [6];

b) soil compaction can be manual or mechanical, as long as it meets the energy requirements
of compaction preset in the project or as described in 4.10.2.3-a).

c) When in the project or in the specification of the sanitation service provider company is
determined the degree of soil compaction or compactness of the sand for backfill, this
the parameter must be verified through tests conducted by a specialized professional
in technological control and in accordance with ABNT NBR 7182 or ABNT NBR 12051.

4.2.11 Pavement Replacement

4.2.11.1 General provisions

The repaving should begin immediately after the completion of the compacted backfill.
is regularized, with the executor being responsible for the various replacements, reconstructions
or repairs of any nature, in order to make the executed equal to what was removed, demolished
broken. In the restoration of any pavement, whether on the sidewalk or the roadway, it must be
obeyed the type, the dimensions and the quality of the pavement found.

The repaving of public roads must restore the conditions prior to the opening.
from the valley, obeying the project instructions as well as the municipal legislations.

The reconstruction of the pavement involves the execution of all related and associated work, such as
relocation of manholes, storm drains, and others, possibly demolished or removed to
execution of services.

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Pavement, once completed, must be perfectly conformed to the gradient and the cross-section.
of the existing pavement, irregularities or protrusions are not allowed to compensate for future ones.
discounts.

The patches of the replaced pavement with the existing pavement must present a perfect appearance.
of continuity.

After the paving is completed, the entire area affected by the construction must be cleaned.
it shall be cleared, removing from the public way, when applicable, all loose soil, rubble, and other materials
not used, left along the streets where the networks were executed.

The regulation of dirt roads must be carried out with motor graders. If the roads are
In gravel, crushed stone or pebbles, after the road has been regularized, the material must be replaced and spread out.
it is compacted, obeying the characteristics of the previously existing coating.

4.2.11.2 Paving with cobblestones or blocks

The pieces must be laid on a sand bed with a thickness of 0.05 m, for interlocking blocks.
and 0.1 m thick, for hexagonal blocks or parallelepipeds. Eventually, to improve
the soil support conditions, a gravel or lean concrete bed must be executed.

The cobblestones or blocks should be laid from the edges of the strip to the center and, when
on a ramp, from bottom to top.

In the case of steep ramps, the settling must be done on lean concrete ballast, with
minimum cement consumption of 210 kg/m³.

The grouting should be done with gravel or sand, followed by filling the joints with
asphalt.

4.2.11.3 Cemented Walkways

The concrete must have the same thickness and finish as the existing flooring, however, it cannot be
less than 0.05 m, and must be executed on a gravel base with a thickness of 0.05 m, properly
compressed.

The minimum consumption of cement per cubic meter (m³) of concrete must be 210 kg/m³.

Execute finishing layer with a thickness of 0.02 m, using cement and sand mortar.
performed at a ratio of 1:3.

The expansion joints must be of the same type and have the same spacing as the existing pavement.

4.2.11.4 Paved Walkways

Attend to the characteristics of the existing materials in order to restore the previous conditions.
at the sidewalk break.

4.2.11.5 Asphalt paving

The replacement of the asphalt pavement must meet the requirements of the competent authorities and/or
to the same characteristics of the existing pavement.

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In the absence of requirements from the competent authorities, the replacement of the asphalt pavement must meet
to the specification in the project or to the determinations of the sanitation service provider,
according to the type of traffic.

When using hot-mix asphalt, temperature control of the material must be carried out.
inclusive em pequenos reparos, tomando-se cuidado na execução das emendas.

In cases of narrow trenches or when there is urgency in restoring traffic, it may be

I accept the closure of the ditch with concrete, properly protected by metal sheets, over
which should be followed by a cover with a finish similar to the existing one. The dosage
The concrete must have a minimum cement consumption of 210 kg/m³ of concrete. 3
the thickness must be calculated to ensure a resistance equal to that of the existing pavement,
not less than 0.12 m.

4.2.11.6 Execution of guide and curb

The gutters, curbs, and drainage trenches must comply with ABNT NBR 6118 and ABNT NBR 12655.
The concrete must be proportioned rationally and must have a characteristic strength (fck) of 20 MPa.
for precast media pipes, gutters and large gutters molded on site and 15 MPa for the base
concrete.

The medium-sized pieces must be executed in sections of 1.0 m in length, which must be
vibrated until their complete compaction and properly cured before their application.

The length of the pieces should be reduced for the execution of curved segments.

The forms for the execution of the scaffolding must be metallic or covered wooden, which allow
finish similar to that obtained with the use of metal molds.

For the settling of the curbs, gutters, and large gutters, the foundation land must be
surface properly leveled, according to the cross section of the project, presenting itself
smooth and free of loose or furrowed particles, and must not present peaty, micaceous soils
or that contain organic substances. It must also be free of any water infiltrations.
or excessive humidity.

NOTE The execution of services is not allowed during rainy days.

After compaction, the foundation soil should be slightly moistened for the pouring.
of the ballast.

On the properly prepared foundation ground, the concrete ballast must be executed.
curbs and large curbs, according to the dimensions specified in the project. The ballast must be piled,
conveniently, so as not to leave empty spaces.

The placement of the curbs must be done before 1 hour has passed since the concrete was poured.
from the base. The pieces must be supported, at the joints, by means of concrete balls with the same
base resistance.

After aligning the curbs, the shaping of the gutters should be done using concrete.
with plasticity and moisture compatible with its release in the molds, without leaving any holes
or nests. The curbs and curb stones must be shaped on site, with joints 0.01 m wide.
every 3.0 m. These joints must be filled with a mortar of cement and sand in a ratio of 1:3.

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The placement of the curb must precede the execution of the adjacent gutter.

These devices must be completed before the execution of the bituminous coating. The control
the material must be executed through the following procedures:

a) determine the compressive strength of the concrete used in the gutters and large gutters in bodies
of cylindrical specimens, according to ABNT NBR 5739;

b) randomly check, in a sample of 10 units from each batch of 300 half-finished pieces,
the following:

verification of shape, presence of disintegration materials and condition of edges;

verification of the dimensions of the pre-molded guides;

— geometry control with leveling of the curbs and gutters every 5 m, measurements
of the width of the gutters every 5 m and alignment of the curbs every 5 m and between
curbs and gutters with wire, in the straight sections;

visual verification of finishing conditions;

The pre-molded curb lots must only be accepted if they have a quality certificate.

The guides and extruded curbs on site must be executed on leveled surfaces.
the compacted ones, obeying the alignment, profile, and pre-existing dimensions, of the project
you have the minimum dimensions, as determined in the project.

The concrete must have a fck of 20 MPa, it must be leveled and have the necessary slope for drainage.
of the waters. Eventually, to improve the soil support conditions, ballast should be executed.
of the gravel.

If necessary, a sub-base in gravel or hydraulic macadam should be executed.

4.2.12 Registration

The registration of the works must meet the requirements established by the service company.
of sanitation services. If the company does not establish the conditions for preparation
for registration, it is recommended:

a) that the registration of linear works be carried out daily so that it represents in a way
the executed party;

b) in the impossibility of daily execution, the registration should be presented to the service company
of sanitation services upon completion of the works, containing at least:

Complete description of the networks carried out, presenting: nominal diameter (DN), class
pressure, material, original installation date, depths, tie-ins, derivations,
singularities, derivations left for building connections etc.;

In the case of polyethylene pipes and fittings, information such as outer diameter
instead of DN, SDR, identification of the welding executor, traceability code
of the product, classification of the type of compound and name of the manufacturer;

Registration date;

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that the registrations be prepared according to what is specified in ABNT NBR 12586 for
the water supply systems and in ABNT NBR 12587 for the systems
of sanitation;

at the discretion of the sanitation service provider, the registration must be delivered
in digital format, editable and in the extension specified by itself.

5 Specific Requirements
5.1 Anchoring

Pressurized water and sewage pipelines that use elastic joints must be executed
anchors in the pieces applied at the ends (for example, blind flanges or caps), in the
connections used for changing direction (for example, bends and tees), in connections for change
of diameter (for example, reductions, in valves and fittings subjected to displacements by action
of hydraulic thrust) and in sections of piping on steep slopes.

The anchorages can be made of concrete, hardwood, or steel, or executed through guying.
from the line.

For networks with DN up to 0.1 m, for example, small anchoring systems, can be used
wooden stakes or metal profiles, according to the illustrative examples of anchoring blocks
presented in Figure 9.

The contact surface between the tubes and/or plastic connections and the anchoring blocks must
to be protected with an inert material, for example, neoprene padding, capable of allowing movement
relative to the surfaces and prevent the concentration of stresses in the piping.

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Dimensions in centimeters

NOTE Connections from Ø50 mm to Ø100 mm.

Figure 9 - Small anchors with wooden support for connections of DN 50 to 100

For networks with diameters greater than 0.1 m, anchoring blocks must be executed.
concrete, as shown in Figure 10.

These blocks must be the subject of a specific project, according to ABNT NBR 13211, and must meet
regarding specifications related to shapes, concrete, reinforcements, and tendons.

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The design of the pipe and cap anchorages must consider the test pressures of the piping.

Figure 10 – Illustrative drawings of concrete anchorage blocks

The anchoring block must be designed so that the load-bearing capacity is taken into account.
of soil load that surrounds the piping.

Valves, air vents, or other devices must have an adequate foundation to avoid settlement and not
transmit forces to the piping.

The anchorage blocks and supports must be executed in such a way that they remain free together, allowing
the verification of water tightness, before the final layer of covering.

The leakage tests can only begin after the complete execution of all
the anchors of the section, whether definitive or temporary.

5.2 Aerial installations

The installation of expansion joints and/or must be planned in the assembly of the aerial piping.
of support systems that absorb any thermal expansions.

Steel or cast iron pipes must be externally coated as determined.

in the project. If there are no specifications in the project, the standard determined by must be met
company providing sanitation services or the standards set by the pipe manufacturer.

It is recommended that PVC, PVC-O, DEFOFO, PE or RFRP pipes not be installed under
direct sunlight.

If plastic pipes are installed in aerial installations, a specific project must be prepared.
and the following conditions must be considered:

a) in the case of using pipes that are not black in color, protection must be adopted against
the incidence of UV radiation;

b) analysis of the coefficient of thermal expansion and flexibility;

c) sizing of support brackets.

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In the aerial stretches, executed with cast iron pipes, the pipes must rest on
the concrete pillars placed behind the bags and held by collars that support the efforts
acting, as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11 - Aerial crossing

The support surface of the tube on the pillar must be properly prepared to ensure a good
contact, interposing mortar or any plastic material, for example, neoprene sheet, by
occasion of the settlement. Table 2 specifies the minimum widths provided for these pillars.

The contact surface between the plastic pipes and/or fittings and the pillars must be protected with
an inert material, for example, neoprene mat, capable of allowing the relative movement of the
surfaces and prevent the concentration of stresses in the piping. The external coating of the pipes
it must be flexible to absorb the stresses.

Table 2 – Minimum width of the columns

Tube Minimum width
(DN) m
50 to 200 0.15
250 to 600 0.30
700 to 900 0.45
1,000 to 1,200 0.60

In general, one pillar is expected for each tube; however, depending on the class of the tube and the value of the angle
support of the tube on the pillar, it is recommended to verify, through specialized calculations,
the behavior of the beam in bending, according to ABNT NBR 11185.

NOTE In the case of flanged joints, it is recommended to provide support for each joint.

In steel piping, the need for the installation of an insulating joint for protection must be verified.
cathodic, in the buried/overhead transition section.

In the buried/overhead transition in steel piping, the external coating must be reinforced by
application of polyethylene tape and the overlapping of aluminum tape with bituminous sealant on both
fitas, overlapping by 0.50 m at least, over the coating.

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5.3 Submerged installations

In submerged installations, the following conditions must be considered in a specific project:

a) buoyancy action;

b) action of forces due to the bottom currents that cause drag on the pipeline;

c) action of forces due to tidal variations and resulting from ocean wave currents;

d) soil bearing capacity;

e) sizing of the anchorage and supports.

5.4 Installation of piping in crossing of highways or railways

The installation of piping inside tunnels or sleeve pipes must be carried out through
of methods and equipment suitable for each type of crossing, as provided for in the project
previously approved. The project must include details such as: control boxes, drainage, protection
cathodic and possible support cradles.

In the assembly of pipelines in crossings with open trenches, it must be observed in the design that,
when executing under a gallery, excavation under its joints and the execution cannot be allowed
shoring is necessary when these galleries are supported on direct foundations. In the event
since they rely on stakes, it is not necessary to implement support. When executing
Flexible joint pipes must have all joints locked before
of the excavation completion.

5.5 Water supply systems

5.5.1 Water building connection executed by the destructive method

This service consists of the connection of the measuring unit or meter to the public network.
the installation of the water meter. It consists of a set of pipes, parts, connections, and volume meter
of consumption.

The easel or the measurement unit must follow the standard defined by the service provider.
of sanitation services, provided that, in the case of a plastic bracket, it must be installed
in a shelter aimed at protecting it from UV rays.

Antes do início dos serviços para execução da ligação de água, devem ser realizados todos
the administrative and technical procedures defined by the service provider company
of sanitation.

After the excavation and external cleaning services of the network tube at the location where it will be executed
the connection, the water outlet must be installed.

Later, install the branch pipe by connecting it to the header or measuring unit.

Deve ser efetuada uma descarga com água da rede, para limpeza do ramal antes de conectá-lo
to the easel or unit of measurement.

The sealing of the threads must be done by applying sealant tape, in such a way that it is achieved
the perfect sealing.

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In the case of the branch pipe being made of polyethylene, bending it to form curves is not allowed.
with a radius less than 25 times the corresponding external diameter (ED) and its launch
the inside of the trench must be done in such a way as not to strain it at the joint connections. It should be
wrap the pipe with a sand mattress of 0.05 m, and a layer of 0.10 m of sand above
at the upper generatrix of the tube.

The minimum cover of the fill over the upper generator of the connection pipe must be 0.50 m under
the paved carriageway is 0.70 m when there is no paving.

The width of the transverse trench corresponding to the connection must be as reduced as possible.
aiming to restrict the action of loads on accidental pipes. In general, it should not exceed
0.30 m on the roadway and 0.20 m on the sidewalk.

The backfill soil must be free of stones and sharp materials and have adequate quality, in case
On the contrary, the soil replacement must be provided. The compaction of the backfill must be done in layers.
of only a maximum thickness of 0.20 m, with a degree of compaction greater than or equal to 95%
of the normal Proctor test.

The degree of soil compaction must be verified through tests conducted by a professional.
specialized in technological control and according to ABNT NBR 7182.

5.5.2 Building water connection executed by the non-destructive method

For the execution of unidirectional percussion drilling, soft, the following should be adopted
procedure:

a) open the entrance well and the exit well;

b) position the drilling rig at the entry well, aligning it in the direction of the exit well;

c) to drill the hole between the two wells.

d) install the polyethylene tube using one of the following options:

Disconnect the drill from the compressed air hose and remove it from the outlet well;

connect the tube to the compressed air hose to pull the tube into the drilled hole;

connect the tube to the drill terminal and reverse the drilling direction, returning to
the entrance well;

install the tube manually after removing the compressed air hose, when the ground
allow

- connect to the drill and install simultaneously while the hole is being drilled, when the diameter
the inside of the tube allows the passage of the compressed air hose.

5.5.3 Installation of valves, discharges, devices for air elimination or absorption

The shut-off valves, regulating valves, reducing valves, check valves, discharge valves and devices for
Air elimination or absorption must be installed in junction boxes, as provided.
in project.

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The shut-off, regulating, reducing, check, discharge, and air release valves for
applications in polyethylene networks must be installed in junction boxes designed according to
the ABNT NBR 15802.

The boxes must allow for the assembly and disassembly of the equipment contained within them.
to have a lid sized for the load of local traffic, with access that allows maneuvering of the
equipment and must be provided with a drain to drain infiltrating water and leaks
or resulting from maintenance operations.

In the case where the network is installed under the water table, the boxes must be waterproof and anchored for
withstand the effects of the acting thrusts.

The installation of a valve must meet the following requirements:

a) to be housed in an appropriate and easily accessible box or installed as indicated in Figure 12,
always attending to the details of the executive project;

b) the box cannot transmit to the valve or piping forces resulting from traffic;

c) the box, when above the water table, must have a drain at the bottom;

d) the box must be centered in relation to the valve control head/wheel.

The project must indicate the locations and types of anchoring or bracing required; however,
as condições da obra podem requerer ancoragem ou atirantamento adicionais, que devem ter
the designer's consent.

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Legend

It is the course of the valve stem.

Figure 12 - Valve assembly diagrams

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5.5.4 Fire Hydrants

The hydrants must be manufactured according to the provisions of ABNT NBR 5667 (all parts) and all
The connections in cast iron must meetABNT NBR 7675. The hydrants must be sized.
at installation locations and capacity, according to ABNT NBR 12218.

The simple column hydrant must be supplied with the respective plugs and caps.

The complete column hydrant must be supplied with the respective plugs and caps.
and include a dissimilar curve with flanges, a nodular cast iron gate valve (ductile) with
rubberized flanged gasket and the following accessories:

a) the ductile cast iron connections, provided with complete column hydrants, must be
manufactured according to ABNT NBR 7675, and the wedge gate valves with rubberized wedge
must be manufactured in accordance with ABNT NBR 14968;

b) the flat face rubber washers, when supplied together with the hydrants must
to be made of elastomer that meets the specifications in ABNT NBR 7676;

c) hexagon head screw, hex nuts and washers for fixing the flanges,
supplied together with hydrants and ductile iron connections, must be made of galvanized steel
to fire. When recommended, stainless steel can be used, according to ABNT NBR 5601.

The quantity of screws to be provided depends on the number of holes in the flanges, and should be
A nut and two washers are provided for each screw.

The hydrants must be installed according to Figures 13 and 14 or manufacturer's instructions.

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Figure 13 - Column hydrant installation

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Figure 14 - Installation of underground hydrant

5.5.5 Interconnections of water networks and pipelines

As interligações devem ser realizadas de acordo com as diretrizes propostas pela empresa prestadora
sanitation services and that are in accordance with the types of union and compatible with
the existing pipes, according to the available technical records.

Every connection must contain, between the existing pipeline and the new one, a control valve for flushing.
and disinfection of the new pipeline, which can be removed after the operation.

Every interconnection, immediately after its completion, must be registered, according to 4.2.12.

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5.5.6 Leak testing

5.5.6.1 PVC Pipes

The verification of the tightness of the network must be conducted according to ABNT NBR 9650.

5.5.6.2 Polyethylene pipes

The verification of the watertightness of the network must be executed in accordance with ABNT NBR 15952.

5.5.6.3 Cast Iron Pipes

The verification of the tightness of the network must be carried out in accordance with ABNT NBR 9650.

5.6 Sanitary sewer systems

5.6.1 Building sewage connection

This service consists of the execution of the connection of the sewage collector network to the inspection chamber.
of the property according to the specifications of the sanitation service provider.

Before the start of services for the execution of the sewage connection, all must be carried out
the administrative and technical procedures defined by the service provider company
of sanitation.

The connection of the branch to the network must be made as follows:

a) through the use of a saddle type connection, in loaded networks;

b) by using a T-type connection, in the new networks carried out along with the collector, positioned
or T-shaped in order to ensure perpendicularity to the building alignment, at the connection point with
the internal building branch, under the threshold.

The pipes used in the execution of the branch must comply with the applicable Brazilian Standards, according to 4.1.

The hole in the network under load must be sufficient for the proper penetration of the seatpost guide.
in the collector tube.

The airtightness at the saddle connection to the network must be done according to a process recommended by
manufacturer.

The building branches extended from the interspersed derivations in the collection network piping.
They must be at least DN 100 and have a minimum slope of 2%.

The standard branch should preferably be provided with two 45º bends and sufficient column to allow
the connection of the link with the end of the internal branch under the threshold, ensuring the slope
minimum of 2%. This concept is a function of the collector's depth and its distance from the sill.

When the collector-to-threshold distance and/or collector depth conditions are critical, maintained
with a minimum slope of 2%, the 45º curves can be replaced by a 90º curve.

The installation of the branch pipes must be done in such a way as to obtain full support from the lower generator.
the pipe at the bottom of the trench, expecting additional excavation to accommodate the projection of the pouch.

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The pipes must be laid out in a way that maintains the linearity of the axes, as provided for in this
Documento.

Wrap the piping with a sand mattress of 0.05 m, and a layer of 0.10 m of sand on top.
from the upper generator of the tube.

The joints must be executed according to the material used and in accordance with the recommendations.
from the manufacturer.

The width of the transverse ditch up to the sill must be a maximum of 0.50 m from the excavation on
the collector.

The minimum covering of the landfill over the upper generator of the connection pipe must be 0.50 m.
o leito carroçável pavimentado e de 0,70 m quando não houver pavimentação.

The backfill soil must be free of stones and sharp materials of adequate quality.
Otherwise, the soil replacement must be arranged. The compaction of the backfill must be done.
in soil layers of a maximum thickness of 0.20 m, with a degree of compaction greater than or equal to
a 95% of the normal proctor test.

5.6.2 Inspection and visitation wells

Inspection and visit wells (PV) must be built or installed in the positions
indicated in the project, in accordance with ABNT NBR 9649, ABNT NBR 12207,
ABNT NBR 16085 and guidelines from the sanitation service provider company.

When not defined in the project, the distance between consecutive PV and PI should be limited to the range.
of obstruction and cleaning equipment.

The inspection or access pits can be executed or manufactured using the following
materials:

a) brick or concrete block masonry;

b) pre-cast concrete pipes;

cast-in-place concrete;

precast concrete according to ABNT NBR 16085; or

PVC polyethylene or polypropylene.

5.6.2.1 Constituent parts

Basically the PV and PI in masonry; pre-cast concrete pipes, pre-cast concrete

The cast-in-place concrete consists of the following parts:

background slab;

work chamber or balloon, this dimension must be defined by the service provider
sanitation services, which can be 0.60 m for PI and vary from 0.80 m to 1.50 m for PV;

transition piece, for example, upper slab;

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access chamber or chimney;

- slab; and

— plug.

In the case of PI, they are composed solely of: bottom slab, working chamber, slab, and cap.

5.6.2.2 General requirements

Regardless of the manufacturing material, inspection wells (IW) and inspection pits (IP) must
to be installed considering the following criteria:

a) when the inlet and outlet piping of the PV show a difference in level greater than 0.50 m,
upon arrival at the PV, a drop pipe must be executed, as established in
ABNT NBR 9649 and ABNT NBR 12207.

b) at the discretion of the sanitation service provider, the head or end PV and PI
dry, as well as those used in the division of long sections, can be replaced by piping
called cleaning terminal (TL).

c) when the wall of the PV, PI or bottom slab cannot support the anticipated traffic load, the frame
the cap must be placed on a base independent of the PV chimney wall.

5.6.2.3 Inspection and visit wells in concrete or masonry

When not defined in the project, the execution of visit wells (PV) and inspection wells (PI)
in masonry, precast concrete pipes and cast-in-place concrete must meet the following
requirements:

a) the bottom slab must be executed in reinforced concrete, with a minimum thickness of 0.15 m,
supported on a bed of gravel or coarse gravel, executed after the leveling of the bottom
from the cave. When the land requires it and at the discretion of the service provider
For sanitation, the slab must be supported on an adequate foundation, such as piles or stones.
by hand etc.

On the bottom slab, the necessary gutters or channels must be constructed, in accordance
with the arrival and departure collectors. The platform corresponding to the remaining bottom.
The well, also called a banquette or cushion, must have a slope of 10% for the channels.
The gutters and the curbs must be coated with cement and sand mortar, in the mix
1:3, smoothed and burned by spoon.

The walls of the working chamber or balloon, access chamber or chimney, must:

in the case of visit wells and inspection wells made of brick or block masonry
concretely: to have the walls coated with a mixture of cement and sand, in the ratio 1:3,
externally and internally smoothed and burned with a spoon.

the working chamber or balloon of the PV: to have a height that allows work inside it
in satisfactory conditions. The working chamber or balloon should have, when possible, a
minimum free height, in relation to the bench, of 2 m.

In the case of PV: once the work chamber or balloon is finished, regarding the backing.
from the masonry, the top of the last concrete ring or the concrete wall will be placed
a transition piece, for example, reinforced concrete slab or frustum-shaped piece, with

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eccentric or not opening, measuring 0.60 m, facing upstream, so that its center is
located on the axis of the main collector.

NOTE 1 Coinciding with this opening, the access chamber or masonry chimney will be executed.
of bricks or concrete blocks, pre-cast concrete pipes or concrete molded on site, according to the type
The chimney will have a diameter of 0.60 m and a variable height of up to 1 m, reaching the public road.
with a height clearance necessary for placing the cap.

NOTE 2 The chimney will only exist when the pit grade is at a depth greater than
at 2.50 m. For shallower depths, the inspection well will be limited to the working chamber, remaining
the plug directly supported on the transition piece (slab), which will be sized to support the load
of traffic.

in the case of PV, regarding the masonry support, the concrete wall or the last tube
from the chimney and in the case of PI regarding the support of the work chamber, the slab will be placed
and the cast iron cover, suitable for sidewalks or for the bed of the roadways,
as specified in ABNT NBR 10160 or according to the model adopted by the company
of sanitation service provision.

For PV and PI executed in precast concrete, the specified requirements must be met.
in ABNT NBR 16085.

For PV and PI in cast in place concrete, the executing company of the work must provide the project.
the specifications necessary for rebar, mix, concrete strength, and finishing of
internal and external faces.

5.6.2.4 Inspection and access pits in plastic material

The visit wells (PV) and inspection wells (PI) made of plastic can be manufactured
in polyethylene, PVC or polypropylene, which can be produced in modules or as a whole (single piece).

When using PVC or PP polyethylene, PVC or polypropylene, all technical requirements

constructive elements must comply with the specifications of the service provider company
of sanitation.

In the case of manholes (MH) and inspection chambers (IC) produced in modules, by rotational molding
an injection, basically these are composed of the following parts:

a) base, where in the manufacture of the base channels or ducts must be provided, necessary,
in accordance with the arrival and departure collectors;

b) elevator;

c) cone, (which may or may not exist);

d) level adjustment extender;

concrete ring;

telescopic;

plug.

In the case of PV produced as a single piece, by rotomolding or injection, the mold of the piece is produced.
integrating all the parts mentioned earlier, forming a single piece.

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5.6.3 Cleaning terminal (TL)

The TL must ensure all necessary conditions for access to the equipment, aiming to
the cleaning of the section downstream of the network.

The TL can be used, in place of the PI, in the following cases:

a) at the meeting of up to two segments to the collector (two inputs and one output);

b) at points with a height gradient of less than 0.50 m;

c) downstream of building connections whose contributions may cause maintenance problems.

The distance between TL, consecutive, must be limited by the reach of the equipment for clearance.

The coating cannot be less than specified in the project, taking into account the location on the bed.
from traffic lane or sidewalk. Smaller coatings must be justified.

5.6.4 Junction box (JB)

CP can be used in place of PI for changes in direction, slope, material, and diameter.
when step suppression is possible, provided it is planned in the project or authorized by the company
sanitation service provider.

The distance between consecutive CPs must be limited by the range of the equipment for unblocking.

As CP can be replaced when authorized or defined by the service provider.

of sanitation through connections at changes in direction and slope, when the deflections coincide
with those pieces.

The bottom of the CP must be made up of channels intended to guide the incoming flows towards
At the exit. Laterally, the channels must have a height corresponding to the upper generatrix of the outlet pipe.

The positions of the CP and the connections used must be registered.

5.6.5 Joint testing

Once the piping is laid, lateral wrapping is completed and before filling the trench, it must be
the leak test of the joints should be provided through a hydrostatic test.

Leak tests should preferably be carried out between two consecutive PVs.

The tests are conducted with water after the downstream end of the section is closed.
and the derivations or ends of the connection branches of the buildings. The collector is filled through
of the amount PV, trying to eliminate all the air from the piping and raise the water to the edge
superior of the PV.

Although it is not desirable, however, it is at the exclusive discretion of the service provider company
sanitation, the hydrostatic test can be replaced by a smoke test, in which case,
the joints will be fully exposed.

The joints that present leakage must be redone.

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Annex A
(regulatory)

Storage, handling and transport of materials

A.1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U, PVC DEFOFO, and PVC-O) pipes

Appropriate precautions must be taken during storage, handling, and transportation, to
ensure that the tubes are not damaged.

A.1.1 Storage
The tubes must be stacked on flat surfaces that are free of objects.
sharp points, stones or projections, to avoid deformities or damage.

Preferably, the following types of stacking should be used:

A.1.1.2.1 stacking with side supports: using spaced side supports

at most 1.5 m. The side supports can be wooden beams with a minimum of 0.05 m
in width, as shown in Figure A.1.

Figure A.1 - Schematic of tube stacking

A.1.1.2.2 Stacking in bonfires, carried out through the use of longitudinal crossing
two tubes for tying the piles, without the use of side supports.

Any other method used in stacking must not cause damage to

tubes.

A.1.1.3 The maximum stacking height must be 1.5 m, regardless of the diameter.

A.1.1.4 The first layer of pipes must be supported on rigid elements, with spacing
maximum of 1.5 m. The tubes must be stacked with the bags and the ends alternated, as per

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shown in Figure A.2. Each layer must be composed of juxtaposed and alternately arranged tubes
oriented in such a way that the bags completely protruded from the ends of the other tubes.

Figure A.2 - Stacking - Support of the first layer of tubes and free bags
A.1.1.5 Tubes of different diameters must be stacked separately. When this is not
If possible, larger nominal diameter tubes should be placed at the bottom of the stack.

A.1.1.6 Exposure to weather elements, especially ultraviolet rays for prolonged periods,
It can alter the impact resistance during the transportation and handling of the pipes and the lifespan of the rings.
In this way, in the case of storage for a period exceeding six months, the tubes must be
covered.

NOTE Exposure to the elements does not alter the tensile strength properties and the modulus.
of the elasticity of the pipes.

A.1.1.7 The protection of the pipes must be carried out by a fixed covering structure, by
example, tiles, woods, or by the use of flexible screens, for example, monofilament screen
of high-density polyethylene with carbon black and a shading percentage of 80%. Any
Regardless of the system used, there must be a minimum space of 0.50 m between the upper layer of pipes.
and the coverage, as shown in Figure A.3.

FigureA.3 – Protection forstoring exposed tubes formore than six months

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A.1.1.8 Pipes, fittings, valves, and accessories must be stored away from sources
of heat, also needing to be placed away from contact with other potential risks, such as
fuels, paints or solvents.

A.1.2 Handling

A.1.2.1 The tubes must be transported and handled in a way that avoids damage due to falls.
or drag currents. See Figure A.4.

Figure A.4 - Transport and handling of the tubes

A.1.2.2 If manual transportation is used, the process must comply with the legislation.
valid.

The pipes must be moved vertically using non-metallic straps.

and non-cutting, for example, canvas or sisal. Steel cables, hooks cannot be used.
or metal chains.

A.1.2.4 If the tubes are stored or transported nested inside each other, that is,
smaller diameter tubes inserted inside larger diameter tubes, the internal tubes must
to be removed first and stacked separately.

A.1.3 Transport

A.1.3.1 If vehicles are used, the truck bed platform must be free of nails
and other projections. The tubes must be evenly spaced along the entire length of the platform.

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The tubes must be stacked with the bags and the ends alternated so that
the bags completely protruded from the ends of the other tubes, as well as the bags and ends
they cannot be supported.

A.1.3.3 Vehicles must be equipped with side supports spaced a maximum of 2 m apart.
The supports must be flat and without edges with sharp corners. See Figure A.5.

Figure A.5 – Example of side supports

A.1.3.4 The tubes must not be loose during their transportation. The tubes must be adjacent.
and alternately oriented, so that the bags completely protruded from the ends of the
others and do not receive loads from the other tubes, according to A.1.1.2.2.

Heavier pipes should be stacked below lighter pipes.

The pipes must be away from any vehicle exhaust system and from any
other risk factors, such as paints, solvents, or fuels.

A.2 polyethylene tubes

A.2.1 Transportation and handling

The vehicles used must have dimensions compatible with the length of the tubes.
to be transported and its transport platform must be free of sharp objects
or cutting.

A.2.1.2 To secure loads during transport, chains cannot be used.

and metal straps, ropes or steel cables. Only non-metallic straps should be used.
of large mesh or materials that do not damage the pipes and connections.

A.2.1.3 For moving loads, cranes and/or inclined planes may be used.
avoiding falls and impacts.

A.2.1.4 The movement must be done with the tube suspended or on rollers.

A.2.1.5 Polyethylene pipes with SDR 32.25 and an external diameter (ED) ≥ 1 m must have their
extremities protected by devices that prevent ovalization and do not damage the surface
internal of the tubes, until the moment of their installation.

A.2.2 Storage

A.2.2.1 Tubes and connections must not be exposed to heat sources, such as exhausts
of vehicles and aggressive chemical agents, such as solvents.

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The storage location must be flat, dry, clean, free of stones, and objects.
sharp or cutting.

Coiled tubes can be stored in a horizontal position, in stacks with a height

maximum of 1.80 m, or in the vertical position.

A.2.2.4 The height for storing pipes in bars must be a maximum of 1.80 m
or in up to 12 layers (whichever is smaller).

A.2.2.5 The non-black pipes and connections cannot be stored in locations subject to
the weather conditions for a period longer than six months. In the case of storage exceeding six months,
It is recommended to store the pipes and fittings in protected locations; Figure A.6 presents examples.
of these storage facilities.

Figure A.6 – Examples of pipe storage

NOTE Black pipes do not require protection against the elements during storage.

A.2.2.6 During storage until final installation, the pipes must remain plugged.
by devices that prevent the entry of foreign bodies.

A.3 Cast iron pipes

A.3.1 Storage of the tubes

Storage should be done in stacks and meet the following recommendations:

a) the storage area must be flat. The soil cannot be swampy, unstable, or loaded.
of corrosive debris;

b) do not mix pipes of different diameters in the same stack;

The storage time must be minimal to preserve the action coatings.

prolonged exposure to the sun and the risks of damage from constant rain;

The spacers and wedges used to form the stacks must be made of durable wood.
and of good quality.

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A.3.1.1Formation of the batteries

A.3.1.1.1 Method No. 1

The stack is formed by superimposed layers, alternating the orientation of the pockets in each layer.
two tubes, as shown in Figure A.7, meeting the following:

a) the tubes of the first layer are placed on two parallel wooden boards, located
1 meter from the ends of the pipes and must follow the following:

the tube bags are juxtaposed and all must be oriented in the same direction. They
they cannot remain in contact with the ground;

the bodies of the tubes are parallel and maintained in this position by means of spacers of size
suitable to be placed between the tips;

the first and the last tube of the layer are shoeed by means of strong wedges nailed in
boards, one at each end of the tube;

the tubes of the second layer are placed between the tubes of the first, but with their bags
voltadas para o lado oposto, e de tal modo que o início das bolsas seja posicionado a 0,10 m além
the ends of the tubes of the lower layer. Thus, the bodies of the tubes are in contact since
the tip up to 0.10 m from the beginning of the bag;

c) the same procedure is adopted with successive layers. Table A.1 specifies the number
maximum recommended layer for each class and tube diameter.

Figure A.7 - Stack of overlay layers

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Table A.1 – Storage height of the pipes

Maximum number of layers in stack formation

Method No. 1 Method No. 2

Diameter
Nominal Tubes of Tubes of Tubes of Tubes of
DN classes class classes class
K-7, K-6 and 1 MPa K-9 K-7, K-6 and 1 MPa K-9
50 80 89 30 33
75 65 70 28 30
100 58 58 27 27
150 40 40 22 22
200 31 31 18 18
250 25 25 16 16
300 21 21 14 14
350 18 18 12 12
400 15 16 11 11
500 10 12 8 8
600 7 10 6 7
700 5 7 4 5
800 4 6 3 4
900 4 5 3 4
1,000 3 4 2 3
1,200 2 3 2 2

A.3.1.1.2 Method No. 2

The battery is made up of overlapping layers, with all the pockets of all the tubes
in all layers are facing the same side, as shown in Figure A.8.
The successive layers are separated by wooden spacers whose thickness is specified.
in Table A.2, being that:

a) the pipes of the first layer are placed as described in method no. 1;

b) the tubes of the other layers are placed on top of the spacers;

c) both the spacers and the pockets of the various layers must be aligned vertically;

The first and last tube of each layer must be fitted like those of the first layer.

NOTE 1 Table A.1 specifies the maximum number of layers recommended for each class and diameter
of tube.

NOTE 2 This method is the most recommended for storing large diameter pipes.

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Figure A.8 - Stacked superimposed layers - Bags on the same side

Table A.2 – Thickness of spacers

Nominal diameter Thickness Nominal diameter Thickness
(DN) mm (DN) mm
50 55 400 75
75 65 500 80
100 70 600 85
150 75 700 85
200 80 800 90
250 85 900 95
300 80 1 000 110
350 75 1,200 135

A.3.1.1.3 Method No. 3

The stack is composed of overlapping layers, with the tubes of each layer arranged with
Your bags turned alternately to one side and the other.

Moreover, the consecutive two-layer tubes are perpendicular, for example, storage.
in a square shape or 'in a bonfire', as shown in Figure A.9, where:

a) the first layer the tubes must be stored as follows:

— placed as in the two previous methods, on top of two boards;

NOTE For diameters from DN 50 to DN 150, with a length of 6.0 m, use three panels instead
of two.

the bags are alternately turned to one side and the other, with the beginning of each
one positioned 0.05 m from the end of the neighboring tubes;

the bodies of the tubes must be in contact;

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the first and the last tube must be fitted with wedges,

b) in the second layer, the pipes should be stored arranged in the same way, however
perpendicular to the pipes of the first row.

c) from then on the same procedure is adopted, so that the paving of the first
and the last tube of each layer is ensured by the tubes' own bags
from the immediately lower layer

NOTE 1 Table A.1 specifies the recommended number of layers for each class and pipe diameter.

NOTE 2 This method minimizes the expenditure of paving wood, but requires movement.
the tubes one by one. This is not a very advisable method, as it presents risks of damage.
of the external coating due to the point contact of the pipes, stacked directly on top of each other.

Figure A.9 - Stack of superimposed layers with alternated side pockets

A.3.2 Storage and use timeframe of rubber rings

A.3.2.1 Storage

For rubber artifacts (rings for elastic and mechanical joints, washers for joints
flanges, etc.) do not lose their quality, effectiveness, and durability, try to store them in a way that
the following recommendations are met:

a) the storage temperature should be situated between 5 °C and 25 °C, as far as possible;

b) avoid direct sunlight or artificial light when rich in ultraviolet rays;

c) avoid storage in damp or excessively dry places; isolate them from the ambient air
and the particularly dangerous action of ozone.

A.3.2.2 Usage period

A.3.2.2.1The maximum deadline for the dispatch of rubber artifacts is three years after manufacturing.

A.3.2.2.2 Since the storage is done according to the previous recommendations, it is considered
as a reasonable limit of use, a period of six years after manufacture.

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A.3.3 Storage of the valves

The valves should be stored in sheltered locations and they should only be taken to the work site.
at the time of its installation.

A.4 Concrete tubes

A.4.1 Download

It must be carried out with all necessary precautions for the safety of the workers.
and in order to avoid damage to the concrete pipes and their accessories, the following should be observed:

a) the contractor must promptly provide the location, devices, and equipment
eventually necessary for unloading and storage of the material;

b) the discharge must be carried out with the appropriate equipment according to the diameter or section
the weight of the material, preferably as close as possible to the place of application, in such a way
to avoid successive manipulations;

c) the pipes cannot be rolled from the truck towards the ground, whether using planks
made of wood or directly launched, and cannot be dragged, so that they are not damaged;

The concrete pipes must be unloaded with appropriate equipment, such as a cable.
of steel, nylon tape, scissors, hooks, etc., avoiding mechanical and dimensional damage due to
shock, and that it cannot, under any circumstances, hook the tubes by the inner diameter;

In case the concrete pipes are suspended, all precautions must be taken.
necessary to prevent blows between the pieces or against the ground;

The rubber rings must be disposed of properly packaged.

A.4.2 Storage

The executor of the work must designate flat, clean areas free of stones or protruding objects.
suitable for the storage of concrete pipes.

The material must be stored in a way that keeps it clean and prevents its
contamination or degradation, mainly of the rubber rings, which must be stored
protected from heat, sunlight, oil and grease.

The pipes should preferably be stored in a vertical position. When there is a need
for horizontal storage, the tubes must be supported on isolated points on the
extremities, complying with the description in ABNT NBR 8890, with the maximum stacking height
cannot exceed the values specified in Table A.3.

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Table A.3 – Stacking Height – Concrete Pipes

Dimensions in millimeters
Maximum stacking height
Nominal diameter
Number of tube stacks
(DN)
300 to 400 4
500 to 600 3
700 to 1,000 2
> 1,000 1

When the tubes are stored stacked, they must be blocked for safety reasons.
of security.

The pipes cannot be stored close to the trench opening site.

In the case of the pipes being unloaded aligned along the side of the trench, they must be
placed on the opposite side from the location of placement of the material from the excavation.

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Annex B
(regulatory)

Width and depth of ditches, wells, and pits

The width of the trench for sewage and water works, depending on the diameter of the pipe and the level.
of cut (depth of the trench), are specified in Tables B1 and B2.

Table B.1 - Trench width for sewage work (continued)

Dimensions in meters

Diameter Quota of Width of the trench depending on the type of shoring and cutting level
nominal cut
Continuous and Metallic-
(DN) h Pontaletes Special
discontinuous madeira
0≤h<2 0.65 0.65 0.75 -
100 2≤h<4 0.75 0.85 1.05 -
e
150 4≤h<6 0.85 1.05 1.35 -
6≤h<8 0.95 1.25 1.65 -
0≤h<2 0.70 0.70 0.80 -
2≤h<4 0,80 0.90 1.10 1.75
200
4≤h<6 0.90 1.10 1.40 1.90
6≤h<8 1.00 1.30 1.70 2,05
0≤h<2 0.80 0.80 0.90 -
250 2≤h<4 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.85
e
300 4≤h<6 1.00 1.20 1.50 2.00
6≤h<8 1.10 1.40 1.80 2.15
0≤h<2 0.90 1.10 1.20 -
350 2≤h<4 1.00 1.30 1.50 2.15
e
400 4≤h<6 1,10 1.50 1.80 2.30
6≤h<8 1.20 1.70 2.10 2.45
0≤h<2 1.00 1.15 1.25 -
2≤h<4 1.10 1.35 1.55 2.25
450
4≤h<6 1.20 1.55 1.85 2.40
6≤h<8 1.30 1.75 2.15 2,55

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Table B.1 (conclusion)

Diameter Quota of Width of the trench based on the type of shoring and cutting level
nominal cut
Continuous and Metallic-
(DN) h Pontaletes Special
discontinuous madeira
0≤h<2 1.10 1.30 1.40 -
2≤h<4 1.20 1.50 1.70 2.35
500
4≤h<6 1.30 1.70 2.00 2.50
6≤h<8 1.40 1.90 2.30 2.65
0≤h<2 1.20 1.40 1.50 -
2≤h<4 1.30 1.60 1.80 2.45
600
4≤h<6 1.40 1.80 2.10 2.60
6≤h<8 1.50 2.00 2.40 2.75
0≤h<2 1.30 1.50 1.60 -
2≤h<4 1.40 1.70 1.90 2.55
700
4≤h<6 1.50 1.90 2.20 2,70
6≤h<8 1.60 2.10 2.50 2.85
0≤h<2 1.40 1.60 1.70 -
2≤h<4 1.50 1.80 2.00 2.65
800
4≤h<6 1.60 2.00 2.30 2.80
6≤h<8 1.70 2.20 2.60 2.90
0≤h<2 1.50 1.70 1.80 -
2≤h<4 1.60 1.90 2.10 2.75
900 4≤h<6 1.70 2,10 2.40 2.90
6≤h<8 1.80 2.30 2.70 3,05
0≤h<2 1,60 1.80 1.90 -
2≤h<4 1.70 2.00 2.0 2.85
1,000
4≤h<6 1.80 2.20 2.50 3,00
6≤h<8 1.90 2.40 2.80 3.15

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Table B.2 – Trench width for water works

Dimensions in meters
Width of the trench depending on the type of shoring and elevation
Diameter Quota of of cut
nominal cut
(DN) h Continuous and Metallic
Pontaletes Special
discontinuous madeira
50 to 75 0 to 2 0.65 0.70 0.80
1.30
100 to 150 2 0.75 0.85 0.95
0 to 2 0.70 0.75 0.85
200 1.35
2 0.80 0.90 1.00
0 to 2 0.75 0.80 0.90
250 1.40
2 0.85 0.95 1.15
300 0 to 2 0.80 0.85 0.95
1.45
350 2 0.90 1.10 1.20
400 0 to 2 0.90 1.00 1.10
1.60
450 2 1.00 1.20 1.30
0 to 2 1.00 1.15 1.25
500 1.75
2 1.20 1.30 1.45
0 to 2 1.15 1.25 1.35
600 1.85
2 1.30 1.45 1.65
0 to 2 1.30 1.50 1.60
700 2.05
2 1.40 1.70 1.90
0 to 2 1.40 1.60 1.70
800 2.15
2 1.50 1.80 2.00
900 2 1.60 1.90 2.05 2.25
1,000 a 2 1.70 2.00 2.10 2.35
1,000 b 2 2.00 2,10 2.20 2.40
1,200 a 2 - - - 2.40
1,200 b 2 - - - 2.60
1,500 b 2 - - - 2.85
1 800 b 2 - - - 3.15
2,100 b 2 - - - 3.45
2,500 b 2 - - - 3.90
a They refer to the widths of trenches for cast iron pipes.
b They refer to the widths of trenches for steel pipes.

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The characteristics of the trenches must be studied individually, in case of necessity.

of using pipes with nominal diameters different from those described in Tables B1 and B2.

In all excavation services, the contractor must meet the requirements.

from ABNT NBR 9061.

The minimum depth of the trenches must be determined so that the coverage of the pipes
meet the conditions specified in Table B.3 for water supply systems
and in Table B.4 for sewage and urban drainage systems.

Table B.3 - Pipe coverage by pavement type (water systems)

Dimensions in meters
Type of pavement Coating
Birds on a walk 0.70
Lanes under paved road or with defined grading by curbs and gutters 1.00
Valas under land or with undefined ridge 1.20

Table B.4 – Coverage of pipelines by type of pavement (sewage systems and

drainage
Dimensions in meters
Type of pavement Coating
Vals over the sidewalk 0,80
Valley on paved road or with defined gradient by curb and gutter 1.00
Blades either via land or with undefined grass 1.20

The dimensions of singularities in sewage systems must comply with

specified in Table B.5.

Table B.5 – Dimensions of singularities

Dimensions in meters
Depth of singularities
Type of singularities Up to 1.60 Up to 3.00 From 3.01 to 5.00 From 5.01 to 7.00

Dimensions of singularities
Inspection well 1.80× 1.80 - - -
Cleaning terminal - 0.80× 0.80 1.10× 1,10 1.40× 1.40
Inspection well 1.00 m - 2.20× 2.20 2.50× 2.50 2.80× 2.80
Inspection well 1.20 m - 2.40× 2.40 2.70× 2,70 3.00× 3.00

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Annex C
(regulatory)

Types of shoring

The figures below indicate the main types of shoring according to 4.2.7.2.

C.1 Wooden shoring structure - Type piling

Dimensions in centimeters

Figure C.1 – Wooden Shoring – Shoring Type

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C.2 Wood shoring structure – Discontinuous type

Dimensions in centimeters

Figure C.2 - Wooden Shoring - Discontinuous Type

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C.3 Wooden shoring structure - Continuous type

Dimensions in centimeters

Figure C.3 - Wooden support - Continuous type

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C.4 Wooden support structure - Special type

Dimensions in centimeters

Figure C.4 - Wooden Shoring - Special Type

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C.5 Shoring structure - Metal and/or wood type

Dimensions in centimeters

Figure C.5 - Bracing - Metal and/or wood type

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Annex D
(regulatory)

Types of pipe support, encasement and backfilling

Figures D.1 to D.15 indicate the types of pipe support, encasement, and backfilling considering
the type of pipe and the local conditions, as per 4.2.9.

Figure D.1 - Direct Support

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Figure D.2 – Support on soil layer

Figure D.3 – Support on a bed of fine granular material (sand)

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Figure D.4 - Support on a bed of fine granular material (sand) and partial lateral encasement

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Figure D.5 - Support on gravel ballast

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Figure D.6 - Support on concrete slab and cradle with foundation

Figure D.7 - Slab on rubble stone (foundation)

Figure D.8 - Slab over stone foundation (foundation)

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Figure D.9 - Slab over pile (foundation)

Figure D.10 – Support on a bed of fine granular material

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Figure D.11 – Support on a bed of fine granular material

Figure D.12 – Support on gravel ballast

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Figure D.13 – Support on slab and concrete cradle with foundation

Figure D.14 – Slab on gravel ballast (foundation)

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Figure D.15 - Support on a bed of fine granular material

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Annex E
(regulatory)

Requirements for the execution of the enclosure and unified system

the classification of soils (SUCS)

The requirements for executing the enclosure and assigning group symbols are presented below.
the classification of soils in the unified system.

E.1 The criteria for assigning group symbols regarding the unified classification system
The only standards applicable to this Document are specified in Table E.2. Figure E.5 presents
the graphical representation of the correlation between liquidity limits and plasticity index.

E.2 The first layer of the envelope, as shown in Figure E.1, must consist of
of SW and SP type soils, according to this Annex, free of any sharp elements or stones, and having
the height specified in Table E.1.

Table E.1 – Height of the envelope layers according to the nominal diameter of the tube

Nominal diameter Height of the envelope layers

(mm) (m)
50 to 300 0.5× DE
> 300 0.15
E.3 It is necessary to ensure full filling between the cradle and the lower boundary surface.
of the piping.

Figure E.1 – First layer of the envelope

E.4 The second layer or the other layers of the envelope necessary until it is reached
the upper generator of the tube, as shown in Figure E.2, must consist of soil
of the SW and SP type, according to this Appendix, free of any sharp elements or stone, with
height as specified in Table E.1, and compressed as defined in E.6. The compression
it must be alternated in relation to each side of the trench and cannot be applied over the pipe.

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Figure E.2 - Other layers of the envelope

E.5 For the traffic condition, place two layers of soil of type SP or SW, as per this
Anexo, isento de qualquer elemento pontiagudo ou pedra, com altura de 0,15 m acima da geratriz
upper part of the tube, as shown in Figure E.3, and compact each of them as defined
In E.6. For leisure and other conditions without traffic, only one layer should be applied.
0.15 m above the upper generatrix, as shown in Figure E.4, compacted as defined
in E.6.

E.6 Preferably compact each of the piping envelope layers with

hydraulic densification or alternatively with feet or manual sockets.

Figure E.3 – Envelope for traffic condition

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Figure E.4 – Envelope for walking conditions under other traffic conditions
E.7 Do not use clay or peat in direct contact with the tube.

E.8 Do not coat the pipes directly with concrete, as the coating of the pipe in concrete
would transform the tube-concrete set into a rigid system, with no resistance to bending, resulting in
at risk of pipeline rupture with structural settlement.

E.9 The criteria for the assignment of group symbols regarding the unified classification system
The only applicable standards to this Document are specified in Tables E.2 and E.3. Figure E.5 presents
the graphical representation of the correlation between liquidity limits and plasticity index.

Table E.2 - Criteria for the assignment of group symbols (continued)

Symbol
Criteria for the assignment of group symbols
of group

Pebbles C
Pebbles C≥u 4 and 1≤ C≤ 3c GW
cigars
Less than 5% C<u 4 and/or
GP
of fine grains a 1> C>c 3 C
More than 50%
from the fraction Pebbles IP< 4 or represented below
GM
withholding tax with fines from line "A" (figure E5)
Thick solos
on sieve No. 4 More than 12%
More than 50% IP> 7 is represented in the ou
of fine grains GC
of material a,d above line 'A' (figure E5)
retained in
sieve number 200

Sands Pure sands C≥u 6 and 1≤ C≤ 3c C SW

50% or more
of the fraction Less than 5% C<u 6 and/or
SP
gross passes of fine b 1> C>c 3 C
on sieve number 4

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Table E.2 (conclusion)

Symbol
Criteria for assigning group symbols
of group

Thick solos Sands with IP< 4 or represented below

50% or more of SM
More than 50% fines from line "A" (Figure E.5)
thick fraction
of material pass them on IP> 7 is represented
held in More than 12%
sieve number 4 at or above the line 'A' SC
sieve no. 200 of fine b,d
(Figure E.5)
IP> 7 is represented
at or above line 'A' CL
da (Figura E.5)
Inorganic
Silts and clays IP< 4 is represented below
ML
LL< 50 from line 'A' of (Figure E.5)
LL dry in the greenhouse/ LL
Fine solos Organic not dry< 0.75 (Zone OL OL
50% or more from Figure E.5)
they pass on
sieve number 200 IP represented at or above
CH
from line "A" of (Figure E.5)
Inorganic
Silts and clays IP represented below
MH
LL≥ 50 from line 'A' of (Figure E.5)
LL dry in the greenhouse/LL
Organic not dry<0.75 (Zone OH) OH
from Figure E.5)
Primarily organic material of dark color and odor
Highly organic solos
organic
NOTE 1 LL is the abbreviation for liquidity limit.
NOTA 2 IP is the abbreviation for plasticity index.
a Gravel with 5% to 12% fines requires the double symbols: GW-GM, GW-GC, GP-GM, GP-GC.
b Sands with 5% to 12% fines require double symbols: SW-SM, SW-SC, SP-SM, SP-SC.
c Sands with 5% to 12% fines require double symbols: SW-SM, SW-SC, SP-SM, SP-SC.
d See you= D60 / D10. Cc= (D30)2/ (D60× D10)
e See 4≤ IP≤ 7 e is represented in the hatched area in Figure E.5, use the double symbol GC-GM or SC-ML
f If 4≤ IP≤ 7 e represented in the hatched area in Figure E.5, use the double symbol CL-ML

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Table E.3 - Soil Classification

Class Type Symbol Typical names
Gravel and mixtures of
sand and gravel well
GW
graduates with little or
Boulder no fine material
Pebbles
clean Pea gravel and sand mixtures
(50% or more
from the fraction and poorly graded gravel
GP
not fat with little or no material
they pass on fine
sieve no. 4 Silty gravel, mixtures of
Humpback GM
gravel, sand and silt
Granular solos containing
(less than 50%) fine material Clayey gravel, mixtures
GC
passing in the of gravel, sand, and clay
sieve number 200 Sand and gravelly sand
SW well graduated, with little or
no fine material
Sands Clean sand
Sand and gravel sand
(more than 50 SP poorly graded, with little or
% of the fraction
no fine material
big passes
on sieve number 4 Silty sand, sand mixtures
Sand SM
it silts
containing
fine material Clayey sand, mixtures of
SC
sand and clay
Inorganic silt, very sand
ML fine, silty sand or
argilous.

Silt and clay Low inorganic sand

or average plasticity, clay
(LL ≤ 50) CL
stony, sandy and
silty, lean clay
Fine solos Organic silt and silty clay
(50% or more passing through the sieve) OL
low plasticity organic
number 200
Inorganic silt, sands
MH fine or mica silts or
diatoms, elastic silt
Silt and clay
High inorganic clay
(LL > 50) CH
plasticity, fat clay
Medium and high organic clay
OH
plasticity
Peats and other highly
Highly organic solos PT
organics
NOTA LL is the abbreviation for liquidity limit.

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Figure E.5 – Plasticity chart

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Annex F
(regulatory)

Elastic joint

The requirements and devices for the assembly of elastic joints are presented below.

F.1Assemblyoftheelasticjoint
F.1.1 Carefully clean the rubber ring housing with a cloth or rag.
inside the bag. Remove, with a scraper, any dirt or any excess paint. Clean
also the end of the tube to be installed and the rubber ring itself, see Figure F.1.

F.1.2 Place the rubber ring in its housing, starting from the bottom of the bag.
and pressing the ring against the bottom of the housing as it is being fitted,
see Figure F.2.

F.1.3 Mark with chalk, at the tip of the tube, a reference line at a distance from the end.
equal to the depth of the bag minus 0.01 m, see Figure F.3.

F.1.4 Apply the lubricant paste to the exposed surface of the rubber ring housed in the bag.
and on the tip of the other tube up to approximately 0.02 m from the chalk line, see Figure F.4.

F.1.5 Center the tip well in the bag of the already installed tube and keep the piping in this position.

NOTE For the smaller diameter pipes, place them on two supports of compacted earth or wood; for
of larger diameters, keep the piping suspended by the crane hook.

F.1.6 Push the end of the tube into the bag until the chalk reference mark.
I found myself with the mirror of the bag. Do not exceed this position in order to ensure flexibility.
from the assembly. For this phase of the assembly, use one of the equipment according to the diameter of the tube.
described in C.2.

F.1.7 Once assembled, check if the ring is in the correct position within its housing,
introducing, for this, a blade, until it touches the ring. At all points of the circumference,
The penetration of the blade must be uniform, see Figure F.5.

F.1.8 One must check the good condition of the bevel at the end of the tube.

F.1.9 For the serrated pipes in the work, these must be beveled so as not to tear the ring.
of rubber during the assembly of the joint. See I.7 for performing the bevel.

F.2Devicesforassemblingtheelasticjoint

F.2.1 Pipes from DN 50 to DN 150

In these diameters, it is enough to use a simple iron bar, which will serve as a lever over
the bag of the tube to be installed, whose tip must be well centered in front of the bag of the tube beforehand

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already installed. It is recommended to protect the mirror of the bag with a piece of wood, over which
the lever will act, see Figure F.6.

F.2.2 Pipes from DN 200 to DN 600

In these diameters, a tirfor device (cable winch) is used, tied to the already installed tube and to the tube.
to be installed, see Figure F.7. Always check the good centering of the tip in front of the bag and use
supports under the pipe to be laid. The Tirfor device must have the following capacity: DN 200 to DN 300:
1,600 daN, DN 350 to DN 600: 3,500 daN.

F.2.3 Pipes from DN 700 to DN 1,200

For these diameters, two tirfor devices with a capacity of 3,500 daN each are used.
See Figure F.8. The size of the tubes requires that it be verified during assembly whether the ring is maintained.
its correct position and whether the necessary clearance is maintained between the tube tip and the bottom of the bag.

Figure F.1 - Cleaning the rubber ring housing inside the bag

Figure F.2 - Placement of the rubber ring in its housing

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Figure F.3 - Marking at the end of the tube the distance to penetrate into the neighboring tube bag

Figure F.4 – Application of the lubricant paste on the exposed surface of the rubber ring

Figure F.5 – Verification using a blade of the position of the rubber ring

Figure F.6 - Assembly of tubes DN 50 to DN 150 using a lever

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Figure F.7 - Assembly of pipes DN 200 to DN 600 using a tirfor

Figure F.8 – Assembly of pipes DN 700 to DN 1,200 using two winches

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Annex G
(regulatory)

Assembly of the mechanical joint

The requirements and devices for assembling mechanical joints are presented below.

G.1 Gently clean the tip of the tube and the inside of the connection with a cloth or rag.
If necessary, also clean the rubber ring and the counter flange.

G.2 Slide the counterflange onto the end of the tube first, and then the rubber ring.
as shown in Figure G.1.

G.3 Insert the tip, equipped with the counter-flange and the ring, to the bottom of the pouch and then,
retract approximately 0.01 m, in order to allow the free expansion of the material.

G.4 Slide the rubber ring over the tip, fitting it into its housing in the bag.
and bring the counter-flange until it touches the ring, as shown in Figure G.2.

G.5 Place the screws in the counter flange and tighten the nuts by hand until they touch.
no flange, checking its correct position, see Figure G.3.

G.6 Next, tighten the nuts with a wrench. Act in the order of the numbers in the diagram as per
shown in Figure G.4.

NOTE 1 The use of a torque wrench makes it easier to tighten the nuts.

NOTE 2 For large diameters, insert the joint accessories (flange and ring) and start tightening.
two screws with the tube (or the connection), to be assembled, still hanging from the crane hook. The tip
the tube is, thus, well centered inside the bag, and the ring will be correctly fitted.

Figure G.1 - Positioning of the counter flange and the rubber ring at the end of the tube

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Figure G.2 – Application of the rubber ring in the housing of the bag

Figure G.3 - Manual tightening of the nuts

Figure G.4 – Indicative diagram of the order of tightening the nuts

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Annex H
(normative)

Assembly of the joint and flanges

The requirements for assembling the joint and flanges are presented below.

H.1 Align the pieces that will be assembled. Arrange them in such a way that the holes are positioned
one in front of the others. Leave a small gap between the flanges that allows for passage
from the washer.

H.2 Introduce the washer between the flanges and place the screws in the holes of the flanges.

H.3 Center the washer well between the projections of the two flanges.

H.4 Place the nuts on the ends of the screws and tighten them progressively with a
key.

NOTE Using a torque wrench makes the job easier.

H.5 Tighten the diametrically opposite screws in the order of the numbered marks on the diagram.
shown in Figure H.1.

Figure H.1 – Order of tightening the flange screws

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Annex I
(regulatory)

Cutting of ductile cast iron pipes

The requirements for cutting ductile cast iron pipes are presented below.

I.1 The cut of the tubes should be located in a plane perpendicular to the generatrix of the tube.

I.2 Ductile iron pipes can be cut in several ways, as follows:

a) ductile iron pipes of any diameter can be easily cut with a machine
electric or pneumatic, using a high-speed abrasive cutting disk, as shown
in Figure I.1;

b) in the event that there is no electrical power or air at the construction site, one can also use a
cold cutting machine, with carbide (bedames) tools;

c) the ductile iron pipes of small diameter, up to DN 150, inclusive, can be cut with a
machine for roulettes and cylindrical steel knives, with progressive tightening;

In the last resort, one may even use the conventional arc. The process consists of making a
mark a reference around the tube, at the point to be cut, and slowly cut it with the saw
manual, according to the reference. The action area of the saw is small, and as the cut goes
As it deepens, the course of the operation becomes smaller. As soon as the saw passes through the part
internal, move the start of the cut a little further forward and, thus successively, until it works out
the turn around the whole tube.

I.3 Cutting with a torch should be avoided.

I.4 After the cut is executed, it is essential to deburr the tip and redo the bevel,
to facilitate the assembly of the elastic joint without the risk of cutting the rubber ring. The damage to the ring
may result in leaks as a consequence.

I.5 Conforme o diâmetro DN do tubo, o chanfro pode ser executado:

a) manually, with a file, as shown in Figure I.2;

b) with a manual disc grinder;

c) with a machine equipped with a machining tool.

I.6 The shape of the chamfer must comply with the specifications of ABNT NBR 7674.

I.7 In executing the bevel, the precautions to be taken are as follows:

a) the angle of the bevel must be between 20° and 45° in relation to the surface of the tube;

b) the chamfer must have rounded corners, thus eliminating the possibility of damaging the ring
of rubber;

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c) the chamfer must be executed up to half the thickness of the tube, thus avoiding that the tip
make it thin, like a knife, and cut the rubber ring.

NOTE After the chamfering is done, do not forget to coat the machined part again with paint.
petroleum-derived bitumen, with food quality.

Figure I.1 - Cutting using high-speed abrasive disc

Figure I.2 - Execution of the chamfer using a file

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Annex J
(regulatory)

Maximum allowable pulling force for polyethylene pipes

The maximum pulling forces for PE 80 and 100 pipes and reduction factors are presented.
for this force as a function of ambient temperature

J.1 In PE 80 polyethylene pipe installations, the maximum pulling force must be calculated
considering the values specified in Tables J.1 and J.2.

Table J.1 – Maximum allowable pulling force of PE 80 pipes in kilogram-force (kgf)

(continues)
Diameter
external SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR
of the tube

DE 32.25 26 21 17 13.6 11 9 7.25

63 - 356 424 530 645 782 924 1113
90 - 713 868 1,076 1,315 1,580 1 885 2,283
110 - 1,070 1 307 1,608 1 967 2,356 2 832 3 395
125 - 1,386 1,682 2 076 2,353 3,051 3,638 4 390
160 - 2,246 2 763 3,369 4 153 5,002 5,964 7 181
180 - 2 853 3 473 4 268 5,260 6 322 7,540 9 100
200 - 3 488 4,306 5,274 6,498 7,796 9 337 11211
225 - 4,434 5,450 6 681 8,196 9 878 11,781 14 209
250 4,451 5 492 6,676 8 254 10 141 12 206 14 555 17,518
280 5,561 6,850 8 417 10 302 12 703 15,291 18,290 22 003
315 7 047 8,704 10,603 13 055 16,077 19 360 23 091 27 827
355 8,994 11,017 13,463 16,600 20 369 24,559 29 364 35 329
400 11,324 13 955 17 142 21,096 25 913 31 184 37 274 44,845
450 14,382 17,736 21 707 26 630 32 785 39 511 47 124 -
500 17 694 21,860 26,811 32 911 40,464 48,726 58 218 -
560 22 245 27 401 33,550 41,209 50 700 61 165 - -
630 28 189 34 680 42 412 52 221 64 183 77 320 - -
710 35 820 44 069 54 004 66 253 81 475 - - -
800 45 475 55 822 68 397 84 219 103 492 - -
900 57 529 70 747 86 636 106 520 - - -
1,000 70,999 87 221 107,030 131 437 - - -
1,200 102 185 125,598 154 020 - - - -
1,400 139 034 170,953 - - - - -
1 600 181 545 223 286 - - - - -

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 ABNT NBR 17015:2023

J.2 If there are no welds in the section to be pulled, the force can be multiplied by 1.25.

J.3 For PE 100 pipes, multiply the values specified in Table J.1 by 1.25.

J.4 The values specified in Table J1 must be adjusted according to the temperature.
applying the factors specified in Table J.2.

Table J.2 – Pulling force reduction factor as a function of ambient temperature

Temperatura °C 25 27.5 30 35 40
Reduction factor 1.00 0.86 0.81 0.72 0.62

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 ABNT NBR 17015:2023

Bibliography

ABNT NBR 7367, Design and installation of rigid PVC piping for sewage systems
sanitary

ABNT NBR 15645, Execution of wastewater and stormwater drainage works

using concrete pipes and fittings

ABNT NBR 15950, Systems for distribution and conduction of water and sewage transportation under
pressure - Requirements for the installation of polyethylene piping PE 80 and PE 100

DNER 092, Solo – Determination of the apparent specific mass in-situ, using the bottle
Sand Testing Method

DNIT 172, Soils – Determination of the California Bearing Ratio using non-samples
worked - Testing method

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR - NR 8, Conditions and environment

work environment in the construction industry

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR - NR 15, Activities and operations

unsanitary

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR - NR 16, Activities and operations

dangerous

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR - NR 18, Conditions and means

work environment in the construction industry

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR - NR 19, Explosives

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR - NR 21, Work in the open air

REGULATORY STANDARD OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR-NR 22, Health and safety

occupational in mining

114 © ABNT 2023 - All rights reserved

Printed by: Leonardo Andrade (Admin.)