PROJECT REPORT

ON

“GSM BASED GAS DETECTION SYSTEM”

Submitted For Partial

Fulfillment Of the Academic Regulations of SBTET For the Award of The Degree
DIPLOMA
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICTION ENGINEERING
Submitted By
P.DILIP 23259-EC-010

Under the esteemed Guidance of

Mrs. D. KAVITHA (M. Tech)

(Asst. Professor)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICTION ENGG.

SAMSKRUTI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

II SHIFT POLYTECHNIC
Kondapur(V), Ghatkesar (M), Medchal (D), Telangana
Accredited by NAAC. Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH/SBTET,
Hyderabad

(2023-2026)
 SAMSKRUTI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

II SHIFT POLYTECHNIC

Kondapur (V), Ghatkesar (M), Medchal (D), Telangana

Accredited by NAAC. Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH/SBTET,

Hyderabad

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “GSM BASED GAS DETECTOR” is
being submitted by P. DILIP (23259-EC-010), in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of DIPLOMA from SBTET Hyderabad in ECE. This record is a Bonafide
work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. The results embodied in
this report have not been submitted to any other university for the award of any degree.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mrs. D. KAVITHA (M. Tech) Mr. K. VINAYKUMAR (M. Tech)

PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PLACE:

DATE:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful to everyone who supported me in the successful completion of my

project work. We owe our sincere thanks to people who helped and supported me in this
process.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to our Honorable Principal Dr. K. SHIVA
KESHAVAREDDY sir, for giving us permission to do our project.

We are grateful to the Head of Department of ECE, Mr. K. VINAYKUMAR, for his
valuable suggestions and encouragement during course of the work.

We gratefully acknowledge the inspiring guidance, encouragement, and continuous

support of our internal guide Mrs. D. KAVITHA. Her helpful suggestion and constant
encouragement have gone a long way in the completion of this dissertation.

Words are inadequate in offering we thanks to the Project Trainees and Project Assistants,
for their encouragement and cooperation in carrying out the project work.

Finally, yet importantly, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our beloved
parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the
successful completion of this project.

WITH SINCERE REGARDS

P.DILIP 23259-EC-010
 ABSTRACT

The GSM LPG Gas Detector Project is designed to enhance safety by

detecting Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leaks and providing real-
time alerts via
GSM communication.
The system employs an MQ-6 Gas Sensor to continuously monitor
the environment for harmful gas concentrations. When LPG levels
exceed a defined threshold, The microcontroller (e.g., Arduino or
similar) activates Local alerts such as a buzzer and LED, while
simultaneously sending an SMS notification to a predefined mobile
number using a GSM module (SIM800/SIM900). This enables
immediate remote awareness of potential hazards, even when no one
is physically present at the site.
The compact, low-cost, and reliable design makes it ideal for use in
homes, kitchens, industries, and gas storage facilities, where early
detection of gas leaks can prevent and save lives.
The system is powered by a lithium-ion battery and built on a
breadboard or PCB for compactness. It is designed to be portable,
low-cost, energy-efficient, and user-friendly. This project
demonstrates how embedded systems and wireless communication
technologies can be integrated to create a real-time safety monitoring
device.
Gas leakage accidents are one of the major causes of fire and health
hazards in both domestic and industrial areas. This project aims to
reduce such risks by developing an automatic gas detection and
alerting system that can provide instant local and remote notifications.
 INDEX

CHAPTER NAMES PAGE NO

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 01-07
1.1 INTRODUCTION 01
1.2 NEED FOR GAS DETECTION SYSTEM 02
1.3 OBJECTIVE 03
1.4 METHODOLOGY 04-O5
1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY 05-07
CHAPTER 2: EMBEDDED SYSTEM OVERVIEW 08-10
2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEEDED SYSTEMS 08
2.2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER &
MICROPROCESSOR 09
2.3 CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING MICROCONTROLLER 10
CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE IMPLEMENTS 11-22
3.1 ARDUINO UNO 11-13
3.2 BREADBOARD 14-15
3.3 MQ-2 GAS SENSOR 16
3.4 GSM MODULE 17-18
3.5 BUZZER 19
3.6 ADAPTOR 20-21
3.7 JUMPING WIRES 21-22
3.8 SPECIFICATIONS OF GAS SENSOR 22
CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE IMPLEMTATION 23-28

4.1 TOOLS AND PLATFORMS USED 23-24

4.2 SOFTWARE TESTING AND DEBBUGGING 25
4.3 GSM BASED GAS DETECTOR PRORAM 26-27
4.4 CODE EXPLANATION 28
CHAPTER 5:CIRCUIT DESING AND WORKING 29-43
5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 29-31
5.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE 31-35
5.3 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS 35-37
5.4 LIMITATIONS 37-38
5.5 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 39-43
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 44-48
6.1 CONCLUSION 44-45
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE 45-47
6.3 PROPOSED FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 47-48
CHAPTER 7: RSESULT 49-54
7.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 49
7.2 TESTING PROCEDURE 50
7.3 OBSERVATIONS 50
7.4 OUTPUT 51
7.5 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 51- 52
7.6 ADVANTAGES OBSERVED 52
REFERENCE 53-56
 FIGURES
S.NO NAME PAGENO

1 ARDUINO UNO 11
2 BREAD BOARD 14
3 MQ-2 GAS SENSOR 16
4 GSM MODULE 17
5 BUZZER 19
6 ADAPTOR 20
7 JUMPING WIRES 21
8 OUTPUT 57-58
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In today’s industrial and domestic environments, safety plays a crucial role in

protecting lives and property. The leakage of hazardous gases such as
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), methane, or carbon monoxide (CO) can lead
to severe accidents, explosions, or poisoning. Detecting such gas leaks at an
early stage and alerting the user instantly is essential to prevent damage.
The GSM-Based Gas Detector system is designed to identify the presence of
combustible or toxic gases in the environment and provide immediate alerts
both locally and remotely. It combines gas sensing technology with wireless
communication using Arduino UNO and GSM modules.
The MQ-2 gas sensor continuously monitors the air and sends an analog signal
to the microcontroller when gas concentration exceeds the safe threshold. The
Arduino UNO processes this input, triggers a buzzer , and sends a text message
through the GSM module to alert the user. This makes it a smart, low-cost, and
portable safety solution suitable for homes, industries, and laboratories.
Gas leakage is one of the most common and dangerous problems that can lead
to fire accidents, explosions, and even loss of human life. With the increasing
use of gases such as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and Methane in households,
industries, and laboratories, ensuring early detection and quick response to gas
leaks has become an essential safety requirement. Traditional gas detection
systems generally alert people only through alarms or indicator lights, which
may not be effective when no one is present nearby.
To overcome this limitation, modern technology can be used to provide real-time
alerts through mobile communication. this is where the GSM-Based Gas
Detector plays a vital role.

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1.2 Need for Gas Detection Systems

Gas leakage accidents are among the most common causes of industrial and
household disasters. In many cases, the lack of a real-time detection and alert
mechanism results in delayed response, leading to severe consequences such as
fire, explosion, or suffocation.

Traditional systems use simple gas alarms that provide only local alerts.
However, they fail to notify users when they are away from the premises. The
integration of GSM communication in this project overcomes that limitation by
ensuring that alerts are transmitted directly to the user’s mobile phone, even if
they are not physically present. This system enhances safety by enabling remote
awareness, faster action, and preventive measures, thereby reducing loss of life
and property

Problem Statement

In conventional gas leak alarm systems, the detection process ends with a local
sound alert. Such systems are ineffective when no one is around to respond
immediately. Furthermore, continuous monitoring is often not implemented in
low-cost domestic detectors.

To address this, the proposed project provides:

Continuous gas concentration monitoring
Automatic triggering of visual and sound alerts
Wireless alert transmission via GSM network
Real-time SMS notifications to registered users

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 1.3 OBJECTIVES

The primary aim of the GSM-Based Gas Detector project is to design and
implement a reliable, automatic, and cost-effective system that can detect hazardous
gas leaks and provide real-time alerts to prevent accidents, property damage, and
threats to human life. In today’s world, safety has become a major concern in
households, industries, and laboratories where gases like LPG, methane, and carbon
monoxide are used extensively. This project focuses on addressing these safety
issues through a smart monitoring system that combines gas sensing technology
with GSM communication.
1. To Detect the Presence of Flammable or Toxic Gases
The system uses an MQ-2 gas sensor to detect gases such as LPG, methane, and
propane. The objective is to continuously monitor the environment for any trace of
gas leakage and generate an analog signal proportional to the gas concentration level.
2. To Process and Analyze Sensor Data Using Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno microcontroller acts as the processing unit. It analyzes the
analog signal from the gas sensor and compares it with a predefined threshold
value. When the gas concentration exceeds the safe limit, the Arduino triggers the
alert mechanisms.
3. To Provide Immediate Local Alert Indications
Upon detecting a gas leak, the system activates audible (buzzer) alerts. This ensures
that anyone nearby can take prompt action, such as switching off the gas supply or
opening ventilation, to prevent a fire or explosion.
4. To Send Remote Alerts Using GSM Technology
A key objective of this project is to integrate GSM communication for remote
alerting. The SIM800C GSM module is programmed to automatically send an SMS
warning to a pre-defined mobile number whenever a gas leak is detected. This allows
users to be informed instantly, even if they are away from the monitored area.

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 1.4 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for the GSM-based gas detector project

focuses on developing a reliable, low-cost, and efficient system that can detect
gas leakage and immediately alert the user through both visual, audio, and
mobile communication means. The project involves several sequential stages
such as problem identification, system design, hardware implementation,
software development, circuit integration, calibration, testing, and
performance analysis. The process begins with identifying the need for a
safety system that can detect hazardous gases like LPG, methane, propane, or
carbon monoxide, which are commonly used in domestic and industrial
applications. Leakage of these gases can lead to dangerous explosions, fire
accidents, or even loss of life. Hence, a system capable of early detection and
instant notification is essential for ensuring safety.

In this project, a gas sensor, microcontroller, GSM module, buzzer, and

indicators are the primary components. The MQ-2 gas sensor is used as the
main sensing element because of its high sensitivity to LPG, methane, and
smoke. The sensor continuously monitors the air and converts the detected
gas concentration into an analog electrical signal. This analog output is sent
to the Arduino Uno microcontroller, which acts as the brain of the system. The
Arduino reads the analog value, processes it, and compares it with a
predefined threshold value stored in its program. If the gas concentration level
exceeds the threshold limit, the system immediately activates the buzzer to
provide a local alert, warning nearby people about the leakage. At the same
time, the GSM module (SIM800C) is used to send a short message service
(SMS) alert to the registered mobile number, indicating that a gas leakage has
been detected. This ensures that even if no one is present near the leakage
area, the user can still receive the notification remotely and take necessary
safety measures.

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 The software part of the system is developed using the Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The coding involves initializing
the gas sensor, configuring the GSM module through AT commands, and
programming the logic that determines the system’s response based on the
sensor readings. The code also manages the serial communication between
the Arduino and GSM module by setting an appropriate baud rate. Conditional
statements are used in the program to continuously check whether the sensor’s
analog output exceeds the threshold. If so, the GSM module is triggered to
send an alert message such as “Warning: Gas Leakage Detected! Please check
immediately.” The program is uploaded to the microcontroller using a USB
cable and is tested for proper functioning through serial monitor outputs.

1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY:

The literature survey provides an overview of previous research and

developments related to gas detection and GSM-based safety systems. Various
studies have been conducted by researchers and engineers to design and
implement systems that ensure safety against gas leakages in domestic, industrial,
and commercial environments. These studies emphasize the importance of real-
time gas monitoring, microcontroller-based automation, and wireless
communication technologies for enhancing safety and preventing accidents
caused by gas leaks.

In a study by S. Patel et al. (IJERT, 2020), a microcontroller-based gas leakage

detection and alerting system was designed using an MQ-2 gas sensor and GSM
module. The system was capable of detecting LPG leakage and sending
immediate SMS alerts to the user. The proposed model used an Arduino Uno for
signal processing and a SIM800C GSM module for communication. The results
showed that the system efficiently provided early warnings, thereby minimizing
risks and improving safety in households.

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 Similarly, R. Kumar and P. Sharma (IJESRT, 2021) developed an LPG leakage
detection system integrated with a buzzer, exhaust fan, and GSM module. When
the gas concentration exceeded a safe threshold, the microcontroller activated the
exhaust fan to reduce gas accumulation and simultaneously sent an alert message
to the user’s mobile number. This research highlighted the advantages of
combining automatic control and GSM technology for enhanced safety and user
awareness.

Another work by A. Khan et al. (IJAET, 2019) focused on developing a smart gas
detection system using an MQ-2 sensor, Arduino, and IoT integration. The
system not only provided GSM-based SMS alerts but also uploaded real-time gas
data to an online server for remote monitoring. This approach demonstrated how
combining GSM and IoT could further enhance flexibility and data accessibility
in safety systems.

P. Devi et al. (IJETT, 2020) proposed a gas detection system that used multiple
sensors to detect various gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, and LPG. The
microcontroller processed the sensor data and used a GSM module to send alerts
to multiple users. Their study proved that a multi-sensor approach provides more
comprehensive protection in environments where different gases are present.

In another significant contribution, M. Singh and T. Reddy (IJRTE, 2021)

implemented a low-cost, energy-efficient gas leakage monitoring system using
the Arduino platform. Their design included a relay-based control circuit to
automatically shut off the gas supply valve when leakage was detected. The GSM
module provided immediate notifications to both the owner and local safety

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 authorities. The project proved highly efficient in minimizing response time
during emergencies.

K. Meena et al. (IJARCCE, 2022) presented a GSM and GPS-enabled gas

leakage detection and location tracking system. This system not only detected gas
leaks but also transmitted the exact coordinates of the affected location to the
user’s mobile number. The use of GPS enhanced the system’s capability for
industrial safety applications where locating the leakage source is crucial.

Overall, previous research studies emphasize that integrating gas sensors with
GSM technology provides a reliable and cost-effective solution for safety
monitoring. The GSM module ensures real-time communication, while the
microcontroller handles data processing and control operations. These systems
have shown excellent results in terms of detection accuracy, quick response, and
low power consumption. The literature reviewed also suggests that future
improvements could include IoT connectivity, mobile app integration, and solar-
based power supply for continuous operation.

From the reviewed works, it is evident that GSM-based gas detector systems are
highly efficient for remote monitoring and timely alerts. However, most existing
systems can be further improved by optimizing sensitivity, reducing false alarms,
and integrating advanced features such as cloud-based data storage or automatic
valve control. The present project builds upon these existing methodologies by
designing a GSM-based gas detection system that combines the simplicity of
Arduino, the accuracy of MQ-series gas sensors, and the efficiency of GSM
communication to provide an effective, low-cost, and user-friendly safety
solution suitable for both domestic and industrial application

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 CHAPTER 2: EMBEDDED SYSTEM OVERVIEW

An embedded system is a specialized computer system designed to perform

dedicated functions within a larger system. Unlike general-purpose computers,
embedded systems are optimized for specific control or monitoring tasks. They
integrate both hardware and software to provide real-time responses for a
particular application.

In this project, the embedded system continuously monitors gas levels using a
microcontroller (Arduino UNO) and reacts immediately when a gas leak is
detected. It controls actuators (buzzers) for local alerts and communicates with
external devices (mobile phones) using the GSM module.

Thus, the embedded system forms the core control unit of the entire gas detection
setup, enabling real time operation, reliability, and automation.

2.1 Characteristics of Embedded Systems

– Real-Time Operation: Executes tasks within strict timing constraints.

– Reliability: Provides consistent performance under varying conditions.

– Low Power Consumption: Optimized for energy efficiency, suitable for

battery-powered applications.

– Compact Size: Combines hardware and software into a single small device.

– Specific Functionality: Designed for a single or limited set of tasks.

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 2.2 Difference Between Microcontroller and Microprocessor

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 2.3 Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller

Selecting an appropriate microcontroller depends on the following factors:

▪ Processing Speed: The controller should handle sensor input and GSM

communication efficiently.

▪ Memory Capacity: Sufficient ROM and RAM are required for code

storage and data handling.

▪ I/O Port Availability: Adequate digital and analog pins for interfacing

sensors, modules, and output devices.

▪ Power Requirements: Low-power operation suitable for battery-driven

systems.

▪ Ease of Programming: Compatibility with high-level languages like

C/C++.

▪ Cost and Availability: Should be affordable and easily available in the

local market.

▪ Community and Tool Support: Active developer community for technical

assistance.
Based on these parameters, Arduino UNO is chosen as the main
controller.

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 CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Hardware:

The hardware implementation of the GSM-Based Gas Detector project mainly

focuses on the selection, design, and interfacing of all essential electronic
components used for detecting gas leakage and transmitting alert messages. The
system integrates a gas sensor, microcontroller, GSM module, buzzer, indicators
to collect, process, and display real-time information about the gas concentration
in the environment. Each component plays a significant role in ensuring that the
system operates efficiently and responds immediately during hazardous
conditions. The following sections describe each hardware component used in the
project, its function, and how it is connected within the circuit.3.1 Arduino UNO

3.1 Arduino UNO

Figure:3.1 Arduino UNO

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 The Arduino Uno plays a central role in the GSM based gas detector System.
It serves as the main control and monitoring unit of the project, responsible
for reading voltage data generated by piezoelectric sensors, processing the
signal, Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P microchip. It is widely used for embedded systems,
automation, and educational electronics because of its simplicity, low cost,
and versatility. In this project, the Arduino Uno measures the voltage
generated by the piezoelectric sensors after rectification and filtering,
converts it into a digital value using its Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC),
The board is programmed using the Arduino IDE, which provides an easy
interface for writing, uploading, and debugging C/C++ based code.
The Arduino Uno provides real-time voltage monitoring, data processing,
and output control, making it an essential component for analyzing the
efficiency and performance of the energy harvesting system. reading sensor
values, activating alert devices, and communicating with the GSM module
for message transmission. The Arduino Uno is built around the ATmega328P
8-bit microcontroller, which includes all necessary components for simple
and efficient embedded design. It operates at 5V logic level and can be
powered via USB or an external 9–12V DC adapter.
Internal Features of the ATmega328P Microcontroller:
• 8-bit AVR RISC-based CPU
• 32 KB Flash Memory (program storage)
• 2 KB SRAM and 1 KB EEPROM
• 16 MHz Crystal Oscillator
• 6 Analog Input Pins (A0–A5) with 10-bit ADC
• 14 Digital I/O Pins (6 can be used as PWM outputs)

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 Table : specifications of Arduino UNO

Arduino Uno Board Features:

• USB-B port for programming and power supply
• Onboard ATmega16U2 USB-to-Serial converter
• Power Jack (7–12V input) and Voltage Regulator (5V and 3.3V outputs)
• Reset Button for restarting programs
• ICSP header for direct programming
The combination of hardware simplicity and open-source
programming environment makes the Arduino Uno ideal for student
projects like footstep power generation, where real-time analog data
must be read and displayed efficiently.

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 3.2 BREAD BOARD

Figure 3.2: breadboard

The mini breadboard plays a vital role in the Footstep Power Generation
System as it serves as the primary platform for assembling and
interconnecting all electronic components in the circuit. A breadboard is a
reusable prototyping tool that allows components such as resistors ,diodes,
capacitors, transistors, and wires to be connected without soldering, making
it ideal for experimental and educational projects. In this project, the mini
breadboard provides a clean, organized, and safe workspace to connect the
piezoelectric sensors, rectifier diodes, capacitors, resistors, and Arduino Uno
efficiently.

The breadboard contains metallic strips (buses) arranged under a plastic

perforated surface that forms rows and columns of interconnected points.
These conductive strips allow current to flow between components inserted
into the same row or terminal. The two outer lines on each side of the
breadboard are usually power rails, which distribute the positive and ground
(GND) connections throughout the circuit. This structure helps in reducing
wiring complexity and maintaining stable voltage levels across all modules.

In the Footstep Power Generation System, the breadboard is used to connect

and test the complete circuit including the piezoelectric sensor outputs, full-
wave bridge rectifier (1N4007 diodes), filtering capacitor (10 µF), storage

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 capacitor, voltage divider, and Arduino Uno connections. It allows easy
modification and troubleshooting of the circuit without permanent soldering.
Each component can be inserted, tested, or replaced instantly, which makes
it ideal for students and researchers who are experimenting with energy
generation circuits.

The breadboard also ensures proper signal integrity and safety by providing
firm and insulated contact points. Since piezoelectric sensors generate
relatively low current and moderate voltage pulses, the breadboard’s contact
system is sufficient to handle the energy levels involved in this project.
Additionally, it keeps the connections stable and minimizes the risk of short
circuits or loose wiring, which are common issues in hand-wired setups.

One of the major advantages of using a mini breadboard in this project is its
compact size and portability. It allows the entire circuit including the
rectifier, capacitor, and voltage divider to fit neatly within a small workspace.
The breadboard makes it easy to rearrange components when optimizing the
energy output, testing different resistor values, or experimenting with
multiple piezoelectric discs connected in series or parallel.

Breadboards are widely used in educational and research-based projects

because they:
• Eliminate the need for soldering, reducing assembly time.
• Allow easy testing, replacement, and debugging of components.
• Provide flexibility for upgrading or modifying circuits.
• Support low-voltage electronic experiments safely.
• Are reusable and cost-effective for student-level prototyping.
In this Footstep Power Generation System, the mini breadboard acts as the
central interconnection hub that integrates all hardware components into a
functional and organized circuit.

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 3.3 .MQ-2 Gas Sensor

Figure:3.2 gas sensor

The MQ-2 is a semiconductor-type gas sensor used to detect LPG (liquefied

petroleum gas), propane, butane, and other combustible gases. It works on the
principle that the resistance of its (tin dioxide) sensing layer decreases when it
comes into contact with flammable gases. In the GSM-based gas detector, the
MQ-2 sensor continuously monitors the environment. When the gas
concentration crosses a preset threshold, the sensor’s analog output triggers the
Arduino controller to activate local alarms (buzzer) and send an SMS alert
through the GSM module. The MQ-2 gas sensor senses the gases like ammonia
nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols, aromatic compounds, sulfide, and smoke..

Table 3.2: specifications of gas sensor

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 3.4 GSM Module

Figure 3.3: GSM module

The GSM module provides wireless communication between the gas

detector and the user’s mobile phone. It operates using a SIM card similar
to a mobile phone and can send SMS or make calls automatically when
instructed by the microcontroller
The SIM800L module is a tiny GSM modem that adds cellular connectivity
to your Arduino projects. Just like your mobile phone, it can send text
messages, make phone calls, and even connect to the internet using GPRS.
Whether you’re building a home automation system, an emergency alert
device, or something you want to control from far away, this module is a
game-changer.
At the heart of the module is the SIM800C GSM chip, created by a company
called Sim com. This special chip allows electronic projects to connect to
cellular networks—the same networks your phone uses. With this

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 connection, your projects can send text messages, make phone calls, or even
browse the internet.
The SIM800C operates on a voltage range of 3.4V to 4.4V, which means
you can power it directly using a LiPo battery. This is really helpful for
projects where you don’t have much space and need to be energy efficient.
The module connects to a microcontroller (like an Arduino) through UART.
It supports a wide range of baud rates, from 1200 bps to 115200 bps, and it
even has an automatic baud rate detection feature. This makes it flexible and
easy to set up in different projects.
For the module to connect to a cellular network, it needs an antenna. Usually,
the module comes with a small helical antenna that you can solder directly
onto the board. However, if you want to place the antenna away from the
module—perhaps to get better reception—there’s also a special connector
called a U.FL connector. This allows you to attach an external antenna using
a cable.

Table: specifications of GSM module

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 3.5 Buzzer

Figure3.4: buzzer

The buzzer acts as an audio indicator to alert users nearby when gas is detected. It
converts electrical signals from the Arduino into sound vibrations.

Types of Buzzers :

Active Buzzer: Generates sound automatically when power is supplied.

Passive Buzzer: Requires an external oscillator signal to produce sound.

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
While technological advancements have caused buzzers to be impractical and
undesirable, there are still instances in which buzzers and similar circuits may be used.
Present day applications include:
Novelty uses
Judging panels
Educational purposes
Annunciator panels
Electronic metronomes
Game show lock-out device
Microwave ovens and other household appliances

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 3.6 ADAPTOR

Figure:3.6.1: ADAPTER

A 5V adapter is a compact and reliable external power supply device that prov
ides a stable direct current (DC) voltage output for powering electronic and
electrical circuits. It converts alternating current (AC) from the mains into a regulated
5V DC output using an internal rectifier and voltage regulation circuitry. Adapters are
widely used as steady and safe power sources in systems that require continuous
operation without the limitations of battery discharge. In the Motion Activated Power
Control System, the 5V adapter serves as the primary power source for the Arduino
Uno, PIR sensor, and relay module. Since all these components operate efficiently at
5V DC, the adapter provides a direct and stable voltage level suitable for powering the
entire system. The adapter connects to the Arduino Uno through the DC jack or USB
port, supplying power to both the microcontroller and the connected peripheral devices.
This ensures smooth, uninterrupted operation during continuous or long-term use. The
adapter also provides better voltage stability than standard batteries, making the system
more reliable during extended demonstrations or real-world applications.

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 A 5V adapter typically consists of an AC-to-DC converter circuit, including a
step-down transformer, bridge rectifier, filter capacitor, and voltage regulator IC. The
AC mains (230V) is first stepped down to a lower voltage, rectified into DC, and then
stabilized at 5V output. The adapter delivers this constant voltage through a barrel
connector or USB cable to the circuit. Unlike batteries, it requires no recharging or
replacement, ensuring consistent energy delivery throughout the operation.

3.7 Jumping Wires

Figure:3.7 Jumping Wires

Jumping wires, also commonly known as jumper wires, are one of the most basic
very important components used in electronic projects and home automation
circuits. These wires are used to make temporary or flexible electrical connections
between different modules, sensors, microcontrollers, and power supply terminals.
In our project, jumper wires are used to connect the 4 channel relay, Wi-Fi module,
sensors, and the 5V battery to the main control board. The main advantage of using
jumper wires is that they allow us to design the circuit without soldering. This
means we can easily modify, repair, or replace components whenever needed.
Jumper wires come in three types: Male-to-Male, Male-to-Female, and Female-to-

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 Female. Each type is selected based on the type of pins we are connecting. For
example, connecting Arduino or Node MCU pins to breadboard requires male-to-
male wires, while connecting sensor female socket to breadboard pins requires
male-to-female wires. These wires are available in different colors like red for
positive, black for ground, yellow or blue for signal, etc., which helps in identifying
connections easily and avoiding wrong wiring. In home automation projects,
jumper wires help to neatly organize connection paths between relay board signal
pins and microcontroller GPIO pins. They are flexible, reusable, and save a lot of
time during prototyping and testing. Overall, jumper wires are simple but very
essential components which act as the connection bridge that links every single
module in our smart home automation system

3.8 Specifications of Gas Sensor

 Sensor Type: Semiconductor gas sensor

 Model: MQ-2

 Detected Gases: LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), Propane, Butane, Hydrogen

(H₂), Methane, and other combustible gases

 Operating Voltage: 5V DC

 Heater Voltage (VH): 5V ± 0.2V AC or DC

 Load Resistance (RL): Adjustable (typically 10kΩ – 47kΩ)

 Heater Resistance (RH): 31Ω ± 3Ω at room temperature

 Heater Consumption: Less than 750mW

 Sensitivity: Detects gas concentrations from 200 ppm to 10,000 ppm

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 CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Tools and Platforms Used :

 Platform Used: Arduino IDE is used to write, compile, and upload the
program to the Arduino Uno microcontroller.

 Programming Language:

Written in Embedded C / Arduino Language (C/C++).

 Code Structure: Divided into sections for sensor reading, threshold checking,
GSM communication, and alert generation.

 Initialization: Serial communication (Serial began (9600)) is started to

communicate with the GSM module. Input and output pins for MQ sensor,
buzzer, LED, and relay are defined.

 Sensor Reading: The MQ-2 gas sensor gives an analog output voltage
proportional to the gas concentration. The Arduino reads this signal using the
analog Read () function.

 Threshold Comparison: A predefined gas level threshold is set in the program

(e.g., 300 ppm). The sensor value is continuously compared to this threshold.

 Condition Checking: If the gas level is below threshold, the system stays in a
normal state. If the gas level is above threshold, the system enters alert mode.

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  Alert Mode Actions: Buzzer is activated to produce an alarm sound. The relay
may trigger an exhaust fan or safety mechanism.

 GSM Communication: The Arduino sends AT commands to the GSM module

(SIM800C) via serial communication. When gas is detected, the GSM module
sends an SMS alert to the registered mobile number (e.g., “Gas Leakage
Detected!”).

 Loop Operation: The program continuously monitors gas levels in a loop ()

function for 24/7 operation.

 Delay and Debouncing: Small delays (e.g., delay(500) ms) are used to stabilize
sensor readings and prevent false triggers.

 Testing and Calibration :The gas sensor is calibrated by adjusting the threshold
value in the code to ensure accurate detection.

 Output Verification: Verify on Serial Monitor whether readings and SMS alerts
are generated correctly.

 Final Upload: Once tested, the final code is uploaded to Arduino UNO for
permanent operation.

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 4.2 Software Testing and Debugging

Before final deployment, the following testing procedures were

performed:

▪ Serial Monitor Verification: Sensor readings were checked on the

Arduino IDE Serial Monitor to determine safe and unsafe limits.

▪ Threshold Calibration: Different threshold values were tested to

eliminate false alarms.

▪ GSM Response Check: AT commands were tested manually using the

Serial Monitor to ensure message delivery.

▪ Hardware Integration Test: The complete circuit was verified for

stable operation under power and signal variations.

▪ Field Test: The sensor was exposed to LPG near a gas stove for real-

world behavior analysis. All modules functioned as expected, and the

system successfully generated real-time alerts both locally and
remotely.

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 4.3 GSM BASED GAS DETECTOR PROGRAM

//Below is the simplified and functional source code used in your project.

#define buz 11

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(14, 15);

void setup()

pinMode(buz, OUTPUT);

pinMode(8, INPUT);

digitalWrite(buz, LOW);

void loop()

if(digitalRead(8)==LOW && a==0)

a=1;

digitalWrite(buz, HIGH);

mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //To send SMS in Text Mode

delay(1000);

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 mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+918639246736\"\r"); // change to the phone
number you using

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("Alert! Gas leakage detected\n");//the content of the

message

delay(1000);

mySerial.println((char)26);//the stopping character

delay(1000);

mySerial.println((char)26);//the message stopping character

delay(1000);

if(digitalRead(8)!=LOW && a==1)

a=0;

digitalWrite(buz, LOW);

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 4.4 Code Explanation

– Initialization Section: The Arduino and GSM serial communication are

initialized at 9600 baud rate. I/O pins for the sensor, buzzer are
configured.
– Reading Sensor Data: Analog Read(gas Sensor) reads the analog output

voltage from MQ-2. The value ranges from 0–1023, corresponding to 0–

5V.
– Threshold Comparison: The threshold is defined as 300 (can be

adjusted experimentally).If the sensor value exceeds this, an alert

condition is triggered.
– Alert Actions: buzzer are activated to provide local alarm. Arduino calls

the function send Alert Message() to notify the user remotely.

– GSM Communication: The GSM module receives AT commands via

serial communication.

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 CHAPTER 5 : CIRCUIT DESIGN AND WORKING PRINCIPAL

The circuit design is the core functional part of the GSM-Based Gas Detector
system. It interconnects all major components such as the Arduino UNO, MQ-2
gas sensor, GSM module, buzzer, and power supply unit.

The circuit is designed to sense, process, and communicate information in real

time. The gas sensor continuously detects the concentration of gases in the
environment, while the Arduino microcontroller processes the data and decides
the appropriate action — such as triggering local alarms or sending an SMS alert
via the GSM module.

5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 5.1 Block Diagram of GSM based gas detector System

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Block Components:

1. Gas Sensor (MQ-2)

2.Microcontroller (Arduino UNO)
3GSM Module (SIM800C)
4.Buzzer (Alert System)

The above block diagram represents a gas detector operation. The block diagram of
the GSM-Based Gas Detector system represents the overall working principle and
interconnection between various components used in the project. The main functional
blocks include the Gas Sensor (MQ-2), Microcontroller (Arduino Uno), GSM
Module, and the Alert System (Buzzer).

1. Gas Sensor (MQ-2)

The MQ-2 gas sensor is the key sensing element of the system. It detects the presence
and concentration of gases such as LPG, methane, and propane in the surrounding
air. The sensor contains a sensitive layer made of tin dioxide , whose conductivity
changes when exposed to gas. The sensor outputs an analog voltage signal
proportional to the gas concentration. This analog signal is sent to the Arduino Uno
for processing.

2. Microcontroller (Arduino Uno)

The Arduino Uno acts as the brain of the system. It receives the analog input from
the MQ-2 sensor, converts it into a digital value, and compares it with a predefined
threshold level.

If the gas concentration is within the safe limit, the system remains idle.

If the concentration exceeds the threshold, the Arduino activates the alert system and
sends a signal to the GSM module to notify the user.

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The Arduino controls all input and output operations, ensuring proper communication
between the components.

3. GSM Module (SIM800C)

The GSM module enables wireless communication between the gas detector and the
user’s mobile phone. When the Arduino detects a gas leak, it sends an AT command
to the GSM module, which then transmits an SMS alert to the registered phone
number. The SMS typically includes a warning message such as “Gas leakage
detected! Please check immediately.” This allows users to take timely action even if
they are away from the monitored area.

4. Buzzer (Alert System)

The Buzzer serve as immediate local indicators. When a gas leak is detected, the
buzzer emits a loud sound to alert people nearby. This provides an instant warning
that helps prevent accidents before the situation worsens. The visual and sound
indications make the system suitable for homes, laboratories, and industrial
environments.
5. User

The User is the end recipient of the alert messages sent by the GSM module. Once
notified through SMS, the user can quickly respond by turning off the gas supply,
ventilating the area, or taking other safety measures.

5.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The circuit design is the core functional part of the GSM-Based Gas Detector
system. It interconnects all major components such as the Arduino UNO, MQ-2
gas sensor, GSM module, buzzer, and power supply unit.
The circuit is designed to sense, process, and communicate information in real
time. The gas sensor continuously detects the concentration of gases in the
environment, while the Arduino microcontroller processes the data and decides

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the appropriate action — such as triggering local alarms or sending an SMS alert
via the GSM module.
The GSM-based gas detector operates on the principle of gas sensing, data processing,
and wireless communication to detect and alert about the presence of hazardous or
combustible gases in the environment. It combines sensor technology, microcontroller
processing, and GSM-based wireless communication to provide real-time alerts to the
user in case of gas leakage.

This system continuously monitors the concentration of gases such as LPG (Liquefied
Petroleum Gas), butane, propane, or methane using the MQ-2 gas sensor. When the gas
concentration in the surrounding air exceeds a predefined threshold limit, the sensor sends
an analog signal to the Arduino Uno microcontroller, which then processes the signal and
activates both local alarms (buzzer) and remote alerts (SMS notification) through the
GSM module.

The complete working can be understood step-by-step as follows:

– Power Supply and Initialization

The system starts when power is supplied to the Arduino Uno board.
The 5V regulated supply powers the microcontroller, MQ-2 sensor, GSM module, and
buzzer.
During the initial seconds, the gas sensor undergoes a warm-up period to stabilize and
accurately detect the presence of gas molecules.
The Arduino Uno initializes serial communication with the GSM module using the
SoftwareSerial library to establish a connection at a specific baud rate (commonly 9600
bps).
At startup, the GSM module registers itself on the mobile network and becomes ready to
send or receive messages.

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 – Gas Detection by the MQ-6 Sensor

The MQ-6 sensor is a semiconductor-type sensor made of SnO₂ (Tin Dioxide), which
changes its electrical resistance when exposed to combustible gases.
Under normal clean air conditions, the sensor has high resistance.
When LPG or other flammable gases are present in the environment, the gas molecules
react with the oxygen on the sensor’s surface, reducing its resistance.
This change in resistance causes a variation in the output voltage, which is proportional to
the gas concentration.
The analog output pin (A0) of the sensor sends this varying voltage signal to the analog
input pin (A0) of the Arduino Uno.

– Signal Processing by Arduino Uno

The Arduino Uno microcontroller (ATmega328P) reads the analog signal from the sensor
and converts it into a digital value using its built-in 10-bit ADC (Analog-to-Digital
Converter).
The ADC converts the sensor’s voltage output (ranging from 0 to 5V) into a numerical
value between 0 and 1023.
The program in Arduino continuously compares this digital value with a preset threshold
value (e.g., 300).
If the gas concentration remains below this threshold, the system continues normal
monitoring.
However, when the gas level crosses the threshold, it indicates the possibility of a gas
leakage or hazardous condition.

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 – Activation of Alarm System

Once the threshold value is exceeded, the Arduino triggers the buzzer connected to a
digital pin (e.g., pin 9).
The buzzer produces a loud beeping sound audible alert to warn people nearby about the
gas leak.
This ensures that even without GSM communication, users in the vicinity are alerted
immediately and can take preventive measures such as turning off gas valves or
improving ventilation.

– GSM Communication and Message Alert

Along with the local alarm, the system also initiates the remote alert process through the
GSM module (e.g., SIM800c).
The Arduino sends a series of AT commands to the GSM module to configure it in SMS
text mode.
After establishing a connection with the mobile network, the GSM module sends a
warning message (e.g., “Gas Leakage Detected! Please check immediately.”) to the
predefined mobile number stored in the program.
This ensures that the user receives instant notification even if they are away from the
premises.
The communication between the Arduino and GSM module takes place via serial
communication (TX and RX pins) at 9600 baud rate.

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 – Continuous Monitoring and Reset

After sending the alert message, the system continues to monitor the gas concentration.
If the gas level drops below the threshold value, the buzzer automatically turns off, and
the system returns to its normal monitoring mode.
The entire process of detection, alert generation, and communication runs continuously
in a loop, ensuring real-time gas monitoring without any manual intervention.

5.3 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

– The GSM-Based Gas Detector (Safety System) integrates modern embedded
technology with reliable communication features to provide an effective, real-
time safety mechanism against hazardous gas leaks.
– This system offers numerous advantages over traditional gas detection
systems that rely only on local alarms, by incorporating remote alerting
capability, continuous monitoring, and automatic control.
– In this chapter, we discuss the main advantages and applications of the
developed system in domestic, industrial, and commercial environments.

 Advantages

– Dual Alert Mechanism

Local Alert: Visual and sound notifications through buzzer.

Remote Alert: SMS notification through the GSM module.

– Real-Time Monitoring
The Arduino UNO continuously monitors gas concentration using the MQ-2
sensor. Instant response is generated as soon as the gas exceeds the threshold
value.

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 – High Sensitivity and Accuracy
The MQ-2 gas sensor is highly sensitive to LPG, methane, and carbon
monoxide. Its analog output provides accurate readings proportional to the
gas concentration.

– Low Cost and Easy Maintenance

All components used — Arduino UNO, MQ-2, and GSM module — are low-
cost, easily available, and require minimal maintenance.

– Portability
-ion battery makes the system portable and suitable for installation in multiple
locations such as kitchens, industries, or laboratories.
– Compact and Lightweight
The complete circuit occupies very little space and can be easily mounted on
walls or safety enclosures.

– . Automatic Operation
Once powered, the system works autonomously without human intervention.
It resets automatically after safe conditions resume.

– Energy Efficiency
The circuit consumes very low power (less than 200 mA on average), which
makes it ideal for long-term monitoring applications.

– User-Friendly Design
The system requires no technical knowledge to operate. A simple power ON
is enough for continuous safety monitoring.

– High Reliability
The Arduino platform and GSM module ensure reliable performance even in
continuous 24×7 operation, offering dependable protection against gas
hazards.

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  Applications

• Domestic Use
Kitchens: To prevent accidents caused by LPG leaks from gas stoves or
cylinders.

Apartments: As part of home automation and safety systems.

• Industrial Use
Chemical Factories: To detect toxic and flammable gases during production.

Petrochemical Plants: To prevent fire or explosion due to gas leaks.

• Commercial Establishments
Hotels and Restaurants: To ensure customer and employee safety in kitchen
areas.

Laboratories and Workshops: To detect harmful fumes and ensure

environmental safety.

• Smart Cities and IoT Integration

When connected to IoT platforms, this system can form part of centralized
safety monitoring networks for smart homes, factories, and buildings.

5.4 Limitations

Although the system performed reliably, a few limitations were observed

during testing:

1.Network Dependency: GSM SMS alerts depend on mobile network

availability.

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2.Environmental Influence: Humidity and temperature slightly affect MQ-2
sensor readings.

3.Single-Gas Detection: The MQ-2 sensor cannot differentiate between gas

types.

4.Power Source: Requires regulated 5V; overvoltage can damage GSM module.

Discussion

The GSM-Based Gas Detector successfully achieved the objectives of the project
— detecting gas leaks, triggering alarms, and notifying the user remotely. The
integration of GSM technology significantly enhances system functionality
compared to traditional gas detectors. During trials, the system proved to be:
Reliable under repeated test conditions,

Accurate in detecting gas concentrations, and Effective in sending SMS alerts

promptly.
Overall, the developed prototype is a cost-effective safety solution with
significant potential for real-time domestic and industrial applications.

This chapter presented the experimental verification and results of the GSM
Based Gas Detector. The system exhibited excellent performance, fast response,
and high reliability, fulfilling the desired objectives. It can be further enhanced
with IoT cloud integration and additional sensors for multi-gas detection, which
will be discussed in the upcoming Future Scope chapter.

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5.5 Social and Environmental Impact

The GSM-Based Gas Detector also contributes to safety and sustainability goals:

Reduces risk of accidents and property loss due to gas explosions. Enhances
safety awareness among households and industries. Supports environmental
protection by preventing toxic gas emissions. Improves emergency response by
sending instant alerts to users.

Thus, it serves as both a technological innovation and a life-saving tool.

The GSM-Based Gas Detector offers a unique blend of safety, simplicity, and
technology. Its real-time monitoring, low cost, portability, and remote alert
capabilities make it a superior alternative to existing gas detection systems. The
system’s wide applicability across homes, industries, and institutions
demonstrates its potential for mass deployment in safety-critical environments.

The GSM-based gas detector project is not only a technological innovation but
also a socially responsible and environmentally significant safety system. It
addresses one of the major public concerns — gas leakage accidents — which
can cause devastating fires, explosions, or health hazards in homes, industries,
and commercial establishments. By using embedded technology, sensor
systems, and GSM communication, this project creates a smart, automated
safety network that contributes directly to public welfare, environmental
protection, and sustainable development.

a) Enhancement of Public Safety

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 The foremost social impact of this project is its contribution to human safety.
Gas leakages are silent hazards that often go unnoticed until it’s too late. The
GSM-based gas detector ensures early detection of leaks and sends instant
alerts to users, allowing them to take timely action. This rapid response system
can help prevent loss of life, injuries, and property damage, making living and
working environments safer.

b) Peace of Mind and Security

With continuous monitoring and automatic SMS notifications, individuals gain

a sense of security and confidence knowing that their environment is being
watched 24/7. Whether in households, restaurants, or factories, the system
provides reassurance to users and their families, even when they are away from
the location.

c) Support for Industrial Safety Standards

In industries that use or store flammable gases (like chemical plants, refineries,
or laboratories), this system supports occupational health and safety
compliance. It helps in meeting legal and regulatory standards for gas safety,
protecting both employees and equipment.

d) Reduction in Economic Losses

Gas accidents often result in large financial losses due to fire damage and
machinery breakdowns. By preventing such incidents, this project indirectly
saves money, infrastructure, and human resources, benefiting both individuals
and organizations.

e) Technological Awareness and Education

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 This project also promotes technological awareness among students, engineers,
and the public. It demonstrates how embedded systems, microcontrollers, and
GSM technology can be applied to solve real-life safety problems, inspiring
innovation and research in smart home and industrial safety systems.

f) Community and Emergency Response Integration

In future versions, the system can be linked to local emergency services (fire
stations or municipal authorities), creating a community-level alert network.
This would enable faster response times during accidents and enhance public
disaster management systems.

Environmental Impact

a) Prevention of Air Pollution

Gas leakages not only cause explosions but also release toxic and combustible
gases such as propane, butane, and methane into the atmosphere. These gases
contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. By detecting and
controlling leaks early, the system minimizes the release of such gases, helping
to maintain cleaner air quality.

b) Reduction of Fire and Explosion Hazards

Environmental destruction caused by fire incidents often results in loss of

vegetation, soil degradation, and toxic smoke. Preventing gas-related fires
through early detection helps in preserving the surrounding environment and
reducing ecological damage.

c) Contribution to Sustainable Living

The project encourages the concept of smart and sustainable homes. It

integrates automation and eco-friendly design, which aligns with modern
goals of creating energy-efficient and environmentally responsible systems.

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 Preventing wastage of natural gases also supports the efficient use of energy
resources.

d) Lower Carbon Footprint

By preventing unnecessary gas emissions, the system indirectly reduces the

carbon footprint of domestic and industrial activities. This contributes to
global efforts to mitigate climate change and supports sustainability goals
under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
particularly Goal 13: Climate Action.

e) Eco-Friendly Technology

The components used in the system (Arduino, MQ-2 sensor, and GSM
module) are low-power electronic devices, consuming very little energy.
Hence, the system is energy-efficient, requiring minimal maintenance and
generating no environmental waste during operation.

Broader Societal Benefits

1. Improved Quality of Life:

Safe living environments enhance the overall well-being and comfort of

individuals and families.

2. Support for Smart City Initiatives:

The system can be integrated into smart city frameworks, contributing to

intelligent public infrastructure that monitors environmental safety in real
time.

3. Employment and Innovation Opportunities:

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 Implementation of such systems encourages startups, engineers, and
technicians to develop new products and services in the field of IoT,
embedded systems, and environmental monitoring.

4. Awareness of Environmental Responsibility:

Promotes public understanding that technology can be used not only for
convenience but also for protecting nature and human life.

5. Long-Term Environmental and Social Vision

In the long run, wide adoption of GSM-based gas detectors could lead to zero-
accident environments in residential and industrial areas. It represents a
proactive step toward creating smart, green, and sustainable communities
where safety and environmental preservation go hand in hand. The system’s
low cost and high reliability make it accessible for all social classes,
supporting the vision of technology for everyone’s safety.

In summary, the GSM-based gas detector project has a significant positive

impact on both society and the environment. It promotes safety, reduces
pollution, conserves energy, and enhances overall awareness about
environmental responsibility. Through its ability to prevent disasters, save
lives, and protect natural surroundings, the project stands as a practical
example of technology serving humanity and nature simultaneously. Its
successful implementation contributes to a safer, cleaner, and more
sustainable world.

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 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 CONCLUSION:

The GSM-based gas detector project has proven to be an efficient, low-cost, and
reliable system designed to enhance home and industrial safety. The primary goal of
this project was to develop a system capable of detecting harmful or flammable
gases and immediately alerting users through an automatic GSM communication
network. By integrating an MQ-2 gas sensor, Arduino Uno microcontroller, and
GSM module, the project successfully demonstrates a complete safety mechanism
that identifies gas leakage in its early stages and instantly notifies the user via SMS,
even when they are away from the premises.

The system continuously monitors the surrounding environment and provides a real-
time response whenever gas concentrations exceed a predefined threshold. The
Arduino Uno acts as the central control unit, processing the sensor data and
activating both local alerts (buzzer) and remote alerts (SMS). This dual alert
mechanism ensures that appropriate preventive action can be taken immediately,
thereby minimizing the risk of fire, explosion, or health hazards.

The developed model offers a simple hardware design, low power consumption, and
easy installation, making it suitable for a wide range of applications such as domestic
kitchens, gas-powered vehicles, laboratories, and small-scale industries. It also
showcases how embedded systems and wireless communication can work together
to address real-life safety challenges effectively.

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 In conclusion, the GSM-based gas detector not only enhances the safety standards of
environments using combustible gases but also demonstrates how automation and
IoT-inspired concepts can be implemented at a practical and affordable level. The
system achieves its main objective of providing real-time, reliable, and remote gas
leakage monitoring, fulfilling the fundamental need for safety, awareness, and rapid
response.

6.2 Future Scope

Although the current GSM-based gas detector system performs efficiently, there is
considerable potential for further improvement and advancement. With the rapid
growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless networking, and smart automation
technologies, this project can be upgraded into a more sophisticated and intelligent
safety solution. The following points outline the possible future enhancements and
applications:

 Integration with IoT Platforms:

The system can be upgraded to transmit gas level data to cloud-based IoT platforms
such as Thing Speak, Blynk, or Firebase, enabling users to monitor air quality and gas
concentrations from anywhere in real time through a web dashboard or mobile
application.

 Use of Wi-Fi or LoRa Modules:

Instead of GSM, wireless communication can be achieved using Wi-Fi

(ESP8266/ESP32) or LoRa technology, which allows long-range and cost-effective

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 communication without SIM card dependency. This can make the system more
scalable for industrial and community-level deployment.

 Multi-Gas Detection Capability:

Future versions can include multiple sensors such as MQ-2, MQ-5, and MQ-135 to
detect a broader range of gases like methane, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. This
will make the system suitable for both domestic and industrial air quality monitoring.

 Automatic Ventilation and Safety Actions:

The system can be enhanced to automatically trigger safety mechanisms, such as

turning on exhaust fans, closing gas valves, or activating fire suppression systems,
ensuring preventive actions are taken without human intervention.

 . Battery Backup and Power Management:

By adding rechargeable batteries or solar-based power support, the system can

continue functioning during power failures, which are critical times when leaks might
go unnoticed.

 Mobile App Notifications:

In addition to SMS alerts, the system can be linked with a mobile application to send
push notifications, call alerts, or even display real-time sensor data with logs and
charts.

 AI-Based Predictive Monitoring:

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 By integrating artificial intelligence or machine learning algorithms, the system could
analyze trends in gas level data to predict possible leakage risks and alert users even
before dangerous levels are reached.

 Compact and Commercial Design:

The system’s hardware can be miniaturized and redesigned into a commercial-grade

prototype for easy installation in residential or industrial settings, making it a market-
ready product.

The GSM-based gas detector project lays a strong foundation for developing intelligent
safety systems. With its combination of automation, communication, and sensing
technologies, it not only meets immediate safety requirements but also opens a pathway
toward smart environmental monitoring and IoT-enabled industrial safety systems.

6.3 Proposed Future Enhancements

 IoT and Cloud Integration

The system can be connected to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform (like

Blynk, Thing Speak, or Firebase) to enable remote monitoring via mobile apps
or web dashboards. Gas concentration levels can be visualized in real time and
stored in a cloud database for analysis and safety record-keeping.

 Wi-Fi or Bluetooth Communication

Replacing GSM with Wi-Fi (using ESP8266 or Node MCU) or Bluetooth

modules can make the system faster and more cost-efficient in environments
with internet access. This would allow notifications to be sent via mobile
applications or IoT servers instead of SMS.

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  Multi-Gas Detection

Multiple sensors (like MQ-4, MQ-7, MQ-135) can be integrated to detect

different gases such as methane, CO₂, carbon monoxide, and ammonia
simultaneously. This would expand the system’s use from domestic safety to
industrial environmental monitoring.

 Integration with Fire Suppression System

The system can be connected to automatic exhaust fans or electromagnetic

valves that shut off gas supply when leakage is detected. This will make the
system not only alerting but also preventive.

 Solar Power Operation

Implementing a solar charging circuit for the lithium-ion battery would make
the device energy independent and eco-friendly. Ideal for remote locations with
limited power supply.

 Mobile App Notifications

A custom Android app can be developed to receive real time alerts through push
notifications, providing more interactive control compared to SMS-based
communication.

 GPS Tracking

For large-scale industrial setups, integrating a GPS module allows users to

pinpoint the exact location of the gas leak and send coordinates along

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 CHAPTER 7 RESULT

▪ After designing and assembling the hardware and software components of

the GSM-Based Gas Detector (Safety System), the prototype was
successfully implemented and tested. The testing phase involved verifying
sensor responses, GSM message transmission, and alarm functionality under
various gas concentrations.
▪ The objective of this chapter is to present the experimental setup,
observations, and results obtained during testing, along with a detailed
discussion of the system’s performance and reliability.

7.1 Experimental Setup

breadboard using the following components:
Arduino UNO (ATmega328P microcontroller)

MQ-2 gas sensor

GSM SIM800L module with SIM card

Buzzer

3.7V lithium-ion battery (with USB power booster)

 The Arduino UNO was programmed through the Arduino IDE, and the GSM
module was configured using a SIM card with active SMS service.

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 7.2 Testing Procedure

The testing was conducted in two stages:

Stage 1 – Sensor Calibration

 The MQ-2 sensor was allowed to warm up for 20 seconds for stable

readings. Baseline values were recorded in clean air. Controlled gas

exposure (LPG lighter/small leak) was used to test sensitivity.

Stage 2 – System Response

 The system continuously monitored gas concentration. When gas levels

exceeded the threshold (analog value ≈ 300), The buzzer turned ON. The
GSM module sent a text message alert to the registered mobile number.
Once the gas dissipated, the system automatically reset.

7.3 Observations
The sensor output increased significantly when gas concentration was
high. The buzzer responded instantly, and the SMS alert was successfully
delivered within 3–5 seconds after detection.

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 7.4 Output Screenshots

SMS Alert Output

The GSM module sends the following message to the registered mobile
number:

> “ALERT: Gas Leakage Detected! Please check immediately

7.5 Performance Analysis

 Response Time: The system’s average response time between gas exposure

and alert generation was less than 2 seconds, demonstrating real-time

performance suitable for safety applications.

 Reliability: The GSM message transmission success rate was 100% within

network coverage. Even under weak signal conditions, the module queued
and sent the message automatically once the signal stabilized.

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  Power Efficiency: The system consumed less than 200 mA on average ,

making it suitable for battery operation for extend periods.

 Accuracy: Repeated tests under different gas concentrations showed

consistent results, confirming the system’s reliability for domestic and

small industrial use.

7.6 Advantages Observed

▪ Dual alert system: Local + remote notification ensures immediate response.

▪ Compact and portable: Lightweight design for home and lab installation.

▪ Quick SMS delivery: Notification within seconds of detection.

▪ Self-resetting: Automatically returns to monitoring mode after safe

conditions resume.
▪ Low cost: Uses readily available and affordable components.

Limitations

– Although the system performed reliably, a few limitations were observed

during testing.
– Network Dependency: GSM SMS alerts depend on mobile network

availability.
– .Environmental Influence: Humidity and temperature slightly affect MQ-2

sensor readings.
– Single-Gas Detection: The MQ-2 sensor cannot differentiate between gas

types.

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 REFERENCES

 Books and Technical Literature

 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi, and Sepehr Naimi (2019). The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C. Pearson Education,
India. This book provides deep insights into microcontroller architecture and
programming, which forms the foundation for understanding Arduino-based system
design used in the GSM gas detector project.

 Simon Monk (2017). Programming Arduino: Getting Started with Sketches. McGraw-
Hill Education. Offers a step-by-step explanation of how to program Arduino boards
and interface them with sensors and communication modules. This is directly relevant
to implementing the gas detection and GSM communication functionalities.

 C. K. Toh (2002). Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems. Pearson
Education. Provides a detailed understanding of mobile communication systems,
including GSM principles that are essential for understanding the wireless alert
mechanism of the project.

 John B. Peatman (1998). Embedded Design with the PIC Microcontroller. Prentice
Hall. explains embedded design concepts applicable to Arduino-based automation and
control systems.

 P. R. Soni and N. J. Pathak (2018). Internet of Things: Principles and Paradigms.

Elsevier Publications .Discusses IoT integration, which serves as an extension to
GSM-based systems for future scope and development
 Research Papers and Journals

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 R. K. Kodali, V. Jain, and S. Karagwal (2016). “IoT Based Smart Gas Leakage
Detection System.” International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics,
Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), IEEE This paper discusses the
design of a gas leakage detection system using IoT and GSM modules, aligning closely
with the objectives of this project.

 B. Bhattacharyya and P. K. Sahu (2015). “Development of GSM-Based Embedded

System for Hazardous Gas Detection and Alerting.” International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), Vol. 4, Issue
3.Highlights GSM-enabled communication for real-time hazard warning, similar to the
alert mechanism used in the project.

 P. Sharma and D. Kumar (2018). “Design and Implementation of Wireless Gas Leakage
Detection System.” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol. 7, Issue
4. Discusses sensor interfacing, GSM module operation, and Arduino programming for
gas leakage detection systems.

 V. K. Singh and R. K. Singh (2019). “Smart Gas Detection System Using Arduino and
GSM Module.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation and Control Engineering (IJIREEICE). Demonstrates how Arduino
Uno, MQ sensors, and GSM modules are used in real-time safety monitoring systems.

 Online Technical Sources and Tutorials

 Arduino Official Website. (2025). https://www.arduino.cc The official source for

Arduino IDE, libraries, programming references, and hardware pin configurations
used for coding and interfacing the GSM and MQ6 sensor.

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 . Electronics Hub. “GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System Using Arduino.”
(2024). https://www.electronicshub.org Offers a detailed project guide with circuit
diagrams and code explanations for GSM-based gas detection.

 Circuit Digest. “Gas Leakage Detector using MQ2 Gas Sensor with GSM Module.”
(2024). https://circuitdigest.com Explains practical interfacing of MQ2 sensors with
Arduino and GSM modules, including calibration methods and testing procedures.

 ResearchGate. “Wireless Gas Detection Systems Based on Microcontroller and GSM

Technology.” (2023). https://www.researchgate.net Provides open-access scholarly
articles related to embedded gas detection projects.

 Instructables. “Arduino Gas Leak Detector with SMS Alert.” (2024).

https://www.instructables.com A community-based project that shares practical
implementation details similar to the GSM gas detector design.

 Component Datasheets and Standards

 MQ-2 Gas Sensor Datasheet. Hanwei Electronics Co., Ltd. (2023). Details the working
characteristics, sensitivity curves, and electrical properties of the MQ-6 gas sensor
used in the project.

 SIM800C GSM Module Datasheet. SIM Com Wireless Solutions. (2022). Provides
the technical specifications and AT command set necessary for GSM communication
and SMS alert programming.

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 Arduino Uno R3 Technical Specifications. Arduino.cc. (2024). Contains hardware and
pin configuration details used in the project’s hardware interfacing.

 IEEE Standards Association. “IEEE Standard for Wireless Sensor Networks in

Hazardous Environments.” (2019) Describes safety guidelines and design standards
for developing wireless safety systems.

 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). “Gas Detection and Alarm Systems — Performance
and Safety Requirements.” IS/IEC 60079 (2020). National and international safety
standards relevant to the design and testing of gas detection system.
The above references collectively form the academic, technical, and practical
foundation of the GSM-based gas detector project. They cover every major domain—
from embedded design, wireless communication, and sensor technology to industrial
safety standards and IoT applications. By integrating information from these trusted
sources, the project achieves a well-rounded understanding of how modern
microcontroller-based safety systems function in real-world environments.

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