Rafael Bluteau

VOCABULARY
ON PROPER NAMES

Edited by João Paulo Silvestre

 PORTUGUESEDICTIONARY-VII

RAFAEL BLUTEAU

VOCABULARY
ON PROPER NAMES

Editing of

JOÃO PAULO SILVESTRE

UAEDITORA
2023
PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY
Editor da coleção: João Paulo Silvestre

Previous volumes
I.T. Verdelho, J. P. Silvestre (eds.) Portuguese Lexicography. Inventorying and
study of lexicographic heritage
II.T. Verdelho, J. P. Silvestre, I. Prates (eds.) Madureira Feijó. Orthography or Art of
write correctly in the Portuguese Language
III.T. Verdelho, J. P. Silvestre (eds.) Bilingual Lexicography. The Dictionary Tradition
Portuguese - modern languages
IV.J. P. Silvestre, A. Villalva (eds.) Planning non-existent dictionaries
V.J. P. Silvestre, E. Cardeira, A. Villalva (eds.) Colour and Colour Naming: cross-
linguistic approaches
VI.A. Villalva, G. Williams (eds.) The landscape of lexicography

Título| Vocabulário de nomes próprios

Collection | Portuguese Lexicography. No. 7
Autores | João Paulo Silvestre (ed. lit.); Rafael Bluteau, 1638-1734
Cover image | The Holy Kinship by Bottega di Geertgen tot Sint Jans
Printing and finishing | Classic, Graphic Arts. Porto
Edition | UA Publisher, University of Aveiro
1st edition | January 2023
Print run | 25 copies
ISBN |978-972-789-832-9
DOI |https://doi.org/10.48528/2db8-mv83
Legal deposit |511232/23

The contents presented are the exclusive responsibility of their respective authors. © Authors.
This work is under the International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is funded by national funds through the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology
Technology, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDB/04188/2020
 Index

Introduction

Ancient modern names. The Portuguese anthroponymy described

by Rafael Bluteau. III

Edition

Vocabulary of proper names, demonyms, and Christian names. 1

Vocabulary of male and female proper names. 25

Very rare names of emperors, kings, princes, and knights

Names of wandering knights, and others from these books... 117

Names of pastors and pastoresses... 124

Ridiculous names that formed proverbs and vulgar stories... 125

Names of Italian comedians 126

Names of French comedians. 126

Proper names used by the Portuguese in Brazil. 127

Index of names................................................. 129

 Old modern names.
The Portuguese anthroponymy described
by Rafael Bluteau

The first systematic study of the onomastics of Portugal, due to Leite de

Vasconcelos (1928) provided us with the description of the formation of anthroponyms in

Portugal, with data from the medieval period to the early 20th century. The
the quality of the work diverted attention from the previous sources, which were the

treatises on genealogy and nobility, or ancient dictionaries.

One of the disregarded sources is a set of name vocabularies.
own, published in 1728 as an annex to the Portuguese and Latin Vocabulary of
Rafael Bluteau (b. London, 1638 - d. Lisbon, 1734). The great dictionary was
published between 1712 and 1728, inspired by academic dictionaries and informed
from the pre-encyclopedic texts published throughout the seventeenth century. It brings together

for Portuguese a collection of over 37 thousand entries, including toponyms,

metonyms and demonyms.
The proper names had been excluded from the original plan of the dictionary, which

favored linguistic information and translation in Latin. The names of

people would demand treatment according to the model defined in the
IV PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

historical dictionaries, in which the name had a reference and the respective news
biographical1.
Bluteau collected the entries of his dictionary through extensive reading of
printed texts in Portuguese, from which I extracted words and phrases, that
was inventorying in notebooks. These partial notes may have resulted
the various lists of anthroponyms that you finally decide to publish in the volume of

supplement2The new lists have an unequal length and, in some cases,

overlap in terms of the types of names they include. They are accomp-
batches of prefaces or explanatory paratexts about the variety,
antiquity and particular characteristics of Portuguese names.
One of the reasons this source may not have received the attention it deserves could be the

the unsystematic nature of the lists of names. They are as follows:

- Vocabulary of proper names, demonyms, and Christian names, for Latin, and for
to distinguish one from the other in baptism
Vocabulary of male and female proper names, more or less
more common, more vulgar, or more rare
Very rare names of emperors, kings, princes, and knights
Names of wandering knights, and others from these books
Names of pastors and pastoresses
Ridiculous names that formed proverbs and vulgar stories
Names of Italian comedians
Names of French comedians
Proper names used by the Portuguese in Brazil

There is a fundamental distinction between lists of people's names (the

the first three and the last) and the names of fictional characters from tradition

1
My vocabulary is not of people. If the names of people enter the leaves of the names,
from Adam, it will be necessary to give place to Abel, and to all the other eminent people,
whose names start with A, and therefore it will be necessary to do the same for the
names that start with the first letters of the entire alphabet: names of people
they belong to historical vocabularies, like that of Moreri; names of things are for
language vocabularies." (Bluteau, 1712-1728, Vocabulary, Sup.I, "To the reader
pseudocritical".
2
Bluteau, 1712-1728, Vocabulary, Sup. II, pp. 1-56.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES V

literary. The first list includes names that refer to information

biographical (typical of a historical dictionary). It seems to us that there is a relationship

with a pamphlet by Claude Chastelain (1700) in which the theme is convenience

in using names of Catholic saints. The attestation of names goes beyond the scope
from Portuguese anthroponymy or Christian hagiography, with the inclusion of notes
of a biographical type, collected from French historical dictionaries. The inclusion
The use of saint names not used in Portugal seems to result from the consultation of

Hagiological vocabulary published as an appendix to the Etymological Dictionary

Ménage (1694). This source proved useful in the establishment of Latin names.

correspondents and in an attempt to explain the differences in forms

Portuguese in relation to other European languages.
The Lusitanian Monarchy of Bernardo de Brito and the Decades of João de Barros

provided most of the ancient, rare or out of use names, as well as

brief historical news. The attestation of names comes out of the scope of
anthroponymy of the territory of Portugal or of Christian hagiography, with the inclusion

biographical notes relating to names of bishops and members of

royal families, gathered from foreign encyclopedic dictionaries. They refer to
of episodes from the lives of the saints, extracted from the Roman Martyrology (1681) and from

Lusitanian Agiologium (1657-1666)3.

The second vocabulary, of male and female proper names, gathers

about 530 entries. The prologue rehearses a theoretical systematization,
explicitly directed to foreign readers, with detailed explanations

3
Brites, or Britis. I do not know of any saint by this name, but with little change it is
name derived from Beatrice, saint, who during the time of Emperor Diocletian was drowned.
in prison for the confession of Christ our Lord. She was the sister of the saints Simplicius, and
Faustino, who after many and various torments were beheaded. In
The Roman Martyrology mentions this saint on July 29.
introduction, all citations from the Vocabulary of names follow this edition.
VI PORTUGUESE DICTIONARIES

regarding the formation of names in Portuguese, about aspects such as the

combination of nicknames or the use of the preposition of.
The lexicographer's goal is to compile a broad list of names, and
simultaneously, appreciate the frequency of use, through a classification
tripartite that also encompasses the diachronic dimension. In each sequence
alphabetical the entries are divided into three groups: common names, names
rare and ancient names. Judging by the attestation sources, many of the names
classified as rare are also ancient, but have known a use
continued until the eighteenth century, being, however, infrequent. They are also
included names that, although rare in Portuguese, were part of the
European historical memory or were common anthroponyms in languages
foreign. They are registered with the necessary adaptations to the morphology.
Portuguese, keeping the confrontation with the original form (e.g. Lanzarote, is
taken from French Lancelot
In addition to the certification of Portuguese names and the Portuguese adaptation of names

foreigners, these vocabulary of names present a set of

information of interest for linguistic study, as pointed out in
followed by some examples:
The classification of common or rare names, which are used with some type
of social or geographical delimitation. The restrictions are made by indicating the group

in which the name is commonly attributed:

Adrião. In the nobility of Portugal, it is not used. It was more common among the people.
Adam [...] is more used among farmers in Portugal.
Brázia, the feminine form of Braz, more commonly used among the people and locals.

Benedict, the name of a black saint, more commonly used among those of that nation.
Domingas, the feminine form of Domingos, is more commonly used among the people.

Silvestra, feminine of Silvestre, used among rustic women.

The condition of a non-native speaker may explain the special attention to
shared Iberian onomastic heritage. The names of the Christian tradition are
used and recognized in both countries, also resembling in
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES VII

written representation. However, there would be a perception of the low frequency of

some of these names in Portugal, which may suggest that they became popular in
to depart from Spanish.
Ângela, derived from angel, is more commonly used in Castile than in Portugal, and in this
but in the nobility.
Hope is a name used in Portugal and Castile.
Laura, which is used in Castile; in Portugal, it is seldom found outside of poetry.
Manrique. As a surname, it also became a name, derived from Henrique. It is more
used in Castile, which in Portugal; and it was only in some noble families.
Salvadora, more commonly used in Castile.

The foreign ear motivates the lexicographer to identify so-called variations.

corruptions of Portuguese names. They would occur in oral form and are recorded.

to highlight the differences in relation to the correct forms. The vocabulary of

the source will be the most extensive of examples of these phenomena - generally
change of vowel quality, diphthongization, prosthetic addition or metathesis.
Anthony Antoino
Ascend Incense
Brizida Abrídida
Caetano Gueatano
Camilla Camilla
Fadrique Fradique
Fernando Farnando
Gabriel Graviel
Gastão Castão
Gregory Gregoria
Gregory Gregor
Henrique Errique
Isabel Zabel
Jaime Games
Jerónimo Jerólimo
Lourenço Loirenço
Magdalena Madanela
Daisy Margaida
Saint Macarius Samagaio
VIII PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

However, these are not names that surprise Portuguese speakers.

contemporary, as they correspond to ancient pronunciations that remain in
use, regardless of the spelling solutions for its representation
escrita (e.g.Ilena,Imília,Ingrácia, porElena,Emília,Engrácia).
Still in consideration of foreign readers, this dictionary grants a
unusual attention to hypocoristic variations of common names, which classifies
diminutives. If they are not explicitly marked as diminutives,
may be perceived as a proper name, and improperly used outside of the
private sphere. The vocabulary is a rare source of these names of intimate use,

that would very likely not be documented in printed text4.

Anna Anica
Antonia Antonica, Antoninha
Antonio Antoninho
Bartholomew Bartholomew
Catharina Little Cat
Felippa Felippinha
Fernando Fernandinho
Francisco Francisquinho
Gonçalo Gonçalinho
Inês Inezinha
Joanna Ladybug, Little Ladybug
John Joanico, or Joanzinho;
Joseph Little José
Josefa Josefinha
Leonor Lionorinha
Lourenço Little Lourenço
Louis Luisinho, Luisico
Manuel Little Manoel
Maria ["Pansies","Sissies","Queer","Faggot"]

4
Do not seem childish to deal with diminutives, because these are also the
boys of large names, and those who consider them useless or ridiculous in us
vocabularies these observations, or nominal news, do not know that for the
Foreigners are often among the most important.
own, p. 25.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES IX

The Bluteau dictionary served as a supportive tool for composition.

literary, as it collected common thematic elements in Baroque discourse
(mythology, ancient history, common places of Latin rhetorical tradition). A
the inclusion of poetic names seems to respond to the search for fictional names

for use in the context of literary production, either to conceal identities,

want to represent them in a rhetorically motivated language. The names
poetic ones are based on Latinized mythological names, anagrams,
initial letters or sound suggestions. However, despite not being
common names at the time the dictionary was compiled are recognized
names that will spread in the following centuries due to cultural influence
literary or interlinguistic contact. An evident example of this
social transformation is the modern preference for the names Mário and Mauro
poetic names of Manuel - or Lucinda, poetic of Luzia. Other examples,
which recognize frequent names in modern onomastics are:
Common name Poetic name
Ana Diana
Bernardo Berardo
Catarina ["Clorinda","Clarinda","Cintia"]
Clara Clarícia
Fernando Happy, Fábio
Francisco Happy, Fileno
Helena Elisa
Inês Nice
Isabel Isabela, Lésbia, Isbela, Elibela
Joana Aónia
Leonor Leonida
Lourenço Lauro
Luísa Lídia
Luzia Lucinda
Madalena Matilde
Manuel Márcio, Mário
Maria Márcia
Rosa Rosaura, Rosalinda
X PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

It will also be within the scope of literary use that meanings are explained.

connotative associations with names, creating a semantic link with the

meaning of the words from which they derived in ancient languages. These
associations result in what could be designated as "adjective names", in
that the knowledge of an etymology prompts an attribution of
characteristics.
Anna, Hebrew name, which means graceful and favored.
Gabriel, in Hebrew, fortress of God[…]
Susanna, signifies light, rose, and joy; and it seems that these are pleasant.
properties granted you the privilege of being almost the only name in the Testament
Old, which is more common in Portugal, less in the nobility.

Except for the very rare names of emperors and proper names
used by the Portuguese in Brazil, the remaining lists enumerate names
fictitious. Beyond the fact that these move away from Portuguese anthroponymy,
are less interesting in terms of lexicographic technique, since
the entries follow each other with little or no explanations, and sometimes even
with disrespect for the alphabetical order. Names like occur:
- Knights: Palmeirim of England, Palmeirim of Oliva, Don Quixote of la
Stain, Rodamonte, Roldão, Rogeiro, Rocicler.
- Pastores: Salício, Sereno Pescador, Silvano
Ridiculous names: Gargantua, a name that intimidates boys, and that
It was taken from the famous story of Rabelais, a French doctor of exquisite scholarship.
- Comediantes: Arlequim, Scaramucha, Polichinelo.

The thematic division (knights, comedians, pastors) seems to arise from

utilization of a nominative fund of literary memory, with particular attention
highlight for the chivalric literature, what can be considered as a
testimony of the prevalence of this genre in Portugal in the 17th century.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES XI

The edition of the vocabulary set aims to provide access to the fund.
onomastic that is contained in them, but also facilitate the reading of the

comments on the history of names, frequency, and restrictions on use. In this

sentido, optou-se pela modernização ortográfica, intervindo em aspetos como
the regularization of the use of capital letters, the development of abbreviations
and the correction of typos.

The punctuation was changed when necessary, to clarify long.

complex sentence sequences. However, the forms that remain are
witness linguistic particularities of the period and that, for the
the generality of modern readers do not disturb understanding.
Regarding the transcription of names, features such as the
duplication of consonants, or etymologizing digraphs. It becomes regularized
accentuation whenever possible, in order to identify the stressed syllable.
It is a period in the history of the language in which an experiment is being conducted

orthographic normalization, the author embraces recognized variants and at times

indicate which ones you consider most frequent or correct. In the face of this
metalinguistic testimony, from an edition that standardized the spelling of
names would result in an incoherent text.
For the index that completes the edition, names were selected.
that the author marks as Portuguese or used in Portugal, in the variations
graphs that are considered acceptable.
XII PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

References

BARROS, João de, 1552-1615. [Decades]. Asia of Joam de Barros [...], Lisbon, G.
Galharde, 1552; Third decade of Asia [...], Lisbon, J. de Barreira, 1563; Fourth
decade of Asia […], Madrid, Royal Press, 1615.
BLUTEAU, Rafael, 1712-1728.Vocabulario portuguez e latino [...].Tomos I e II:
Coimbra, At the College of Arts of the Society of Jesus, 1712; volumes III and IV:
Coimbra, In the College of Arts of the Society of Jesus, 1713; volume V: Lisbon,
Pascoal da Sylva's Workshop, 1716; volumes VI and VII: Lisbon, Pascoal da's Workshop
Sylva, 1720; volume VIII: Lisbon, Officina de Pascoal da Sylva, 1721; supplement I:
Lisbon, Workshop of Joseph Antonio da Sylva, 1727; supplement II: Lisbon, In
Patriarchal Office of Music, 1728. Available at the National Digital Library.
National Library of Portugal. https://purl.pt/13969
BRITO, Bernardo de, et al., 1973-1988 (1597-1727). Lusitanian Monarchy, 8 vols. Lisbon:
Lisbon: National Press - Mint (original edition: 1st part: Alcobaça,
Alexandre de Siqueira & Antonio Aluarez, 1597; 2nd part: Lisbon, Pedro
Crasbeeck, 1609; 3rd and 4th parts: Lisbon, Pedro Craesbeck, 1632; 5th part: Lisbon,
Paulo Craesbeeck, 1650; 6th part: Lisbon, Joam da Costa, 1672; 7th part: Lisbon.
Antonio Craesbeeck de Mello, 1683; 8th part: Lisbon, Music Office, 1727.
CARDOSO, Jorge, 1652-1744. Lisboan hagiology of saints and illustrious men [...]. 4.
vols. I: Lisboa, na Officina Craesbeekiana, 1652; II: Lisboa, Officina de Henrique
Valente d'Oliveira, 1657; III: Lisbon, Workshop of Antonio Craesbeeck de Mello,
1666; IV: Lisbon, Royal Sylvan Workshop, 1744.
CHASTELAIN, Claude, 1700. Vocabulary of French and Latin names of saints and of
saints that can be given at baptism and confirmation, and under the title
of which a church or a chapel can be blessed […]. Paris: L. Josse.
LOBO, Álvaro, 1591.Martyrologio romano […].Coimbra: Antonio de Maris.
MÉNAGE, Gilles, 1694.Dictionaire Etymologique, ou Origines de la Langue Françoise
Paris: At J. Anisson.
SILVESTRE, João Paulo, 2021. "The choice of the proper name: legal framework and evolution
from contemporary anthroponymy in Portugal, Roman Studies of Brno, 42, 1,
217-231.
SILVESTRE, João Paulo, 2008.Bluteau e as Origens da Lexicografia Moderna.Lisboa:
National Press - Mint House.
VASCONCELOS, José Leite de, 1928. Portuguese Anthroponymy. Lisbon: Press
National.
 Vocabulary of proper names,
gentiles and Christians, into Latin,
and to distinguish them from each other
no baptism

So far, in this work, the proper names of

people. To some, it seemed like useless curiosity, while to others it seemed like precise utility.

They are certainly right, because the Vocabulary is Portuguese, and Latin, and there is

Portuguese proper names, which, without knowledge of the Latin language, are not easy.

translate into Latin, where they are commonly used.

From what I have observed, out of all the authors of French dictionaries and
Latinos, only P. Francisco Pomey, from the Society of Jesus, remembered of the

proper names, as seen in the words, Antoine, Benoit, Charles,

François, Pierre, and many others, in the latest edition of their Dictionary, printed.
in the Lion of France, at the Workshop of António Horácio Molin, year 1691. Animated

with this example, I will not only say the Latin, which is usually given to proper names

os autores, mas distinguindo os nomes gentílicos dos nomes cristãos, a estes

I would give preference, as they are ordinarily names of saints.
In order to Latin, Portuguese proper names can be reduced to three.
classes: some differ from Latin, others are almost purely Latin, others of
no luck are derived from Latin.
In the class of Portuguese proper names different from Latin, those that
they follow. Diogo, Didacus; Estevão, Stephanus; Luís, Ludovicus, or Aloysius;
Miguel,Michael; João,Joannes; Jorge,Georgius; André,Andreas; Jerónymo,
2 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Hieronymus; Dinis,Dionysius; Pedro,Petrus; Carlos,Carolus; Thomé,

Thomas; Rodrigo,Rodericus; Bento,Benedictus; Duarte,Eduardus; Jaime,
Jacob; Manuel, Emmanuel; Dominic, Dominicus; Sancho, Sancius; Nuno,
Nonius; Inez,Agnes; Isabel,Elisabetha, etc.
The second class is that of Portuguese proper names, which with the change of
the last syllable is latinizated. And thus all the aforementioned names, which end in 'no',

Latins are formed with the last syllable in -nus, Antonino, Bernardino, Celestino,
Constantino, Donaciano, Emiliano, Feliciano, Geminiano, Hadriano, Juliano,
Longinus, Marcellinus, Octavian, Paulinus, Rufinus, Saturninus, Terentianus
Valeriano, and others with similar endings, make in Latin Antoninus,
Bernardinus, Celestinus, Constantinus, etc. The Portuguese proper names,
that end in -ro, it is the same, Athenodoros, Cyros, Diodoros, Floros, Heliodoros,

Isidore, Prosper, Severus, Theodore, Casimir, in these, and in other oracles

Muda Emrus, Athenodorus, Cyrus, Diodorus, Florus, etc. In proper names,
that end in 'to', almost always follow the same rule, Alberto, Albertus;
Roberto,Robertus; Lamberto,Lambertus, etc.
Finally, most of the names, whose last syllable is fazio, ao, mo, co, do,
no, yes, no Latin makes, right, out, mine, whose, our, theirs. Ambrose, Ambrosus;
António,Antonius, etc. Niculao,Nicolaus; Stanislao,Stanislaus; Hermolao,
Hermolaus; Anselmo,Anselmus; Edmundo,Edmundus; Chrysóstomo,
Chrysostom, etc. Paul, Paulinus, etc. Francis, Francis; Symmachus,
Symmacus; Uldarico,Uldaricus; Theodoro,Theodorus; Gaudioso,Gaudiosus;
Damasus, Damasus; Fructuoso, Fructuosus, etc. and so on with others.

The third class is of proper names, which not only have no affinity
with Latin, but they are not names of saints, nor in the oldest legends do they appear

However, in this place, my zeal compels me to be astonished in Catholic kingdoms, names

suitable or unsuitable to the decorum and holiness of the religion, that people

they profess.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 3

In the sacrament of baptism, the imposition of the name is a kind of

warning, for the perfection of life, to which the godparents must provide
godchildren, one day to have their names written in the book of life, and to be
of the number two that St. Paul says, whose names are in the book of life1.
The church also usually imposes a new name on the catechumens, to
to warn them of the obligation they have to give start to a new life, to
one day they will achieve the eternal.

Given this, parents, godparents, and parish priests should diligently seek that the

baptized should not take gentile, fabulous, extravagant names and

unknown to the church, which for everyone has names of angels, and countless saints,

whose example and sponsorship can benefit us greatly in the exile of this world. It is

this care so important, and noble, that several times heaven has inspired it
to the parents the names, which it was proper to give to the children, as a presage of their future

glory, and holiness.

Contrary to what usually happens to newborns, from the womb
mothers gave birth in Saint Edmund so cleanly that the midwives were filled with admiration,

In the cloth in which he was wrapped, there was no stain, nor any blemish.

so remarkable filth, that at the baptismal font the parents named her
Edmundus, as if to say Es mundus, a name that foretold purity.
Angelica, with whom she lived. Saint Hortulana, mother of Saint Clare, asking for

I temple a good hour to God for childbirth, I heard a voice that said to her: No
themes woman, you will give birth to a daughter, who will illuminate the world. Do not be afraid, woman,

For you will give birth to a light that will illuminate the World more clearly.
Encouraged by this hope, Hortulana named the fortunate child
Clara. When the sky performs the duty of a godfather, the names that are given in the

baptism is mysteries, and announcements of future happiness. But with names

founded on fables, and feats of fantastic heroes, what fruit can be

1
Epistle to the Philippians, chapter 4.
4 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

to expect such ridiculous vanity? Even children, if it were possible for them with

stammering accents would express their disgust in this case,

as it has happened on one occasion. Year 1622, in France, in Lower Brittany,
between Landernac and Morlay, with the priest of a certain parish ready to baptize

a girl wanted her godfather to give her his name, but since it was
Here, miraculously spoke the girl, and with astonishment from all said: Maria
my name is Maria, clear proof that when it suits,
even the heaven strives to decree that Christians are given names
provided to perfection of your state.
In Portugal, although it is a kingdom highly zealous of the rites and observances of

The Catholic Church, for many years, has been introduced into families, more
conspicuous, some proper names of subjects, not yet admitted,
for the future to be admitted in the catalog of saints. Of some, and others goes the

news that I could find. It will serve for the parents and godparents to know if the
names that they wanted to give to their children and godchildren are names of
saints. I warn the reader that in the declaration of the names that follow,
The word profane is not injurious, it simply means worldly or not sacred. M.
L. means Lusitanian Monarchy.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 5

Adeosinda, married to King D. Afonso, the Catholic. M. L. volume 2, fol. 390,

col. 1. I don't think there are saints of this name.

Aidulfo, Abbot of Lorvão. M. L. volume 2, fol. 293. There is a Saint Adulfo, bishop.
from Osnabrück, city of Germany.

Aprígio. Name, in my opinion, is profane. There was a bishop by the name of Beija.
M. L. volume 2, page 178, column 4.

Aragunta, Wife of King D. Ordonho. M. L. volume 2, page 330. B. See Urraca,

in its alphabetical order.

Arthur. Profane name. From this name there was a king of England, of whom...
tells remarkable things, but mostly fabulous ones. Through him, they wait for the
Englishmen; and among them, it is a common adage, Waiting for Arthur. That is why Pedro says

Blessings in Epistle 57. If you believe these, you will be able to await Arthur with
In Portugal, we have some Arturos, but few.

Aldonça. Profane name. Aldonça Rodrigues, mother of Afonso Sanches, son of

King D. Dinis. M. L. volume 5. page 175.

Alda, a profane name. Mrs. Alda Vasques, daughter of the mayor Vasco. M. L. volume
5. fol. 234 col. 3.

April. Male name. D. Abril Pires, great-grandson of Egas Moniz through the male line. M.
L. volume 4 fol. 122. col. 3. Brother Abril Pires of the Order of St. Francis. M. L. volume

5. fol. 234 col. 3. It is a profane name.

6 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Aparício. Profane name. Aparício Domingues, overseer of Santarém. M. L.

volume 6, folio 442, column 1.

Aymerico, or Eymerio. Names of a saint, Sanctus Emericus, prince of

Hungary. There is also Sanctus Emerius, bishop of Banholes, in the diocese of

Girona. In Portugal Aymerico, or Eymerio, was bishop of Coimbra. It is presumed-

having been the master of King D. Dinis. M. L. volume 5. page 235. column 1 and 2.

Affonsos, Alphonsos, Alonsos, and Álvaros, I don't find in the Martyrology

Roman; in the Stories of Spain I find many.

Ahufo Ahufes. See below Huffo Huffes.

Ayres. I do not think there is a saint's name that matches this one, except Aregius, to which the
French people call S. Arey, bishop of Nevers, or Sanctus Aredius, bishop of Gap,
city of France, in the Dauphiné. The French say S. Arige. From D. Ayres, which
he was the first prior of the Order of the Hospital in Portugal, says a Deed in
time of King D. Afonso Henriques: To you D. Arie, of the Portuguese,
Of the Calasins and the brethren Prior. M. L. volume 5. page 47. column 2.

Annes. I suppose it's not a surname, just indicate it always together with
proper names, e.g. D. Pedro Annes, husband of Dona Urraca; and another Pedro
Annes, son of D. João de Avoym. If Annes is indeed a proper name, imposed in
baptism, or we can derive from the French Eanne, which is the name of a bishop
from Poitiers, in France (according to the Hagiological Dictionary of Ménage, verb

Annarius); or it is Annes derived from Anna, name, with which, therefore

female, has honored some illustrious families in France,
particularly that of Montmorenci, because it gave an Anna of Montmorenci,
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 7

Marichal, the Duke, and Peer of France, and another Anna, also Montmorency, who
was Constable of the said Kingdom.

These feminine saint names are more commonly used in Italy, Francisco Maria.
Luís Maria, Pedro Maria, etc. In the past, Portugal had many Annes, Esteve.
Annes, archdeacon of Santarém, and chancellor of the Kingdom, Vasque Annes, grandfather

father of Rui Vasques de Castelo Branco, etc.

Brites, or Britis. I don't know if there is a saint by this name, but with little change
is a name derived from Beatrice, a saint who during the time of Emperor Diocletian

she was drowned in prison for the confession of Christ our Lord. She was the sister of

Saints Simplício and Faustino, who after many and various torments
they were beheaded. In the Roman Martyrology, this saint is mentioned on the 29th

of July. In Portugal Dona Brites, or Beatriz da Silva, descendant of the houses

from Vila Real and Portalegre, was the founder of the Order of the Conception, and also
to which was instituted in that Kingdom the Tribunal of the Inquisition by revelation, which

he, who communicated to King D. Fernando the Catholic, that it was given to the execution,

how P. Gonzaga and Frei Francisco de Bivar write.

Branca. Name, a profane term, used for many princesses and queens.
Christians; Blanche of Valois, empress, wife of Emperor Charles IV of
Luxembourg, Blanche of Castile, queen of France, daughter of Alfonso IX. Blanche
of France, queen of Bohemia; another Blanche of France, posthumous daughter of the king

Carlos IV. Blanca of Sicily, or Anjou, countess of Flanders, etc. Among us the
infanta Dona Branca, sister of King D. Dinis, had the lordship of Montemor-o-
Old, and Campo Maior. The Latin authors, when they speak of princesses from this
the name White, they do not say Alba, nor Candida, but by Latinizing the said name

White, they say Blanca. Blanca Castle. White Aquitaine. White Artesia.
Universal Lexicon of Johannes Jacob Hofmann.
8 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Betaça. In São Dinis, near Paris, the people venerate a saint, to whom
they call him in Latin S. Betesus. It is not a name much different from Betaça, however

I doubt that Betaça derives from Betesus. Mrs. Betaça, wife of Garcia Afonso.
of Casal, was the governess of Queen Dona Leonor of Castile, daughter of King D. Dinis,

being Infanta, and went with him to Castile through her chief maid; she had come
by the lady of Queen Saint Isabel. M. L. vol. 5. fol. 258.

Berenguer, Berenguela, and eBerengueira. However, names derived from

Berengarius, a saint venerated in the city of S. Papoul, in the province of
Languedoc in France. Berengar, archbishop of Santiago of the Order of St.
Domingos was sent by the supreme pontiff to Portugal, to agree with the king.
D. Dinis with his son, the infante D. Afonso. M. L. volume 6. fol. 462. 463. Dona
Berenguella, daughter of King D. Sancho the First, was raised in Lorvão. M. L.
Volume 4, folio 33, c. They mention in the Histories another Berenguela, daughter of a...

king of Castile, who married D. Afonso, king of León. Dona Berengueira Ayres,
a highly respected matron, in the time of King D. Afonso III, was the founder of
monastery of Almoster.

Bermum, or Bermudo. The French say Bermond, in Latin it is said

Veremundus. It is the name of a saint Abbot, venerated in Navarra. Among the
bishops of Coimbra we have a D. Bermudo, who governed that church. Among
the captains of the large fleet, who in the year fifteen hundred and five King D.

Manoel sent to India, João de Barros mentions a Bermum Dias,

Castilian nobleman. 1. Dec. fol. 15 I. col. 4.

Cide. It is an Arabic name, meaning the same, 'lord'. The Moors gave this name.
name of the famous Castilian captain, Ruy Dias, whose valor is still so today.
Famous, as we usually say of a very brave man, is a Cide. In
the singularity of this bravery is also part of the Portuguese, for being this
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 9

Ruy Dias, great-grandson of a Portuguese, as warned by P. Fr. Bernardo de Brito,

Volume 2 of the Lusitanian Monarchy, fol. 333. However, this name is more of knights

andantes, of baptized Christians. In his Decades, João de Barros makes

mention of two Portuguese Cides, Cide Barbudo, and Cide de Sousa; Dec. 1. fol.
204. and Dec. 4. 675.

Sweet. It will be the name of a saint, if it derives from Dulcidius, a saint that the French
Dulcídio. This Dulcídio was bishop of the city of Agen in the province of
Guienne, or Aquitaine. Dona Dulce was the wife of King D. Sancho the First.
In the book of deaths, mentioned by Fr. António Brandão, in the Monarchy
Lusitana, volume 4, folio 33, column 2. this same one is called Dona Dúlcia in a
writing in ancient Latin. We also had a Dúlcio in Portugal,
O Dulcídio, bishop of Viseu.

Dórdia. I don't think there is a saint's name, either for a saint or a saintess, that goes by this name. Lady
Dórdia was the daughter of Egas Moniz and the wife of D. Gonçalo de Sousa. Mon. Lus.
volume 3, folio 160, column 3.

Durão. So far, in the catalog of saints, there are neither Durans nor Durands.
place. However, in Portugal I find several individuals called Durão. Durão Flores,
what was found in the siege of Seville. M. Lus. volume 4. page 178. column 3. Another Durão

elected bishop of Coimbra, volume 4. D. Durão Paes, bishop of Évora, large

Private of King D. Afonso Third, ibidem, fol. 185, col. 3.

Egas. Name, once more common in Portugal. To sanctify it, they want
some that derive from Gil, such as Gil of Egídio, and Saint Fr. Gil was our
Portuguese. According to this derivation, Egas can be assessed by holy name, and

as such, confirm in baptism. Other derivatives do not favor this as much

name. They want some to be that Egas is a name, derived from Egegas, or Egeca, king
10 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

of Goths, in Spain. Others derive from Egas de Viegas, because Hermígio

Viegas was the grandfather of Egas Moniz, as stated in Mon. Lus. book 8, chapter 21, page 41.

Col. 4. This Egas Moniz was the guardian of king D. Afonso Henriques, and is much celebrated.

in the Histories of Portugal, which also mention many other Egas.

Egas Gomes de Sousa, progenitor of the Sousas, D. Egas Pires Coronel,
companion of the Lidador, etc.

Eduarda and Elvira. They are names of illustrious ladies, but they are not names of
Santa. Countess Dona Eduarda was the wife of Count D. Nuno Alvitis. Dona
Elvira Fernandes was the first abbess of Odivelas, and although she was a religious woman,

had a lay name.

Hello. See further down, Olalha.

Ermesinda. It is the name of a lady, who during the time of Queen Dona Tareja,
you Tereza, gave many estates to the Church. But in the catalog of saints, I do not find

this name. Ermesinda Onoriquis granted many estates between the rivers Ave,
from Águeda to Pedroso, ancient monastery of São Bento, now annexed to the college of

Coimbra, of the Society of Jesus.

Examena, or Eximina. Hum, and another are profane names, but remembered in the
History. Mention is made of Exemina, the wife of the famous Cide, in an ancient

Epitaph, found in the Pinnatense Chronicle of Brizio Martinezio, book 1, chapter.

46. In this tomb rests Donna Eximina, / Whose fame flourishes, of Hypania.
She was born of Saint Regis, and made me happy, joined with Roderick, nations
who called Cid.
In Portugal, Dona Examena Paes was the daughter of Pero Paes, the ensign of King D.
Afonso Henriques. Mon. Lus. vol. 4. p. 121. col. 2.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NOUNS 11

Fradrique, or Frederick, and not Federico, nor Fadrique. In the Martirology.

Romanotemos S. Friderico, bishop of Utrecht, and martyr, but more
it is commonly said Frederico, and thus in the Historical Dictionary of Moreri,

from an emperor of Germany, to a count of Cilley, in Styria, always

isFredericcomrna first syllable. In the Lusitanian Monarchy, they follow the

our authors the same spelling, particularly in volume 4. how can one
I saw a jet in the index, where many Fredericos are mentioned. In your
Universal Dictionary, João Jacobo Hoffmann, changes the theme, but always uses
the first syllable, because it always says Fridericus. We have already said that it is

saint's name.

Fafes. It is not a proper name, it is a nickname. It appears in volume 4 of the Monarq. Lusit.
fol. 184. col. 4. where it says Fr. António Brandão, D. Egas, bishop of Coimbra, had
the nickname of Fafes, and it was from an illustrious family descended from D. Fafes Luz, ensign

to Count D. Henrique.

Fuas. I don't find any saint by this name. Only in the Chronicles do I find a D. Fuas.
Roupinho, the mayor of Coimbra, who was present at the battle of Campo de

Ourique.

Froila, eFruela. These names with feminine endings are names of men,
but without the prerogative of saints. D. Froila was the son of Queen Dona Munia,
wife of King D. Ordonho, First of the name, who waged war against the Moors
in Portugal. Fruela Bermudes is the name of a gentleman from Galicia, who is

dared to wage war against King D. Afonso the Great.

Garcia. Without devotion to any saint, many were given this name at baptism,
mainly in Portugal and Castile. D. Garcia, IV bishop of the Algarve. Garcia
12 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Mendes, prior of Alcáçova. Garcia Rodrigues, companion of Payo Peres of

Correa, in the conquest of the Algarve, etc.

Giral. Giral Domingues. The nickname sounds more Christian than the actual first name.
because Domingues seems like something from Saint Domingo, or like the Sundays of the year.

However, among the archbishops of Braga, I find a Giraldo, considered to be a saint, and in

Aurilhac, cidade de França, achoSanctus Giraldus, barão.Vocabulário

Hagiological Code of Ménage.

Guimar, or Guiomar. In the Lusitanian Monarchy, and in the hagiology of Jorge

Cardoso, I almost always think of Guiomar. Not long ago, a certain lady
this court sent me to ask if Guimar was the name of any saint;
I told him to say that according to Father Frei Luís dos Anjos, in his book,
entitled Garden of Portugal, Guimar is the name taken, and abbreviated from
Guilhelme. From this name, or from Guilhelmo, (according to the spelling of

In the vulgar martyrology, there are several saints, St. William, abbot in Denmark; St.

William, confessor, father of the hermits of Mount Virgin, in the term of

Guleto, near Nusco, place in Italy, and St. William, bishop of Beauves, in
France.
After that, I think, near Tonnerre, a city in Burgundy, France, there
venerate a saint, whom the people call St. Guimer, a name closer to
Guimar, of what Guilhelmo. In Latin they call him Sanctus Vinemarus.
There is also a Saint Guimerra, bishop of Corcassona.

Gil. Everyone knows that in Portugal it is the name of Saint Friar Gil, Portuguese, native.
from Vouzela, a town in the diocese of Viseu. It is also mentioned in the epitaph of S.'s father.

Free Gil, who in Latin is Egidius, is Gil, because the said epitaph says thus: Here lies
This is Donnus Rodericus, Father of Brother Egidius, etc. From these two names Gil and Egídio

we have in Portugal several examples, Gil Sanches, son of king D. Sancho, the
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 13

First; Gil Vasques, who died in the battle of Gouvea, Martim Gil, who
won the battle of the Port, etc. Among the Egídios, Egídio Rebelo is famous, who
he was the ambassador of King D. Afonso the Third at the court of Rome. Mon. Lus. volume

4. fol. 246 col. 3. The other Egídios can take Saint Egídio, abbot, as their patron.
the confessor, celebrated on the first of September, in Proença de França.

Gastão. A name more famous in the royal house of France than in sacred history.
and lives of saints. In Latin they say Gasto. Gastão de Fox was Portuguese from

nation, but a descendant of French from Aquitaine. In the Lusitanian Monarchy is

called the Prince of Theologians of his time, and renowned in the French languages,

Hebrew, Latin, and Arabic, volume 5, folio 6, column 4.

Gemes. We have a Portuguese saint, daughter of King Catélio, who reigned in

a part of Lusitania. This princess was named Gemma, with Márcia,
Basilia, and her other sisters, were martyred, as seen in volume 2.
Lusitanian Monarchy, book 5. chapter 18. to me fol. 88. col. 4. From Gemma to Gemes
There will be little difference. We can truly believe that from the name of this saint,

they formed their own, those who after their martyrdom were called Gemes. Among the

This name that comes to my mind is Gemes Barreto, who came by

captain of the Malacca sea, got involved in the midst of the enemy fleet, and it was

serving as bombarded from all sides. Couto, Dec. 6. fol. 168. col. 3.

Gomes. In many cases, it seems like a nickname, but it also seems like a proper name in
some people, e.g. D. Gomes Mendes, companion of Lidador, D. Gomes
Nunes, who was disinherited by King Afonso Henriques. Gomes Ramires,
master of the Templars, etc. In Latin Gumesindus is Gomes, and according to the

Dictionary of Agiologist of Ménage, is a holy priest, who was in Córdoba.

martyred by the Moors.
14 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Guido. In Portugal, I met some foreigners who were named Guido.

From this name there are two saints; Saint Guido, venerated in the area of Brussels;

Saint Guidus, count of Donorage, patron of an abbey of nuns,

near Liorne.

Hermigius. From one of the names of three saints, this name can be deduced.
three saints are St. Hermias, a soldier, who converted his executioner to the faith of Christ,

who tormented him; Saint Hermes, martyr in Bologna; and Saint Hermenegild,
son of Leovigildo, king of the Visigoths. From any of these three names derived
the name Hermígio is originally saintly. In our Chronicles we have
Hennígio Moniz, captain general, and chief private of Prince D. Afonso.
Lus. volume 3, page 84, column 3.

Huffo Huffes, ouAhufo Ahufes. This name does not have any other thing of saint.
What is the name of the father of Saint Senhorinha, who dedicated herself to it since she was a girl?

God. However, in Ménage's Agiological Dictionary, I find a saint named

Ulfa, or Oufa, is a Saint Ulfo, from which we could deduce two names.
with little change Huffo Huffes, or with their Latinized names Ulphia, and
Ulphus;Ulphia, solitary virgin, near the city of Amiens in Picardy,
province of France, Elphus, considered a martyr, in the diocese of Troy in
Champagne.

Jacóbo, Jaimes, James, Jaime, Jaques, Diogo, or Santiago. They are all
names of the same Apostle. In the city of Ausch, in France, in the province of

Aquitaine, James, in other parts, James, or Jaime, in others, Jacques, in the

Spain, Santiago, and from Santiago, Diogo. From all these names we have in
Portugal and Castile are examples, one Jacobo, bishop of Viseu. Mon. Lusit. volume 3.

fol. 176, col. 1. at the end. D. Jaime, king of Aragon, who took the city of Valença
to the Moors. Mon. Lus. volume 4. 150. D. Fr. Jaime, heir prince of Aragon,
 PROPER NAME VOCABULARY 15

who renounced the scepter in his brother according to Mon. Lus. volume 7, chapter 9, number.

2. Jaques de Avesnes, Marshal of Brabant, who was the captain of the fleet, that
helped to take the Algarve to King D. Sancho First. Mon. Lus. volume 4 fol. 11.
4. Santiago is the saint himself. There are many more Diogos than Jaimes, James,
Jacobos and Jaques. In volume 6 of Mon, Lus. fol. 496, there is much talk about King D.

James, grandfather of the glorious Saint Isabel, queen of Portugal. In this kingdom, I met.

some Jacomes, a name also derived from Saint Jacob, who (as we already have
this) is Santiago.

Inofre, or Inophre. It is clearly seen that it derives from Onofrius, or

Onuphrius, the holy anchorite, who lived in the deserts of Egypt for sixty years.
hidden and solitary. In the common Martyrology, this name appears.
name, from the holy order, we have few in Portugal. Only in the 6th Decade.

Couto, fol. ibid. col. 4. I find Inofre do Soveral, who was a great man of
Strait of the Red Sea.

Jofre. It is a name derived from the French Geofroi. In France, there are many men.
the illustrious of this name, and among them a saint, whom they call in Latin, Sanctus

Gaufridus: he was the apocrisiarius of Pope Alexander II. Apocrisiarius was a minister,
that carried the answers of the princes, and sometimes it was the duty of the chief chancellor,

etc. In Portugal, we have a Jofre, founder of the Order of the Templars. Mon.
Lus. vol. 3. fol. 81. col. 4. And there is a Jofre Tenorio, Admiral of Castile. M. L.
volume 7, chapter 9, number 2

Inigo, or Innigo, in Latin Enneco, according to the Agiological Vocabulary

Ménage is the name of a saint abbot from Onia, in the diocese of Burgos.
Castile is this name more used than in Portugal. Inigo Sanches was the son.
from King D. Rodrigo, or (as others claim) from King Acosta, brother of the aforementioned

King D. Rodrigo. Mon. Lus volume 2. page 269, column 3. On page 318 of the said volume.
16 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

It has the letter ypsilon, Ynigo Ximenes, king of Navarre, and on page 324. B. Ynigo
Arista, another king of Navarre.

Joanne. They want some that are compound names of João and Anna, by imitation.
deJoannes Annius, which is the name of a famous religious figure of St. Dominic,

master of the sacred palace in Rome, mentioned by Possevino,

Leandro Alberti, Teófilo Rainaldo, and others. We had Joanne in Portugal.
Annes do Rool. Mon. Lus. volume 5. page 234. column 4. But they made it more clearly

some of the two names, João, and Anna their own name; and if I am not mistaken,
in one of the volumes of Mon. Lus. it speaks of Johanna Mendes, who without

barring of this female name, it was a man. Also in book II, chapter 7, of the
In Jewish Antiquities, Josephus mentions a Johanna, who killed his own.
irmão no Templo. O Santo Abade João Cirita deu a um mancebo de muitas
garments that he had created, called Garcia, the surname of Janhes, which is
the same as John, showing in this to receive him as a son. Mon Lus. vol. 2. fol.
312. col. 4.

Iquilano. In Latin Iquilanus, others write Ikilanus, and it is a pure anagram of

Kilianus. It was therefore Kilian, bishop of Würzburg, head of Franconia, and he walks in the
catalog of the saints of Ménage. In Portugal, there was a Iquilano, bishop of
Viseu, Mon. Lus. volume 3. page 176 column I. However, in the index of the said volume 3, it is

Iquilino, and on page 352, column 1, of volume 2 is Iquila, bishop of Viseu.

Lanzarote. In the Lives of the Saints, we did not find this name, which (in my opinion) is
derives from the French Lancelot, or from the Latin Lancelotus. Illustrious men had

this name. Lançarote Décio, from Milan, famous Jurist, Lançarote

Conrado, Neapolitan, author of the book entitled Templum omnium Judicum.
Decade 4 fol. 32. col. 2. Diogo de Couto mentions a Lanzarote de Seixas.
portuguese.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 17

Lianor, ouLeanor, or Leonor, or Eleonor. Lady Lianor, wife of King D.

John the Second. Mon. Lus. vol. 2. p. 278. col. 4. In other authors I have
found, Leanor. In book 7. of Mon. Lus. book 10. chapter 9. is Dona Leonor,
infanta of Portugal. Some authors say Eleonor, and others Heleonor. In her
Historical Dictionary says Moreri Eleanor, or Alienor, Queen of France, and Then
of England. Our ancient and modern martyrologies do not mention any of the names

above said is found. But in the Hagiology Dictionary of Ménage, I find Sanctus

Leonorius, bishop, whose relics were brought from the province of Brittany to
Paris.

Lionel, the eLionstem analogy with the names of saints, to which the French
I call S.Lions, bishop of Saintes, in Roverga, land of Languedoc, and in
Latin, Leontius; with another saint, named Leonius, Confessor, in the city of
Melun, near Paris. Also in the Martyrology there are many saints, called
Leons. Probably from the aforementioned names of saints they took their
names our Lioneis, and Lionís; Leonel de Sousa, and D. Lionis Pereira, Dec.
7. de Couto, fol. 176 col. 1. Father Leonel de Lima, the first rector of the college of
Company, in Bragança. Agiol. Lust. volume 3. fol. 515.

Lopo. Not long ago, a certain nobleman of this court, named Lopo,
etc. convinced that there was no saint of this name, I showed at
martyrdom in Portuguese many saints Lopo, St. Lopo, bishop of Troia, in
Champagne province, in France, St. Loup, bishop of Sens, St. Loup, bishop of
Verona, in Italy, etc. In the Histories of Portugal, we have many Lopo. D. Lopo
Vas de Azevedo, who was Admiral. D. Lopo Dias de Sousa, who was present in the
Sewell's fence. D. Lopo Fernandes, Master of the Templars, etc. Wolf. Wolves
they are called, their weapons are five wolves, armed in red, in quotes.
18 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Mafalda. In your Agiological Vocabulary it says Ménage, verb Sicildis, which of

The French Mathildis made Mahaud. We from Mathildis, and Mahaud made.
Mafalda, and we had a Dona Mafalda, daughter of King D. Sancho the First, the
what was the wife of King D. Henrique, and lived and died saintly. The parents,
whoever wants to give their daughters this name, know that there was a devout woman

Mathilde, or Mafalda, mother of Emperor Othon, First of the West. No

it is strange to see Mathilde's corruption in Mafalda. Everywhere the
time, and the people change, and disfigure the names. In Portugal we have among

another remarkable experience of this truth. In the province of Minho there is in

a saw a hermitage dedicated to Saint Macarius, the residents corruptly

they call him Samagaio.

Mecia. According to Fr. Bernardo de Brito, volume 2, of Mon. Lus. fol. 3. col. 3.
Mecia is a name derived from Mancio, just as Joanna is derived from João, and Francisca from

Francisco. In Portugal, St. Mâncio was the first apostle of the province of
Between Tejo and Guadiana.

Mem. With various names of saints from France, this name is quite common.
analogy, to derive from them, because in France they venerate St. Meme, and in
city of Barleduc, in Lorena, there are relics of this saint; there is also a
Saint Mime virgin, and martyr, in Dourdão, near Paris. Another one in France.
There is a saint, called in Latin, Memmius, who was bishop of Chalons over the
river Marna. Finally in the Province of Brittany, in France, there is a saint.
Abbot, what the people of the land call St. Meen, abbot of Ghé. From the name of

Any of the so-called saints can deduce our Mem, if it doesn't seem more so.
current deduce it from the first syllable of Mendo, a name in Portugal quite
known, and used. In volume 4 of the Lusitanian Monarchy, fol. 3. col. 2. at the end, the

P. Fr. António Brandão favors this derivation, where he says: Mem Gonçalves was
son of Gonçalo de Sousa, and he himself, whom we know by the name of
 PROPER NOUNS VOCABULARY 19

Count D. Mendo, the Sousão. In our oldest histories, and more

celebrities of this name Mem, are the following. Mem Soares de Novellas,
adiantado in Portugal. Another Mem Soares of the Mello family, deprived of
King D. Afonso Third. Dom Mem Rodrigues de Touges, who was present in
Seville fence. Another Mem Rodrigues, chief gatekeeper of King D. Dinis, etc.

Mendo. I suppose it is oMenendus, which in various writings from Portugal is

Indeed signed. Among saints, we only find Saint Menedemus, martyr in
Constantinople, from which one could deduce Menendo, or Mendo. From ours
Mendos, the most mentioned are D. Mendo Estrema, who is referenced by the
Count D. Pedro, in title 59. Count D. Mendo, progenitor of the family of
Frojazes, and Pereiras; D. Mendo, Bishop of Lamego, etc.

Mor, eMayor. These are names that were sometimes given interchangeably to the same.

people. The same Dona Mor Dias, mentioned in the will by the author of
sixth volume of Mon. Lusit. fol. 263. col. 1, in the index of the seventh volume, is a
abbess of Coz, named Dona Mayor Dias.

Nuno. The Martyr's calendar in Portuguese says Nonno. St. Nonno, bishop of Edessa,
on the 2nd of December: in Latin Nonnus. In Portugal there are so many Nunos of

fame, which would only require a volume for them.

Odo. It is also said in Latin Odo, and it is the name of two saintly abbots, St. Odo,
abbot of Cluny in France, and St. Odo, abbot of Bel in England. The
The Martyrology in Portuguese says Odon, and it gives this name, Odon, to two saints.

Bishop of Urgel, and Odon Abbot of Cluny. In Portugal, I can't find names.
own of these two saints.
20 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Otho, eOthon. They are names of saints different from Odo and Odon. In the religion
Hierarchical, there is St. Otho, who was one of the five martyrs that St. Francis sent.

pray to the Moors, and they suffered martyrdom in Morocco; and there is a Saint

Othon, bishop of Bamberg, in Germany. I also don't know, that in this Kingdom

they have introduced these names.

Olalha, or Ello. It is the name of a saint, venerated in Mérida. In Latin, she is called...
Eulalia. The Martyrdom in Portuguese mentions another saint by this name,
in Barcelona. (Martim Sanches married Dona Ello, or Olalha, daughter of D.
Pedro Fernandes de Castro. Mon. Lusit. vol. 4. fol. 79. col. 2.

Odoário, eOdório. I don't know if there are saints with these names. However, in the
memories of the kingdom we have Odoários, and Odórios, Odoário, count of Viseu, Mon.
Lus volume 2, folio 327, column 2, and another Odoário, father of the archdeacon Tello. Mon. Lusit.

volume 3, folio 103, column 1. And in the same place, D. Odório, elected by the people of Viseu

a bishop from the same city.

On the 20th of June, Usuardo says in his Martyrology that this

the name is Tudesco, and in the Latin language it is the same as Liberata, and

together calls this Saint Liberata, daughter of a king of Portugal, because

Ontcomero, one of the German lords, who once entered into
Spain had landowners in Portugal, and this Ontcomero says Fr.
Bernardo de Brito, who was the father of Saint Engrácia, and on page 88 of the same volume

The said author intends that Ontcomera, by another name Liberata, is the saint.
that the Roman Martirology calls Uvilgeforte. In this way, Ontcamera,
Liberata and Uvilgeforte are three names of the same saint, who, by the account,
What Brother Bernardo de Brito does for you is Portuguese, but until now, as far as I know,

None of the said three names were remembered by the Portuguese godparents at the font.

of baptism.
 PROPER NAMES VOCABULARY 21

Orraca. See. Urraca, in its alphabetical place.

Payo. It is a name taken from the Latin Pelagius. There is a saint by this name,
martyred in Córdoba; the French call him St. Paye, and we call him Payo,
Castilians Palayo. Many Paios are remembered in our Chronicles. D. Payo
Delgado, who found himself at the Lisbon dock. Paio Peres Correa, who made it stop.

the sun, to win a battle. Payo Guterres da Silva, who sometimes had
king in the district of Braga, and founded the monastery of Tibães.

But, Peter, the Pires, and Peressão are synonyms of the Prince of the Apostles, St.
Pedro. But Gomes, son of Egas Moniz, progenitor of the Ataídes; Pero Martins
from Torre, progenitor of the Vasconcelos. In an ancient donation from the king of

Portugal, D. Afonso Third, there are memories of three Pedre Annes, namely
Pedre Annes, who governed Tralosmontes; Pedre Annes of Portel,
who governed Leiria; and another Pedro Annes, who was the chief steward. In the volume
3. From the work Mon. Lusit., the verb Urraca in the index states its author, that Pires is a derivation.

of Pedro.

Ruy. It is an abbreviation of Rodrigo, in Latin Rodericus, who was a priest and martyr.
in Córdoba. From Ruy Fafes, Ruy Gomes, Ruy Vasques, Ruy Nunes, and others
many Ruys, the reader will find news in the Lusitanian Monarchy.

Sanches, and Sancho. They are names often used in the royal families of Portugal, and
there is a saint of this name, namely, Saint Sancho, martyr in Córdoba,

Martyrlogy in Portuguese, on the fifth of June.

Tristan. The French say Tristan, and there are some individuals of this name in France.
name. One of the most named is Tristan de Sainct Amant, author of three
22 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

leaf volumes, titled Historical Comments. I do not know a saint

some of this name. To Emperor Maximus, for his excessive severity
the Romans called him by the nickname, the Sad One. Perhaps, he made people some

sad Portuguese by the surname Tristão, which would later be passed on to

descendants.

Truilo, ouTroilo, ouTurilo, ouThuríbio. There are saints of this name, namely St.
Thuribio, bishop of Astorga, and St. Turilo, martyr, who with some disciples of
Santiago, the Apostle, suffered martyrdom during the time of Emperor Nero.

Urraca. Ambrósio de Morales claims it is the same name as that of Aragunta, and
that of Aragonta, corrupt, came to make Urraca. Mon. Lusit. volume 2. page 321.
In Portugal and Castile, there were princesses and queens by this name. Lady
Urraca, daughter of Count D. Henrique. In Castile, Dona Urraca, daughter of

Emperor D. Afonso Sixth, married a second time to the king of León. The
authors of the Lusitanian Monarchy, sometimes say Urraca, and sometimes Orraca. In the annals of

I do not find saints of these names in the church, nor of whose names it can be derived.

these with foundation.

Ximena. This name, although unique to some women, is still

nickname in the Ximenes families, and not only Ximenes, but also there are
Ximenos. D. Ximeno Garcia, fourth king of Navarre. Ximeno Aznário, third.
Count of Aragon. The most illustrious Ximenas, of which I find news, are Lady
Ximena, daughter of King Ordonho the Second; another Ximena, wife of the king, D.
Afonso the Monk, and Dona Ximena Munos, mother of Queen Dona Tareja. But not
we know that one of them has the halo of a saint.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 23

Even in the sacred sphere of the Ecclesiastical, proper names had insinuated themselves.

secular, and profane, and so outside of the Christian rite, that it could precisely
to estrange from the Holy Mother Church, for example, Sisisclo, bishop of Évora; Parino, bishop of

Viseu; Uvitorico, from Lamego; Armero, from Idanha; Nefrido, from Lisbon,
Theudoreto, from Beja; Pontâmio, from Braga; Abiêncio, also from Évora,
Siseberto, from Coimbra; Rechimiro of Dume, Church near Braga, and in that
temple erected as a bishopric.

The reason for so many profane names in Christian and Catholic families is that we
first years of the conversion of our ancient progenitors still
remained relics, and remnants of paganism, which finally with the
Time and devotion to canonized saints have faded. Even in the time of
Clovis, the first Christian king in France, and during the reign of Charlemagne, the

proper names of princes, contemporary to these monarchs, were

Clodomiro, Childeberto, Clotário, Chilperico, Meroveo, Dagoberto, Lothário,
and the most illustrious princesses of that time were named Hermengarda, Gisela,
Hildegarda, Theodrada, Hiltrude, Rotrude, Usenda, wife of King D.
Bermudo, Ausenda, wet nurse of King D. Afonso Henriques, and
Mumadonna, name that three illustrious ladies had at the same time, in
Portugal.
Today, in the Christian Sphere, any of these names would seem extravagant, and
ridiculous, not to say scandalous. Venerable names occurred, and throughout
the Catholic church is generally common to all kinds of people; Carlos,
Franciscos, Henriques, Luíses, Filippes, Manueis, Annas, Catharinas, Marias,
etc. Only in the old Chronicles do proper names, profane, and
fabulous, Castinaldo, lord of Nabância; D. Ordonho, first king of
Spain; Toitosendo Guedes, husband of Dona Toda, great-grandfather of Egas Moniz,

Chindasuindo, another king of Spain, Frandilano, a priest, who made a donation to

monastery of Lorvão; D. Galdim, knight of the Templars; Celerina, who
buried the body of St. Torpes, martyr, Chrotilde, or Clotilde, wife of
24 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Amalarico, Catholic; Cava, or Florinda, daughter of Count D. Julião; Elosinda, who

she was saved from accusation by hot iron, Ingunda, wife of Santo
Ermenegildo; Bertinalda, wife of King D. Afonso the Chaste; Ermezenda, sister
of Queen Dona Elvira, etc. These, and other similar proper names, are
they do not bear fruit for the souls, nor do they bring to mind the actions, with
that the saints, who had them in this world, came to eternalize in the temple
from glory to life. In the second part of this Vocabulary of proper names, which
If you continue, you will find another catalog of proper names, used, ancient, and
rarer, of men, and women, broader, and more precise, than this first one.
 Vocabulary of proper names,
masculine and feminine,
more or less used,
more vulgar or more rare

Because it is not lacking in a Vocabulary, and Supplement, that encompasses everything

the Portuguese language, the memory of the proper names of men, and women,
that were used, and still remain in the same nation, for thus the
many dictionary authors have observed, even if they did not treat it as such
I understood that before entering this second catalog, I should do
some observations.
The method I follow is to distribute each letter of the alphabet into three classes; the

the first understands masculine and feminine names; the second the less
used, the third the old ones. In the first part of this Vocabulary of names,
I have been working on their Latin translation, and on the way to Latinize them, because

many of them do not have their own Latin; the same rules stated in the said
the first part may serve for the Latin of the names, of which in this second
I mention part.
Not only in the names, taken from the Scriptures, do I point out some of their mysteries.

meanings, but in other languages, following in some Rodrigo

Mendes Silva, Portuguese author of the Royal Catalog of Spain, of whom was
scholarly chief chronicler. This author, the Nobility of Count D. Pedro of the print
of Rome, the OsAgiologists, and Lusitanian monarchies, and other books, and writings

they gave me the strangest names.

26 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Do not seem childish to deal with diminutives, because these are also
boys with big names, and those who consider useless or ridiculous in us
vocabularies these observations, or nominal news, do not know that for the
foreigners are often, like the most important ones. The same could be said.
to warn of two adages, which are introduced here, when they are proper names
of men, and women, of the same kind, who are incorporated into the body of the work

in more words. The vulgar poets, or to soften the names in their

metros, or to hide them, they disguise them by the first letters, or by
anagrams, calling Anna Anarda, Isabel Belisa, and thus others, of which
brings a cast Manoel de Faria e Sousa in the commentary on the Rhymes of Luís de

Camões, but without explaining them. And if to the ingenious Jacintho Pollo de Medina...

lembrasse que Tereza se mudava em Tirse, não se queixaria de lhe não achar
that the two terrible names, Tiricia, and Tertulliana, saying in my soul
money / That your name is Tereza, / Because turning around the Calepino, Name
I do not find your name worthy.
Moving from poetry to novels, I haven’t forgotten the names of shepherds, nor
of wandering knights, only recalling the main ones, who roam in
Portuguese books, for the glory of their inventor is given to Vasco de Lobeira,
author of Amadis of Gaul. Even though with better will I would remember in
proper names of true heroes, who illustrated themselves as Afonso of
Albuquerque did not teach me otherwise on the stone, on which I had it engraved.
similar pattern. And with cause I follow this example, because the name of this

great man was so famous that King D. Manuel sent to his son, Braz of
Albuquerque, who would be named Afonso, and all his descendants, as in
France was obligated to build the house of the Counts of Laval, along with Guido.
Some illustrious nicknames will be found in the Vocabulary, but in this handling of the

patronymics, which were much older than surnames, and here

we incorporate in the names, from which they were derived, with the difference that some

they became nicknames, although few had their own weapons, and this distinction
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 27

I do with the abbreviation of the patronymic surname, or of the patronymic only, that

it is one that does not constitute a family apart, as can be seen in Brandão,
Lusitanian Monarchy, part 3, book 10, chapter 4, and in part four, book 12, chapter 33.
and the Portuguese nobility chapter 2. page 36. finding itself in this book the
nicknames, and weapons, that do not come in this vocabulary.

This usage lasted until the time of King D. João the First, and in some
exceptions, but almost always the son of D. Rodrigo was called Rodrigues, the one of

Álvaro, Álvares, and so on; but when the name did not produce
patronymic, the father's full name was used, such as Martim Afonso, and some
the grandfather, when he had the same first name as his father; and some
to see the brother: for this reason like D. Afonso Dinis, son of King D. Afonso
Third, and brother of King D. Dinis, this is more observed in the children.
illegitimate of these kings, not being at first: even when they were
legitimate, and in others from Spain.
This style served greatly to provide old families with accurate news, or to
less probable conjectures of affiliations, as used by the Hebrews, and the Syrians,
with the termination Bar, and with the of Well, to which the Arabs added one;

and even today some other nations observe the Muscovites, from where
Voice signifies son, and Vuna daughter. Some of these patronymics are preserved.

entirely the name, making it plural, like Henriques; however most of the names
emo finishes, they change me, like Álvares, and others transform, like
it will be seen. There are also names that have become nicknames, like Rolim, and nicknames,

that were made names, like in the same family Rilde.

Devotion led to the formation of nicknames or epithets for some saints.
names, such as Xavier Bautista Magdalena, often taking for themselves
second name the same as the saint, with his nickname, like John the Baptist,

Mary Magdalene, Francis Xavier, Philip Neri, and others, as well as from
two became one, like Marianna; there are also families that without making of

patronymic surname continued, they confirm in memory of their ancestors

28 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

ascendants. This happens to the Pereiras and Távoras from some branches, and not in

everyone the same, like Álvares', for in the first they take those who
I call Nuno, and on Monday Luís, with Gonçalves some Cameras, and with
or of Rodrigues the Sás and Vasconcelos.
The multitude of names is born many times from devotion, and other times from vanity,

ordinarily, only the first is preserved, rarely the second,

and very rare the third. The reason they remain is when they are signed with
the two, or three names; or when this distinction is used to avoid confusing them
com os do mesmo nome, e apelido, sendo o uso o que neste caso dá a regra.
In the nobility of Portugal, and its imitation in lower families, it is customary
to take the names of the paternal grandparents, the oldest children, and the grandparents

maternal, the seconds, and the daughters, of the grandfathers. I found this usage so old that

Demosthenes says that the Athenians were observing him. This changes many times,
either by the devotion of certain saints, or by the attention of the godparents, or by

other causes. This habit is not bad, because the alternative of names
serves as a distinction; it could be culpable if the children do not take the names
of the country was due to the superstition that they lived less, as they care for the

Irish, and those from New France.

However, in Portugal there are many examples to the contrary, for in the houses of the counts

from S. João, and marquises of Távora, there were three successive with the name of Luís.

Less can excuse the style, which is also being corrected.

daughters do not take their father's surname, but rather their mother's, or grandfather's, which

it results in a great confusion in the genealogies, especially when not even in

Castile, even in ancient Portugal, there was no such use. This, they say, is born.

of the delicacy, very characteristic of ladies, not wanting to use nicknames,

yet illustrious, fraught with horror. However, one of the most beautiful queens who had

Portugal, if she was called Dona Urraca, and King D. Afonso Second did not abandon her.

by name, which in Spanish means catch: how the ambassadors did

from France, preferring his sister infanta Dona Branca as the wife of the king
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 29

Luís Oitavo, who was much less beautiful, just because he had a more important name.

pleasant, with the example of Portugal to be followed more closely.

The bonds and clauses of the entailments not only bind when they are joined to

to quarter the coats of arms, but to multiply the surnames; however this is
uses more in public instruments, and dedications, and at most if not
passes from two surnames, and from one only in many houses of the first nobility;

however, many well-born men, especially in the provinces, make use of

two or three nicknames, and since this is so common, I do not dare to say that
also confuses, and makes Portuguese books much wider. The
distribution of surnames, and reasons why they were taken, made eruditely
Manuel Severim de Faria in the News of Portugal, and the origin of the names Gil
André de la Roque in the curious treatises on this subject, printed in Paris, in
1681.
I do not address the division of the ancient and modern names of other nations, nor

two inspired, mysterious, happy, unfortunate, arbitrary, familiar,

born of perfections, or of defects, of great actions, of nicknames united to
dignities, of brothers with the same name, as is often observed in
Germany; of peoples that have no name, and of all the further erudition of this.

subject, but not of this particular institute.

The names that are used, and were used in Portugal, are like those of other nations.

a certain tone, which mostly reveals the language to which they belong.
most of the males end up emo, like António, Pedro, Francisco,
others have an acute accent, like André, and Thomé, or without an accent, like

Alexandre. Those who have Hebrew origin in El, such as Manoel, Gabriel, Rafael;
also from these origins follow etymologies, Balthazar, Bartholomew, and
others. And how do I take these examples from common names, because of the others

They made the times a lot of variety, I think in consonant letters they end up
["Artur","Ayres","Brás","Carlos","Crispim","Dinis","Domingos","Féliz","Gil","Gomes"]
30 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Heitor, Luís, Marçal, Noitel, Pascoal, Salvador, Thomás, Vidal, Valentim,

Xavier, etc.
In the feminine, which generally ends in ema, and for the most part is formed
male two, I no longer find exceptions in the common folk, like Brites, Domingas,
Guimar, Inez, Isabel, Leonor, Mayor, Violante, because these do not form.
male dos. There is an ending, when it is emão, because if
pronounced shortly, like Christopher, and Stephen, which is properly
Portuguese, as there are many names ending in 'ão', and this accent is so
difficult to pronounce for foreigners, which even almost incited a war
civil grammar among the nationals, if it had followers the Antidote of the Language

Portuguese, who tried to denaturalize it with erudition, although great,

a little unhappy; as for proper names, I will deal with this accent, still
among the Portuguese, so strange, that the most polished poets do not find it
associates, or those to whom many of the best words can be applied,
what has the tongue, because it gives us, like love, bad, they are rough, and it gives us, and

or, as sovereign, and high, are improper.

The proper names, ending in 'ão', some came from the Latin 'manus', such as from

AdrianusAdrião, and DamianusDamião; others from Hebrew, like Adam,

Abraham, etc. others do, Latin, French, and Spanish, like Simon, Gaston,
and Antão, and others for the reasons that I will mention in their places; with a warning of

that in the Latin endings, in the monosyllables, ião, não, tão, quão, as in the
Hebrew, Adam, and the others pronounce the other nations almost like this, nan,
so, when, ada, more with the final man, who participates in something of them. The
the English and Dutch do the same in Buquingan, Amsterdam, and others
words. The Spanish language, more modern than Portuguese, since the latter was
with little difference from what was spoken throughout Spain, gives us some rules
for this termination. From the name Joane we made João, at the same time that
we made Castilian from Portuguese, we made it Roman, keeping only the name
from S. Romão the ancient use, of Simom, and of Antom we made Simão, and Antão,
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 31

Say it to that arrogant epitaph: Here lies Simon Anton, / Who killed many
Castelhon, /And beneath its Cove /It challenges all who Dream.
In the most proper names with the Spanish endings eman, like Damian,
Juan, Julian, Sebastian, as well as those ending in emon, like Simon,
Simeon, Pantaleon, we all come together with the same ending -deão, except for

Pharaoh, what do we say Pharaoh, Nero, what do we say Nero; and we who are not
men's names, tafetàn, which we say tafetà, balandran, which we say
balandrao;scorpion, which we pronounce lacrao, and the stone iman, which is said of the
same luck, when we do not give it the Portuguese name pedra de cevar; and the
that they want that which should be a word of our language, they will also pronounce it

da mesma sorte.
And so we keep some proper names, such as Zenon, Solon, Dion,
Agamemnon, but we say Cicero, and from Phaeton, Phaethon. For not
to leave this famous pronunciation without some general rules, we resort to
Spanish in the plural, because when it ends in 'ones,' it wants to be masculine.

comocanones, want in the feminine, comoperfeciones, always in Portuguese if

it ends, removing the words of a single syllable, commod, eson, that in
castelian edones, esones, it is said in Portuguese dons, edons, even though in the

provinces, and the ancients used to say. In the third person plural of the verb
I know that the Castilians say 'son', we say 'são', instead of 'som', which is
said; however portono, etons, dizemostom, etons, except for the letters of the

songs, which they also called tones.

The names ending in 'manos', which we do not keep in the same way, as
we do in all peoples, Lusitanian, Castilian, and in many adjectives, such as
sovereign, proud, and others, we all changed hands, like hands, Christians,
except for the scribes, which we pronounce as scribes; citizens in opinion
two who want to be citizens; gardeners, surgeons, that we changed in
hicks, villains, peasants.
32 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

The plurals we changed only in the names of Marianna, mançana,

sister, frog, grain, hazelnut, that we always end up emanating, eans.

Names ending in 'em' end in Portuguese as 'emaens', except

Gavanes, which we call gaboens, gavilanos, gavioens, alazanes, alazoens,
cordovenes, cordovaens, hurricanes, furacoens, juanes, and the most proper names
there are many emotions.
The way in which the usage names the saints and holy ones has a more certain rule, because

whenever the name of the saint begins with a vowel, it is given the epithet
whole, like Saint Anthony, Saint Stephen, but in pronunciation it is usually
abbreviate, saying Santantónio, Santestevão; and those that start with H,

they participate in the same use, like Saint Hilary. Of the names that begin
for consonant letters, it is always said only São, like São Brás, São Pedro, and
the same for those that start with I or with V consonants, like St. John, Saint
Vicente, and you only take from the rule Santo Tirso, Santo Quintino, and in the past it was

said Saint Thomas.

The names of saints are always pronounced in full, such as Saint Helena, Saint
Inez, Saint Catherine, however in the letter A, one eats the beginning, not saying.

Santa Anna, Saint Agatha, or Santanna, is Santagueda, for whose sake in

Beira always divides the two with a y, Santa y Anna, Santa y Agueda, or
who also observe in all the voices, in which they find two a, the
that is supplied in other languages with a mark, called apostrophe, as in
the soul, in French, l'ame, and the Spaniards often change the
gender, to avoid this encounter, saying, The soul, The dawn.
No modo de usar dos apelidos com a conjunçãode, oue, ou sem ela, se quer
to give a general rule, which can be seen in the Portuguese Nobility, chapter 2. pages

18. However, its use has changed, as not all nicknames that come from the land,
the solar, poem of, as seen in Mascarenhas, and Pereiras; it is certain that by the

the majority happens like this, and never to those who were patronymics or nicknames,

In the first families, they use dede, ouda, according to the gender, of which it is.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NOUNS 33

apelido: osSousas, Mellos, Lancastres,Sylvas, Noronhas, Castros, Sás,

Menezes, Gamas, Távoras, Portugaes, Almeidas, Ataídes, Costas, Limas, Faros
Britos, Almadas, Figueiredos, Saldanhas, Araújos, Mirandas, Câmeras
Vasconcellos, Silveiras, Cunhas, Mendoças, and others. However, they do not use fingers.

Pereiras, Telles, Mascarenhas, Tello, Ribeiro, Carneiro, Botelho, Lobo, Furtado

Manoel, Correa, Cabral, César, Guedes, Henriques, Machados, Soares; nor
no patronymic, such as Lopes, Fernandes, Gonçalves, and Rodrigues. However
It's Payousa because it is solar and not patronymic.
In Portuguese, there are many names derived from other languages, and in the names themselves

men, and women I will show some of these etymologies, and now I will only do it in
common some observations. The Hebrew names of the patriarchs, and saints of
Old Testament, not only in Portugal, but in other Catholic nations are
rarely used, thus by the separation, which precisely makes of the Jews, as
by the affectation with which modern heretics, especially in their
principles, took these names, to show that they did not recognize for
saints are the most modern, as if they did not understand that they create in their
interception. However, today they do not pay much attention to this affectation, many taking the...

national names.
In Portugal, there will be few, if any, common names of the
Old Testament, which does not Christianize, because those of Michael, Gabriel, and

Rafael is Hebrew, but it is not of Hebrews, but of angels. The one of Balthazar,
it is attributed to one of the three Wise Men, only Susanna became more common. In
rare names of the second class of this alphabet can be found more, like Abraham,

Elijah, Solomon, Daniel, and others, of whom many later had saints.
he is also a saint of the Law of Grace; Job was not Hebrew; Adam is a common father, but

today only many farmers take this name, who like him eat bread with
the sweat of your face. Among the oldest names are some, because the
To exclude them completely would be superstitious, teaching the church this reservation in
34 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

do not pray to many ancient saints, who with more or less frequency
we go to the martyrologies.
The Greek names, many of which have meaning, were introduced with the
saints of that nation, such as Alexander, Basil, Theodosius, and many others,
which are not the most common, and also wanted to find so many mysteries about it,

as can be seen in Plato in his Cratylus, in which he dealt with the straight reason of

names, wanting to find in Apollo the Greek grammar in various ways

etymologies, the various virtues, that they attributed to this god, as false as he is.
The Roman names, many of which are also derived from the Greeks,
we conserve, not in large numbers, being that of António, Aurélio,
Constantine, Claudius, Estatius, Julius, Maximus, Paul, and others from ancient Rome.

We had more ancient Arabic names, such as Galaal, Alvide, which go in

your places. The English with their alliances brought us some names,
like those of Jorje, Duarte, Roberto, and Ricardo; these came from the ancient Saxons,
the Germans, and some came to us through the Goths, like Henrique, Federico, or
Fradique, or Fadrique, and Carlos, who also introduced us to the
origin the French with that of Tristan, Gaston, Louis, and others.
These same Goths naturalized some names to the Spaniards, and
Portuguese, of whom many have become ancient, such as Bermudo, Ramiro, Ordonho,

and some rarer ones, with Rodrigo, Sancho, and Garcia being common. These, and
others gave us the Castilians, like Álvaro, Diogo, and less used,
Gutierre, Inhigo, and other ancient ones, and of women, Mécia, Violante, Aldonça, and

Tereza.
Names, purely Portuguese, we don't have many, unless we count by
the very ones who were disfigured by the corruption of their origins, like Payo for

Pelayo, Alaya, por Eulália; Noutel, por Eleutério; Amaro, por Mauro; Dinis, por
Dionysius, Giraldo, for Gerardo; Jaime, for Jácome; Jemes, and Gomes, for
Jacobo; Thomé, for Thomas; Reimão, for Raimundo; and others. But
it seems that many of the ancient ones are their own, and some of the common ones, such as they are,
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NOUNS 35

Egas, Moço, Bulhom, Gil, even though it comes from Egídio; Ayres, even though it comes from

Arias; Lizuarte, Floristão, Andreza, Arcângela, Brásia, Briolanja, Fructuoso

Felicia, Easter, Pascoela, Comba, Resendo, and Vasco.
The saints are those who gave almost all the names, and many are discovered that
it seems there was no saint of that name in the modern martyrologies, of which

one can see the print in Paris in 1709, and what has been discovered so far
parents of the company of Flanders with the title of Acta Sanctorum, of which
wait for the continuation, and the supplements.

From this principle of devotion to proportion, which bloomed or cooled, were made
the more or less frequent names, which was also observed by the use of the
times. Manoel, Maria, who are the two biggest names, have in greater
number who took them, António, Joseph, João, Francisco, Pedro are by the
the same very common cause; and Luís, and Fernando, after two kings of
France and Castile canonized them, they multiplied greatly.
The female names of some of these, and those of Catharina, Anna, Inez, Clara,
Margarida, Magdalena, and others, among the feminine are used a lot; and the

outdated from Tareja, after Saint Teresa, has become much more. This is not
as a general rule, because the devotion to a certain saint, which is found in the name of

Rodrigo, and Nuno, are not the reason for there being many, nor do I know if they have a saint.

Álvaro, Tristão, Gastão, Alonso, and others, neither Santa Guimar, Violante, and

Lionor or Leonor.
From the pastoral names, and even the ridiculous ones, I made separate alphabets; but how

these, and those of the wandering knights are infinite, and they pretend, like the poetic ones,

according to ideas, etymologies, anagrams, and initials, at the discretion of each

Well, I only remembered the most famous ones.

In the way of naming the titles of the kingdom, there is also variety, as in

nicknames, but by a different rule, because we of dukes and marquises always

the use of, Comodoges of Bragança, of Barcellos, which are in the Royal House;
Aveiro, from Cadaval, from Lafões, from Torres Novas, Marquesses of Abrantes,
36 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

["Alegrete","Anjeja","Arronches","Cascaes","Fontes","Fronteira","Ferreira","Gouvea"]

Marialva, Minas, Niza, Távora, and Valença. The counts, who are referred to as comde,

["sãocondes de Alvor","Assumar","Atouguia","Castel Melhor","Aveiras","Avintes"]

Cantanhede, Cocolim, S. Lourenço, S. Miguel, Monsanto, Óbidos, Oriola

Palma, Penaguião, Pombeiro, Povolide, Prado (also known as Prado)
Redondo, (which is also called Redondo) Santacruz, Sabugal, Santiago,
Sarzedas, S. João, Soure, Tarouca, Valadares, Valdereis, Villanova, Villaflor
Villarmayor, Villaverde, Unhão, Vimiozo, Vidigueira, Vimeiro, Villanova da
Cerveira, who is a viscount, and the count of Barbacena. Instead of being said, to the count.

da Calheta, Atalaya, Ericeira, Torre, Ilha, Visconde da Asseca,Barão da Ilha

Great. To the Count of Arcos, (also known as dos Arcos) of Galveas, of the River
Great. What has slightly more rules is the usage, or the gender, and termination.
the lands of the great, which exist today, although some of these, and other titles
and are incorporated into one family.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 37

MOST COMMON MALE NAMES

Adrião. In the nobility of Portugal, it is not in use. It was more common among the people.
When naming the emperor, or the six popes of this name, it is said, Adrian,
but the saint, Adrian. Hadrianus.

Afonso, which is also called Alfonso. It is a Gothic name, meaning beloved and faithful.
Almost as if it is not used outside of Spain, where there were eleven kings of this name, and six

in Portugal. The Castilians say Alonso, and only poetically Alfonso.

ancient Portuguese writings find Alfonso; poetically it is said Alfeo. There is
a common adage, which by saying that something is very old, says that it is
of the time of the Afonsinhos. This is the diminutive of Afonso. It seems that like the

the first king of Portugal was called that way, and three others among his first
six successors this origin of this adage. When this name was patronymic,
has not changed, and still remained almost always linked to the name of Martinho

in the family of Melos, Sousas, and others. They want it to come from Ataulfus, name

of a Gothic king. Alphonsus, others say in worse Latin, Adefonsus, and others
Aldefonsus.

Augustine. He did not want it to be said or written, Augustinho. In the

Nobility is rarely used, and in most cases not very common. In the past, it was

patronymic or surname, which can only be found in João Pereira Agostim from the family of

Wedges. Popular adage, There is no look without bacon, nor sermon without a saint.

Augustine

Alberto. It is not very commonly used; nor was it among the first nobility in Portugal,
having two emperors of this name, which is very old in Saxony. Albertus,
You Adelbert.
38 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Alexandre. It is a Greek name, used by the Latins, and by some noble families of
Portugal; but not very common. Saying, he is an Alexandre, so to speak, generous.

O brave one, alluding to Alexander the Great. The first, who is with this.
name, it is Paris, son of Priam. There is a king of Macedonia, three from Egypt, two
two from Epirus, two from Syria, two from the Jews, two Roman emperors, and eight

fathers, who were named Alexander. Of all the Alexanders the most
the famous is Alexander of Macedonia, son of Philip.

Alexander. This name, which is Greek, is formed from what does it mean
defense, and of Andros, genitive of , man, that is, defender, and
protector of men.

Alexo, or Aleixo. It is a Greek name, of which there were four emperors. Used only
in few noble families. Alexius.

Álvaro. An ancient name, Spanish, of Arabic origin, used by some families.

nobles, and in many others; Alvarinho, in the diminutive is little used, because
also means simple, like Alvar. In the past, it was also said in
Portuguese. The patronymic is Alvares, or Alvres, as it is pronounced. I have already warned.

that this patronymic was used in some noble families as a patronymic,

and in the vulgar, as a nickname.

Bitter. It is not of the first nobility, nor very common. Saying, it is a Bitter.
from the slab, because that was the name of a cleric from Lisbon, famous for his

sayings, and gallant pieces. Another adage, It is a hermit of Santo Amaro, or its
cat, for calling a man hypocritical, or wizard, as he was that one
hermit
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 39

Ambrosio. Greek and Latin name, little used by the nobility, and not much in
common. Adage, It's an Ambrosio mullet, so to speak, that he is a man of little

importance.Ambrosius.

André. We took this name from the French André, because the Spaniards say
Andrés, little used in the Nobility. Andreas, genitive. Andreae.

Then. In the past we said Antom, and the Spaniards say Anton, and
we made this name, which is the same as António, another separated in Santo
Then. It was used in some noble families. Today less so, and among the people.

Adages. Make me fears of Santo Antão, to explain visions, with which it appeared.
that saint. The bells of Santo Antão ring to show that there is little.
true generosity, that does not give in order to receive. Then for
Then he went to Castile to mend the singularity of those who pronounce, and
they write the adverb then with the letter A, Antão. Antonius.

António, corrupt, Antoino, one of the most used names, due to the devotion to this.
Saint, native of Lisbon. It is from the ancient Romans, who wanted to derive it from

Anteon. Its diminutive is Antoninho, and Antonico. Its patronymic is

Antunes, not used by the first nobility; poetically called Anfriso, and
Camões Tionio. Santantoninho is the name of a small fish.

Arturé is an English name. It was used in some noble families, and little in the

cowardly.

Aurélio, a rarely used name, and ancient Roman. Adage. Walks Aurélio, for
Say, He is in the air. D. Aurélio was called the son of King D. Afonso the Catholic.
40 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Ayres, a name that used to be said as Ayres, and the Spaniards say Arias,
where family is also, and in Portugal this name is more commonly found in some

noble families, which in common; and if it was little used by patronymic, if you want
to translate oneself into Latin, it will be said Arias.

MOST COMMON FEMALE NAMES

Agostinha, the feminine form of Agostinho, not used in nobility. Augustina, and, Fem.

Águeda in Latin and Greek Agatha. It is the name of a fine oriental stone.

Aldonça, which is also called Dulce, or sweet, was widely used; and we had a
queen of this name, wife of king D. Sancho the First; today it is little, and
less in the people.

Ambrosia, it is not common, means the delicacy or the drink of the gods.

Anastásia is not used much. They want today to pronounce it Anastasía, long.

Andreza, the feminine form of André, which the Spanish say Andréa, was more
used in the past. The Tejo had some bends between Lisbon and Santarém
dangerous to navigators, which King D. João Fifth ordered to be cut down with

great expense, and common benefit by the direction of D. Fernando Mascarenhas,

Marquês de Fronteira, Overseer of the Treasury of the Navy Department,
Council of State, and Governor of Arms of Beira and Alentejo. These are
Chamavamas voltas de Andreza, and it stayed in adagio.

Ángela, derived from Angel, is more commonly used in Castile than in Portugal, and in this

but in the nobility. Angela, and.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 41

Angelica is also not very commonly used, and it is the name of a flower, which also...
tuberose

Anna, a Hebrew name, meaning graceful, beautiful; Virgil also uses it in

sister of Dido. Anna reports, she is more beloved by the light than her sister. Aeneid. book 4.

the diminutive of Anna is Annica, or Anica. Poetically it is said Anarda, Anícia,

Diana.

Antónia, the feminine form of António, also used by the Romans, and much more of the
Portuguese. Its diminutive is Antonica, and Antoninha. She considers herself a Saint.

Antonina, said to be Portuguese, from whom the tradition lasted in Beira,

this popular song, referred to by Jorge Cardoso in his Agiológio: Antonina of
big eyes, / They killed you idolaters, / And fierce Giants. Poetically it
said Antandra, Tionia, Anfrisa.

Apollonian is not very useful.

MEN'S NAMES, RARELY USED

Abraham, meaning 'father of multitude' in the Hebrew language, after God

showed so much care for this name, that being first Abram, which meant
exalted father, added these two letters to you. It was little used in Portugal,
except for a few foreigners who were naturalized. In Syria, there is a Saint
Abraham, Hermit, and in Alvernia another Saint Abraham, Confessor.

Achilles. See further down.

42 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Adam, the name of the first father, which means earth, or red; in Portugal it is
most used by farmers.

Amadeo. He chose this name to disguise himself as D. João da Sylva and

Menezes, known as Blessed Amadeo, famous for his virtues, and
prophecies. It is very common in the House of Savoy.

Amador, Amando, and Amato, there are saints of these names, in Autumn of France.
in Bordeaux, in Seins; in Portugal I find none of them. Amator. Amandus.
Amatus. Amato Lusitano is better known as a great physician than as a good one.
Christian.

Ângelo, Aniceto, Anselmo, Apollinário, the first, and the last of these
Names have some use in Portugal.

Achilles, or Achilles, Greek name, and Latin, which took Achilles Statius,
Portuguese, illustrious poet, distinguished speaker, etc.

Ascension, it is used in some noble family, and some will say corruptly,
Incense. Ascent.

RARE WOMAN NAMES

Apollinária, feminine of Apollinário. Aurélia, Aureliana, Auta.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 43

Ancient Male Names

April. This month in Portugal gave a man's name that the Ancients used.
much in Portugal, just like other nations also took the name of
other months, January, March, etc.

Abúndio is the name of a saint writer, who is said to be Portuguese.

The Roman Martyrology mentions eight saints Abundius; some of them
may be ours, Abundius, ii.

Ahufo seems to be the same as Ataulphus, had the patronymic Ahufes.

Agathon, formerly Agathão. There is a saint pope by this name. Agatho, onis.

Aimerico, it seems to be the same as Emerico, a German name, and Américo, which
under the auspices of Portugal, gave its name to America.

Ansur, you have the patronymic Ansures.

Arnaldo, it seems that the nickname Arnau was made; there is also Analdo, as if
called Analdo Vestaois, who may be the same name.

Ancient names of women

Alda is a name used for grand old ladies.

Aldara, although an Arabic name, is preserved in illustrious Christian ladies. Lady

Aldara Vasques was the daughter of Count D. Gomes de Sobrado.
44 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARISTICS

Aragunta, Vid. Urraca.

Aza, an Arabic name, which was also used among Christians.

Common Male Names

Balthazar, or Balthezar, means the same as what secretly gathers.

Treasures. It is the name of some kings of Babylon. It is also attributed to Daniel.

this name is the name of one of the three Wise Men.

Bautista, or Baptista. This name was derived from the epithet of St. John, who had it.
because it was the first, that baptized, and is more commonly used in surnames.

Belchior, this corruption prevailed over Melchior, which is how it should be said,
following Latin, and other languages, it is the name of one of the three Wise Men.

Benedict, the name of a black saint, most commonly used among those of that nation.
Poland venerates a holy martyr of the same name.

Bento. In Latin, Benedictus, which means blessed. It is not used in nobility.

Adage. Saint Benedict, what a spider is that! And to those from Minho, who swap the B for

V.S. Wind, what a Bento it makes.

Bernardino is not a diminutive of Bernardo, but a separate name, of St.

Bernardino de Sena, Religious of St. Francis. It is used in some families.
of the nobility; it used to be said, Bernaldim, and Bernardim is used when one
his nickname follows. Bernardinus Senensis.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 45

Bernardo, formerly known as Bernaldo with the nickname, and the patronymic Bernardes,
what was said, Bernaldes. Adage. Brave as a Bernardo, which alludes to
Bernardo del Carpio, to whom many heroic actions were attributed. Another saying,
Remove Bernardo, when it is very clear. Sauce of S. Bernardo, it is called.
hunger. Poetically, Berardo, and Beraldo.

Bartholameu, ouBertholameu. Vem do siríaco, e quer dizer: Filho de quem

suspend the waters; in diminutive Bártholo. Adage. Day of St. Bartholomew
you or the Devil loose. Bartholo, the Bartholos are called in a crude way all the

genre of books, especially classics. With another etymology, they want

some, that Bartholomew in Syriac means son of Tholomai, because Bar
that means Son. St. John the Evangelist always names Nathanael, to whom the
other evangelists name Bartholomew, and they all come to be the same saint
apostle.

Barnabas, or Barnabé, in Hebrew, Barnabas, son of consolation, is not

very vulgar.

Braz. Adage. S. Braz, what a cough! Hit him on the back. Blasius.

MOST COMMON WOMEN'S NAMES

Barbara, which is the most used spelling and pronunciation, although it is Barbara.
name of a saint implored in thunder and storms. This virgin saint, and
martyr, was the daughter of Dioscorus, a rich and powerful man, but so cruel, and

barbarian, for he himself, seeing that he could not force her to worship the gods,
he handed it to the judges, and furious at your steadfastness, he took the cleaver, and

I have been changed, which gave rise to this distich, I am Barbara, I am not; I am meek.
46 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

virgin in my heart,/But the one who gave birth to me was that barbarian. In French, she is called Saint.

Barb, that is, Saint Barbara, the military square of the ships.

Benta, female form of Bento. Little used in nobility. There are virgins and saints.
martyrs of this name.

Bernarda, feminine of Bernardo, poetically, Belisarda, or Belarda. Lady

Bernarda Ferreira de Lacerda composed the poem in Spanish meter,
titled, Free Spain, printed in Lisbon, year 1618.

Branca is a French name and was more commonly used than it is today in Portugal and Castile;
in good Latin, White, or Candid, but the authors, even though they write in Latin,

to make them a separate name, they commonly say with a Latinized word
White.

Brazia, feminine of Braz, more commonly used among the people and compatriots. Blasia, ae, Fem.

Briolanja was used more in the past in the nobility.

Brigid, which is used, and not Brigita, corruptly is Abrídida. The Martyrology
in Portuguese it says Brigida, February 1st.

Brites, which in other languages is said Beatriz. Adage. Of the meats the ram,
gives birds to partridge, gives women to Beatriz.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Boaventura, although this is the name of Saint Boaventura, the name of

Ventura is more used.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 47

Bonifácio means one who does good.

Goodman, it is only said by naming S. Goodman, saint of the Tailors.

Man is a nickname.

RAREST NAMES FOR WOMEN

Benedita, Bernardina, Bonifácia, feminine forms of Benedito, Bernardino, etc.

Ancient Names of Men

Bamba, although he was the name of a holy king, and a Gothic, native of Idanha-a-
Old, in Portugal, it is no longer used except in the adage, when to say that a
the thing is old, it is said to be from the time of King Bamba. The writers in Latin
they say Wamba.

Beltrão, a French and Spanish name. Adage. Whoever loves Beltrão, loves its
dog, Beltranus.

Bernaldo, eBernaldim. See above, Bernardo, and Bernardino.

Bermudo, also known as Bermui or Vermui. Gothic name of three kings of

Lion: had the patronymic Vermuis, later Bermudes, meaning prince
armed

Bolhom is a name that became a nickname. Bulhão and Bulhões, families, from which it was.
Saint Anthony of Lisbon.
48 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Ancient Women's Names

Berenguella, also known as Berengueira, and commonly referred to as Beringela, was

name of some Queens of Castile. Polidoro mentions Berengaria,
wife of Ricardo, king of England, and daughter of Garcia, king of Navarre, lib. 14.
Berengaria, feminine.

Berta was the feminine form of Bertholameo, and it is still used among the locals.

Bértola. King Pepin had a daughter named Bertha, and there were others.
princesses of this name.

Bertinalda. It can be derived from Bertino, a holy abbot, venerated in the region of
Tarvana, in the Sithin Monastery.

MOST COMMON MEN'S NAMES

Caetano. This Italian name became very common after this great
Patriarch of Regular Clerics. Corruptly referred to as Gueatano, the people more
lower says Tiatano.

Carlos, who corruptly calls himself Calros. Comes from the old German Karles, which
significant benign, powerful. In Spain, there were two kings of this name, and six

emperors, and nine kings of France, twelve of Sweden, two of England, etc.
Charles, i.

Chrysostom. It is a Greek name that means golden mouth. This name is given to
two authors, St. John Chrysostom, Patriarch of Constantinople, and to the
historian Dion, to both because of his eloquence, and elegance of his
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 49

speeches. However, in Portuguese, it is only in use regarding the first one, of which

almost left you with a nickname, because it is said S. John Chrysostom, and also
St. Chrysostom, and some take Chrysostom as a name, although it is not.
very used. Chrysostomus, i.

Christóvão, in Latin Christophorus, means he who carries Christ.

Clemente, which means benevolent, is not very commonly used, and nothing of the nobility, but
there have been eleven popes of this name. Clement, that is.

Constantino is not very common. It is a very famous name in Portugal, and

singulary, in the person of D. Constantino, fourth son of D. James, fourth
duke of Bragança, who being viceroy of India, did not want to accept the great
sum of money that the king of Pegu sent him to offer for the howler monkey's tooth,
what he brought from Jafanapatão, and had him laid in a large brazier, with
admiration of the gentiles, and applause of the Christians who were present.
Constantine, i.

Cosme, it is not very common. Cosmos in Greek means world. Cosmus, i.

Crispim and eCrispino are names of various saints; the first is little used,
the second, nothing, that I know of.

Cyprian. The Roman Martyrology mentions six saints of this name:

it's not used much among us.

MOST USED WOMEN'S NAMES

Caetana, feminine of Caetano.

50 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARIES

Catharina, or Catherina; in Spanish, Catalina, in the diminutive,

Little Cat, poetically Clorinda, Clarinda, Cintia.

Clara, Poetically Clarícia, means Shining, illustrious. Clara, ae, Fem.

Cristina, or Christina. A name, although little used in the nobility of Portugal,

rather familiar in the courts of the North, Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christina of

Lorena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan;

Christina, Duchess of Savoy, daughter of Henry IV and sister of Henrietta
Mary, Queen of England, in whose court I was born in London, and later I had the
honor of preaching some sermons in your Royal presence in Paris, before I came
In Portugal, the first time, year 1668. Of these two princess sisters, it is said that
in the letters that they wrote to each other, the second one signed herself as Henriqueta

Maria, Queen of Great Britain, England, Scotland, Hibernia, etc. and the first
simply said, Christina Contente. With dire disasters showed the
time which of the two sisters had more reason to boast of being happy.

UNCOMMON MALE NAMES

Callisto derives from the Greek superlative Callixtos, very beautiful, very good. It is
name, which had three pontiffs and two patriarchs of Constantinople.
Callisto is also a woman's name in the fable, who pretended to be a nymph, loved by

Jupiter, and by the jealousy of Juno transformed into a bear, as seen in Propertius.

Callisto Arcadios had wandered as a Bear through the fields, This

The night governs the sails with its star. I don't know if that is used in Portugal.

Cherubino comes from the Hebrew Cherubim, meaning master or multitude of

sciences.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 51

Cid, or Cide, is a Portuguese name and also a nickname, derived from the epithet that
in Arabic means lord, which was used as a synonym for Ruy Dias of
Bivar, who defeated five Moorish kings, and is better known by the name of Cid,
what hair from Rodrigo. This famous Warrior (if everything said about him is true)
your Chronicle, which looks more like a book of Chivalry) flourished in the eleventh century. Cid

it is also the nickname of a noble family in Portugal. We say, it is a Cid, for

to say is very brave. In Arabic it is said Ceid, and it also means chief.
general, governor, little king.

Climaco. A name so rarely used that it only has memories of it in books. It is

surname of two saints. St. John Climacus, called the Scholastic, because of
of your erudition; and St. John Climacus, the Sinai, because of Mount Sinai, place
he lived in, and even more commonly called Clímaco because of his
book, titled The Holy Ladder; that Climax, where Clímaco is derived, wants
say ladder, or steps of the ladder.

Cláudio is an ancient Roman name.

Custódio is a name that devotion introduced, as it signifies the office of the angel of

look, and it is not very rare.

Cornelius, although the devotion to this saint, who was pope and martyr, is frequent,
And of the same name there was a bishop of Caesarea, as well as a saint.

Cornelia, martyr in Africa, one name, both masculine and

feminine, among the Portuguese are very rare.
52 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

Camilla, corruptoCamilia, is an ancient Roman name. There was also a

Camilla, queen of the Volsci, people of the province of Latium, today Campania
Roma. It was used by the ladies of Portugal.

Camillo, I don't find saints by that name in the Martyrology. It's a name used in
Italy, and had illustrious men of this name.

Candida, eCandido, Latin names, which are worth the same as white, and
white. There are many saints of these names.

Cazimira, Cherubina, Cláudia, Clemência are feminine forms of Casimiro.

Cherubino, Cláudio, Clemente.

Comba. It means Dove, it is the name of holy Virgins and martyrs, in Cordova.
and Saints of France, and Portuguese, or venerated in Portugal. Columba, ae.

Constância, or Constança, which is more common, is an ancient name, and always

used in Portugal among ladies, and less among ordinary people. Saint
Constancia, daughter of Emperor Constantine, and another Saint Constancia Martyr.

Crispina, the feminine form of Crispim, has Saint Crispina the Martyr.

Custody, the feminine of Custodial, which was also used out of devotion to
Most Holy Sacrament.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 53

Ancient Names of Men

Crispiniano, saint martyr.

Childe, this is how the Rolins trunk is called, and he also entered some of this.
family, as a nickname.

Ancient Women's Names

Look, there is still a village in Trás-os-Montes called A Torre de

Lady Flame.

Common male names

Damião, it is not very used. Adage. Gather yourselves Frey Damião. Another adage.
Frey Damião, this is wanted from afar. It originated from a Friar, wanting
performing exorcisms on a possessed person, prepared for a week with fasting,
the confessions, not being so devoted until that time, and it is said that the first
cousa, that the devil told him, showing that he did not fear such virtue
modern, they were the words that compose this saying.

Denis, or Dinis, is the same as Dionysius, but used differently, because today,
when one names the saint, it is said, Saint Dionysius; and to those who have this name, their

nickname is said of the same kind, however to the magnificent king of Portugal, and to many

Nobles are only given the name of Denis. Adagio. King D. Dinis did as he pleased.
Also Dionysus is one of the names that the ancients gave to Bacchus. Some take away

this name of God, genitive of Zeus, Jupiter, and of Nyza, city of Egypt, in the
the Arabia border, where the ancients said that Bacchus was raised by the nymphs.
54 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Others intend to derive Dionysius from Du, or Dy, which means lord.
Indian language. Dionysius, ii.

Diogo. The etymology of this name is from Jago, an abbreviation of Jacobo; however
after there was St. James, it made a separate name, of which they say came the

patronymic, and surname Dias; poetically it is said Délio. See Jacobus. Adage.
Take the ones from Vila Diogo, it is said to be by Fugir. Dias is also a name, and there was D.

Dias Ximenes, lord of Cameiros. Didacus, ci.

Sundays, meaning of the Lord. The Castilians say Saint Domingo.

Today begins the devotion to make this name more used in nobility, however the
The patronymic Domingues belongs only to the people. Dominicus, see.

Duarte. It is an English name, which King D. Duarte of Portugal took from his great-grandfather.
King Edward, or Edward the Third of England. In books of chivalry, it
chama D. Duardo, D. Duardinhos. Adagio. Guarte Duarte.

NAMES OF WOMEN, VULGAR

Domingas, the feminine form of Domingos, is more used among the people. Dorothea, a name.
Greg, what the meaning of divinity. Poetically Delia, or Dynamene, or
Dóris.

RARE MEN'S NAMES

Dâmazo, or Damázio, a rarely used name, being that of a pontiff saint,

portuguese.

Daniel means in Hebrew, judgment of God.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 55

Damásia, Damiana, Dionysia are the feminine forms of these names.

Demetrius, a Greek name, which means abundance of wheat. There are many saints.
deste nome, e o seu feminino é Demétria, virgem, e mártir.Demetrius, ii.

Desire, meaning desire.

Dórdia. Dona Dórdia Mendes, mulher de D. Payo Guterres, e Dona Dórdia

Dias, daughter of D. Gil Vasques de Soverosa.

Sweet, it is the same as Aldonza but Dulcis in Latin means that, and some
they named her Queen Dona Aldonça, wife of King D. Sancho, the First
from Portugal. See Aldonça.

God gave him. In Latin, Deus dedit, Saint God gave, of which it mentions the
Martyrology in Portuguese, on August tenth, there was a saint, who on Saturday
he distributed to the poor what he earned, working with his hands throughout the week.

There are two other saints with the same name. In Portugal, God was called God.

Martins the heroine, who defended Monção.

MEN'S NAMES USED

Enrique. See. Henrique: it used to be written as Anrique.

Estevão, which some mistakenly write as Stevão, means crown in Greek.

There are the patronymic surnames Esteves and Estevens, and they are found in abbreviation.

infinite Esteveannes.
56 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

NAMES OF WOMEN USED

Elena, or Helena, means Greek. Corruptly it is said Ilena, poetically.

Elisa. Adagio. Elena was fifteen, from fifteen to forty.

Elvira, a Castilian name, rarely used, and only found in the nobility.

Grace, corrupt Ingracia, uncommon.

Eria, or Eyria, but it should properly be written as Iria, because it comes from Irene.
giving this holy Portuguese woman the name to Santarém. When she is named

empress, or another ancient woman, is called Irene, and not Iria.

Hope is a name used in Portugal and Castile. In Rome, the saint is venerated.
virgin, and martyr Hope.

Euphrosyne, or Euphrasia, Greek name. It means joy. The church venerates it three times.
santa of this name.

UNCOMMON MEN'S NAMES

Eleutherio, Greek name, used more in Noutel. Liberator. Surname,

the epithet that the Greeks gave to Jupiter, for having made them win near the
river Asopo the victory over Mardonius, general of the Persians, with death of
three hundred thousand men from your army, and free them from the yoke of the Persians for this reason.

Eleutherio is also a man's name, and there is Saint Eleutherio the Pope, who lived

in the second century. Eleutherius, ii.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 57

Elias, a Hebrew name, meaning God is strong. There are authors and illustrious men.
of this name. Besides the prophet Elijah, there are two Elias, bishops, and martyrs. Helias,

ae.

Elisha, Hebrew name, means God's health. Elisha, ae.

Eloy, French name. It used to be written as Loy. Eligius, ii.

Stanislaus, or Stanislaus, Polish name.

Eugene, a Greek name, means joy.

Eusebius from Greek, and val is the same as pio, ebene. Eusebius, ii.

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

Emerenciana, name of a virgin saint and martyr, venerated in Rome.

Emilia, corrupt, Imilia, Roman name. In the Martyrology, we have two

Emilianas, Emília, none, three Emílios, yes.

Estefânia is the feminine form of Estevão, formerly Estevainha.

Scholastica, virgin, on Monte Cassino.

Eufémia. This name is asked with gallantry, and like an enigma; what is the
name, that whenever a man says it, it's a lie, but when he says it once
woman, is it true? In Latin it is Euphemia, and it is a Greek name.
58 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Eugénia, the feminine form of Eugénio, is a Greek name, now more commonly used in nobility.
See Eugenio, above.

Egas, a Portuguese proper name, which great Egas Moniz made, and of him was
patronymic, and the surname is Viegas.

Egídio. See Gil, in which it is most used.

Ermídio, or Hermídio, or Hermigo, had the patronymic Ernigues.

Estácio also has the nickname Estaço, and this name is not one of the most outdated.

Ancient women's names

["Elduara","Enchegues","Enxamea","Eramea","Ermesenda","Hermenesenda"]

Hello. Dona Ello was the wife of Nuno Laynes.

It seems that he gave this name to the unfortunate lady of Leandro, and it is also found.
a man, in D. Ero Mendes de Molles, was the husband of Dona Oroana Soares.

Estevainha, it was said in the past as Estefânia. Mrs. Estevainha, daughter of

Count D. A.

Eva, or Heva, significant. Lady Eva was the name of the Count's wife.
Pedro de Lara.

Eusebia, little used in modern times. Empress Eusebia, wife of

Emperor Constantine.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 59

MEN'S NAMES

Fadrique, corruptly Fradique, being an abbreviation of Federico, name

Gothic, and of three emperors. Made a separate name, and only used in some.
families of the nobility or of Fadrique. Fridericus, ci.

Feliciano is not very commonly used.

Felippe, or Filippe, which some write as Phelippe, is a Greek and Latin name that
significabelicoso, ecavaleiro. In Spain, there have been five kings of this name,
that the second, third, and fourth, governed Portugal for almost sixty
years, while it did not return to its natural kings. Poetically, Phileno,
Feliso.Philippus, i.

Félix means fortunate; it can also be written as Félis. There have been pontiffs of this name.
name. Felix, cis.

Fernando, corruptly Farnando. Gothic name, which was also said

Ferrantus, significant defender of religion. In Portugal, there was a king of this name.
name, and five in Castile, and today the Prince of Asturias also has it. It was
always used the nickname of Fernando, with the full name, and patronymic of
Fernandes in the nobility, and people; the Castilians say Fernando, and when
they appoint the kings, or the people, who have Dom, and other qualified ones, can

only Hernando, when they talk about ordinary people, and in the old days
times Fernan, like the count of Castile, Fernan Gonçales. From here came the

Portugal with some variety in the use of this name, because

When we talk about the saint, the kings, the people who have a gift, or in some cases.

without a nickname, one is always called Fernando; but when they are named, even the most
60 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

nobles, with a nickname, are always said, and still write Fernão, or Fernan. This
example shows two illustrious directors of the Royal Portuguese Academy, D.
Fernando Mascarenhas, Marquis of Fronteira, Fernão Telles da Sylva,
Marquês de Alegrete. The diminutive of this name is Fernandinho. Poetically
It is said Felizardo, or Fábio. Adage. Squire of Fernan. Ferdinandus, di.

Francisco means French, and they say that by speaking this language, this name was given.

the name of St. Francis of Assisi, who called you John. The diminutive is

Francisquinho. Poetically Fenizo, and also Fileno. Often walks

joined with the nickname of St. Francis Xavier the name of Franco, which some
it wants to be the same, it divided into São Franco, and in Portuguese it is a nickname, and

significaliberal, it's easy. From this name, there have been many saints, and none

Heresy. Adagios. I will pay for the body, like Saint Francis. He will eat the irons.

of St. Francis.

Fructuoso. Being of a Portuguese saint, archbishop of Braga, is not very

used. It means someone who does, or gives fruit. In Tarragona, there is S. Fructuoso, bishop, and

martyr. Fructuosus, yes.

MOST KNOWN WOMEN'S NAMES

Faustina, a Roman name, meaning fortunate.

Feliciana, feminine form of Feliciano.

Felippa, or Filippa, feminine form of Felippe, diminutive Felippinha.

Poetically Feliza, or Filida, and Phyllis, which is more generic for ladies, and

means sacred. Greek Phyllis; in Latin Philippa, ae.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 61

LESS COMMON MALE NAMES

Faustino, an ancient name of Rome, fortunate. Faustinus.

Fabião, in Latin Fabianus, i. There is a martyr pope of this name, and some saints.
Fabians.

Febo, although it is a Greek name that means the sun poetically, it seems that the
the French, from where it was used in some noble families of
Portugal; and also, although less among the common people, which also took it

by nickname. In Latin Phoebus, i.

Federico, eFradiqueé already different name.

Felício, the superlative Felicissimus is the name of four saints.

Florian, or Floriano, was more commonly used in Castile in the past. There are two saints.
Florians, martyrs.

Floriotão, a name that seems like that of wandering knights, and was used in some
noble families.

LESS COMMON WOMEN'S NAMES

Fabiana, feminine form of Fabião.

Flávia, a Roman name, feminine of Flavian. We have Saint Flávia, and Saint
Flaviana, both virgins and martyrs.
62 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Flora, little used, and much in poetry. It is also the name of two saints.

Florence has some use in noble families. In Seville, Saint is revered.

Florence Virgin.

OLD NAMES OF MEN

Fafes, after D. Fafes Luz, a famous signifier, or chief ensign of Count D.

Henrique, who made a patronymic surname in his descendants, which became extinct.

Facundo, or Fagundo, which the Castilians called Sahagun, nickname

Fagundes. D. Pedro Bernardino de S. Fagundo, legitimate descendant of the king
D. Fruela is the right trunk of the Menezes in 1120. In Galicia, S. Facundo.
martyr.

Favilla is a Latin name that means spark, and it is the name of a king of León.

Florentim, Florentino, and eFlorêncio, they are all the same name.

Frade was formerly the name of Frade Valdrique, who killed Count D.
Goçoy is not only a proper name, but also a nickname, which seems to be an abbreviation of

Fadrique, or Fradique.

Froile, or Frol, which seems the same as Fruila, and which is Fruela.

Frojás, which is also a patronymic nickname.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 63

Fruela, or Fruila, of which there were two kings of León, who has already been said to seem to be the
even Frol, and Froila.

Fuas, was called D. Fuas Roupinho, a famous captain of King D. Afonso.

Henriques.

OUTDATED FEMALE NAMES

Frolhe, eFroilhe, which are also found in women's names, Lady

Froilhe Rodrigues, daughter of D. Rodrigo Gonçalves Pereira.

MEN'S NAMES

Gabriel, in Hebrew, fortress of God, corruptly Graviel.

Garcia is a Spanish proper name; there was a king of León by that name, and another ancient one.

in Portugal. This name has been preserved in some noble families; and the
famous poet illustrates the example of the diminutive Garcilaso, and the same name

he had the commander-in-chief of Castile. Garcias.

Gaspar, name given to one of the three Wise Men. Gaspar.

Gastão, which the Ancients called Gastom, is a French name, and in Portugal almost
it was only used in some families, noble. Corruptly Castão. Expense, onis.

Come on, see, Jaime, what corruption is.

Gil is the briefest name, and also Spanish, because the French say
Gilles. When in some families the patronymic Anes is followed, if not
64 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

says Gil Anes, or Gileanes, and when one names a Portuguese saint
Dominican, if it is not said Saint Gil, it is said Saint Friar Gil. The common diminutive is Gilote.

what is used in pastors.

Giraldo, which seems to be the same as Gerardo, as the ancients did of

Bernardo Bernaldo, and thus he refers to Giraldo without fear,
you Gerardo, the conqueror of Évora. However, to the Holy Archbishop of Braga only
It is said S. Giraldo, and the patronymic surname is Giraldes. Adage. Giraldo you want

More broth? No, ma'am, it scalds me.

Gomes, an ancient name, but still preserved in noble families, like the
your patronymic, which is also a vulgar nickname. They say it is the same as
Jaime, it is Gemes, but I understand it is not like that. Gomesius, ii.

Gonçalo, the diminutive Gonçalinho. The patronymic that is preserved in

some families, it is Gonçalves, or Gonsalves. Adage. At Gonçalo's house more
can the hen, which the rooster. Gonçaleanes, not Gonçalhoanes. Gundisalvus, i.

Gregório is not much used, and even less among the nobility; corrupt Gregoiro,
Gregorius, ii. William, formerly Guilhem, is an ancient German name, used
from the English and the French, with some diversity, because they say
Guillaume. In Latin Guilelmus, or Vilelmus.

MOST USED WOMEN'S NAMES

Gerarda, the feminine form of Gerardo, is not vulgar.

Grácia was used more in the past and means grace. The name still lasts in the
Dona Grácia's river next to Sacavém, which communicated a beautiful
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 65

lady, thus called, of whom King D. Dinis had with Count D. Pedro, author of
first book of families, to whom the preservation of their memory is owed, and
of many of these names.

Guimar, or Guiomar, which was also formerly called Gomar, as

this name, which is Spanish, is still translated into Latin and widely used in

Portugal. Manoel de Faria e Sousa in his Commentary on the Rhymes of Camões explains

Leinnoria, which is water from the Greek sea, which the same Camões also
chamaGalathea.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Giraldo, see Gerardo.

Gervásio, Gervásias are the names of some early pears, which are valued. But
we do not need this etymology, because in the church of Milan the
memories of Saint Gervasius the martyr.

Ginês, the Ancients called Geni, and it is preserved in the hermitage of Our Lady of
Set up a stone chair, which is still called S. Geni. The name of Gines.
is used more in Castile than in Portugal.

Grammar derives from the Greek Grammatos, which means letter, but it is a name

characteristic of a man among the Arabs, which some Portuguese retained in the
provinces of Africa.

Gualter, still has some use. Gualterius.

66 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARIES

Guido is a French name, and the counts of Laval could not have another, as already
to refer.

RARER WOMEN'S NAMES

Gabriela, feminine form of Gabriel.

Genovefa is a French name, Genevieve in Latin Genovefa, ae.

Gila, most used in Castilian, in the name of shepherdesses, with the diminutive of
Gilet

Gregória, the feminine form of Gregório, more commonly used among women in rural areas,
Corrupt Gregoira.

Grimeneza was widely used in nobility, and it is not outdated at all,

this goes in this class.

OLD NAMES OF MEN

Galaal seems like an Arabic name, but it has been among the nobility.

Gala, most used in chivalry books.

Galdim, Ganfey, Gavino.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 67

Gentil is also a man's name, and there is Gentil Soares, who died in the
the battle of Alfaiates with D. Álvaro Nunes de Lara, to whom he was a vassal, says the

Nobility of Count D. Pedro.

Godinho, or Godim; there was also among others of this name Lady Godinha
from Mato, who was a friend of D. Vermui Pires Potestade Godestindo.Goesto.

Gofredo, who also claimed to be Gofrido, and Jofre. Gothofridus, i.

Gombalde Entensa, count of Urgel, was the grandfather of King D. Pedro IV of Aragon.

Gocoi, or Gozoi.

Gueda, it's feminine, but there was also masculine, and if you consider Alarte Guedas,
father of Dona Gueda Alvite.

Guinichilde Rolim was the second person in the army of which he was general.

Guilhelme of Lincoln, or Lincoln, brother of the king of England, who helped

King Afonso Henriques in the conquest of Lisbon, and from him comes the illustrious,
ancient family of Rolim in Portugal.

Gundimar, the standard bearer of King D. Bermudo of León, in 898 was the first, who
I use the nickname Gusmão.

GustiosGonçalves is the trunk of Lara's family.

Guterre, or Goter, as the Castilians say Gutierre, from which we derive the
patronymic Guterres. It was widely used in Portugal in the early nobility, and

remained longer than other ancients.

68 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Ancient Women’s Names

Geneva, or Genebra, they say it is a French name, and so it is, because genevre
It is the plant that in Portugal we call zimbro, and in Latin Juniperus.

Goma, feminine of Gomes.

Goda, Gontinha, Gontrode.

Gozoi was also a woman's name.

Grixiveira. Lady Grixiveira built the monastery of St. Martin of Junca, where she rests.
and she was the sister of D. Frojaz, and of Count D. Frojaz Vermuis, others say of the count

D. Álvaro Gueda, who is also said to have been a male name, and made the nickname of

Guedes.

MEN'S NAMES

Heitor, it is not very common. It is the name of the son of Priam, king of Troy, who
was killed by Achilles at the site of Troy, and was one of the ancient gods of

Sardinia. Hector, is.

Henrique, or Errique, corrupt, or it used to be said Anrique. It is a name.

Gothic, which was commonly used by the French, was common to many kings, and

emperors; in Spain, and France there were four; in Portugal two, the
Cardinal King, and of Burgundy his first Count, and founder. Henricus, and
Barbarously Anricus.

Hyacinth. See Jacinth.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 69

Hieronymus, See Jeronimo.

MOST COMMON WOMEN'S NAMES

Helena, See. Elena.

Hyacinth, Vid. Jacintha.

Hieronymus, See Jerome.

RARE MEN'S NAMES

Hilarion. In Greek Hilarion. There is Saint Hilarion, martyr, and another Saint.
Hilarius, Abbot of Cyprus.

Hilarious. They want some to be said in Latin as Hilarus, but the Martirology
Latin, and the Breviary on the day of the said saint January 13 says Hilarius.

Hippolyta, see Hippolytus.

Hippolytus, or Hippolyto. The fable makes him the son of Theseus, king of Athens, and of
Amazona, called Hippolyta. In Hippolyto, the etymological accommodations are

derivation from Greek Hippos, horse, and Litos, stone, because (according to the

poets) the horses, which carried in a cart this unfortunate young man,
frightened of the seals, sea monsters, that were forcefully coming out of the
sea, they took the brake, and while fleeing they dragged him over pebbles made into pieces. There is

the church three or four holy martyrs with the name of Hippolytus. Hippolytus
i.
70 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Honored, meaning honored.

Honorius has saints of these two names.

RAREST NAMES OF WOMEN

Hilária, feminine of Hilário.

Hippolyta, See Hippolyto above.

Herculana, feminine of Herculano. There are saints of this name. They want that
The arch of Herculane is corrupt.

OLD NAMES OF MEN

Hermenegildo, Gothic name. This prince, son of Leovigildo, king of

Visigoths, died a martyr.

Hermigio. See Ermigio.

Hugo, or Ugo, as D. Ugo de Cardona was.

Humbertoprimeiro, prince of Vienna, waged war against the duke of Savoy.

Old Women's Names

Hermenezenda, or Ermezenda.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 71

Hermengarde, the first wife of Charlemagne. There are other princesses of this.
same name.

MOST COMMON MALE NAMES

Jacintho is also a flower and a gemstone. Hyacinthus, i.

Jácome has the same derivation as the others, which comes from Jacobo, it is not from the
most used, and it is a nickname.

Jaime, which used to be called Xemes or Jemes, is rarely used outside of the
nobility in Portugal, because in other kingdoms it is more common in Latin

Jacob, and everything is derived from this saint, which is pronounced Santiago, and made a name.
apart, as will be seen in the letter S, anticipating itself, or corrupting itself Jacobo

In Jago, what the French call Jacques, a name that some have retained.
naturalized foreigners, and what is a surname.

Jerónymo, which some write as Hierónymo, and others less correctly as Gerónymo,
And corruptly Jerólimo, is a very ancient name, because it is found in a tyrant.
from Sicily, and comes from Ieros, which means sacred thing. In Latin Hieronymus.

Inácio, or Ignácio, from the Latin Ignis, fire, poetically Inaco.

Joaquim, Joachim, means preparation of the Lord; the devotion of a saint.

so ancient has renewed itself in recent times, and made this name more common.

John. Because some write Joam, and the Ancients used to say Joanne, in the union with
the nicknames, it is still said in some Joanne, like Joanne Mendes, and in others
Jan, like Jan Alvres, and with his patronymic Anes, is said to be Joane Anes.
72 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

John means grace. Portugal had five kings of this name, all of them
famous, and the fifth illustrates the five corners. Poetically it is said Janus, and has

there have been more than three hundred saints of this name. Its diminutive is Joanico, or

Joanzinho; the ancients said Joarim or Janin. Proverbs. It is a João waiting in

God. Others. Jan Peres, what more do you want. If João wants me, his works will say so.
Water from St. John takes wine and oil, but does not give bread. Journey of João Gomes, it was the

horse, I see in the saddlebags. Who puts you in, João topete?

Jorze, or Jorge. It is an English name that came to Portugal with the patron saint.
from that nation, which Portugal also took as a protector, and still goes in triumph

your image on horseback in the Body of Christ procession. Adagio. Boys

killed Jorge Pires. Another. Jorge Dias made cleric. Georgius, ii.

Joseph, or José. It is one of the oldest names in the world, and more common in
Portugal. It means increase. The diminutive is Josezinho; out of admiration.

we say, Jesus, Mary, Joseph! This name belongs to the prince Our Lord.

Júlio is not one of the most used names, being Roman, and of Caesar. Julius, ii.

Julian, when they named this saint, the ancients said S. Gião. This name
had the parish, and maintains the fortress of the Lisbon bar, with the name of
Tower of S. Gião, although it is also said, S. Julião da Barra. When it is said
the emperor Julian, and not Julian. Julianus, i.

MOST COMMON WOMEN'S NAMES

Jacintha, feminine form of Jacintho.

Jerónima, feminine of Jerónimo.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 73

Inácia, or Ignácia, the feminine form of Ignácio. Poetically Isménia, diminutive.

Inacinha.

Inês, more used than Ignês. Thus the Spaniards changed the first letter of
Latin name Agnes, from Agnus, lamb. Poetically Nise, and Nisida.
little Inez.

Joanna, feminine form of João, but who already sees herself as one of the holy women,
who followed Christ; grace meaning; in the diminutive it is Joaninha, or
Joanica; poetically Aónia, which is its anagram, and epithet of the muses. And
In this sense, there is a saying, by Onia Antónia, give me the gun; in Santarém.
they are called Onias the gardens, and it is commonly said that this name derived

deOmnia, because they had everything, for in Latin it means all things.
The name Joanna is also found in poets explained by that of Julia.

Joaquina, the feminine form of Joaquim, became more common with it. Joachina
they write a lot; but change the pronunciation.

Josefa, feminine of Joseph. Poetically Izifile, diminutive Josefinha, in

Castilian Pepa, like that of Joseph, Pepe, but in a showy manner.

Iria, Vid. Eria, although Iria is more suitable for Irene.

Isabel, corruptly Zabel; it is more commonly used in the diminutive Isabelinha.

wrongly Zabelinha, which the Spaniards say Belisa, and speaking of
princesses, it is poetically said, Izabela, and in the same poetry there are four

anagrams, which are Belisa, Lésbia, Isbela, Elibela. The name Elisabetha means
God of the oath.
74 PORTUGUESE LEXICOGRAPHY

Juliana, the feminine form of Julião, refers to a species of little fish called julianas.

RAREST NAMES FOR MEN

Jacobo is used when referring to King Jacobo, or some strange name, and Jacob.
or Jacob, which meant footprint, when naming the patriarch, or any Hebrew.

Ildefonso, or Illefonço, in Latin Illefonsus, which means, he is a source.

Inhigo is an ancient Castilian name, held by some kings of Aragon and Navarre; it has
In Spain, the patronymic Iñigues. In Latin, Enecus.

Inofre, which is used, and not Onofre. Adage. Already Sant-Inofre.

Innocent, Innocentius, Innocent, and to fit into hexameter verse, or

pentameter, Innocuous.

Job, which is sometimes pronounced Jó, means 'sorrowful'. It can be found in Portuguese in

some ancient family. Job, or Jobus, bi.

Jordan, in Hebrew or Chaldean, means 'flow of judgment.' It is the name.

of a saint, who is said to have been the bishop of Évora. It has some use in the provinces; and is

patronymic in morgado.

Isidore, different from Isidris, because they are two different saints, one an archbishop.
from Seville, and another farmer from Madrid.

Juniper, Juniperus, is the Latin name of the plant that we call juniper.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 75

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

Innocence, feminine of Innocent.

Isidora, feminine of Isidore.

Iva, feminine form of Ivo.

There are three holy martyrs of this name. In Lisbon, one of them has a
old parish. This name was used more.

NAMES OF ANCIENT MEN

January, there are many gentlemen of this name. It was also a nickname.

Joan is a separated name or a diminutive; See John.

Idacio.Iquilino.Justin.

Ancient names of women

Idácia.Iquilina.Justina.

Jordoa, feminine of Jordão. It used to be more commonly used in the past, and in second
name.

NAMES OF MEN USED

76 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Lazarus, in Chaldean or Hebrew, means help from God. It is done a

Lazarus, or he is called a leper, says to those who have sores and leprosy, for being
we will dedicate to this saint the hospitals or almshouses of this illness; and each house pays

from Lisbon a real, which will be called real of St. Lazarus, being placed on the doors a

red signal, in which it is seen if the tax has been satisfied.

Leandro, the name of the holy bishop of Seville, friend of Saint Gregory the Great, does not...
is very used. It is also the name of Ero's fabulous lover. Leander, dri.

Leonard, saint confessor in Aquitaine. The significance of this name explained.

to a student his master suddenly in this way: If you were virtue Leo, if
Nardus with fragrance,/ You Lion,/ You Nardus,/ You Leonard will be. It is not one of the names most

commons.

Lopo, or Lope, which is more Castilian, formerly Lobo, from which it is made.
patronymic nickname Lopes to the Lobos family. Proverbs of the Wolf. See themselves in

Vocabulary this name, and in Lopo referring to Lopo Barriga, terror of

Moors in Africa: The launch of Lopo Barriga gives you in the belly. This name is
most used in the nobility. Wolf, i.

Lourenço, pronounced Lorenço, corruptly Loirenço, diminutive

Lourencinho, poetically Lauro, Lauso, Lereno. It is also widely used in
nobility of Lourenceanes. Laurentius, tii.

Lucas means resurrection. It was used in nobility. This name is found in

woman. Dona Lucas Róis was the abbess of Arouca, from the family of Besteiros.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 77

Luís, corruptly Lois. In Portugal it is very common, and in France almost.

successive in fifteen reis of this name, diminutive Luisinho, or Luisico,
poetically Lício, Licidas, Licanoro, Lisislante. Luís is the same as Clovis,
you Clovis, the first Christian king of France, and thus from Clovis it was said Louis,

like Clothario Lothario, and comes Luís de Wich, which means in German
excellent man of the people, or from the word tudescaKonig, or from the Saxon word

Cyning, which means king; so Clovis would mean the king Louis, or Louis
king, although the French do not count the kings of this name, except from Louis the
Pius.Ludovicus, or Lodoix, or Aloysius.

MOST VULGAR WOMEN'S NAMES

Leonarda, the feminine form of Leonardo, not very common.

Leonor, ou Lianor, ou Leanor, as it is received in all these ways by usage. It is

Spanish name, and it seems to derive from León. It is very common in Portugal.
and they say that happiness is for beauty. The diminutive is Lionorinha, poetically

Leonida.

Lourença, or Lorença, the feminine form of Lourenço.

Luísa, feminine form of Luís, a very common name, the diminutive is Luisinha,
poetically Lise, Lisis, Licida, Lídia.

Luzia means 'one who has light,' and for this reason, she is the patron saint of eyes.
Poetically Lucinda. Proverbs. The day of Saint Lucia wanes the night, and grows the

dia.Outro.O que não faz no dia de Santa Luzia, faz-se ao outro dia.
Maliciously it is said that the pages, and the ladies are devoted to Saint Lucy,
78 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

because like gluttons, they always have their eyes on the plate. They are called eyes of

Santa Luzia's sweets made of burned sugar and soft eggs, which have this shape.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Lanzarote is derived from the French Lancelot or Lancilot. João Paulo Lancelot was
famous jurist, there was also a Lancelot, king of Naples. Henry
Lancilot, a religious man of Saint Augustine, wrote against the heretics of France.

Lancelotus, i.

Lion, this name had some use in nobility, and more of its compounds, and it was
common to eleven pontiffs, and six emperors, corruptly Lyon. Leo, of.

Leinel was used in some noble families.

Leonis was also used by the nobility, and about D. Leonis Pereira, Camões said,
More than what Leonidas did in Greece / The noble Leonis did in Malacca.

Leopoldo is a German name, and it belongs to a famous emperor and a saint.

Archduke of Austria, ancestors of our princes.

Loosely. See. Eloy, this saint is called Loyos. The Blue Canons, founded by
S. Lourenço Justiniano, who in Portugal, where they only remain justly.
estimation, they are also called St. John the Evangelist.

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

Laura, que se usa em Castela; em Portugal se acha pouco fora da poesia.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 79

["Lauriana","Leocádia","Ludovina","Leandra"]

LutgardaouLuidgarda, wife of Charlemagne, was German and a friend of the

good lyrics.
Leocadia. The name of Saint Leocadia is very famous in Spain, and her
the cult extends to many parts of France and Italy. This saint was native
from Toledo, and suffered martyrdom in the year 304, by order of Dacian,
Governor of Spain Tarragon, reigning Diocletian.

Ancient Male Names

Laim, an old Castilian name.

Ligel, a name that came from Flanders to Portugal.

Lisuarte, a name that lasted in some noble families, and in books of

Cavalry.

Ancient Women's Names.

Lansarota, feminine form of Lansarote.

She-Wolf, the female form of Wolf, or of Lopo, and we find Dona Loba Gomes, long before.
to have the illustrious surname of Wolf.

Luca, feminine of Lucas.

Light, which seems to have been the first use, was named Luzia.
80 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

MOST COMMON MALE NAMES

Manoel, not Manuel. The name Manoel, which was given to JESUS, means God.
with us, and there are also some saints of this name, and it had in Portugal a
great king. It is a nickname of noble families, derived from Infante D. Manoel,
son of S. Fernando, third king of Castile, who took him, and introduced more
in Spain, by his ancestor, Emperor Manuel of Constantinople. The
diminutive is Manoelzinho, a name that took the people of Évora into a tumult,
what was the first origin of the restoration of Portugal. It is often abbreviated
this name, when the nickname begins with a vowel letter; and in other cases, that
use teaches, saying Manel: poetically it is said, Manlis, Márcio, Mário.
Adages. It is Manoel d'Alfama, so to speak, he is a maritime man, because they live

many in that sprawling neighborhood of Eastern Lisbon. Emmanuel, is.

Marcos means excellent. Gloss. Arabic. When followed by a vowel, often

It is pronounced, Marco, which is a Roman name, and Marca, like Marc-Antony.

It is called the Bull of St. Mark a party, and a superstitious ceremony, that does not

should be tolerated. See volume 8 of the Vocabulary, in the word Bull, Bull of S.
Marcos. Marcus, yes.

Marçal, significant military, warrior, and the one who was born in the month of March.
Martial. Also, some holy martyrs have the name of Martial.

Martinho is used, especially when there is no Dom, and it follows.

vowel, like Martim Afonso; however, when the name is said without a nickname, it is just

Martin, or the saint, has the nickname, and the patronymic Martins; poetically,
Márcio. Adages. A little for Saint Martin. Another. Saint Martin drinks.
Come together at St. Martin the Pope. Another. St. Martin's Day, whoever doesn't have
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NOUNS 81

pig, kill the husband. Vulgarly it is said to a butcher, Marra Martinho.

Another adage. Every pig gets its St. Martin. Martinus, i.

Mattheus is a name taken from the Hebrew Matthan, which means Lord, and
Matthew comes to be the same as in Latin Donatus, although Anathas
Antioqueno book 8 of his Hexameron interprets (I do not know with what

foundation) the name of Matthew, sent by the Most High. Alapid. Adage.
Alms Matthew, alms for your own. It is also written as Mateus and Mateos.
Matthew, i.

Mathias means Gift of the Lord. Adage. They do not change every day, like
of St. Matthias: referring to the intercalary days of February on the 24th and 25th in a leap year.

Maurício, it is not very common. Mauritius, ii.

Mauro is little used. See Amaro. Maurus, i.

Maximus is a Roman name, meaning very great, and about him Ovid says.
qui tanti mensuram nominis imples.Em Portugal não é muito comum.
Maximus, i.

Melchior, See. Belchior.

Miguel, Michael, Hebrew name, means, Who is like God? His

the diminutive is Miguelzinho; has a nickname, and patronymic Miguéis. Adage. S.
Miguel of the grapes. Miguel, Miguel, you don't have bees, and you sell honey?

MOST COMMON FEMALE NAMES

82 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Maria; allow the excellence of this name to alter the order of the alphabet, so that
even so, prefer everyone; it means exalted, or a sea of bitterness. There is more

women of this name, who together with all others, by devotion to Our
Lady. Poetically Amarillis, Márcia, Marica; sometimes it is already used in
Portugal as a second name for a man, also being a foreign surname.
Its diminutives are Maricas, Mariquinhas, Mariquita, Maricota. Proverbs.
But there are more Marias on earth. Another. They no longer call me Maria. Hail Mary.

calls the hour of twilight of the night, in which one plays to pray three Hail Marys.

In other places outside Lisbon, they are called Trindades. Maricão refers to a man.
effeminate. Adage. God gave it to Maria on the threshing floor, Maria lost it in the barn.

wise, Maria puffed up, Maria the fool.

Marianna is a compound name of Maria and Anna, which means exalted in

grace. Our Lady Queen Dona Marianna of Austria plays the
virtues of this name.

Mary Magdalene. See. Madalena.

Madalena, or Magdalena, signifies a great one, and (as I pointed out in others)
the nickname of this saint became a separate name, which at other times is together.

Her name is Maria Magdalena, corrupt, Madanela; poetically Matilde.

Adagios. To make Madalenas, to say, to cry a lot. Another. Next year you will be.
through Madalena.

Margarida, corrupt Margaida, in Latin margarita, which is pearl, flower.

Poetically Marfiza.

Mauricia, the feminine form of Mauricio; it is rarely used as a first name.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 83

Mayor, in the past it was said Mor, it is more used in nobility.

Marta, or Martha, lady. Adages. Die Martha, die full. Sings well.
Martha after being fed up. Here goes how much Martha endured.

Mecía, a Castilian name, or Mencia, which some understand to be the same,

that in the past it was said Melécia; and others that in Portugal derive from S.
Mâncio apostle of Évora. It is a more common name in the nobility.

Máxima, feminino de Máximo. Pouco usado.

Micaela, feminine form of Miguel. Not very common.

Monica, mother of Saint Augustine.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Macarius means blessed in Greek. The rustic by St. Macarius.

they say Magayo.

Mamede. It is not common, although in Lisbon and other parts it has this saint.
many temples. Mametes, is.

Manrique. As a surname, it also became a name, derived from Henrique. It is more

used in Castile, which in Portugal; and it was only in some noble families.
Antigamente se dizia Malrique este apelido.

Manços, which should be Mêncio, one of the disciples of Christ. It is more commonly used in the
provinces.
84 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Medardo, name of a bishop of Soissons in France. Medardus, i.

Mendo, in the past it was said Mem, a patronymic of Mendes. Menendus, i.

Most Common Women's Names

Marcella, Marcellina, Marinha, Martinha. All are feminine forms of these.

names. In Latin Marina, and Martina.

Melania, holy religious woman, in Jerusalem.

Ancient Male Names

Manfredo, there was a king of Naples by this name.

Marinho, or Marim, gave the patronymic of the Marinho family, to which the
the manuscript of Count D. Pedro gives the fabulous origin of a sea woman.
This name is confused with Martinho's, as seen in the first two.
sea pontiffs.

Mário, little used in Portugal.

Note. See. Mendo.

Boy, it was a proper name for a man, even though it seems like a nickname for age.
same reason, because it is found in Latin in the year seven hundred, Senior Teluspor

Old body, and for the same reason I could tell you Young Viegas, however finds...
without this use.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 85

Moninho, ouMonio, fez o antigo patronímicoMoninhos, depoisMonizes, e

Munhizes, corruptly Menhozes. D. Moninho was the illegitimate son of the king.
D. Fernando the Great, called Emperor, and also Moninho is a name
ancient of woman.

Ancient women's names

Mafalda, an ancient name among princesses of Spain.

Marquess was originally a proper name, and later a title of dignity.

Mêndol appears to be the feminine form of Mendo, the wife of Trastamiro Alboacar.

Melicia, which some suppose to be different from Micia, see in this name.

Mília can be the same as Emília. See Emília.

Dead. Life. Mayor.

Munia Dona was the name of a queen of León.

MOST COMMON MALE NAMES

Nicolao, or Niculao. In Greek it means victorious, or victor of the people.

Corruptly Nicola. Little used in the nobility.

Noutel, they say it is the same as Eleutherius, the name of a pope, and of many others.
bishops. It is not much used in the nobility, it is also called Noitel.
86 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Nuno, Nuño in Castilian. Patronymic surname Nunes. It also changes the

termination, when followed by the surname Alvres. Be an example as of everything
where it joins, as the Romans used to do, the first name, the name, the surname, and the

Agnome, D. Nuno Alvares Pereira. Nonius, ii.

MOST KNOWN WOMEN'S NAMES

Natália, feminine of Christmas, which devotion took from the day of birth of
Christ our Lord, called Christmas, with a name separated from the others

births of the same sort that the Spaniards call Natividad, and the
French Christmas. It is not very used.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Narcissus, Roman name, or Narciso. There are many saints by this name.
i.

Nectarios, from this name, there is a bishop of Constantinople. The place, which the
The French call it Seneterre, it is called Castrum in Latin.
Saint Nectarios.

RAREST FEMALE NAME

Narcisa, feminine of Narciso.

Ancient names of men

Nadal was the same as Christmas.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 87

Nichigsisoy. There was Count D. Nichigsisoy, son of Saint Senhorinha of

Rude.

Old Women's Names

Nadália, daughter of Nadal, is the same as Natália.

Nuna, feminine of Nuno.

MOST COMMON NAME FOR MEN

Onofre, Vid. Inofre.

MOST COMMON WOMAN'S NAME

Olaya. Thus transformed the use of the name Eulália, saint of Lusitania, and not
It was common in the nobility, and it is of a pleasant tree. The old name of a woman.
Oh Olalha, and if you consider yourself that way, Countess Dona Olalha Pires, who made S. Felices of

Maya. In Barcelona Santa Eulália, virgin, and martyr.

RARE MALE NAMES

Othon, or Otão. Roman name. St. Otho, martyr in Morocco, and Otho.
Emperor of Germany. S. Othon, Bishop of Bamberg.

Heard, name, that corrupted the devotion to Saint Ovid, calling him
Saint Listening to invoke for the similarity of the name for the complaints of

ears.Ovidius, ii.
88 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

NAMES OF ANCIENT MEN

Oddo, or Oddão, seems to be the same as Otho, with which we pronounce the
Emperor Othon.

Odório, which seems the same as Oderico. Odorius, ii.

Ordonho, also known as Ordunho and Ortunho; there were three kings of León.
from this name, which in Castile has the patronymic Ordonhes.

Ozório, a patronymic nickname Ozorios, which were also called Ozoros, and
Ozoiros. Count D. Ozoyro, or Ozório, was born in Cabreira, and from Ribeira
came to populate Portugal, from whom they descend, and took the surname Ozório
the marquises of Astorga, the counts of Altamira, and the marquises of Cerralvo.

Old Women's Names

Orlanda, feminine of Orlando, which is not found, except Roldão. Lady Orlanda
Tratamires, daughter of Infante D. Alboazar Ramires, granddaughter of King D. Ramiro II

of Leão, and of Dona Ortiga. See Ortiga.

Nettle, spicy herb, and a woman's proper name, see below.

Ouruana, a famous name in ancient ladies, in its poets, and in Amadis

from Gaula. Dona Ouruana Peres, wife of Ruy Gomes.

Ouzenda, orOzenda.

NAMES OF MEN
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 89

Pantaleon, Greek name. Since this saint is the patron of Porto, it is in that
most common district, and in some noble families corruptly, but already
with use in your favor Pantalião. Pantaleon, onis.

Pascal. Although it is the name of a saint, and this pope; it was already used earlier.
derived from Easter, like from Christmas Natalia. It is not very used.

Paulino is not one of the most common names. There are bishops and a martyr by that name.

Paulo, corruptamente se diz Pallo, ePalossignificaboca da trombeta. Adágio.

He is poor, like João Paulim, which can also be an abbreviation of Paulino; in
castilianPablos.Paulus, i.

Peter, ePêro, in Latin Petrus, which means Rock, You are Peter, and on this
Petram. Diminutives of Pedro, Pedrico, Pedrinho, and Perico; when followed
the letter A is pronounced as O changed to A, or to E. For instead of Pedro
Alvaresse says Pedralves, and instead of Pedro Anes, Pedreanes. The name Pêro is

less used than before, and often it is said Pêro Gonçalves, for S.
Pedro, who is the famous Saint Elmo of the navigators. The patronymics of Pedro.

sãoPeres, or Pires, that have been preserved in some noble families. In

Portugal had two kings of this name, and one in Castile. Proverbs. Where does it come from?

Pedro or speak Galician? Much goes from Pedro to Pedro. But there are more Pedrianes in the land.

Maria married Pedro, a troubled marriage. Pedro with bad ways. Not even a young man.

Pedro. He is also Pedro, like your master. Poetically Pierio, and Polemio.

Phelippe. See. Felipe.

VULGAR NAMES OF WOMEN

90 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Easter, the feminine of Paschal.

Paulina, female form of Paulino.

Paula, the feminine form of Paulo, poetically Pórcia.

Poland, which some confuse with Apollonia, is a different name, and the same
or from a kingdom in Europe. Adage. My comrade Poland.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Patrick, an Irish name, means man of the same homeland, or according to the
Patritius, illustrious Roman.

Payo, or Pelayo, this second one is rarely used in Portuguese, but when it is
name the king, restorer of Spain, he is called D. Pelayo. The saint usually
to be named Saint Payo, which is the title of many churches in the provinces, and some
places, of which one is the solar of the noble family of San-Payo. Pelagius, ii. There are two.

Pelagius martyrs, and a bishop.

Placid means peaceful. There is Saint Placid, a monk, and another Placid, a martyr.

Polycarp, a Greek name, meaning many chapels of flowers. There are three saints.
of this name.

Prosperous means happy.

RAREST NAMES OF WOMEN

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 91

Pascoela, diminutive of Easter, referring to the Dominica in albis, which comes eight
days after Easter; and in Portuguese it is called Pascoela Sunday. Adage.
Easter, and Pascoela in March, or hunger, or dying.

Pelagia, feminine of Pelagius. There are saints with this name.

Petronilha is a feminine name, derived from Pedro, and the name of a saint who is his daughter.
saint, to whom Christ gave the name, as the cornerstone of the Church.
Petronilla, of the family.

Perpetua. Saint Perpetua was a disciple of Saint Peter. There is another saint of this.
name.

Names of Ancient Men

Pascásio, very commonly refers to a simple man, who is very

Pascasio, or rather says many Paschalities.

Pontius, being a Roman name, fell out of use due to the hatred for Pontius Pilate.

Potâmio, there is a saint by this name, and an ancient archbishop of Lisbon, who was
Arrian

Protisilao is a Greek name that had some usage in Portugal.

KNOWN NAME
Quintino.
92 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

WOMAN'S NAME

Quitéria, which is corruptly called Guitéria.

RARE AND ANTIQUE NAMES

Quintiano, there was a bishop from Évora by this name at the Iliberitan council, and of
Other bishops can see their names in the catalogs of the Royal Academy.

Quadrato.Quintillo, etc.

MEN'S NAMES

Rafael, or Raphael, means medicine of God.

Raimundo, which some mistakenly say Reimundo. This name, which is not
very used, has undergone many changes, because it was said in the past
Ramom, Raymondo, and Reymondo, and then Raimão, which lasted in families.
nobles, making a name separate, were used in patronymics.

Reymão, Vid. Raymundo. It is not a separate name.

Ricardo. It is an English name, less used in Portugal, as some said.

Richarte. There is a saint Richard, king of England. Richard, i.

Rodrigo, a Gothic name, which means powerful, warrior. In many cases

it is said Ruy, Rois, Ruis, but whenever it is mentioned without a surname, or with Dom,

It's said Rodrigo; and not always is it said Ruy, when it’s without Dom, but it's more

common, especially in many noble families, who maintain the

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 93

old abbreviation. In the name of Cid, one sees an example, because either it is said O Cid,

Ruy Dias, or Dom Rodrigo de Bivar. The last king of the Goths was the first,
that among them was Dom, King Dom Rodrigo. The patronymics Rodrigues, and
They followed this name and its abbreviation, and continued as
nicknames in some noble families, and they were, and are from other common ones. The

the diminutive is Rodriguinho, and as a Portuguese adage, and in Castilian it is called

to the squire, who accompanies, Rodrigão. Rodericus, i.

Roberto is a French name and not commonly used in Portugal. Robertus, i.

Roque. It's a well-known name of a French saint. Adage. There is no king, nor Roque;
It derives from these two chess pieces. Roque da Serra, friend. Rochus, i.

Romão, in Portuguese this name remained as it is, and changed, as I mentioned in the
the name of the Roman people, calling themselves Roman. However, as it
maintained the devotion to St. Roman, who is said to have flourished in Portugal, also

this name remained, which is not one of the most common. Romanus.

MOST KNOWN WOMEN'S NAMES

Rosa, diminutive Rosinha, or Rosina, which in some nations is a name

separated. Poetically Rosaura, and Rosalinda. Rose, ae.

Rosalia, or OuRoçalia. In Spanish, it is said Rosolea, and it is not widely used.

Rita, begins to be used through devotion.

RAREST MALE NAMES

94 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Ramiro was more common in the past, especially in Castile, and there was
three kings of León, and many infants, and illustrious people; means in Gothic
well-advised prince; and there it is a patronymic surname, which was introduced in

Portugal;Ramires, corruptly Ramiles.

Rodolfo was the name of an emperor of Germany. Rodulphus, i.

Romuald, the name of a saint abbot from Ravenna.

Resendo, formerly Rauzendo, more commonly used as a middle name.

Rufino, there are many saints of this name, some bishops, others martyrs.

RARE WOMEN'S NAMES

Rafaela, feminine of Rafael.

Regina. This name is one of those of the queen of Portugal, Dona Marianna.
from Austria, Our Lady, who was born on the day of Saint with a happy omen
Regina, which means queen, on September 7, 1683. St. Regina is venerated.
in Autumn of France, as a virgin, and martyr.

Rosenda, feminine form of Rosendo.

Rosina, Vid. Rosa.

Rufina, feminine of Rufino.

Ancient Names of Men

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 95

Ramom. Vid. Raymundo.

Randulfo seems to be formed from Ranulph of martyr in Arras. D. Randulfo

Soleima, who tangled with D. Axa, and gave rise to the Randufe family, which
they took this patronymic as a nickname.

Rauzendo. See. Rosendo.

Remigius, bishop of Reims in France.

Recessuindo was the name of a Gothic king, also called Recessund.

Rogeiro, or Rogero, name of one of the Twelve Peers, and of kings of Sicily, and it is
nickname.

Rollim, which also became a nickname, and this name may come from Raulindinus.

Rufo, a Roman name, and there are saints with this name.

Ancient Women's Names

Rich.

Rocha, feminine form of Roque, means rock, which also tells you Roca, and the name
deRocha is a different nickname from Roxas.

Savior, which seems to be written in Latin as Salvator, and thus means

the same as Jesus; in the past there were nicknames for Saviors.
96 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Sancho means one who establishes and approves; diminutive Sanchinho.

Portugal had two kings of this name, and four in Castile. Sanches is a surname.
patronymic, and improperly they are called the howlers Sancho. Sancha, name
ancient woman in Spain. Sancius.

Santiago, a name that is used only with this example, canonizing itself with the
epithet of the saint, for not saying Jago, as can be seen in the name Diogo, and
Jacobo. The name Santiago is also a nickname.

Santos took devotion this name of all the saints together, which the
French people explain more, because your name says Toutsaincts, which means
All Saints.

Sebastião, commonly known as Bastião, meaning worthy of worship. It is the name

Of unhappy and valiant king of Portugal, who was lost in Africa in one thousand and

five hundred and seventy-eight; and those who waited were called sebastianists
that still he would be restored, miraculously preserving life, for what
they explained, and they explain several prophecies. Sebastianus, i.

Silvério, there is not much use, and so I introduced this and other names below.
from the class of used, not by common, but by known, and in all I do
warning. Silverius, ii.
Silvestre, meaning forest, is more commonly used among rural men.

Simon, in the past it was said Simom, has the patronymic and the nickname Simoens, and
has been used in nobility. This name changed Christ to St. Peter, and it seems that

I wanted to show that it should not have the name, which meant obedient, to whom
He should have the right to rule over the church, being the first.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 97

Simeon means listener, attentive.

MOST COMMON WOMEN'S NAMES

Sancha, the feminine form of Sancho; could have been introduced into the ancient names; however
A new holy infant of Portugal must renew it. Adage. She is a Lady.
Sancha, covered in gold and silver.

Sebastiana, the feminine form of Sebastião; it is commonly used as Bastiana.

Senhorinha is the name of a Portuguese saint, which was also more commonly used.
formerly, but it still has some use, mainly as a second name.

Serafina has more use than Serafino; and if it was taken by devotion to the seraphim,
like Angela, Archangel, and others.

Simoa, feminine of Simon.

Susanna, signifying, rose, and joy; and it seems that these are pleasant.
properties gave you the privilege of being almost the only name in the Testament
Old, which is more common in Portugal, less so in the nobility.

RAREST MEN'S NAMES

Serafino means burning.

98 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Severino, has the patronymic nickname Severim. There are many saints with this name.
Severino.

Sisto, Vid. Xysto.

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

Sabina is the name of a martyr saint, and of virgin saints, and martyrs. It is also.
name of an herb with many virtues, and of the nation, that first competed with
Rome. Sabina, ae.

Savior, more used in Castile.

Severina, feminine form of Severim.

Silvestra, feminine form of Silvestre, used among rustic women.

OLD NAMES OF MEN

Solomon, that is, peaceful. Adage. He is a Solomon, so to speak, he is wise. Solomon,

In Córdoba, there is a cult of Saint Solomon the Martyr, and in Genoa, there is Saint Solomon.
bishop.

Scipio. Adage. He is brave like a Scipio, referring to the African. Scipio, onis.

Sesinando, or Sisnando, the name of an ancient count of Coimbra, and also

from a bishop of Porto. In Córdoba, Saint Sisenando martyrs.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NOUNS 99

Sueiro, or Suer, or Soeiro; has the patronymic surnames of Soares, and of

Soeiras, and it is also a nickname.

Ancient Women's Names

Salomè, feminine of Solomon, which has not been corrupted in Portuguese, nor in
Castilian, like that name, which changed from Salomè ema. It means
peaceful, perfect, and it was only used as a second name, because it was what Salomé had.
to whom they give the name of Maria.

Sesinanda, feminine form of Sesinando.

Sun, a name found in Dona Sol and Dona Luz in the ancient history of Castile.
and these, and other names I included among the Portuguese, because they were then the

the same as the two nations. Dona Sol was the daughter of Cid Ruy Dias.

MEN'S NAMES

Theodoro, or Teodoro, corruptly Teadoro, is a Greek name, meaning

of God, and is little used. Theodorus, i.

Theodosius, or Theodosius, corruptly Teodósio. It was the name of two

Serene Dukes of Bragança, and of a princely heir to the kingdom of
Portugal, son of King John the Fourth, and adorned with all virtues, and
sciences.
100 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARIES

Theotónio, or Theotónio, commonly known as Theotoino, corruptly as Teatónio.

Timothy means 'who honors God.'

Thomás, or Tomás, in Portuguese makes a different name from Thomé, as soon

I would say, being the same in Latin; it means division. Those who follow Thomas are called...

they follow the theological school of Doctor Angelic Saint Thomas. Adage. Well the

pray Frei Thomás, he says well, and does badly.

Thomé, or Tomé, means abyss and division. The ancient Castilians said
Saint Thomas, as seen in the ancient song: Bring the Moor without faith,/ To the
tomb of Saint Thomas. But in Portuguese, the name remains separated, becoming
Castilian to join with that of Thomas. Adage. St. Thomas's Day, whoever does not
there is a pig, kill the woman. To see, and to believe, like St. Thomas. In India, he is called St.

I took a gold coin of 1500 réis.

Tristan is the French name Tristan, which Monsieur de la Roque mentions in his treatise.
origin of the names, wants to derive from sad, like other names, and
nicknames that originated from the passions of the soul, or from the perfections or defects

of the body. In Portugal, it was also a surname, and it is rarely used outside of some

noble families.

Most Used Women's Names

Tereza, which some write less properly as Tareza, when this name
with the devotion of the saint changed, as it was Latin from Tarasia to Teresia;

In the past, it was said Tareja, and the saying is harsh. My daughter Tareja, how much she sees,

so much desired. The name of Tiresias was famous in the fables of the Greeks. The

The diminutive is Teresinha. Teresia, alright.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 101

Teodora, or Theodora, corruptly Teadora, feminine of Theodoro, not

very common. Theodora, ae.

Thomásia, feminine form of Thomás, not widely used.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Tadeo, or Thaddeus, who praises and confesses to God. This name was derived from
second of St. Jude Thaddeus, whom the church also invokes by hatred
from the first name, which discredited the false apostle Judas Thaddeus, i.

Telmoso is used in St. Telmo, with which St. Peter Gonçalves is invoked.

Theophilus, or Theophilo, friend of God. It is a Greek name. From this name there is
many saints, some martyrs, others bishops. Theophilus, i.

Torcato, or Torquato, a Roman name that means 'he who brings a necklace.'
insignia of nobility. There is a Saint Torquatus, bishop and martyr. Torquatus, i.

Toríbio is the most used name on the borders of Portugal and Galicia. They are called

terrible crystal accounts, which come from India; it could be that it was the name of
first, for thus he carved the crystal for the same reason, for which it is called
Bastiães the worked silver, and ancient gold, or that which imitates it, for it is the name of

a father and a son, who worked on it more exquisitely.

Troilo is a Greek name, and Trojans.

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

102 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Theodocia, corruptly Teadocia.

Thoríbia is the feminine form of Theodósio, and Thoríbio.

Ancient Names of Men

Tledon, which was also used as a patronymic. Lord Tledon with Lord
Rausendo, or Rosendo, conquered the banks of the Távora River.

Tello, or Tel, which means man, who brings a spear, to the earth, with the difference
two two LL, because it is Latin thrust, dart, etc. it is earth.
patronymic nickname, which has remained very closely associated with Menezes,

Sylvas, and other noble families.

Thyrso, or Tirso, means entwined branches. When speaking of the saint, it is said
Saint Thyrsus, as I have already warned.

Theodomir was the name of a Suebi king of Braga.

Trastamiro, who also had the patronymic Trastamiros. Trastamiro

Alboazar, son of Prince D. Alboazar Ramires, and grandson of King D. Ramiro. It is
used today only in the nickname Ramires in Portugal and Spain.

Ancient names of women

Key.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 103

Todafoi is a name of old ladies, like Dona Toda Palevin.

NAMES OF MEN

Vasco is a proper name in Portuguese, although it seems to come from Gascony.

called Vascónia. This name was greatly illustrated by Dom Vasco da Gama, the first

discoverer of India, and count of Vidigueira, and in nobility, in which he is more

common, had many distinguished men; Vasques, and Vas were their nicknames
patronymics, which are still preserved.

Valentine, which is derived from the name Valens, as from Valentinian, and they gave
the name of many lands in the world, which have the name of Valença, or Valencia,
and from the family of this name of Valença, and also of Valente.

Valerio is a Roman name, and there are many saints named Valerio.

Ventura is used in both masculine and feminine, more than Boaventura, of which ...
derive.

Verissimo means very true, and it is the name of a saint martyr from Lisbon.
Verissimus, i.

Vicente, the winner. Gave name to the famous Cape of St. Vincent, formerly known as
Sacred Promontory. Because the body of this saint, which is in Lisbon, arrived there.

Adágio.É como o burro de Vicente, que cada feira vale menos. Houve moeda,
call S. Vincent. Vincentius, ii.

Vidal, significant, that has life, is not very used. There are many martyrs.
of this name.
104 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Urban means courteous, even benign. It's not very common. There was the church eight

pontiffs of this name.

MOST COMMON WOMEN'S NAMES

Venturan is not used very much, but women also take it, and it's not just

male; and these are not called Boaventura.

Vicência, feminine form of Vicente.

Vilante, as it is pronounced, although many write it as Violante. Others

they say Solante, taking it from French. In Castilian, it is always Violante; this
name is derived from the violet flower.

Victory, the diminutive is Vitorinha. Victoria, hey.

Ursula, these names are said poetically as Urania. Ursula, ae.

RAREST MALE NAMES

Victor, or Vítor, means winner. It is used more for applause than as

name, which is very continued in the ducal lineage of Savoy, king of Sardinia;
However, all the following names that had some use in Portugal are yours.
composed.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 105

Vitória,Vitorino,Vitoriano, ouVitorião, que teve santo deste nome.

There is also a Saint Victoria, and many Saint Victors.

RAREST WOMEN'S NAMES

Valentina, feminine of Valentino.

Valéria, feminine of Valerio.

Verónica, called daVerónica Pinto, a Portuguese woman, who in the court of

Mogor greatly favored your nation. This name they want to be the same as
Berenice. See Veronica, in volume 8 of the Vocabulary.

Veríssima, feminine of Veríssimo.

Vitorina, this name has a precious composition, brown, and gold. See.
Vitorina, volume 8 of the Vocabulary.

Ancient Names of Men

Vella, from which the nickname Velles and Varellas was formed. There was the count D. Vella.
de Guevara, lord of Onhate.

Velasco, who formed in Castile the surname of Velascos.

Veloso, which is the same as hairy, and made the nickname Velosos.

Vermui, Vid. Bermudo.

106 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Ufo, which had the patronymic Ufes.

Ancient Women's Names

Velasquida, feminine, or diminutive of Velasco, or Vasco.

Ufo, which is also found in the feminine form, and it seems that this name was derived from it.
vulgar, and an old proverb says that it lives on Ufa, which has nothing to support itself,

for showing the little that used to be enough to live without luxury; also
It is said with vulgar exclamation, Phew there there.

Victoriana, feminine of Victoriano.

Urraca, an ancient name of queens, and several princesses of Spain.

Uvilgeforte, which also had the name Liberata.

Xavier, this name forms, as I noted, from the illustrious family of St. Francis.
Xavier, or of Xavier, which is corruptly said as Xaviel, and it seems that he wanted

to show the devotion that took the second name separate from this holy apostle
from our India so as not to be confused with the other St. Francis Xavier.

Xysto, which was used more Systo, with examples of both in Latin. Xystus,
i.

ANCIENT NAME OF MAN

Ximeno, who made the nickname Ximenes. See below.

 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 107

OLD WOMEN'S NAMES

Xarifa, an Arabic name that is also used, taken from Spanish, to say
that something is polite; and in the poems and novels of the Moors of Spain
it was very common.

Ximena, the name of the famous woman of El Cid, Lady Ximena Gomes.

Yofre. Vid. Inofre, and Gofredo.

Zacaria signifies the memory of the lord.

Zuzarte, or Juzarte is a name that became a nickname.

Old Woman's Name

Zaida, which they say was the same name as Isabel, and for that reason they kept it.
some converted mouras, and it means lady; and thus this name, as the
in the masculine form is also widely used in poems and novels of
Moors.

VERY RARE NAMES OF EMPERORS, KINGS,

PRINCES AND KNIGHTS

Adolf, Emperor of Germany.

Andronicus, emperor of Constantinople.
Atepomaro, king of a part of Gaul during the time of the Romans.
Allobrox, king of the ancient Gauls.
108 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy.

Athanagild, king of the Visigoths in Italy.
Ataulpho, brother-in-law of Alaric, king of the Goths.
Alaric, king of the Goths.
Athanaric, judge of the Goths, but also king.
Aulrão, ancient king of Brittany in France.
Alano, ancient king of Britain.
Atheas, king of the Scythians.
Armamithres, ancient king of Assyria.
Acracanes, ancient king of Assyria.
Alla, or Elli, king of Sussex in England.
Anna, king of Estangle, in England.
Adelstan, King of England.
Alfred, king of England.
Arvirago, king of England.
Azan, king of Bulgaria.
Atavasdes, king of the Medes.
Attila, king of the Huns.
Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia.
Ariobarzanes, another king of Cappadocia.
Arsaces, king of Armenia.

Augustine, king of Scotland.

Aidan, king of Scotland.
Aba, ouOvon, king of Hungary.
Anhalt, German prince, in Lower Saxony.
AlboazarRamires, or Alboazar.
Almerique, Viscount of Narbonne.
AlmodarBranco, count.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 109

Anaya, Lord Anaya, who was called Trastamo.

Artal, Lord Artal de Luna.
Abalâncio, lieutenant of the emperor of Constantinople in Italy.
Andronicus Turnices, also lieutenant of the emperor, etc.
Argyro, lieutenant of the emperor, etc.
Apochara, lieutenant of the emperor in Italy after the expulsion of the Goths.
Ascadians, king of Assyria.

Beloco, ancient king of Assyria.

Balatores, ancient king of Assyria.
Bela, king of Hungary.
Britherico.
Borzivog, King of Bohemia.
Boson, former king of Burgundy.
Budic, king of Brittany in France.
Berengar, Duke of Friuli in Italy.
Baldwin, Count of Flanders.
Barsácio, lieutenant of the emperor of Germany in Italy.
Belechides, one of the judges of Castile.

Clodion, king of France.

Clovis, King of the Franks.
Clotaire, king of France.
Childeric, king of the Franks.
Childebert, king of France.
Conrad, emperor.
Caroctaco, king of Scotland.
Corbrado, king of Scotland.
Coatilino, king of Scotland.
110 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Congallo, king of Scotland.

Cratlinio, king of Scotland.
Calveiro, lieutenant of the emperor of Constantinople, in Italy.
Curcuas, lieutenant of the emperor of Constantinople, etc.
Curiaco, lieutenant of the emperor of Constantinople, etc.
Calomano, king of Hungary.
Cargmalo, king of Estangle, in England.
Cnut, king of England.
Cruda, king of Murcia, in England.

Dagoberto, king of France.

Dornadilho, king of Scotland.
Dongardo, King of Scotland.
Duff, king of Scotland.

Ercomberto, king of Kent, in England.

Ethalvachio, king of Sussex in England.
Eudo, Count of Aquitaine.
Erchemino, king of Essex, in England.
Edalrico, king of Northumberland, in England.
Edalfrido, king of Uvestsex in England.
Ethelred, king of England.
Edmund, King of England.
Edwin, king of England.
Evenio, king of Scotland.
Ethodo, king of Scotland.
Edgardo, King of Scotland.
Eder, king of Scotland.
Egbert, king of the west Saxons of England.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 111

Edmund, Duke of York, Count of Cambridge.

Faramundo, the first king of France, and a pagan.

Fergo, king of Scotland.
Ferthano, king of Scotland
Fincormaco, King of Scotland.
Fercardo, king of Scotland.
Finano, king of Scotland.
From, brother of the King of England, elected lord of Biscay by those people,
And from him descend the Lords of Biscay.
Fulco, Count of Anjou.

Gandesilo.
Gundicairo. Gunderico, Gundebaldo, Godomaro, ancient kings of
Burgundy.
Grime, king of Scotland.
Galaón, ancient king of Brittany, in France.
Gciza, king of Hungary.
Goydo, Dom Goydo Araldes, brother of Dom Gozendo, or Gonzendo, Araldes.
Gulherme, Guilhermo, Guilhelmo, Guilheama, a name very commonly used in
several princes, and illustrious houses, and not common in Portugal.

Guilhem Ramon de Moncada.

Hugh Capet, King of France.

Hoel, king of Brittany, in France.
Hiarno, king of Denmark.
Hengist, king of Kent, in England.
Hirmerico, king of Kent, in England.
Harold, king of England.
112 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Indulpho, king of Scotland.

Josarmo, king of Assyria.
Imogalapto, lieutenant of the emperor of Constantinople, in Italy.
JoannicioCundidato, also lieutenant of the emperor, etc.
Idas, king of Northumbria, in England.
Ingelger, Count of Anjou.
Josino, king of Scotland.

Kinetel, king of Scotland.

Kenredo, king of Mercia, in England.

Lugraco, king of Scotland.

Leopold, emperor.
Ladislaus, king of Hungary.
Laim, an old Spanish name. Laim balvo, and others, have the patronymic of
Laines.
Ligel, Lord Ligel, of Frandes, or Flanders.
Lahosthenes, king of Assyria.

Marduk, king of Babylon.

Marcolmo, king of Scotland.
Malduino, another king of Scotland.
Mamytho, king of Assyria.
Maximilian, Emperor of Germany.
Macrotheodore, lieutenant of the emperor, in Italy.
Mauragato, king of León, illegitimate son of Afonso I, also king of León.
Mabrix, lieutenant of the Emperor of Germany, in Italy.
Meroveus, king of France.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 113

ManhoGuterres was Castilian, and they called him by the surname, The one of the four

hands, for freeing the king his master, who was a prisoner of the king of Navarre,
killing two and capturing the other two who were taking him.
MourãoGonçalves Turrichão, a name that is found with this old surname, and
illustrate, and to D. Mourão Pires, son of Pedro Nunes Velho.
Mudarra, finds himself only in the illustrious Mudarra Gonçalves, D. Mauregato, brother of
King D. Aurelio, also king of León. He reigned for six years, brother of King D.
Fruela.

Northoloco, king of Scotland.

Ophracteo, king of Assyria.

Ocrasapes, another king of Assyria.
Ovom, ouAba, king of Hungary.
Oeyro. Dom Oeiro de Brito, his son had the patronymic of this name, and if
called Dom Sesnando Oeris, trunk of the ancient family of Brito.
OchoaTortun was the first lord of the cameiros, whose estate they possess today.

the counts of Aguilar, and it was given by King D. Henry II of Castile to

Lord João Ramires de Arelhano, Navarrese gentleman.
Ourigo, Dom Ourigo de Moura, whom the ancient book calls D. Rodrigo of
Évora.

Pyrtiades, king of Assyria.

PassaroProspatha, lieutenant of the emperor of Germany, in Italy.
Peda, king of Mercia in England.
Pepin, king of France.
Ponço, D. Ponço Afonso de Bayão. Dom Ponço of Tripol, etc.

Quichelme, king of Northumberland, in England.

114 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Rodolpho, emperor of Germany.

Rinevulpho, king of Northumberland, in England.
Romaco, king of Scotland.
Real. D. Real of the Hands, whom they treacherously killed by those from Sever.
Reginaldo, Count of Donmartim, in France, was the name of the Countess's father.
Mathilde of Bologne, the first wife of King Afonso I.
Reutho, king of Scotland.

Sigismund, King of Hungary.

Salvathio, King of Scotland.
Sathrael, king of Scotland.
SafarioCrites, lieutenant of the emperor of Germany, in Italy.
Symbetício Protospathario, lieutenant of the Emperor of Germany, in Italy.
Slada, king of Essex, in England.
Sexredo, king of Essex, in England.
Sarracinho. D. Sarracinho Osores, who lies in Carvoeiro.
Seniofredo, Count of Barcelona.
Sesnando. D. Sesnando, bishop of Porto, is perhaps the same as Sesinando.
Silo. Dom Silo, who reigned in Cantabria, married Dona Adolosinda, and
they had a son named Adelgesto, who founded the monastery of Santa
Maria de Orona. Conquered that king Lugo, Tui, Braga, and Viseu, Ledesma.
Salamanca, Zamora, etc.

Totila, king of the Goths.

Totamo, king of Assyria.
Titillo, king of Estangle, in England.
Tertullus, or Tertulf, Count of Anjou, in France.
Thrombo, lieutenant of the emperor of Germany, in Italy.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 115

TrapezioStratico, also a lieutenant of the emperor, etc.

Theodofredo, father of King D. Rodrigo, the last king of the Goths in Spain.
Trocozendo. Dom Trocozendo Guedes founded the monastery of S. Payo of
Sousa; he was from the Barreto family, and many others descend from him.

Wenceslaus, king of Bohemia.

Ussa, king of Estangle, in England.
Valentinian, the name of three emperors.
Wolfgang, son of Alberto Pio, Duke of Bavaria.
Vagusto, lieutenant to the emperor of Germany, in Italy.
Vibba, king of Mercia, in England.
Veja. O conde Dom Veja de Tamal.
Vel. Count Dom Vel Ponço.
Veloso. Lord Veloso, who was later nicknamed.
Vimarano, brother of King D. Fruela, killed by him.
Urgel. Mr. Urgel of Valladolid.

Woldemaro, name of several kings and princes of Denmark.

Ximen. D. Ximen de Urrea had Ximena; today this surname is still preserved, and
patronymic Ximenes. Ximeno Aznar, count of Aragon.
Xira, Lord Xira.

Ziemomislo, eZiemovito, sons of a duke of Mazovia, in Poland.

Zisca. João Zisca, famous captain of the Hussites.
Zenon, Count of Biscay.

Ancient and rare women's names

116 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Aldara, Dona Aldara, or Aldonça, was the wife of King D. Ramiro of León.
Aragunta, Dona Aragunta was married to Count Dom Echigui Goçoi.
Arcadia, daughter of Emperor Arcadius.
Andromache, daughter of Ecton, king of Thebes.
Chamoa, Dona Chamoa Gomes was married to Dom Rodrigo Frojas.
Eudoxia, wife of Emperor Arcadius.
Eulogia, sister of Emperor Michael Palaiologos.
Frolhe-anes. Mrs. Frolhe-anes, daughter of João Rodrigues de Briteiros, and wife
of D. Fernão Sanches.
Goda, Dona Goda, sister of Dona Gontinha. Dona Gontinha Soares daughter of
Lady Gontronde Soares, and Lord Sueiro Mendes, the Good, who delivered Spain.
of the feudal, which was to be paid to the Romans.

Gontronde. Countess Dona Gontronde Guterres. Gontronde Monis, sister

of Dona Tareja, wife of Count Dom Henrique of Portugal, was married to
Dom Gomes Echiguis.
Almaberga, wife of Hermenfroy, king of Thuringia.
Ortiga, Lady Ortiga, daughter of Zadão Zada, sister of Alboazar Albozadão,
the second wife of King D. Ramiro of León, who reigned for nineteen years,
died in 988. This Mrs. Ortiga, after being robbed by King D. Ramiro,
she was instructed in the faith, and baptized, and the name Ortiga meant at that time
(says the Nobility of Count D. Pedro de Barcelos) punished, taught,
purchase of all goods.
Clodosina, daughter of Queen Ingonda, was married to Albion, the first king of
Lombards, in Italy.
Petronilha, wife of Raymundo, king of Aragon.
Peurona, Lady Peurona, daughter of Dom Ramiro, king of Aragon, and wife of
Count of Barcelona, Dom Ramon Berenguer, and mother-in-law of King D. Sancho I.
Portugal.
Leonguida. Dona Leonguida, daughter of D. Gonçalo Trastamires da Maya.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 117

Mília. Mrs. Mília Anzores, daughter of Count D. Pedro Anzores de Laton, perhaps
it is an abbreviation, or corruption of Emilia, a Roman name, and now used in Italy.

Pulcheria, sister of Emperor Theodosius the Younger.

Radegund, queen of France.
Teutsinda, or Theodosinda, daughter of Rabot, duke of the Frisians.
Velasquida. Lady Velasquida, daughter of the king of Navarra, D. Sancho Garcia.

O grande número, e a pouca utilidade dos nomes esquisitos de homens, e

women in Portugal, and other nations, force an end to this kind of
news. But as I already warned in the introduction of this treatise, that in order to exhaust

this matter of names should mention some of those that are found
in Portuguese chivalric books, and in other novels, of those who took the
pastors of their eclogues, and of other ridiculous things, that have become adages; by
do not make more diffuse what is of less importance, I will only mention the main points,

that come to my memory, both of women and of men.

NAMES OF KNIGHT-ERRANTS, AND OTHER BOOKS

Amadis of Gaul.
Amadis of Greece.
Arideo, good wise man.
Alquife, wise Moor.
Aliatar, brave warrior.
Abencerrage, which is said by valiant men, especially when it
they take into custody.

NAMES OF LADIES

Angelica.
118 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Alfeniz, title of the novel by Barclayo.

Altividora.
On the high ground.
Aldara, moura.
Auristela.
In the art.
Aminta.
Alcidonia.

KNIGHTS

Dom Belianis of Greece.

DomBelindo, famous name, manuscript, composed by an illustrious lady
discrete.
Belifloro, your competitor.
Beliandro, emperor of Constantinople.
Bradamão, champion, giant.
Brutamonte, gypsy.

WOMEN

Belerma.
Bradamante, lady.
Beliandra, empress.
KNIGHTS

Clarimundo. This name is what the famous João de Barros gave to a book, which
composed, to exercise the style of your elegant decades of Asia.
Calepino.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 119

Celeuro.

LADIES

Claridiana, lady of the knight of Phoebus.

Clorinda.
Clarinda.
Celinda, moura.
Celindara, sorceress.

KNIGHTS

Lord Duardos and Little Lords Duardinhos of Brittany.

Durandarte.

LADIES

Dorinda.
Dorcínia, good wise one.
Dulcinea del Toboso, lady of Don Quixote.

KNIGHTS

Esplandião.
Enil.
No.
120 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

KNIGHTS

Florizelde Niquea.
Florimor.
Freshman, but wise.
Febo.
The knight of Phoebus.

WOMEN

Florindacontante.
Lily flower.
Floralva.
FléridaFalerina, wise and lover.
Falsirena.

KNIGHTS

DomGaiferos.
DomGalás.
Chalice.
Galindo, Moor.
Gazul, Moor.
Guarinos.
Guido.

LADIES

Gracelinda.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 121

Gridónia, my wise one.

KNIGHT

Hidaspes.

KNIGHT

Indatirso.

KNIGHT

Lord have mercy on Montalvão.

KNIGHTS

DomLizuartede Greece.
Leonido.
Lissidante.
Lucifer
Lucindo.
Lidoro.

WOMEN

Liridónia, lady of Dom Belindo.

Lucinda.
122 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Lindaura.
Lindabridis.

KNIGHTS

Mauro.
Mambrino, famous for the helmet.
Merlin, the famous magician, from whom the adage came: Knows more than Merlin.
Medoro, beloved of Angelica.
Montesinos.

LADIES
Marfira

KNIGHTS

Orlando Furioso, and boyfriend.

Oliveiros.
LADIES

Olympus
Ouruana, orOriana.

KNIGHTS

Palmeirim in England.
Olive in Palmeirim.
Don Quixote of La Mancha, who with his discreet madness unravels so many
imaginary knights.
 Vocabulary of Proper Nouns 123

KNIGHTS

Rodamonte.
Roldão.
Rogeiro.
Rocicler. This name of the companion of the knight of Phoebus is given by poets.
pink Spaniards, who show the dawn in the sky, and modernly it
they call them earrings with pendants, or trembling flowers, and with stones
precious, that women use in their headdresses.

LADIES

Rosalinda.
Rosaura.

KNIGHTS

Sacripante.
Sacrideo.
Sidónio.
Sancho Panza, squire of Don Quixote.

KNIGHTS

Dom Tristão Delcónio.

Tizafernogigante, and another bad wise man.

Valdevinos.
Urganda, wise.
124 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

NAMES OF PASTORS AND PASTORAS

Agricultural. Felis.
At least. Galatea.
Alicuz, fisherman. Glaucus.
Aónia. Júlio.
Armida. Irifilé.
Stone. Leandro.
Belisa. Lesbian.
Bieito. Lédia.
Clicio. Lesbia.
Ciparizo. Lereno.
Chloris. Leôncio.
Coridon. People.
Damon. Lucid.
Dorindo. Melibeo.
Délio. Montano.
Dórismarítima. Mirteo.
Délia. Nemorozo.
Dorisbe. Narcissa.
Duriano. Palemon.
Dorinda. Polidoro.
Egle. Rosinda.
Here. Satyr.
Estela. Willow.
Frondélio. Serene Fisherman.
Lush. Silvio.
File number. Sílvia.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 125

Silvano. Umbrano.
Timbreo. Zephyr
Tityro.

RIDICULOUS NAMES THAT FORMED SAYINGS AND STORIES

VULGAR

Amaro da Lagem, Vid. Amaro, and the others, which are proper names, in their
titles.
Balala, name of a famous dwarf from the palace.
Cerejo. It is São Cerejo, derived from the Castilian São Ciruelo, and when one promises
something that will not be fulfilled is said to be on the day of St. Cherry.
Count Andeiro, in hatred of the count of Ourém, João Fernandes Andeiro, the

intimidates the boys, saying that this count walks at night.

Cider of love, the vulgar history of the three ciders of love.

Carochinha, a childish tale of the marriage of Carochinha and João Ratão.

Count of the Cricket, name of a simpleton, or crazy person, whom they persuaded.

servants that had already dined, to eat what was left in the house.
Gargantua, name, with which he intimidates the boys, and which was derived from
famous story of Rabelais, a French physician, of strange erudition.
Marmanjo, meaning it, is called a man of quality the Marmanjo-
mor.
Peralvilho, a lightweight man, and worthy of disdain.
Simple, for saying.
Panasço, the name of a famous chocarreiro, of whom it is said: Has grace like
a Panasço.
126 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

NAMES OF ITALIAN COMEDIANS

Harlequin. Captain Bombardon.

Scaramouche, the DoctorBulwark, Ratullo
or Doctor Graciano. Cucurucú.
Punchinello. Talhacantoni.
Baggy pants. Captain Malagamba.
CaptainSpetza Iron. CaptainMaramao.
Captain Spetza Monti. Scapino.
Bargain. CaptainZerbino.
Pasquariello. Captain Bellavita.
Franca Trippa. Coviello.
Trick. Fritellino.
Captain Balbeo. Gian Fritello.
Gianfarina Mestrolino.

NAMES OF FRENCH COMEDIANS

Crispim.
Gilotim.
Gandolim.
Gratelard, or The Lord.
Gratelard.
Jodelet.
Guillot Gorjú.
Gille.
Give me a dragon.

DameGigonhe.
The good man Goglú.
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 127

PROPER NAMES USED BY PORTUGUESE PEOPLE IN BRAZIL

Thereza, Tete.
Brizida, Bibi.
Maria, Catute, or Macota.
Catharina, Catita.
Leonor, Nono.
Ursula, Yeyu.
Manoel, Mandú.
Francisca, Girl.
 Index of names

Aba, 108, 113 Alaya, 34

Abalâncio, 109 Alberto, 2, 37, 115
Abencerrage, 117 Alboazar, 88, 102, 108, 116
Abidance, 23 Alcidonia, 118
Abraham, 30, 33, 41 Alda, 5, 43
April 5, 43 Aldara, 43, 116, 118
Abrízida, 46 Aldonça, 5, 34, 40, 55, 116
Abundant, 43 Aleixo, 38
Achilles, 41, 42 Alexander, 38
Acracanes, 108 Alexandre, 15, 29, 34, 38
Adam, 30, 33, 42 Alexo, 38
Adelstan, 108 Alfeniz, 118
Adeosinda, 5 Alfeo, 37
Adolfo, 107 Alfonso, 37
Adriano, 37 Alfredo, 108
Adrião, 30, 37 Aliatar, 117
Afonso, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 21 Alicuz, 124
22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 37, 39, 63, 67, 80, All, 108
112, 113, 114 Allobrox, 107
Agamemnon, 31 Almaberga, 116
Agathon, 43 At least, 124
Agathon, 43 Almerique, 108
Agostinha, 40 Almodar, 108
Augustine, 37, 40, 78, 83 Alonso, 35, 37
Agrarian, 124 Alquife, 117
Águeda, 10, 32, 40 Altividora, 118
Ahufes, 6, 14, 43 Altivinda, 118
Ahufo, 6, 14, 43 Álvares, 27, 28
Aidão, 108 Alvarinho, 38
Aidulfo, 5 Álvaro, 27, 34, 35, 38, 67, 68
Aimerico, 43 Amadeo, 42
Alano, 108 Amadis, 26, 88, 117
Alarico, 108 Amador, 42
130 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Amando, 42 António, 1, 2, 9, 11, 18, 29, 32, 34, 35, 39

Amaryllis, 82 41, 47, 80
Bitter, 34, 38, 81, 125 Antunes, 39
Amaro da Lagem, 125 Aónia, 73, 124
Amato, 42 Aparício, 6
Ambrosia, 40 Apochara, 109
Ambrose, 2, 22, 39 Apollinário, 42
Américo, 43 Apollonia, 41, 90
Aminta, 118 Aprígio, 5
Analdo, 43 Achilles, 42
Anarda, 26, 41 Aragunta, 5, 22, 44, 116
Anastásia, 40 Arcadia, 116
Anaya, 109 Arcângela, 35, 97
Andeiro, 125 Arculana, 70
André, 1, 29, 39, 40 Argyro, 109
Andreza, 35, 40 Ariarathe, 108
Andromache, 116 Arideo, 117
Andronicus, 107, 109 Ariobarzanes, 108
Anfrisa, 41 Harlequin, 126
Anfriso, 39 Armathemes, 108
Angela, 40, 97 Armero, 23
Angélica, 41, 117, 122 Armida, 124
Ângelo, 42 Arnaldo, 43
Anhalt, 108 Arsaces, 108
Anica, 41 At the art studio, 118

Aniceto, 42 Artal, 109

Anícia, 41 Artur, 29, 39
Anna, 6, 16, 26, 32, 35, 41, 82, 108 Arthur, 5
Annes, 6, 7, 16, 21 Arvirago, 108
Annica, 41 Ascatades, 109
Anrique, 55, 68 Ascend, 42
Anselmo, 2, 42 Ataulpho, 108
Answer, 43 Atavasdes, 108
Answers, 43 Atepomaro, 107
Antandra, 41 Athalarico, 108
Then, 30, 39 Athanagilde, 108
Antoino, 39 Athanarico, 108
Antom, 30, 39 Atheas, 108
Antónia, 41, 73 Athenodoro, 2
Antonica, 41 Attila, 108
Antonico, 39 Augusiano, 108
Antonina, 41 Augustinho, 37
Antoninha, 41 Aulrão, 108
Antoninho, 39 Aurelia, 42
Antonino, 2 Aureliana, 42
Aurélio, 34, 39
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 131

Auristela, 118 Benedita, 47

Ausenda, 23 Benedito, 44, 47
Cars, 42 Benta, 46
Aymerico, 6 Bento, 2, 10, 44, 46
Ayres, 6, 8, 29, 35, 40 Beraldo, 45
Aza, 44 Berardo, 45
Azan, 108 Berengária, 48
Bagattino, 126 Berengar, 109
Balala, 125 Berengueira, 8, 48
Balatores, 109 Berenguela, 8
Balbeo, 126 Berenguella, 8, 48
Baldwin, 109 Berenguer, 8, 116
Balthazar, 29, 33, 44 Berenice, 105
Balthazar, 44 Eggplant, 48
Baluardo, 126 Bermudo, 8, 23, 34, 47, 67, 105
Bamba, 47 Bermum, 8
Baptista, 44 Bernabé, 45
Barbara, 45 Bernaldes, 45
Bárbora, 45 Bernaldim, 44, 47
Barnabé, 45 Bernaldo, 45, 47, 64
Barsáció, 109 Bernarda, 46
Bartholameu, 45 Bernardim, 44
Bartholomew, 45 Bernardina, 47
Bartholomew, 29, 45 Bernardino, 2, 44, 47, 62
Brasília, 13 Bernardo, 9, 18, 20, 44, 45, 46, 47, 64
Basílio, 34 Berta, 48
Bastiana, 97 Bertholameo, 48
Bastian, 96 Bertholameu, 45
Rock, 124 Bertinalda, 24, 48
Bautista, 27, 44 Bértola, 48
Beatriz, 7, 46 Betaça, 8
Bela, 109 Bibi, 127
Belarda, 46 Bieito, 124
Belchior, 44, 81 Boaventura, 46, 103, 104
Belechides, 109 Bolhom, 47
Belerma, 118 Good man, 47
Beliandra, 118 Bonbardon, 126
Beliandro, 118 Boniface, 47
Belianis, 118 Bonifácio, 47
Belifloro, 118 Borzivogo, 109
Belindo, 118, 121 Boson, 109
Belisa, 26, 73, 124 Bradamante, 118
Belisarda, 46 Bradamão, 118
Bellavita, 126 White, 7, 28, 46
Beloco, 109 Brás, 29, 32
Beltrão, 47 Brásia, 35
132 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Braz, 26, 45, 46 Celindara, 119

Brazia, 46 Cerejo, 125
Brigida, 46 Chama, 53, 80, 82
Brigita, 46 Chamoa, 116
Briolanja, 35, 46 Cherubina, 52
Brites, 7, 30, 46 Cherubino, 50, 52
Britherico, 109 Girl, 127
Brits, 7 Childe, 53
Brizida, 127 Childebert, 23, 109
Brízida, 46 Childeric, 109
Brutamonte, 118 Chilperico, 23
Budic, 109 Chindasuindo, 23
Bulhão, 47 Christina, 50
Bulhões, 47 Christóvão, 30, 49
Bulhom, 35 Chrotilde, 23
Caetana, 49 Chrysostom, 2, 48
Caetano, 48, 49 Cicero, 31
Calepino, 26, 118 Cid, 10, 51, 93, 99, 107
Callisto, 50 Cide, 8, 10, 51
Calomano, 110 Cíntia, 50
Calros, 48 Ciparizo, 124
Calveiro, 110 Clara, 3, 35, 50
Camilia, 52 Clarícia, 50
Camilla, 52 Claridiana, 119
Camillo, 52 Clarimundo, 118
Candida, 52 Clarinda, 50, 119
Candido, 52 Cláudia, 52
Canuto, 110 Cláudio, 34, 51, 52
Cargmalo, 110 Clemency, 52
Carlos, 2, 7, 23, 29, 34, 48, 71, 79 Clemente, 49, 52
Carochinha, 125 Clicio, 124
Caroctaco, 109 Clímaco, 51
Casimiro, 2, 52 Clodion, 109
Crown, 63 Clodomiro, 23
Castinaldo, 23 Clodosina, 116
Catharina, 32, 35, 50, 127 Clodoveo, 77, 109
Catherina, 50 Clorinda, 50, 119
Catita, 127 Chloris, 124
Little cat, 50 Clótario, 23, 109
Catute, 127 Clotilde, 23
Cava, 24 Coatilino, 109
Cazimira, 52 Comba, 35, 52
Celerina, 23 Conde do Grilo, 125
Celestino, 2 Congallo, 110
Celeuro, 119 Conrado, 16, 109
Celinda, 119 Constança, 52
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 133

Constância, 52 Dionysio, 34, 53

Constantine, 2, 34, 49, 52, 58 Domingas, 12, 30, 54
Corbrado, 109 Sundays, 2, 8, 12, 16, 29, 54
Coridon, 124 Domingues, 6, 12, 54
Cornélio, 51 Donaciano, 2
Cosme, 49 Dongardo, 110
Coviello, 126 Dorcínia, 119
Cratlinio, 110 Dórdia, 9, 55
Crispim, 29, 49, 52, 126 Dorinda, 119, 124
Crispina, 52 Dorindo, 124
Crispiniano, 53 Dóris, 54, 124
Crispino, 49 Dorisbe, 124
Cristina, 50 Dornadilho, 110
Raw, 110 Dorothea, 54
Cucurucú, 126 Little Guardians, 54, 119
Curcuas, 110 Duardo, 54
Curiaco, 110 Duardos, 119
Custody, 52 Duarte, 2, 34, 54
Custodian, 51, 52 Duffo, 110
Cypriano, 49 Sweet, 9, 40, 55
Cyro, 2 Dúlcia, 9
Dagoberto, 23, 110 Dulcídio, 9
Damásia, 55 Dulcinea, 119
Dâmaso, 2 Dulcio, 9
Damázio, 54 Durandarte, 119
Dâmazo, 54 Durão, 9
Damiana, 55 Duriano, 124
Damião, 30, 53 Here, 124
Damon, 124 Edalfrido, 110
Daniel, 33, 44, 54 Edalrico, 110
Délia, 54, 124 Eder, 110
Délio, 54, 124 Edgardo, 110
Demétria, 55 Edmundo, 2, 3, 110, 111
Demetrius, 55 Eduarda, 10
Denis, 53 Eduardo, 54
Desidério, 55 Eduvino, 110
God gave her, 55 Egas, 5, 9, 11, 21, 23, 35, 58
God gave it to him, 55 Egberto, 110
Diana, 41 Egídio, 9, 12, 35, 58
Days, 8, 17, 19, 51, 54, 55, 72, 93, 99 Egle, 124
Dinamene, 54 Elduara, 58
Dinis, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 19, 27, 29, 34, 53, 65 Elena, 56, 69
Diodorus, 2 Eleonor, 17
Diogo, 1, 14, 16, 34, 54, 96 Eleutério, 34, 85
Dion, 31, 48 Eleuthério, 56
Dionysia, 55 Elias, 57
134 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Elibela, 73 Eudoxia, 116

Elisa, 56 Eufémia, 57
Elisabetha, 2, 73 Euphrazia, 56
Eliseu, 33, 57 Eugénia, 58
Elli, 108 Eugene, 57, 58
Hello, 10, 20, 58 Eulália, 34, 87
Elosinda, 24 Eulogia, 116
Eloy, 57, 78 Euphrasia, 56
Elvira, 10, 24, 56 Eusébia, 58
Emerenciana, 57 Eusébio, 57
Emília, 57, 85 Eva, 58
Emilians, 57 Evenio, 110
Emiliano, 2 Exam, 10
Emílios, 57 Eximina, 10
So, 119 Eymerio, 6
Enchegues, 58 Eyria, 56
Grace, 20, 56 Fabiana, 61
Enil, 119 Fabião, 61
Enrique, 55 Fábio, 60
Enxamea, 58 Facundo, 62
Eramea, 58 Fadrique, 11, 34, 59, 62
Erchemino, 110 Phaethon, 31
Ercomberto, 110 Fafes, 11, 21, 62
Eria, 56, 73 Fagundo, 62
Ermesenda, 58 Falsirena, 120
Ermesinda, 10 Faramundo, 111
Ermezenda, 24, 70 Farnando, 59
Ermígios, 58, 70 Faustina, 60
Ero, 58, 76 Faustino, 7, 61
Errique, 68 Favilla, 62
Scholasticism, 57 Febo, 61, 119, 120, 123
Hope, 56 Federico, 11, 34, 59, 61
Esplandião, 119 Felícia, 35
Estácio, 34, 42, 58 Feliciana, 60
Estanislao, 57 Feliciano, 2, 59, 60
Estefânia, 57, 58 Felício, 61
Estela, 124 Extremely happy, 61
Estevainha, 57, 58 Felipe, 89
Estevão, 1, 30, 32, 55, 57 Felippa, 60
Esteveannes, 55 Felippe, 59, 60
Estevens, 55 Felippinha, 60
Esteves, 55 Félis, 59
Ethalvachio, 110 Feliso, 59
Ethelulf, 110 Félix, 59
Ethodo, 110 Happy, 29
Eudo, 110 Feliza, 60
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 135

Felizardo, 60 Fritellino, 126

Fenizo, 60 Froila, 11, 63
Fercardo, 111 Froile, 62
Fergo, 111 Froilhe, 63
Fernan, 59 Frojas, 116
Fernandinho, 60 Frol, 62, 63
Fernando, 7, 35, 40, 59, 80, 85 Frolhe, 63, 116
Fernão, 60, 116 Frolhe-anes, 116
Ferthano, 111 From, 111
Fileno, 59, 60, 124 Frondélio, 124
Filida, 60 Frondoso, 124
Filippa, 60 Fructuoso, 2, 35, 60
Filippe, 59 Fruela, 11, 62, 63, 113, 115
Philis, 60, 124 Fruila, 62, 63
Finano, 111 Fuas, 11, 63
Fincormaco, 111 Fulco, 111
Flávia, 61 Gabriel, 29, 33, 63, 66
Flaviano, 61 Gabriela, 66
Flérida, 120 Gaiferos, 120
Lily flower, 120 Galaal, 34, 66
Flora, 62 Galloon, 111
Floralva, 120 Gallus, 66, 120
Florence, 62 Galatea, 124
Florêncio, 62 Galdim, 23, 66
Florentim, 62 Galindo, 120
Florentino, 62 Gandesilo, 111
Floriano, 61 Gandolim, 126
Florião, 61 Ganfey, 66
Florimor, 120 Garcia, 8, 11, 16, 22, 34, 48, 63, 117
Florinda, 24, 120 Gargantua, 125
Floriotão, 61 Gaspar, 63
Floristão, 35 Gastão, 13, 30, 34, 35, 63
Florizel, 120 Gastom, 63
Floro, 2 Gaudioso, 2
Brother, 53, 62 Gavino, 66
Fradique, 34, 59, 61, 62 Gazul, 120
Fradrique, 11 Gciza, 111
Franca Trippa, 126 Games, 13, 63, 64
Francisca, 18, 127 Geminiano, 2
Francisco, 1, 2, 5, 7, 18, 20, 27, 29, 35, 44 Gemma, 13
60, 106 Geneva, 68
Francisquinho, 60 Geni, 65
Franco, 60 Genovefa, 66
Frandilano, 23 Gentle, 67
Frederico, 11 Gerarda, 64
Frestom, 120 Gerardo, 34, 64, 65
136 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Gerónymo, 71 Grácia, 64
Gervásias, 65 Graciano, 126
Gervasio, 65 Gramatão, 65
Gian Fritello, 126 Gratelard, 126
Gianfarina, 126 Graviel, 63
Gigonhe, 126 Gregoira, 66
Gil, 9, 12, 29, 35, 55, 58, 63 Gregoiro, 64
Gila, 66 Gregória, 66
Gileanes, 64 Gregory, 64, 66, 76
Gileta, 66 Grail, 120
Gille, 126 Gridónia, 121
Gilote, 64 Grime, 111
Gilotim, 126 Grimeneza, 66
Geneva, 68 Grixiveira, 68
Gines, 65 Gualter, 65
Giral, 12 Guarinos, 120
Giraldo, 12, 34, 64, 65 Gueatano, 48
Gisela, 23 Gueda, 67, 68
Glaucus, 124 Guido, 14, 26, 66, 120
Goçoi, 67, 116 Guilheama, 111
God, 68, 116 Guilhelme, 12, 67
Godim, 67 William, 12, 111
Godinha, 67 Guilhem, 64, 111
Godinho, 67 Guilherme, 64
Godomaro, 111 Guilhermo, 111
Gofredo, 67, 107 Guillot Gorjú, 126
Gofrido, 67 Guimar, 12, 30, 35, 65
Goglú, 126 Guinichil, 67
Goma, 68 Guiomar, 12, 65
Gomar, 65 Guitéria, 92
Gombal, 67 Gulherme, 111
Gomes, 10, 13, 21, 29, 34, 43, 64, 68, 72, Gundebaldo, 111
79, 88, 107, 116 Gunderico, 111
Gonçaleanes, 64 Gundicairo, 111
Gonçalhoanes, 64 Gundimar, 67
Gonçalinho, 64 Gustios, 67
Gonçalo, 9, 18, 64, 116 Guterre, 67
Gontinha, 68, 116 Gutierre, 34, 67
Gontrode, 68 Hadrian, 2
Gontronde, 116 Heitor, 30, 68
Gonzendo, 111 Helena, 32, 56, 69
Goter, 67 Helias, 33, 57
Goydo, 111 Heliodoro, 2
Gozendo, 111 Hengist, 111
Gozoi, 67, 68 Hennígio, 14
Gracelinda, 120
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 137

Henrique, 11, 18, 22, 34, 50, 55, 62, 68 Illefonço, 74

78, 83, 113, 116 Imília, 57
Herculana, 70 Imogalapto, 112
Herculano, 70 Inácia, 73
Hermenegildo, 14, 70 Inacinha, 73
Hermenesenda, 58 Inácio, 71
Hermenezenda, 70 Inaco, 71
Hermengarda, 23, 71 Incense, 42
Hermias, 14 Indatirso, 121
Hermes, 10, 14, 58, 70 Indulpho, 112
Hermigo, 58 Inês, 73
Hermolao, 2 Inez, 2, 30, 32, 35
Herald, 111 Inezinha, 73
Heva, 58 Ingelger, 112
Hyacinth, 69 Ingrácia, 56
Hyacinth, 68 Ingunda, 24
Hiarno, 111 Inhigo, 34, 74
Hidaspes, 121 Inigo, 15
Hieronymus, 69 Innigo, 15
Hieronymus, 69, 71 Innocence, 75
Hilária, 70 Innocêncio, 74, 75
Hilario, 69 Innocent, 74
Hilário, 32, 69, 70 Inofre, 15, 74, 87, 107
Hildegarda, 23 Inophre, 15
Hiltrude, 23 Ipólyto, 69
Hippolyta, 70 Iquila, 16
Hippolyta, 69 Iquilano, 16
Hippolyto, 70 Iquilina, 75
Hippolyto, 69 Tenant, 16, 75
Hirmerico, 111 Irene, 56, 73
Hoel, 111 Iria, 56, 73
Honorato, 70 Irifilé, 124
Honório, 70 Isabel, 2, 8, 15, 26, 30, 73, 107
Hortulana, 3 Isabelinha, 73
Huffes, 6, 14 Isbela, 73
Huffo, 6, 14 Isidora, 75
Hugo, 70, 111 Isidore, 2, 74, 75
Humberto, 70 Isidro, 74
Idácia, 75 Isménia, 73
Idácio, 75 Iva, 75
Idas, 112 Ivo, 75
Ignácia, 73 Izabela, 73
Ignácio, 71, 73 Izifile, 73
Ignês, 73 Jacintha, 69, 72
Ildefonso, 74 Jacintho, 26, 68, 71, 72
Ilena, 56 Jacob, 74
138 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Jacob, 74 Josarmo, 112

Jacobo, 11, 14, 34, 54, 71, 74, 96 José, 72
Jacob, 14 Josefa, 73
Jácome, 34, 71 Josefinha, 73
Jago, 54, 71, 96 Joseph, 35, 72, 73
Jaime, 2, 14, 34, 63, 64, 71 Josezinho, 72
Jaimes, 14 Josino, 112
James, 14, 49 Julia, 73
Jan, 71 Juliana, 74
Janin, 72 Juliano, 2, 72
Jano, 72 Julian, 24, 72, 74
January, 43, 75 Júlio, 34, 72, 124
Jaques, 14, 71 Junípero, 74
Jemes, 34, 71 Justa, 75
Jerólimo, 71 Justina, 75
Jerónima, 69, 72 Justino, 75
Jerónymo, 1, 69, 71, 72 Juzarte, 107
Good, 74 Kenredo, 112
Joachim, 71 Kinetel, 112
Joachina, 73 Kyrie eleison, 121
Joam, 71 Ladislao, 112
Joane, 30, 71 Lahosthenes, 112
Joanica, 73 Laim, 79, 112
Joanico, 72 Lamberto, 2
Joanim, 75 Lanzarote, 16, 78
Ladybug, 73 Lanzarote, 79
Joanna, 18, 73 Lanzarote, 79
Joanne, 16, 71 Laura, 78
Joannicio, 112 Lauriana, 79
Joanzinho, 72 Lauro, 76
João, 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 16, 17, 18, 27, 28, 30, 32, Lauso, 76
35, 36, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 48, 51, 60, 71, Lázaro, 76
73, 75, 78, 89, 99, 113, 115, 116, 118, 125 Leandra, 79
John Ratão, 125 Leandro, 16, 58, 76, 124
Joaquim, 71, 73 Leanor, 17, 77
Joaquina, 73 Lion, 8, 22, 47, 62, 63, 67, 77, 78, 85, 88
Joarim, 72 94, 112, 113, 116
Job, 33, 74 Lédia, 124
Jodelet, 126 Leinel, 78
Jofre, 15, 67 Leocádia, 79
Johanna, 16 Leonarda, 77
Jordão, 74, 75 Leonardo, 76, 77
Jordoa, 75 Leôncio, 124
Jorge, 1, 12, 41, 72 Leonguida, 116
Jorje, 34 Leonida, 77, 78
Jorze, 72 Leonido, 121
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 139

Leonis, 78 Loy, 57, 78

Leonor, 8, 17, 30, 35, 77, 127 Luca, 79
Leopoldo, 78, 112 Lucas, 76, 79
Lereno, 76, 124 Lucifer, 121
Lesbia, 73, 124 Lucinda, 77, 121
Lesbos, 124 Lucindo, 121
Lianor, 17, 77 Ludovina, 79
Lion, 78 Lugraco, 112
Liberated, 20, 106 Luidgarda, 79
Licanoro, 77 Luís, 1, 7, 12, 26, 28, 30, 34, 35, 77
Licida, 77 Luísa, 77
Licidas, 77 Luisico, 77
Lícidas, 124 Luisinha, 77
Lício, 77 Luisinho, 77
Lidei, 124 Lutgarda, 79
Lídia, 77 Light, 11, 62, 79, 99
Lidoro, 121 Luzia, 77, 79
Ligel, 79, 112 Mabrix, 112
Lincolnh, 67 Macário, 18, 83
Lindabridis, 122 Macota, 127
Lindaura, 122 Macrotheodoro, 112
Lionel, 17 Madalena, 82
Lionis, 17 Madanela, 82
Lionor, 35 Mafalda, 18, 85
Lionorinha, 77 Magayo, 83
Liridonia, 121 Magdalena, 27, 35, 82
Lise, 77 Malagamba, 126
Lisis, 77 Malduino, 112
Lisislante, 77 Malrique, 83
Lissidante, 121 Mambrino, 122
Lisuarte, 79 Mamede, 83
Lizuarte, 35, 121 Mamytho, 112
Wolf, 79 Mâncio, 18, 83
Wolf, 33, 76, 79 Mancs, 83
Loirenço, 76 Mandu, 127
Lois, 77 Manel, 80
Longino, 2 Manfredo, 84
Lope, 76 Manho, 113
Lopo, 17, 76, 79 Manlis, 80
Lorença, 77 Manoel, 2, 8, 26, 29, 33, 35, 65, 80, 127
Lorenço, 76 Little Manoel, 80
Lothario, 23 Manrique, 83
Lourença, 77 Manuel, 29, 80
Lourenceanes, 76 Maramao, 126
Lourencinho, 76 Marçal, 30, 80
Lourenço, 36, 76, 77, 78 Marcella, 84
140 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Marcellina, 84 Medoro, 122

Marcellino, 2 Melchior, 44, 81
Márcia, 13, 82 Melecia, 83
Marcial, 43, 80 Melibeo, 124
Márcio, 80 Melicia, 85
Marcolmo, 112 Mem, 18, 84
Marcos, 80 Mência, 83
Mardokempado, 112 Mencius, 83
Marfira, 122 Mendo, 18, 19, 84, 85
Marfiza, 82 Mêndola, 85
Margaida, 82 Merlin, 122
Margarida, 35, 82 Meroveo, 23, 112
Maria, 4, 7, 27, 35, 50, 72, 82, 89, 99, 114, Mestrolino, 126
127 Micaela, 83
Marianna, 27, 32, 82, 94 Michael, 1, 81
Marica, 82 Miguel, 1, 33, 36, 81, 83, 116
Maricas, 82 Little Miguel, 81
Maricota, 82 Milia, 85, 117
Marim, 84 Mirteo, 124
Navy, 40, 84 Boy, 35, 84, 117
Marinho, 84 Mónica, 83
Mario, 80, 84 Moninho, 85
Mariquinhas, 82 Monio, 85
Ladybug, 82 Montano, 124
Marmanjo, 125 Montesinos, 122
Marqueza, 85 Mor, 19, 83, 85
Marta, 83 Mourão, 113
Martha, 83 Mudarra, 113
Martim, 13, 20, 27, 80 Mumadonna, 23
Martinha, 84 Munia Dona, 85
Martinho, 37, 68, 80, 84 Nadal, 86, 87
Mateos, 81 Nadália, 87
Mateus, 81 Narciso, 86
Mathias, 81 Narcissus, 86
Matilde, 82 Narciza, 86, 124
Matthew, 81 Narcizo, 86
Mauragato, 112 Christmas, 86, 89
Mauritius, 82 Natália, 86, 87, 89
Maurício, 81, 82 Nectar, 86
Mauro, 34, 81, 122 Nefrido, 23
Maximum, 83 Nemorozo, 124
Maximiliano, 112 Nero, 22, 31
Maximum, 22, 34, 81, 83 Nichigsisoy, 87
Mayor, 19, 30, 83, 85 Nicola, 85
Mecia, 18, 34, 83, 85 Nicolao, 85
Medardo, 84 Niculao, 2, 85
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NOUNS 141

Nise, 73 Ozório, 88
Nisida, 73 Ozoyro, 88
Noitel, 30, 85 Palémon, 124
Nono, 127 Ball, 89
Northoloco, 113 Palmeirim, 122
Noutel, 34, 56, 85 Panasço, 125
Nuna, 87 Wide pants, 126
Nuno, 2, 10, 19, 28, 35, 58, 86, 87 Pantaleão, 89
Ochoa, 113 Pantalião, 89
Ocrasapes, 113 Parino, 23
Octavian, 2 Pascásio, 91
Oddão, 88 Easter, 35, 89, 90, 91
Oddo, 88 Pascoal, 30, 89, 90
Oderico, 88 Pascoela, 35, 91
Odor, 19, 20 Pasquariello, 126
Odoário, 20 Bird, 113
Odório, 20, 88 Pateta, 125
Oeyro, 113 Patrick, 90
Olalha, 10, 20, 87 Paula, 90
Olaya, 87 Paulim, 89
Olimpa, 122 Paulina, 90
Oliveiros, 122 Paulino, 2, 89, 90
Onofre, 74, 87 Paulo, 3, 34, 78, 89, 90
Ontcamera, 20 Payo, 12, 21, 33, 34, 55, 90, 115
Ontcomero, 20 Pedal, 113
Ophracteo, 113 Stone, 6, 21
Ordonho, 5, 11, 22, 23, 34, 88 Pedrico, 89
Ordunho, 88 Pedrinho, 89
Oriana, 122 Pedro, 2, 5, 7, 19, 20, 21, 25, 29, 32, 35,
Orlanda, 88 58, 62, 65, 67, 84, 89, 91, 96, 101, 113,
Orlando, 88, 122 116, 117
Oroana, 58 Pelágia, 91
Orraca, 21, 22 Pelágio, 91
Stinging nettle, 88, 116 Pelayo, 34, 90
Ortuno, 88 Cucumber, 113
Otão, 87 Peralvilho, 125
Otho, 20, 87, 88 Peres, 12, 21, 72, 88, 89
Othon, 18, 20, 87, 88 Perico, 89
Ourigo, 113 But, 10, 21
Ouruana, 88, 122 Pero, 89
Ear, 87 Perpetual, 91
Ouzenda, 88 Petronilha, 91, 116
Ovid, 81, 87 Peurona, 116
Ovom, 113 Phelippe, 59, 89
Ovon, 108 Pierio, 89
Ozenda, 88 Pires, 5, 10, 21, 67, 72, 87, 89, 113
142 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Placid, 90 Reymão, 92
Polemio, 89 Reymondo, 92
Polichinello, 126 Rica, 95
Polidoro, 48, 124 Ricardo, 34, 48, 92
Poland, 44, 90, 115 Richarte, 92
Polycarpo, 90 Rilde, 27
Pontius, 91 Rinevulpho, 114
Ponço, 113, 115 Rita, 93
Pontâmio, 23 Roberto, 2, 34, 93
Pórtia, 90 Rock, 95
Potâmio, 91 Roçalia, 93
Prosperous, 2, 90 Rock, 95
Protisilao, 91 Recycler, 123
Pyrtiades, 113 Rodamonte, 123
Square, 92 Rodolfo, 94
Quichelme, 113 Rodolpho, 114
Quintiano, 92 Rodrigão, 93
Quintillo, 92 Rodrigo, 2, 15, 21, 25, 27, 34, 35, 51, 63,
Quintino, 32, 91 92, 113, 115, 116
Quitéria, 92 Rodrigues, 5, 12, 19, 27, 28, 33, 63, 93, 116
Quixote, 119, 122, 123 Rodriguinho, 93
Radegunda, 117 Rogeiro, 95, 123
Rafael, 29, 33, 92, 94 Rogero, 95
Rafaela, 94 Kings, 92
Ragonde, 126 Roldão, 88, 123
Raimão, 92 Rolim, 27, 67
Raimundo, 34, 92 Rollim, 95
Ramiro, 34, 88, 94, 102, 116 Romaco, 114
Ramom, 92, 95 Romão, 30, 93
Randulfo, 95 Romualdo, 94
Raphael, 92 Roque, 29, 93, 95, 100
Ratullo, 126 Rosa, 93, 94
Rausendo, 102 Rosalia, 93
Rauzendo, 94, 95 Rosalinda, 93, 123
Raymondo, 92 Rosaura, 93, 123
Raymundo, 92, 95, 116 Rosenda, 94
Real, 7, 25, 35, 50, 60, 92, 114 Rosendo, 94, 95, 102
Recessing, 95 Rosina, 93, 94
Rechimiro, 23 Rosinda, 124
Regina, 94 Rosinha, 93
Reginaldo, 114 Rotrude, 23
Reimão, 34 Ruffino, 2
Reimundo, 92 Rufina, 94
Remígio, 95 Rufino, 94
Resendo, 35, 94 Rufo, 95
Reutho, 114 Ruis, 92
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 143

Ruy, 8, 21, 51, 88, 92, 99 Silvestre, 96, 98

Sabina, 98 Sílvia, 124
Sacrideo, 123 Silvio, 124
Sacripante, 123 Simão, 30, 96, 97
Safari, 114 Simeon, 97
Solomon, 33, 98, 99 Simeon, 31, 97
Salicylic, 124 Simoa, 97
Salomè, 99 Simom, 30, 96
Salvador, 30, 95 Simplicity, 7
Salvadora, 98 Siseberto, 23
Salvathio, 114 Sisisclo, 23
Sancha, 96, 97 Sisnando, 98
Sanches, 5, 12, 15, 20, 21, 96, 116 Sisto, 98
Sanchinho, 96 Slada, 114
Sancho, 2, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 34, 40, 55 Soeiro, 99
96, 97, 116, 117, 123 Sun, 99
Santiago, 8, 14, 22, 36, 71, 96 Solante, 104
Santos, 16, 96 Solon, 31
Sarracinho, 114 Spetza Ferro, 126
Sathrael, 114 Spetza Monti, 126
Saturnino, 2 Stanislaus, 2, 57
Satyr, 124 Stevão, 55
Scapino, 126 Sueiro, 99, 116
Scaramouche, 126 Sure, 99
Scipio, 98 Susanna, 33, 97
Sebastiana, 97 Symbetício, 114
Sebastião, 96, 97 Symmaco, 2
Little lady, 14, 87, 97 Systo, 106
Seniofredo, 114 Tadeo, 101
Serafina, 97 Talhacantoni, 126
Serafino, 97 Tarasia, 100
Sereno, 124 Tareja, 10, 22, 35, 100, 116
At the end, 99 Tareza, 100
Excusing, 98, 99, 114 Teadora, 101
Sesnando, 113, 114 Teadoro, 99
I love you, 29, 98 Teadósia, 102
Severina, 98 Teadósio, 99
Severino, 98 Teatónio, 100
Severe, 2 Key, 102
Sexredo, 114 Tel, 102
Sidónio, 123 Tello, 20, 33, 102
Sigismund, 114 Telmo, 101
Silo, 114 Teodora, 101
Silvano, 125 Theodore, 99
Silvério, 96 Theodosius, 99
Silvestra, 98 Teóphilo, 101
144 PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY

Teotónio, 100 Tomás, 100

Terenciano, 2 I took, 100
Teresia, 100 Torcato, 101
Teresinha, 100 Toríbio, 101
Tereza, 10, 26, 34, 35, 100 Torquato, 101
Tertulfo, 114 Totamo, 114
Tertulliana, 26 Tótila, 114
Tertullus, 114 Trapezium, 115
Head, 127 Trastamiro, 85, 102
Teutsinda, 117 Trastullo, 126
Thaddeo, 101 Tristan, 21, 34, 35, 100, 123
Theodofredo, 115 Trocozendo, 115
Theodomiro, 102 Troilo, 22, 101
Theodora, 101 Thrombus, 114
Theodoro, 2, 99, 101 Truilo, 22
Theodosia, 102 Turilo, 22
Theodosius, 34, 99, 102, 117 Ufo, 106
Theodrada, 23 Ugo, 70
Theophilus, 101 Uldarico, 2
Theotoino, 100 Umbrano, 125
Theotónio, 100 Urania, 104
Thereza, 127 Urban, 104
Theodore, 23 Urganda, 123
Thomas, 2, 34 Urgel, 19, 67, 115
Thomás, 30, 100, 101 Urraca, 5, 6, 21, 22, 28, 44, 106
Thomásia, 101 Ursula, 104, 127
Thomé, 2, 29, 32, 34, 100 Usenda, 23
Thoríbia, 102 Ussa, 115
Thoríbio, 102 Uvilgeforte, 20, 106
Thuribio, 22 Uvitorico, 23
Thyrso, 102 Vagusto, 115
Tiatano, 48 Valdevinos, 123
Timbreo, 125 Valentine, 30, 103
Timothy, 100 Valentina, 105
Timothy, 100 Valentinian, 103, 115
Tionia, 41 Valentino, 105
Tionio, 39 Valéria, 105
Tirícia, 26 Valeriano, 2
Tirse, 26 Valério, 103, 105
Tirso, 32, 102 Vasco, 5, 26, 35, 103, 106
Titillo, 114 See, 115
Tityro, 125 Well, 105, 115
Tizaferno, 123 Velasco, 105, 106
Tledon, 102 Velasquida, 106, 117
Every, 23, 103 Vella, 105
Toitosendo, 23 Veloso, 105, 115
 VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES 145

Venceslao, 115 Woldemaro, 115

Ventura, 46, 103, 104 Xarifa, 107
Very true, 105 Xaviel, 106
Veríssimo, 103, 105 Xavier, 27, 30, 60, 106
Vermui, 47, 67, 105 Ximen, 115
Verónica, 105 Ximena, 22, 107, 115
Vibba, 115 Ximeno, 22, 106, 115
Vicência, 104 Ximenos, 22
Vicente, 32, 103, 104 Xysto, 98, 106
Victor, 104 Yeyu, 127
Vidal, 30, 103 Yofre, 107
Viegas, 10, 58, 84 Zabel, 73
Vilante, 104 Little Zabel, 73
Vimarano, 115 Zacarias, 107
Violante, 30, 34, 35, 104 Zaida, 107
Vítor, 104 Zaide, 107
Victory, 104, 105 Zenon, 31, 115
Vitoriana, 106 Zephyr, 125
Vitoriano, 105, 106 Doormat, 126
Vitorião, 105 Ziemomislo, 115
Vitorina, 105 Ziemovito, 115
Vitorinha, 104 Zisca, 115
Vitorino, 105 Zuzarte, 107
Wolfgang, 115
Rafael Bluteau (1638-1734) compiled a
first dictionary of proper names
Portuguese. The collection includes names
old and modern and includes comments
about the frequency of use, distinctions
regional and social preferences. The present
editing contributes to knowledge
of poorly documented names - such as
diminutives and popular variants - well
aspects of linguistic thought about
anthroponymy in the 18th century.