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Selected Key Equations Conversion Factors and Relationships: (Linearized Form)

1) This document provides conversion factors, equations, and relationships for many common units and concepts in chemistry. 2) Key equations include the ideal gas law, Arrhenius equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and more. 3) Conversion factors are given for units of length, temperature, energy, pressure, volume, and mass between metric and other systems.

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111 views

Selected Key Equations Conversion Factors and Relationships: (Linearized Form)

1) This document provides conversion factors, equations, and relationships for many common units and concepts in chemistry. 2) Key equations include the ideal gas law, Arrhenius equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and more. 3) Conversion factors are given for units of length, temperature, energy, pressure, volume, and mass between metric and other systems.

Uploaded by

iwannac0okie
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conversion Factors and Relationships

Density (1.6) Length


SI unit: meter (m) 1 m = 1.0936 yd 1 cm = 0.39370 in 1 in = 2.54 cm(exactly) 1 km = 0.62137 mi 1 mi = 5280 ft = 1.6093 km 1 A = 10-10 m m d = V

Selected Key Equations


De Broglie Relation (7.4)
h l = mn

Arrhenius Equation (13.5)


-Ea

Temperature
SI unit: kelvin (K) 0 K = -273.15 C = -459.67 F K = C + 273.15 (F - 32) C = 1.8 F = 1.8 (C) + 32

Energy (derived)
SI unit: joule (J) 1 J = 1 kg # m2>s2 = = = 1 cal = 1 eV =

Pressure (derived)
SI unit: pascal (Pa) 1 Pa = 1 N>m2 = 1 kg>(m # s2) 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 760 torr = 14.70 lb>in2 1 bar = 10 Pa 1 torr = 1 mmHg
5

Solution Dilution (4.4)


M1 V1 = M2 V2

Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle (7.4)


x * m v h 4p 1 J 2 n

k = A e RT Ea 1 ln k = - a b + ln A (linearized form) R T
-Ea

0.23901 cal 1C # V 9.4781 * 10-4 Btu 4.184 J 1.6022 * 10-19 J

Ideal Gas Law (5.4)


PV = nRT

k = p z e RT

(collision theory)

Daltons Law (5.6)


Ptotal = Pa + Pb + Pc +

Energy of Hydrogen Atom Levels (7.5)


En = -2.18 * 10
-18

Kc and Kp (14.4)
Kp = Kc(RT)n

(n = 1, 2, 3 )

Mole Fraction (5.6)


na xa = ntotal 1 q1 q2 4 pPo r

pH Scale (15.5)

Coulombs Law (9.2)


E =

pH = -log3H3O+4 3base4 3acid4

Volume (derived)

SI unit: cubic meter 1m32 1L = 10-3 m3 = 1 dm3 = 103 cm3 = 1.0567 qt 1 gal = = 1 cm3 = 1 in3 = 1 qt = 4 qt 3.7854 L 1 mL 16.39 cm3 32 fluid oz

Mass
SI unit: kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 lb 1 kg = 453.59 g 1 lb = 16 oz = 1.66053873 * 10-27 kg 1 amu = 2000 lb 1 ton = 907.185 kg 1 metric ton = 1000 kg = 2204.6 lb

Geometric Relationships
p Circumference of a circle Area of a circle Surface area of a sphere Volume of a sphere Volume of a cylinder = = = = 3.14159 2pr pr 2 4pr 2 4 = pr 3 3 = pr 2h

Average Kinetic Energy (5.8)


KEavg 3 RT = A M 3 = RT 2

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (16.2)


pH = pKa + log

Dipole Moment (9.6)


m = qr

Root Mean Square Velocity (5.8)


u rms MB rate A = rate B A MA

Entropy (17.3) Clausius-Clapeyron Equation (11.5)


ln Pvap = ln - Hvap RT + ln b - Hvap 1 P2 1 = - P1 R T2 T1 S = k ln W

Effusion (5.9)

Change in the Entropy of the Surroundings (17.4)


- Hsys Ssurr = T

Van der Waals Equation (5.10) Fundamental Constants


Atomic mass unit Avogadros number Bohr radius Boltzmanns constant Electron charge Faradays constant Gas constant Mass of an electron Mass of a neutron Mass of a proton Plancks constant Speed of light in vacuum 1 amu 1g NA a0 k e F R me mn mp h c = 1.66053873 * 10 kg = 6.02214199 * 1023 amu
23 -27

n 2 cP + aa b d * 3V - nb4 = nRT V = 6.02214150 * 10 >mol

Henrys Law (12.4)


Sgas = kH Pgas

Change in Gibbs Free Energy (17.5)


G = H - T S

Kinetic Energy (6.1)


1 KE = mv 2 2

Raoults Law (12.6)


Psolution = xsolvent P solvent

The Change in Free Energy: Nonstandard Conditions (17.8)


Grxn = G + RT ln Q rxn

= 5.29177211 * 10-11 m = 1.38065052 * 10-23 J>K = 1.60217653 * 10


-19

Internal Energy (6.2)


E = q + w

Freezing Point Depression (12.7)


Tf = m * Kf

G and K (17.9) rxn


G = -RT ln K rxn

= 9.64853383 * 104 C>mol = 0.08205821 (L # atm>(mol # K) = 8.31447215 J>(mol # K) = 5.48579909 * 10-4 amu = 9.10938262 * 10-31 kg = 1.00866492 amu = 1.67492728 * 10-27 kg = 1.00727647 amu = 1.67262171 * 10-27 kg = 6.62606931 * 10
-34

Heat Capacity (6.3)


q = m * Cs * T

Boiling Point Elevation Constant (12.7)


Tb = m * Kb

Pressure-Volume Work (6.3)


w = -P V

Osmotic Pressure (12.7)


w = MRT

Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant (17.9)


ln K = H S rxn 1 rxn a b + R T R

Change in Enthalpy (6.5)


H = E + P V

The Rate Law (13.3)


Rate = k3A4n Rate = k3A4m3B4n
(single reactant) (multiple reactants)

G and E (18.5) cell


G = -nF E cell

Standard Enthalpy of Reaction (6.8)


H = a np H f (products) rxn a nr H f (reactants)

J#s

Integrated Rate Laws and Half-Life (13.4)


Order Integrated Rate Law Half-Life Expression

E and K (18.5) cell


E = cell 0.0592 V log K n

= 2.99792458 * 108 m>s (exactly) n = c l

Frequency and Wavelength (7.2) SI Unit Prefixes


a atto 10-18 f femto 10-15 p pico 10-12 n nano 10-9 m micro 10-6 m milli 10-3 c 10-2 d 10-1 k kilo 103 M mega 106 G giga 109 T tera 1012 P peta 1015 E exa 1018 0 1 2

3A4t = -kt + 3A40

t1>2 =

Energy of a Photon (7.2)


E = hn hc E = l

ln3A4t = -kt + ln3A40 t1>2 1 1 = kt + 3A4t 3A40 t1>2

centi deci

2k 0.693 = k 1 = k3A40

3A40

Nerst Equation (18.6)


Ecell = E cell 0.0592 V log Q n

Einsteins Energy-Mass Equation (19.8)


E = mc 2

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