Charles W.L.
Hill
International business
Competing in the global marketplace
Introduction and Overview
Chapter 1 Globalization 2
Country Differences
Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Cases: National Differences in Political Economy Differences in Culture 86 122 40
Ethics in International Business Nike: The Sweatshop Debate Etch-a-Sketch Ethics 157
154
Western Drug Companies and the AIDS Epidemic in South Africa 159 Matsushita and Japan's Changing Culture 161
Mired in CorruptionKellogg, Brown & Root in Nigeria 163
The Global Trade and Investment Environment
Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Cases: International Trade Theory 166 204 The Political Economy of International Trade Foreign Direct Investment 240 274
Regional Economic Integration Agricultural Subsidies and Development 308
Boeing versus Airbus: Two Decades of Trade Disputes 309 The Politics of Trade in Steel 316 317
Dixon TiconderogaVictim of Globalization? Drug Development in the European Union Logitech 319
318
The Global Monetary System
Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Cases: The Foreign Exchange Market 322 352 The International Monetary System The Global Capital Market TheTragedy of the Congo 386 412 413
The Russian Ruble Crisis and Its Aftermath Japan's Surging Samurai Bond Market 416
Brief Contents
The Strategy and Structure of International Business
Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Cases: The Strategy of International Business 418 448 The Organization of International Business Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliances 486 521
ToyotaThe Rise of a Global Corporation Nestl: Global Strategy 531
Strategic and Organization Change at Black & Decker 534 Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric 536
International Business Operations
Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Cases: Exporting, Importing, and Countertrade 538 562 Global Production, Outsourcing, and Logistics Global Marketing and R&D 590 624 652
Global Human Resource Management Accounting in the International Business
Financial Management in the International Business 674 Molex 698 699
Procter & Gamble in Japan Merrill Lynch in Japan 701
Glossary
704 716
Photo Credits Index 717
part one
Introduction and Overview CHAPTER 1 Globalization 2 Opening Case
Flat Panel Televisions and the Global Economy Introduction 4 2
Country Differences
National Differences in Political Economy Opening Case
Chavez's Venezuela Introduction 42 40
40
What Is Globalization? 6 The Globalization of Markets 6 The Globalization of Production 7
Political Systems 42 Collectivism and Individualism 43 Democracy and Totalitarianism 45
Country Focus
Outsourcing American Health Care The Emergence of Global Institutions 8 9
Economic Systems 47
Market Economy 47 Command Economy 47 Mixed Economy 48 Legal Systems 48 Different Legal Systems 49 Differences in Contract Law 50 Property Rights and Corruption 50
Drivers of Globalization 11 Declining Trade and Investment Barriers 11 The Role of Technological Change 13
The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy 16
The Changing World Output and World Trade Picture The Changing Foreign Direct Investment Picture 17 16
Country Focus
Corruption in Nigeria 53 The Protection of Intellectual Property 54 Product Safety and Liability 55
Country Focus
India's Software Sector 18 20 The Changing Nature of the Multinational Enterprise The Changing World Order 21
Management Focus
Starbucks Wins Key Trademark Case in China 56
Management Focus
China's HisenseAn Emerging Multinational The Global Economy of the 21st Century 23 22
The Determinants of Economic Development 56
Differences in Economic Development 56 Broader Conceptions of Development: Amartya Sen 60 Political Economy and Economic Progresss 60 Geography, Education, and Economic Development 65 States in Transition 66 The Spread of Democracy 66 The New World Order and Global Terrorism The Spread of Market-Based Systems 70 Deregulation 70 Privatization 72
The Globalization Debate 24
Antiglobalization Protests 24 Globalization, Jobs, and Income 25
Country Focus
Protesting Globalization in France 26 Globalization, Labor Policies, and the Environment 29 Globalization and National Sovereignty 30 Globalization and the World's Poor 31 Managing in the Global Marketplace Chapter Summary 34 34 32
68
The Nature of Economic Transformation 70
Country Focus
Building a Market Economy in India
Legal Systems 74
73
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 34 36
Implications of Changing Political Economy Implications for Managers Chanter Summarv 80 76
74
Closing Case
IKEA-The Global Retailer
viii
Contents
80 Introduction 124 124
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 80 81
Ethical Issues in International Business 124
Employment Practices Human Rights 125
Closing Case
IndonesiaThe Troubled Giant
CHAPTER 3
Management Focus
Differences in Culture
Opening Case
86
86
Unocal in Myanmar
127 127
Wal-Mart's Foreign Expansion Introduction 88
Environmental Pollution Corruption 128 Moral Obligations 130
What Is Culture? 89
Values and Norms 89 Culture, Society, and the Nation-State The Determinants of Culture 91 Social Structure 92 Individuals and Groups 92 Social Stratification 94 90
Management Focus
News Corporation in China Ethical Dilemmas 131 131
The Roots of Unethical Behavior 132
Personal Ethics 132 Decision-Making Processes 132 Organization Culture 132
Religious and Ethical Systems 96
Christianity Islam 98 96
Management Focus
Pfizer's Drug Testing Strategy in Nigeria Unrealistic Performance Expectations 135 Leadership 135 Philosophical Approaches to Ethics Straw Men 136 Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics 138 Rights Theories 139 Justice Theories 140 136 134
Country Focus
Islamic Capitalism in Turkey Hinduism 102 103 101
Management Focus
McDonald's and Hindu Culture Buddhism 104 Confucianism 105 Language 106 Spoken Language 106 Unspoken Language 107 Education 107 108
Ethical Decision Making 141
Hiring and Promotion 142 Organization Culture and Leadership 142 Decision-Making Processes 144 Ethics Officers 145 Moral Courage 145 Summary of Decision-Making Steps 146 Chapter Summary 112 146
Culture and the Workplace Cultural Change 110
Implications for Managers
Management Focus
Cross-Cultural Illiteracy Chapter Summary 116 116 114
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions 147 Research Task 148 148
Closing Case
Google in China Part T w o Cases Nike:The Sweatshop Debate 154 Etch-a-Sketch Ethics 157 Western Drug Companies and the AIDS Epidemic in South Africa 159 Matsushita and Japan's Changing Culture 161 Mired in Corruption Kellogg, Brown & Root in Nigeria 163
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 117 117
Closing Case
DMG-Shanghai
CHAPTER 4
Ethics in International Business 122
Opening Case
Apple's iPod Plant 122
Contents
ix
part three
The Global Trade and Investment Environment CHAPTER 5 International Trade Theory 166
Opening Case
The Ecuadorian Rose Industry Introduction 168 166
Closing Case
Trade in Information Technology and U.S. Economic Growth 197
Appendix
International Trade and the Balance of Payments 200
CHAPTER
The Political Economy of International Trade Opening Case
United States Cotton Subsidies and World Trade 204 Introduction 206
204
An Overview of Trade Theory 168
The Benefits of Trade I69 The Patterns of International Trade 169 Trade Theory and Government Policy 170 Mercantilism 171 171
Instruments of Trade Policy 206 Tariffs 207
Subsidies 208 Import Quotas and Voluntary Export Restraints 208
Country Focus
Subsidized Wheat Production in Japan Local Content Requirements 211 Administrative Policies 211 172 209
Absolute Advantage
Country Focus
Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation?
Comparative Advantage 174
The Gains from Trade 175 Qualifications and Assumptions 176 Extensions of the Ricardian Model 177
The Case for Government Intervention 212
Political Arguments for Intervention 212 213
Management Focus
U.S. Magnesium Seeks Protection
Country Focus
Moving White-Collar Jobs Offshore 181
Country Focus
Trade in Hormone-Treated Beef 215 217 Economic Arguments for Intervention Retaliation and Trade War Domestic Policies 220 219
Heckscher-Ohlin Theory 182
The Leontief Paradox 182 The Product Life-Cycle Theory 183 Evaluating the Product Life-Cycle Theory 184
The Revised Case for Free Trade 219
New Trade Theory 186 Increasing Product Variety and Reducing Costs 186 Economies of Scale, First Mover Advantages, and the Pattern of Trade 187 Implications of New Trade Theory 187
Development of the World Trading System 220
From Smith to the Great Depression 220 1947-1979: GATT, Trade Liberalization, and Economic Growth 221 1980-1993 : Protectionist Trends 222 The Uruguay Round and the World Trade Organization WTO: Experience to Date 223 The Future of the WTO: Unresolved Issues and the Doha Round 227
222
National Competitive Advantage: Porter's Diamond 189
Factor Endowments 190 Demand Conditions 190 Related and Supporting Industries 190 Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry 191 Evaluating Porter's Theory 191
Country Focus
Estimating the Gains from Trade for America Implications for Managers 232 231
Management Focus
The Rise of Finland's Nokia Implications for Managers Chapter Summary 195 196 192 193
Chapter Summary
234 235
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 235
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 196
Closing Case
Trade in TextilesHolding the Chinese Juggernaut in Check 236
Contents
Levels of Economic Integration 277
CHAPTER 7 Foreign Direct Investment Opening Case
240
240
The Case for Regional Integration
278
Starbucks' Foreign Direct Investment Introduction 242
The Economic Case for Integration 279 The Political Case for Integration 279 Impediments to Integration 280 The Case against Regional Integration 280
Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy Trends in FDI 242 The Direction of FDI 244 Country Focus
Foreign Direct Investment in China 245 The Source of FDI 246 The Form of FDI: Acquisitions versus Greenfield Investments 247 The Shift to Services 248
242
Regional Economic Integration in Europe 281 Evolution of the European Union 281 Political Structure of the European Union 282
Management Focus
The European Commission and Media Industry Mergers 284 The Single European Act 284
Theories of Foreign Direct Investment
Why Foreign Direct Investment! 249 The Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment The Eclectic Paradigm 252
248
251
Country Focus
Creating a Single European Market in Financial Services 286
Political Ideology and Foreign Direct Investment
The Radical View 254 The Free Market View 254 Pragmatic Nationalism 255 Shifting Ideology 256
254
The Establishment of the Euro 287 Enlargement of the European Union 289 Regional Economic Integration in the Americas 290 The North American Free Trade Agreement 290 The Andean Community 293 MERCOSUR 294 Central American Common Market, CAFTA, and CARICOM 295 Free Trade Area of the Americas 295
Management Focus
DP World and the United States 257
Benefits and Costs of FDI
257
Host-Country Benefits 257 Host-Country Costs 260 Home-Country Benefits 261 Home-Country Costs 262 International Trade Theory and FDI
Regional Economic Integration Elsewhere
262 Association of Southeast Asian Nations 296 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 297 Regional Trade Blocs in Africa 298
296
Government Policy Instruments and FDI
262
Implications for Managers Chapter Summary 301
299
Home-Country Policies 263 Host-Country Policies 263 International Institutions and the Liberalization of FDI 265 Implications for Managers Chapter Summary 268 269 265
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 302 303
302
Closing Case
NAFTA and the U.S.Textile Industry
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 269 269
Part Three Cases
Agricultural Subsidies and Development 308 Boeing versus Airbus: Two Decades of Trade Disputes 309
Closing Case
Cemex's Foreign Direct Investment
CHAPTER 8 Regional Economic Integration Opening Case
The European Energy Market Introduction 276 274
274
The Politics of Trade in Steel 316 Dixon TiconderogaVictim of Globalization 317 Drug Development in the European Union 318 Logitech 319
Contents
xi
part four
The Global Monetary System
The Breton Woods System 357 The Role of the IMF 358
The Role of the World Bank 359 359 The Collapse of the Fixed Exchange Rate System
part four
The Global Monetary System CHAPTER 9 The Foreign Exchange Market 322 Opening Case
Hyundai and Kia Face a Strong Won Introduction 324 322
The Floating Exchange Rate Regime 360
The Jamaica Agreement 36I Exchange Rates since 1973 361
Country Focus
The U.S. Dollar, Oil Prices, and Recycling Petrodollars 364
The Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market 324
Currency Conversion 325 Insuring against Foreign Exchange Risk 326
Fixed versus Floating Exchange Rates 364
The Case for Floating Exchange Rates 365 The Case for Fixed Exchange Rates 365 Who Is Right? 366
Management Focus
Volkswagen's Hedging Strategy 329 329 The Nature of the Foreign Exchange Market Prices and Exchange Rates 331 Interest Rates and Exchange Rates 337 Investor Psychology and Bandwagon Effects 338 Summary 339
Exchange Rate Regimes in Practice 367
Pegged Exchange Rates 367 Currency Boards 368 Crisis Management by the IMF 369 Financial Crises in the Post-Bretton Woods Era 369 Mexican Currency Crisis of 1995 370 The Asian Crisis 371 Evaluating the IMF's Policy Prescriptions 375
EconomicTheories of Exchange Rate Determination 331
Exchange Rate Forecasting 339
The Efficient Market School 339
Country Focus
Turkey and the IMF 376
Country Focus
Anatomy of a Currency Crisis 340 The Inefficient Market School 340 Approaches to Forecasting 341 Currency Convertibility 342 344
Implications for Managers 378
Currency Management 378 Business Strategy 379
Management Focus
Airbus and the Euro 380 Corporate-Government Relations Chapter Summary 381 382 380
Implications for Managers
Management Focus
Dealing with the Rising Euro Chapter Summary 347 348 346
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 382 383
Closing Case
China's Managed Float
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 349
Closing Case
The Curse of the Strong Dollar at STMicro 349
CHAPTER 11 The Global Capital Market Opening Case
386
386
CHAPTER 10 The International Monetary System Opening Case
Argentina's Monetary Crisis Introduction 354 352
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
352
Introduction
388
Benefits of the Global Capital Market 388
Functions of a Generic Capital Market 388 Attractions of the Global Capital Market 389
Management Focus
Deutsche Telekom Taps the Global Capital Market Growth of the Global Capital Market 356 394 391
The Gold Standard 355 Mechanics of the Gold Standard 356 Strength of the Gold Standard 356 The Period between the Wars,1918-1939
Global Capital Market Risks 396
xii
Contents
Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness 433 Pressures for Cost Reductions 433 Pressures for Local Responsiveness 434 Choosing a Strategy 436 Global Standardization Strategy 436 Localization Strategy 401 437 438 438 439
Country Focus
Did the Global Capital Markets Fail Mexico? The Eurocurrency Market 398 Genesis and Growth of the Market 398 Attractions of the Eurocurrency Market 398 Drawbacks of the Eurocurrency Market 400 The Global Bond Market 400 397
Attractions of the Eurobond Market The Global Equity Market 401
Management Focus
Vodaphone in Japan 402 Transnational Strategy
Foreign Exchange Risk and the Cost of Capital
Country Focus
The Search for Capital in the Czech Republic Implications for Managers Chapter Summary 405 405 404 403
Management Focus
Evolution of Strategy at Procter & Gamble International Strategy 440 The Evolution of Strategy 441 Chapter Summary 442 442
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 406 406
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 443 443 446
Closing Case
China Mobile
Closing Case
Wal-Mart's Global Expansion
Part Four Cases
TheTragedy of the Congo 412 The Russian Ruble Crisis and Its Aftermath 413 Japan's Surging Samurai Bond Market 416
Appendix
Profitability, Growth, and Valuation
CHAPTER 13 The Organization of International Business 448 Opening Case
Nestle 448 450
The Strategy and Structure of International Business CHAPTER 12 The Strategy of International Business Opening Case
MTV Networks Introduction 420 418
Introduction
418
Organizational Architecture 451 Organizational Structure 452 Vertical Differentiation: Centralization and Decentralization 452
Management Focus
The International Division at Wal-Mart 454 Horizpntal Differentiation: The Design of Structure 455
Strategy and the Firm 420
Value Creation 421 Strategic Positioning 422 Operations: The Firm as a Value Chain 423 Global Expansion, Profitability, and Profit Growth 426 Expanding the Market: Leveraging Products and Competencies 426 Location Economies 427 Experience Effects 429 Leveraging Subsidiary Skills 431 Global Expansion IssuesA Summary 432
Management Focus
The Rise and Fall of Dow Chemical's Matrix Structure 460 Integrating Mechanisms 461
Control Systems and Incentives 466
Types of Control Systems 466 Incentive Systems 467 Control Systems, Incentives, and Strategy in the International Business 467 Processes 470
Contents
Organizational Culture 471 Creating and Maintaining Organizational Culture 472 Organizational Culture and Performance in the International Business 473
xiii
Greenfield Ventures or Acquisitions? 503
Pros and Cons of Acquisitions 503 Pros and Cons of Greenfield Ventures 505 Greenfield or Acquisition? 506 Strategic Alliances 506 The Advantages of Strategic Alliances 506
Synthesis: Strategy and Architecture 475 Localization Strategy 475
International Strategy 475 Global Standardization Strategy 476 Transnational Strategy 476 Environment, Strategy, Architecture, and Performance 477
Management Focus
Cisco and Fujitsu 507 The Disadvantages of Strategic Alliances 508 Making Alliances Work 508 Chapter Summary 511 512
Organizational Change 477
Organizational Inertia 477 Implementing Organizational Change 478 Chapter Summary 480 480
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 513 513
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 481
Closing Case
Tesco Goes Global Part Five Cases ToyotaThe Rise of a Global Corporation Nestle: Global Strategy 531 Strategic and Organization Change at Black & Decker 534 Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric 536
Closing Case
A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever 481
521
CHAPTER 14 Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliances 486
Opening Case
JCB in India Introduction 486 488
part six
International Business Operations CHAPTER 15 Exporting, Importing, and Countertrade Opening Case
Exporting and Growth for Small Businesses 490 Introduction 540 540 538
Basic Entry Decisions 488
Which Foreign Markets? 488 Timing of Entry 489
538
Management Focus
International Expansion at ING Group Scale of Entry and Strategic Commitments 490 Summary 492 Entry Modes 493 Exporting 493
The Promise and Pitfalls of Exporting
Improving Export Performance 541
An International Comparison FCX Systems 542 543 544 541
Management Focus
The Jollibee PhenomenonA Philippine Multinational 494 Turnkey Projects 495 Licensing 496 Franchising 498 Joint Ventures 499 Wholly Owned Subsidiaries 500 Selecting an Entry Mode 501 Core Competencies and Entry Mode 502 Pressures for Cost Reductions and Entry Mode 502
Information Sources 543 Utilizing Export Management Companies
Management Focus
Exporting with a Little Government Help
Management Focus
Export Strategy at 3M Export Strategy 545 546 545
Management Focus
Red Spot Paint & Varnish
xiv Export and Import Financing Lack of Trust 547 Letter of Credit 548 Draft 549 Bill of Lading 550 Export Assistance 552
Contents 547
Chapter Summary 584 585
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 585
A Typical International Trade Transaction 550
Closing Case MicrosoftOutsourcing XBox Production 586
Export-Import Bank 552 Export Credit Insurance 552 Countertrade 553 The Incidence of Countertrade 553 Types of Countertrade 554 The Pros and Cons of Countertrade 555 Chapter Summary 556 557
CHAPTER 17 Global Marketing and R&D Opening Case
Levi Strauss Goes Local Introduction 592 590
590
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 557 558
The Globalization of Markets and Brands Market Segmentation 593 594
592
Closing Case
Megahertz Communications
Management Focus
Marketing to Black Brazil Product Attributes 595 Cultural Differences 595 Economic Development 596 Product and Technical Standards 597 Distribution Strategy 597 Differences between Countries 597 Choosing a Distribution Strategy 600 564 Communication Strategy 601 Barriers to International Communication 601
C H A P T E R 16 Global Production, Outsourcing, and Logistics 562 Opening Case
Li & Fung Introduction 562 564
Strategy, Production, and Logistics
Where to Produce 567 Country Factors 567
Management Focus
Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Selling Tampons Push versus Pull Strategies 604 603
Management Focus
Philips in China 568 Technological Factors 569 Product Factors 572 Locating Production Facilities 573 The Strategic Role of Foreign Factories 574
Management Focus
UnileverSelling to India's Poor Clobal Advertising 606 605
Pricing Strategy 608
Price Discrimination 608 Strategic Pricing 609 Regulatory Influences on Prices 610 Configuring the Marketing Mix 611
Management Focus
Hewlett-Packard in Singapore 575 576 Outsourcing Production: Make-or-Buy Decisions The Advantages of Make 577
Management Focus
Outsourcing at the Boeing Company The Advantages of Buy 579 Trade-offs 581 Strategic Alliances with Suppliers 581 578
Management Focus
Castrol Oil in Vietnam 612
New-Product Development 613
The Location of R&D 613 Integrating R &D, Marketing, and Production 614 Cross'Functional Teams 615 Building Global R&D Capabilities 616 583 Chapter Summary 617
Managing a Global Supply Chain
582
The Role of fust-in-Time Inventory 582 The Role of Information Technology and the Internet
Contents
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 619 619 618 Introduction 654
xv
Country Differences in Accounting Standards 654
Relationship between Business and Providers of Capital 655 Political and Economic Ties with Other Countries 657 Inflation Accounting 657 Level of Development 657 Culture 658
Closing Case
Kodak in Russia
CHAPTER 18 Global Human Resource Management Opening Case
Lenovo 624 626 626 Introduction
624
National and International Standards 658
Lack of Comparability 658 International Standards 659
Management Focus
The Consequences of Different Accounting Standards 660 Multinational Consolidation and Currency Translation 661
The Strategic Role of International HRM Staffing Policy 628 Types of Staffing Policy 628 Expatriate Managers 631
Management Focus
Managing Expatriates at Royal Dutch/Shell The Global Mind-Set 635 634
Management Focus
Novartis Joins the International Accounting Club Consolidated Financial Statements 662 Currency Translation 664 Current U.S. Practice 665 662
Training and Management Development 635
Training for Expatriate Managers 636 Repatriation of Expatriates 63 7 Management Development and Strategy 637
Accounting Aspects of Control Systems 666
Exchange Rate Changes and Control Systems 666 Transfer Pricing and Control Systems 668 Separation of Subsidiary and Manager Performance 668 Chapter Summary 669 670
Management Focus
Monsanto's Repatriation Program 638 Performance Appraisal 639 Performance Appraisal Problems 639 Guidelines for Performance Appraisal 639 Compensation 640 National Differences in Compensation 640 642
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 671
Closing Case
Adopting International Accounting Standards 671
Management Focus
Global Compensation Practices at McDonald's Expatriate Pay 642
CHAPTER 20 Financial Management in the International Business 674 Opening Case
Global Treasury Management at Procter & Gamble 674 Introduction 676
International Labor Relations 644
The Concerns of Organized Labor 644 The Strategy of Organized Labor 644 Approaches to Labor Relations 645 Chapter Summary 646 647
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 647
Investment Decisions 677
Capital Budgeting 677 Project and Parent Cash Flows 678 Adjusting for Political and Economic Risk 678
Closing Case
XCO China 648
Management Focus
Black Sea Energy Ltd. 679 Risk and Capital Budgeting 680
CHAPTER 19 Accounting in the International Business Opening Case
Chinese Accounting 652
652
Financing Decisions 680
Source of Financing 681 Financial Structure 681
xvi
Contents
Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions Research Task 692 692
Global Money Management: The Efficiency Objective 682 Minimizing Cash Balances 682 Reducing Transaction Costs 682 Global Money Management: The Tax Objective 683
Closing Case Brazil's Gol 692 Part Six Cases Molex 698 Procter & Gamble in Japan 699 Merrill Lynch in Japan 701 Glossary 704 716
Moving Money across Borders: Attaining Efficiencies and Reducing Taxes 684 Dividend Remittances 684 Royalty Payments and Fees 684 Transfer Prices 685 Fronting Loans 686
Techniques for Global Money Management 688
Centralized Depositories 688 Multilateral Netting 689 Chapter Summary 691
Photo Credits Index 717
Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
Gross National Income per Capita, 2005 57 Purchasing Power Parity, 2005 59 Growth in Gross National Product, 1996-2005 61 The Human Development Index, 2004 62 Political Freedom, 2006 67 Distribution of Economic Freedom in 2007 71 World Religions 97 Member States of the European Union in 2007 282 Economic Integration in the Americas 291 ASEAN Countries 297 APEC Members 298
