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Floating Point Numbers

The document discusses the IEEE 32-bit floating point representation standard. It explains that floating point numbers are divided into three parts: the sign bit, exponent field, and mantissa. The exponent is stored as an 8-bit number relative to a bias of 127, and the mantissa is stored in a 23-bit field. Examples are given of converting decimal floating point numbers to and from the IEEE representation.

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63 views

Floating Point Numbers

The document discusses the IEEE 32-bit floating point representation standard. It explains that floating point numbers are divided into three parts: the sign bit, exponent field, and mantissa. The exponent is stored as an 8-bit number relative to a bias of 127, and the mantissa is stored in a 23-bit field. Examples are given of converting decimal floating point numbers to and from the IEEE representation.

Uploaded by

mm8871
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Floating Point Numbers

Floating Point Numbers

Now you've seen unsigned and signed integers. In real life we also need to be able represent numbers with fractional parts (like: 12.5 & 45.39). Called Floating Point numbers. You will learn the IEEE 32-bit floating point representation.

Floating Point Numbers

In the decimal system, a decimal point (radix point) separates the whole numbers from the fractional part Examples: 37.25 ( whole = 37, fraction = 25/100) 123.567 10.12345678

Binary Equivalence
The binary equivalent of a floating point number can be determined by computing the binary representation for each part separately.

1) For the whole part: Use subtraction or division method previously learned. 2) For the fractional part: Use the subtraction or multiplication method (to be shown next)

Problem storing binary form


We have no way to store the radix point! Standards committee came up with a way to store floating point numbers (that have a decimal point)

IEEE Floating Point Representation

Floating point numbers can be stored into 32bits, by dividing the bits into three parts: the sign, the exponent, and the mantissa.

1 2

10

32

IEEE Floating Point Representation

The first (leftmost) field of our floating point representation will STILL be the sign bit:

0 for a positive number, 1 for a negative number.

Storing the Binary Form


How do we store a radix point? - All we have are zeros and ones Make sure that the radix point is ALWAYS in the same position within the number. Use the IEEE 32-bit standard the leftmost digit must be a 1

Solution is Normalization
Every binary number, except the one corresponding to the number zero, can be normalized by choosing the exponent so that the radix point falls to the right of the leftmost 1 bit.

37.2510 = 100101.012 = 1.0010101 x 25

7.62510 = 111.1012 = 1.11101 x 22


0.312510 = 0.01012 = 1.01 x 2-2

IEEE Floating Point Representation

The second field of the floating point number will be the exponent. The exponent is stored as an unsigned 8-bit number, RELATIVE to a bias of 127.

Exponent 5 is stored as (127 + 5) or 132

132 = 10000100 122 = 01111010

Exponent -5 is stored as (127 + (-5)) or 122

IEEE Floating Point Representation

The mantissa is the set of 0s and 1s to the right of the radix point of the normalized (when the digit to the left of the radix point is 1) binary number.

Ex:

1.00101 X 23
(The mantissa is 00101)

The mantissa is stored in a 23 bit field, so we add zeros to the right side and store:

00101000000000000000000

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion


Ex 1: Find the IEEE FP representation of 40.15625 Step 1. Compute the binary equivalent of the whole part and the fractional part. (i.e. convert 40 and .15625 to their binary equivalents)
:

40.1562510 = 101000.001012

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion


Step 2. Normalize the number by moving the decimal point to the right of the leftmost one.

101000.00101 = 1.0100000101 x 25

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion


Step 3. Convert the exponent to a biased exponent

127 + 5 = 132
And convert biased exponent to 8-bit unsigned binary: 13210 = 100001002

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion


Step 4. Store the results from steps 1-3:
Sign Exponent Mantissa (from step 3) (from step 2) 0 10000100 01000001010000000000000

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion


Ex 2: Find the IEEE FP representation of 24.75 Step 1. Compute the binary equivalent of the whole part and the fractional part.

-24.7510 = -11000.112

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion


Step 2. Normalize the number by moving the decimal point to the right of the leftmost one.

-11000.11 = -1.100011 x 24

Decimal Floating Point to IEEE standard Conversion.


Step 3. Convert the exponent to a biased exponent 127 + 4 = 131 ==> 13110 = 100000112 Step 4. Store the results from steps 1-3 Sign 1 Exponent 10000011 mantissa 1000110..0

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion.

Do the steps in reverse order In reversing the normalization step move the radix point the number of digits equal to the exponent: If exponent is positive, move to the right If exponent is negative, move to the left

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion.


Ex 1: Convert the following 32-bit binary number to its decimal floating point equivalent: Sign Exponent Mantissa

01111101

010..0

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion..


Step 1: Extract the biased exponent and unbias it

Biased exponent = 011111012 = 12510


Unbiased Exponent: 125 127 = -2

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion..


Step 2: Write Normalized number in the form:

1 . ____________ x 2 Mantissa
For our number: -1. 01 x 2 2

Exponent ----

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion.


Step 3: Denormalize the binary number from step 2 (i.e. move the decimal and get rid of (x 2n) part):

-0.01012

(negative exponent move left)

Step 4: Convert binary number to the FP equivalent (i.e. Add all column values with 1s in them)

-0.01012 = - ( 0.25 + 0.0625) = -0.312510

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion.


Ex 2: Convert the following 32 bit binary number to its decimal floating point equivalent: Sign 0 Exponent 10000011 Mantissa 10011000..0

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion..


Step 1: Extract the biased exponent and unbias it

Biased exponent = 10000112 = 13110

Unbiased Exponent: 131 127 = 4

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion..


Step 2: Write Normalized number in the form:

Mantissa 1 . ____________ x 2

----

Exponent

For our number: 1.10011 x 2 4

IEEE standard to Decimal Floating Point Conversion.


Step 3: Denormalize the binary number from step 2 (i.e. move the decimal and get rid of (x 2n) part:

11001.12

(positive exponent move right)

Step 4: Convert binary number to the FP equivalent (i.e. Add all column values with 1s in them)

11001.1 = 16 + 8 + 1 +.5

= 25.510

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