OBECTIVES, ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS

BY
ALTAF-UR-REHMAN KHAN DIRECTOR, CITRUS RESEARCH INSTITUTE SARGODHA

WORLD CITRUS PRODUCTION

Pakistan is at 11th position by production among worlds top citrus producing countries. The average yield of citrus in Pakistan is 9.0 tonnes/hac. Production (million tonnes) World 105.07 Area (thousand hac.) 7526.9

Pakistan
Sargodha

2294.47 thousand tonnes 199.40 thousand hac. 2.18 % 2.64 %

53 % 47.9 %
2.135 billion $ 33 million $ 2.5 %

World wise Citrus Trade Share of Pakistan

OBJECTIVES

To introduce new orange varieties (Early, mid and late) to expand the availability period of Citrus. Promotion of seedless orange varieties. Executing research for the improvement of yield & quality of oranges through suitable cultural and orchard management techniques (irrigation, plant protection, nutrition, pruning etc.

Identification of research on the diseases & pests present in Citrus orchards and to find out the effective control measures. To conduct studies for the reduction of post harvest losses in Citrus Research on nursery management. Production of nursery plants of different citrus fruits varieties. Advisory service to the growers

ORGANIZATION
Secretary Agriculture

Director General Agri. (Research)

Director Citrus Research Institute
Administration Horticulture Entomology & Technical Division Division Division Diseases Division Post Harvest Division Soil & Plant Nutrition Division

Research Stations
Citrus Research Station, Sargodha Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal

Different Section of Citrus Research Institute Sargodha

1.Administration and Technical Division
Director 1

4.Disease Division
Asst. Plant Pathologist Vacant Assistant Res. Officer 1

2.Horticulture Division
Horticulturist 1 Assistant Horticulturist 1

5.Post Harvest Division

Asst. Food Technologist Vacant Assistant Res. Officer 1

3.Entomology Division
Assistant Entomologist Vacant Assistant Res. Officer 1

6.Soil and Plant Nutrition Division

Assistant Agri. Chemist 1 Assistant Res. Officer 1

Varietal Diversification

Two strains of Valencia late identified from the home garden of Khanzada Sahib i.e. Khanzada Shadiwal-1 and Khanzada Shadiwal-2

Prominent Characters
Av. Fruit Weight Rind thickness Juice percentage Total soluble solids (brix) Acidity %age TSS/Acid ratio = = = = = = K.S. 1 187.38 gram 4.5 mm 54.3 11 % 0.83 13.2 K.S. 2 268.45 gram 5.3 mm 50.26 9.8 % 0.80 12.40

Sweet Orange Group

Varieties Studied 23 Varieties Recommended 4 Salustiana(Seedless) Marrs Early (Almost
seedless)

Casa Grande (Less

seedy)

Tarocco (Seedless)
Marss Early

Mandarin Group
Varieties Studied Varieties Recommended

Honey (Consistent and heavy bearer)

Tangerine Group
Varieties Studied Varieties Recommended

2 Fremont Fairchild
(Less seedy, eye catching and less seedy hybrid varieties)

FAIR CHILD

Grapefruit
Varieties Studied Varieties Recommended

11

2 Shamber (Seedless) Red blush (Seedless)

Lemons and limes

Varieties Studied 18 Varieties Recommended 4 Eureka Mesero Tahiti lime (Virtually
Seedless)

Palestine Sweet
lime

Determination of Maturity times

Honey mandarin Feutrells early Kinnow mandarin
Shamber Grapefruit

Mid October to Mid November Mid November to Mid December Mid of January to Mid March Mid December to Mid February

Rootstock Evaluation
A broad based rootstock evaluation programme for improving the yield and fruit quality is under way. Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, volkamirana, mithi, kharna khata and gadha dahi have been evaluated for salustiana sweet orange. Plant growth and better fruit quality have been attained in citranges

Development of Double Grafting Technique

Through using graft wood of quality improving citrus species i.e. Sweet lime, C-35 citrange, Carrizo citrange better internal quality character have been achieved

Nutritional Studies including micronutrients

NPK at 1000 -500 500 gm/plant + FYM at 60 kg/plant recommended for better yield. Attained increase in yield as 15.19% with the application of B at 60 ppm.

Water saving through Furrow Irrigation Furrow Irrigation resulted in substantial saving of irrigation water up to 60% as compared to Flood irrigation. Plants remained un-affected from soil born fungal diseases in furrow irrigation.

Pressurized irrigation system in citrus orchards.

Drip Sprinkler (Turbo-gyronet) Sprinkler- gyronet

Sprinkler (Turbo-gyronet)

Sprinkler- gyronet

Drip

Findings: Better yield per plant i.e. 145 kg were abstained in drip system where as Turbo gyronet 137.12 kg/plant proved the next better method.

INSTALATION OF TENSIOMETER

Furrow system of irrigation

TRIAL -2: Modification of flood irrigation system to furrow.

70000 60000 50000

Quantity of water

40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1 Floood,Furrow

Flood Furrow

Furrow area: 12000 Sq ft Flood: 12000 sq ft

MEASUREMENT OF THE WATER QUANTITY BY USING FLUM METER

Disease Studies

Detected Causes of Citrus Decline Abnormal Temperature surge during summer and soil born fungus species are the main causes Control of Citrus Scab disease through topspin-M and Copper Oxychloride with respective doses of 1.5 gm and 2.5 gm/lit. have been achieved. Citrus Greening through Iodine testing method identification of citrus greening was done in sectional orchard on Star Ruby Grapefruit and Hamlin sweet orange

Control of Citrus Canker

Fungicides and Antibiotic were tested for their efficacy where streptomycin spray at 1 gm/lit. proved effective on grapefruit which is very susceptible to Citrus Canker

Insect Pest Survey in Sargodha Area

Citrus Psylla Mealy bug Leaf miner Fruit Fly Lemon butter fly Thrips Mites Scales

49% 44 % 45 % 70 % 48 % 40 % 20 % 25 %

Prevalence of fruitfully was more as compared to other pests. Next to fruit fly Citrus Psylla was found as problematic pests.

CITRUS DECLINE
Training Programmes in different Tehsils through farmers days Union Council Level 8 38

The problem of Citrus Decline reverted to a reasonable extent

Completion and Compilation of Survey Report on size reduction and quality degradation in kinnow mandarin

COPMLETED

 Exhibition/Seminars

Varietal Registration
Kinnow Salustiana Orange Feutrells early Shamber Grapfruit

Geographical indication of kinnow

In collaboration with Kinnow Growers Association the development of document for bringing Sargodha kinnow under geographical indication submitted.

Indexation work for the selection of less seedy kinnow completed Registration of Nursery The case of registration of nine nursery has been sent to the quarter concerned

ENRICHMENT OF GENE BANK

Sweet Oranges Mandarin Grapefruit Tangrines 42 09 11 03

Lemon & limes

Acid lime Rootstock

12
05 42

ON GOING PROJECTS

FRUIT & VEGETABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Name of GPU Muhammad Nagar (Tesh. Arif wala) Pakpattan Sodhi jaw wali (soan valley) Dist. Khushab (orange) Area 12.5 acres 5 acre &2 kanals Possession date 20.09.06

30.4.08

Germplasm at M.Nagar 1-mother block of scion vari.

Planted 16-10-06
Kinnow, Feutrells early, Honey mandarin, Salustiana, Marrs Early, Succari, Tarocco, Faisalabad pride, Casa Grande, Musambi, Jaffa, Parson Brown, Hinckley, At wood early, Cara Cara Navel, Pine apple, Olinda Valencia, Cutter Valencia, Shamber. Star Ruby, Rio red, Ray Ruby, Reed, Flame, Red Blush, Frost Marsh, Kaghzi lime, Tahati lime, Persian lime, Messero, Frost Lisbon, Deperse, Ruby Blood, Palestine lime ( 35 )

10-03-08

Planted on 27-11-08

Blood red, Rhode Red, Early Gold, Olinda, Fair Child, Eustis ( 6 )

Seed garden at M.N. mother block of rootstocks

1-C-35 2-FLYING DRAGON 3-VOLKA MARIANA 4-RANGPUR LIME 5-ROUGH LEMON (JATTI KHATTI) 6- CELOPETRA 7- GHADHA DAHEE

View of Sodhi GPU

SODHI GPU

Germplasm at Sodhi Jay Wali

Date of Plantation 9.9.2008

Salustiana, Musambi, Valencia late, Casa Grande, Pine apple, Olinda Valencia, Shamber, Star Ruby, and Parson brown, Murrcot, Seedless Kinnow, Glen Navel, Itaborai, Emby Gold, Rhode Red. 16

TRAINING FOR NURSERYMEN

NURSERYMEN TRAINING

No. of Plants Sold

Sargodha Sahiwal Resumed Mittchle Fruit Farm Renalakhurd Total Contribution of Seedless Plants From both Stations 62991 257069 115019
435079 60537

AGRICULTURE SECTOR LINKAGE PROJECT IN COLABORATION WITH AUSTRALIA

OBJECTIVES
Improvement in orchards management practices (pruning, irrigation, crop regularization and high density plantation) Augmentation of Germplasm Capacity building of the researchers and extension staff and Farmers

 Pruning
Nursery Management Irrigation High density Plantation

07
10 03 01

EXOTIC INTRODUCTION

Cara Cara Orange

Fisher

Imperial
Hamlin

Henderson Lane late Nova

Fisher

Salustiana

Freemont