Control Flow and Statement
Assignment Statement Compound Statement Control Statement Standard I/O
Java Statement
Assign St.
Compound St. : var = exp : { }
Condition St. : if St., switch St.
Statement
Control
Loop St. : for St., while St., do-while St. Branch St. : break St., continue St., return St.
Exception Handling St.: try-catch-finally Synchronization St. : synchronized Standard I/O : System.in.read(), System.out.println()
Assignment Statement
Assign the value to variable Form : <variable> = <expression>
remainder = dividend % divisor; i = j = k = 0; x *= y;
Type Conversion
Narrowing type casting : cast operator
[AssignmentSt.java]
Compound Statement
To give one statement grouping several statements Form
{ <declaration> or <statement> }
if (a > b) a--; b++;
[CompoundSt.java]
Local Variable
Can be referred only in the declared block
[AnotherBlock.java], [LocalVariable.java]
Control Statement
To change the execution order of program As the method of controlling the execution order
Conditional Statement : if St., switch St. Repeat Statement : for St., while St., do-while St. Branch Statemnt : break St., continue St., return St.
Conditional Statement - if Statement
Form of if Statement
if ( <conditional expression> ) <statement> if ( < conditional expression > ) <statement1> else <statement2>
if (a < 0) a = -a; if (a > b) m = a; else m = b;
Result of conditional expression : Logical Type(true or false) [IfSt.java], [IfElseSt1.java]
Conditional Statement - if Statement
Nested if statement
if (<cond. expr.>) if (<cond. expr.>) // . . . <statement> if (<cond. expr.1>) <statement 1> else if (<cond. expr.2>) < statement 2> else if (<cond. expr. n>) < statement n> else < statement>
[NestedIf.java]
Conditional Statement - switch Statement
Form of switch statement
switch ( <expr.> ) { case <const. expr. 1> : <statement 1> case < const. expr. 2> : < statement 2> : case < const. expr. n> : < statement n> default : < statement> } break statement
[SwitchSt.java], [SwitchSt2.java]
Repeat Statement - for Statement
Repeat the sequence of statement as many as defined. Form of for statement
for ( <expr. 1> ; < expr. 2> ; < expr. 3>) <statement> <expr. 1> : initialize the control variable <expr. 2> : check the control variable <expr. 3> : modify the control variable
s = 0; for (i=1; i<=N; ++i) // sum from 1 to N : i increment s += i;
Repeat Statement - for Statement
Execution order of for statement
1 2
< < for ( < expr 1> ;Expr2> ; expr 3> )
3 6
False
True
< Statement >
[ForSt.java]
Repeat Statement - for Statement
Infinite Loop using for statement
for ( ; ; ) <statement>
To stop the loop : break statement, return statement
Nested for statement
Multi dimensional array
for (i=0; i<N; ++i) for (j=0; j<M; ++j) matrix[i][j] = 0;
[PrintMatrix.java]
Repeat Statement - while Statement
Form of while statement
while ( cond. Expr. ) i = 1; s = 0; while (i <= N) { // summation from 1 to N <Statement>
s += i; ++i; }
Order of Execution
(1)
while (< Cond. Expr. >)
(4)
False
(2) True
< Statement >
(3)
Repeat Statement - while Statement
Comparison of for statement and while statement
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) s += i; i = 0; while (i < N) { s += i; ++i; }
Repeat Statement do - while Statement
After executing the repeating statements, then check the conditional expression Form of do-while statement Although the conditional expression
do
<statement> while (<conditional expression>);
is false, execute the statement one time above at least
[DoWhile.java]
Branch Statement - break Statement
To move control to the out of the block From of break statement
break [label] ;
int i = 1; while (true) { if (i == 3) break; System.out.println("This is a " + i + " iteration"); ++i; }
[BreakSt.java]
Branch Statement - break Statement
Label break statement
Can be used instead of goto statement Form of usage
labelName : Rep. St. 1 { Rep. St. 2 { // . . . break; // . . . break labelName; } // . . . }
Branch Statement continue Statement
To move control to the start of next repeatation From of continue statement
continue [Label] ;
When used in for statement
for (i=0; i<=5; ++i) { if (i % 2 == 0) continue; System.out.println("This is a " + i + " iteration"); }
Branch Statement continue Statement
When used in while statement
i = 0; while (i <= 5) { ++i; if (i % 2) == 0) continue; System.out.println("This is a odd iteration - " + i); }
[ContinueSt.java]
Branch Statement continue Statement
Label continue statement
labelName: Rep. St. 1 { Rep. St. 2 { // ... continue; // ... continue labelName; } }
[LabeledContinue.java]
Branch Statement return Statement
To terminate the execution of method, then pass the method of caller that control Forms of return statement
return; return <expr.>;
[ReturnSt.java]
Standard I/O
Method of input / output to standard file assigned by system
Standard Input / Output
Key Board Screen
Standard Input File : in Standard Output File : out Standard Error File : err
Standard Input / Output
Primitive Package of Java : java.io provides standard I/O Standard Input Method :
System.in.read()
Read a character from keyboard and return the integer type for that code value.
Standard Output Method :
System.out.print(), System.out.println(), System.out.write()
[SimpleIO.java], [CopyInputToOutput.java]
