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Spark Ignition Engine Cycle Calculations

The document summarizes the basic equations used to calculate the thermodynamic cycle of a spark ignition engine. It outlines the stoichiometric reaction for hydrocarbon fuel combustion, defines the mixture properties, and derives equations for the changes in internal energy, work, and pressure during the adiabatic compression stroke of the cycle based on the first law of thermodynamics. Key equations presented include the ideal gas law, the relationship between internal energy and temperature for an ideal gas mixture, and the equation used to calculate the pressure change from the initial to final states of the compression stroke.

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82 views4 pages

Spark Ignition Engine Cycle Calculations

The document summarizes the basic equations used to calculate the thermodynamic cycle of a spark ignition engine. It outlines the stoichiometric reaction for hydrocarbon fuel combustion, defines the mixture properties, and derives equations for the changes in internal energy, work, and pressure during the adiabatic compression stroke of the cycle based on the first law of thermodynamics. Key equations presented include the ideal gas law, the relationship between internal energy and temperature for an ideal gas mixture, and the equation used to calculate the pressure change from the initial to final states of the compression stroke.

Uploaded by

eng.eissa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spark ignition engine cycle calculations

V
P
E
op
E
oR
E
T
Reactants
Products
C
B
D
A
A
D
B
C
Pressure/volume diagram
Internal energy /temperature diagram
Cycle calculations
The basic equations are used to solve the cycle:

the basic stochiometric equation for hydrocarbon-air reaction is:


The stoichiometric fuel/air ratio is :




For the mixture of equivalence ,we have:



Then the total number of moles M
A
of the mixture is :
(1)

The magnitude of w is obtained from the ideal gas equation for the mixture :
(2)
2 2 2 2 2
( ) 3.76( ) 3.76( )
4 4 2 4
n m
m m m m
C H n O n N nCO H O n N + + + + = + + +
2 2
( ) 3.76( )
4 4
n m
C H
m m
n O n N + + +
2 2
1 1
( ) 3.76( )
4 4
n m
m m
C H n O n N
o o
+ + + +
1
(1 4.76( ) )
4
A
m
M w n
o
= + +
A A A mol A
P V M R T =
Adiabatic Compression:

Consider a small change in volume V
1
to V
2
, the first low for the change is :


Since the process is adiabatic , dQ=0 , we have :

(3)
For change in pressure from p1 to p2 the work dW is approximately :

(4)

The internal energy change is dE ,which is given by:

(5)

If E
R
is the internal energy of the reactants ,then:
E
R
=E
OR
+E
R
(T)
and the internal energy for the reactants at absolute zero E
OR
is :

dQ dW dE =
0 dE dW + =
1 2
2
( )( )
2
P P
dw pdV V V
+
= =
2 1
dE E E =
2 2
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 3.76( ) ( )
4 4
OR O n m O O
m m
E w e C H n e O n e N
o o

= + + + +



Then E
R
(T) for mixture is given by :

(6)

The internal energy change E
2
-E
1
is then :

(7)

composition constant Since for a mixture of


For a change in state from V
1
to V
2
,the first law (3) is thus :

(8)

substituting for E
2
-E
1
and dW ,we obtain:

(9)
We can get the magnitude of P
2
from :



(10)

2 2
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3.76( ) ( )
4 4
n m
R C H O N
m m
E T w e T n e T n e T
o o

= + + + +


2 1 2 1
( ) ( )
R R
E E E T E T =
| | | |
2 1
OR OR
E E =
2 1
0 E E dW + =
| |
2 1
2 1 2 1
( ) ( ) 0
2
R R
P P
E T E T V V
+

+ =


1 2
2 1
2 1
V T
P P
V T

=

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