Scribd
Upload
135 views

Computer Components

The system unit contains electronic components that process data, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots for adapter cards, ports and connectors for peripherals, and bays for installing drives and other equipment. The processor interprets and executes instructions using a control unit and arithmetic logic unit, and can contain multiple processing cores. Memory, including RAM and ROM, is used to store instructions, data, and results and is measured in bytes grouped into kilobytes, megabytes, and larger units.

Uploaded by

dilaways
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
135 views

Computer Components

The system unit contains electronic components that process data, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots for adapter cards, ports and connectors for peripherals, and bays for installing drives and other equipment. The processor interprets and executes instructions using a control unit and arithmetic logic unit, and can contain multiple processing cores. Memory, including RAM and ROM, is used to store instructions, data, and results and is measured in bytes grouped into kilobytes, megabytes, and larger units.

Uploaded by

dilaways
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

The System Unit

The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

The System Unit


The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:
Drive bay(s) Power supply Sound card Video card Processor Memory
2

The System Unit


The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit
A computer chip contains integrated circuits

Processor
The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Multi-core processor

Dual-core processor

Quad-core processor
4

Processor

Processor
The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Processor
For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle

Processor
Most current personal computers support pipelining
Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction

Processor

The processor contains registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations
The pace of the system clock is called the clock speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
9

Processor
A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up Require additional cooling
Heat sinks Liquid cooling technology

10

Processor
Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task
Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors

11

Data Representation
Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality
Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off
Most computers are digital The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1) Bits and bytes
12

Data Representation
A computer circuit represents the 0 or the 1 electronically by the presence or absence of an electrical charge Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte. A byte represents a single character in the computer

13

Data Representation
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely used coding scheme to represent data

14

Memory
Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data Stores three basic categories of items:
The operating system and other system software

Application programs

Data being processed and the resulting information


15

Memory
Each location in memory has an address Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

16

Memory
The system unit contains two types of memory:

Volatile memory
Loses its contents when power is turned off

Nonvolatile memory
Does not lose contents when power is removed Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
17

Example includes RAM

Memory
Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)

18

Memory
RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots

19

Memory
Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

20

Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
Firmware

A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently
EEPROM can be erased

21

Memory
Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten
CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes little power

22

Memory
Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory
Measured in nanoseconds

23

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards


An expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card An adapter card enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals
Sound card and video card

24

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards


With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them

25

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards


Removable flash memory includes:
Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC Cards/ExpressCard modules

26

Ports and Connectors

A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack) A connector joins a cable to a port

27

Ports and Connectors

28

Ports and Connectors


A USB port can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector
You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a USB hub

29

Buses
A bus allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other
Data bus Address bus

Word size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time
30

Bays
A bay is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment
A drive bay typically holds disk drives

31

Power Supply
The power supply converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power Some external peripherals have an AC adapter, which is an external power supply
32

You might also like