MINS298c
ABAP/4 Programming
Introduction to Data Types Chapter 4
Fall 1998
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Overview
Introduction Declaration
Data Types
elementary complex
Working with Data Types
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Data Objects
Data Object
Fixed
Variable
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Data Objects
Data Object
Fixed
Variable
Literals
Constants
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Fixed Data Objects
(Constants and Literals)
CONSTANTS: company_name(3) type c value SAP.
Literals are inside quotes
WRITE: Happiness is SAP.
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Hierarchy
Variable Data Objects
Table Record Field
Table is made up of Records(s) is made up of have a structure Field(s) is made up of characters have a type
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Fields are Variables
may be declared at any point within the program may use up to 30 characters in name
may use hyphen, but prefer dash for readability
may not use an ABAP reserved word follow rules of scope definition
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Normal Scope
Line 1 2 Program DATA A, B, C Write A Write F Form DATA X, Y, Z Write A Write F Form DATA D, E, F Write A Write F
3 4
According to normal rules of scope, which Write statements are legal and which are not?
5 6
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Data Types
Pre-defined (p,i,f,c,n,d,t,x)
User defined
Elementary
Structured
Structured type
Table type
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Data Types
Pre-defined (p,i,f,c,n,d,t,x)
User defined
Elementary
Structured
Structured type
Table type
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Pre-defined Types
(with default length and value)
Character
Default 1 1 4 8 8 8 6 1 space 0 0 0 0.0 000000 00
Justify left left right right right left left
c n Numbers
i p f
Date (d) Time (t) Hexadecimal (x)
00000000 left
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Data Types
Pre-defined (p,i,f,c,n,d,t,x)
User defined
Elementary
Structured
Structured type
Table type
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Three Ways to Declare Types
pre-defined elementary types non-elementary types
existing fields
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Types and Data Statement
DATA var[(length)] [TYPE type] [DECIMALS num] [VALUE init]
TYPES BEGIN OF rec-name [fieldname]
END OF rec-name
DATA var LIKE table-field [VALUE init]
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Similar Declarations
Data: customer_name(25) type c, vendor_name(25) type c.
TYPES name(25) type c. DATA: customer_name type name,
vendor_name type name.
DATA: customer_name(25) type c, vendor_name LIKE customer_name.
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What are the defaults here?
What are the default type and length of flag and of my_number?
DATA: flag, my_number.
What is contained in c_alpha and n_alpha?
DATA: c_alpha(3) type c value 5,
n_alpha(3) type n value 5.
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Character: C vs N
C = justifies left and has trailing blanks N = justifies right and has leading zeroes
What happens with:
DATA: var-1(4) type c value 1234, var-2(4) type n value 1234. WRITE:/ var-1, var-2.
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What are the defaults here?
What is contained in c_alpha and n_alpha?
DATA: c_alpha(3) type c value 5,
n_alpha(3) type n value 5.
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Numbers
i - cannot have explicit length
p - 15 digits, can explicitly define decimal places
DATA Dollars TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
f - handles exponential, subject to rounding errors sometimes (1.0/3.0)*3.0 is not 1.0
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Dates and Times
Date = d stored as YYYYMMDD with initial value of 00000000
Time = t stored as HHMMSS with 000000
Why store in this format?
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Which is easier to sort?
01/01/58 01/20/58 19580101 19580120
01/01/60
12/01/97 01/20/00
19600101
19971201 20000120
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Computations on Dates
DATA my_date LIKE sy-datum. MOVE 19580420 to my_date.
my_date = my_date - 1.
Write:\ my_date.
Displays 19580419
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Offset and Length Format
One may address sub-parts of elementary data objects by specifying the offset and length !!!
MOVE sy-datum+6(2) to hold_day
1 9
sy-datum(0)
8 0
sy-datum(6)
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Parameter Statement
Parameter statement creates a set of variable fields which are presented to the user for input on the selection screen. PARAMETERS var TYPE type [DEFAULT value]
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Data Types
Pre-defined (p,i,f,c,n,d,t,x)
User defined
Elementary
Structured
Structured type
Table type
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Records
records or structures are called field strings in ABAP use BEGIN OF and END OF
nesting is allowed
use TYPES command
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Field String Types
TYPES : BEGIN OF ADDRESS, street(20) type c, city(20) type c, state(10) type c, zip type I, END OF ADDRESS.
How large (in characters) is the record ADDRESS?
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Using Field String Types
TYPES : BEGIN OF ADDRESS, street(20) type c, city(20) type c,
state(10) type c,
zip type I, END OF ADDRESS.
DATA: Old_Address TYPE Address,
New_Address TYPE Address.
MOVE Old_Address to New_Address.
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Using Field String Types
TYPES : BEGIN OF ADDRESS, street(20) type c, city(20) type c,
Old_Address Street City State Zip
state(10) type c,
zip type I, END OF ADDRESS. DATA: Old_Address TYPE Address, New_Address TYPE Address.
Old_Address-Zip Old_Address-City
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Data Types
Pre-defined (p,i,f,c,n,d,t,x)
User defined
Elementary
Structured
Structured type
Table type
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Creating Tables
Use the occurs statement not necessary to identify the amount, may use zero (0).
Format
TYPES tablename TYPE type OCCURS 0. Example TYPES Address_Table TYPE ADDRESS OCCURS 0.
Really creates the structure which will be allocated and maintained dynamically.
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Declarative Statements
DATA TYPE
CONSTANTS
PARAMETERS
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Assignments
Create program(s) to
demonstrate the justification difference between the n and c types determine whether or not our system has a rounding error in the fixed point arithmetic
find the difference between the current date and your birthday
prove that one day before 01/01/98 is 12/31/97 using the ABAP date types
use the parameter statement to interactively ask for two dates and display the difference between them.
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