Lesson 03: Computer Lab Management

LEARNING AREA : Computer Parts & Components

LEARNING OUTCOMES :
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to: 1. Identify the components of a system unit: Input/Output port (I/O port), Reset button, CDROM drive, Floppy drive, Hard disk drive 2. State the functions of the main components of a system unit. 3. State the functions of CPU, RAM, ROM and expansion slots found on the motherboard.

4. Inculcate values of responsibility and cooperation among the pupils. 5. State the definition of peripheral. 6. Identify different types of peripherals: Input devices, Output devices, Storage devices 7. State examples of different types of peripherals: Printers, Scanners, LCD projectors, Digital cameras , External CD drives, External storages.

8. Explain the functions of each peripheral. 9. Identify input devices 10.List input devices 11. State the respective functions of input devices 12. Identify output devices 13. List output devices 14. State the respective functions of output devices 15. Identify storage devices

16. List storage devices 17. State the functions of storage devices 18. State the units for data measurement: Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte & Gigabyte 19. Inculcate values of responsibility, accountability and cooperation

System Unit

Examples of System Unit

System Unit
Box-like case that contains computers electronic components. Sometimes called the chassis

Inside View Of System Unit

Front View of a System Unit

DVD-ROM drive CD-ROM/CD-RW drive Zip drive Empty drive bay Floppy disk drive Power button Reset button

Functions Of The Main Components Of A System Unit

Input/Output port (I/O port) A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to a system unit.

Power button

To start on computer

Reset button

Motherboard

Kick of soft boot, instructing the computer to go through the process of shutting down. Main circuit board of the system unit, which has some electronic components attached to it and others built into it.

Power Supply

Convert standard electrical power into the form that computer can use.

DVD-ROM drive

A device that reads DVD-ROM, also can read audio CDs, CDROMSs, CD-Rs and CD-RWs.

CD-ROM drive

A device that reads audio CDs, CDROMs, CD-Rs and CD-RWs.

It is a combination drive that reads DVD and CD media, it also writes to CD-RW media. This drive also allows watching a DVD or burn a CD.

DVD/CD-RW drive

Zip drive

Floppy drive

Hard disk drive

A high-capacity disk drive that reads from and writes on a Zip disk. A device that reads from and writes on a floppy disk Type of storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that store data, instructions and information.

Layout Of A Motherboard
Slot RAM

Expansion slots

Functions Of The Components Of The Motherboard

a microprocessor. It is an integrated circuit chip that is capable of processing electronic signals.
CPU

A computer uses RAM to hold temporary instructions and data needed to complete tasks. It can only be stored by the manufacturer; it cannot be changed.

RAM & ROM

Expansion Slots

Expansion slots are the sockets where the circuit boards or the adapter cards can be inserted into the motherboard.

PERIPHERALS

Definition of peripheral

Peripheral Device
External hardware devices attached to the computer are called peripheral devices

There are three types of peripheral devices :

Input devices
Output devices Storage devices

Input Devices

Identify input devices

A keyboard is an example of input device for text input.

A scanner is an example of input device for graphical as well as text input.

A microphone is an example of input device for audio input A webcam is an example of an input device for video input. A mouse is also an input device but it is called a pointing device used to input data into a computer.

Functions of input devices

a) Input Devices for Texts
Keyboard Virtual Keyboard

Optical Reader and Bar Code Reader

Enter data such as text and commands into a computer.

You can press the keys of a virtual keyboard on the screen.

a light source to read characters, marks and codes .

b) Input Devices for Graphics

Scanner Digital Camera

captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages and similar sources for computer editing and display.

A digital camera allows you to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally.

c) Input Devices for Audio

Microphone Midi Keyboard

Audio input is the speech, music and sound effects entered into the computer.

d) Input Devices for Video

CCTV

Webcam

Video Camera

CCTV is a type of digital video camera that enables a home or small business user to capture video and still images.

A webcam is a video camera that displays its output on a web page.

A digital video camera allows you to record full motion and store the captured motion digitally.

d) Pointing Devices
Mouse
Track Ball Graphics Tablets Touch Screen

A pointing device is another form of input device. Pointing devices such as a mouse, trackball, graphics tablet and touch screen are used to input spatial data into the computer.

Output Devices
An output device is hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to one or more users. An output device displays, prints and presents the results of a computers work.

Types of Output Devices

A display device is an output device that visually conveys texts, graphics and video information.

A monitor is an example of an output device that can be used to display text. It can also display graphics and video. It is similar to a television set that accepts video signals from a computer and displays information on its screen.

A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector uses its own light source to project what is displayed on the computer on a wall or projection screen. A digital light processing (DLP) projector uses tiny mirrors to reflect light which can be seen clearly in a well-lit room.

A printer is an output device that prints text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film.

A photo printer is a colour printer that produces photo quality pictures. An image setter produces high quality output compared to an ordinary laser printer. An image setter is a high resolution output device that can transfer electronic text and graphics directly to film, plates or photosensitive paper.

An audio output device produces music, speech, or other sounds. A pair of speakers is an audio output device that generates sound. The headphone is a pair of small speakers placed over the ears and plugged into a port on the sound card. A woofer or subwoofer issued to boost the low bass sound and is connected to the port on the sound card.

speaker

headphone

woofer

STORAGE DEVICES

What is computer storage??

Computer storage is the storing of data in an electromagnetic form to be accessed by a computer processor.

HARD DISK

PEN DRIVE

DISKETTE

CD-ROM

Types of Computer Storage

Two types of Computer Storage:
(i) Primary storage (ii) Secondary Storage

Types of Computer Storage

(i) Primary storage
The main memory in a computer. It stores data and programs that can be accessed directly by the processor.

Types Of Primary Storage

Two types of primary storage which are:

RAM

ROM

(ii) Secondary Storage

is another alternative storage to save your work and documents. It is non-volatile. It will store the information until it is erased.

Types Of Secondary Storage:

MAGNETIC MEDIUM OPTICAL MEDIUM FLASH MEMORY

(1) Magnetic Medium

a non-volatile storage medium. The devices use disks that are coated with magnetically sensitive material.

 Examples of magnetic storage are: (i) magnetic disk: - a diskette, used for off-line storage - hard disk, used for secondary storage

DISKETTE

HARD DISK

(ii) magnetic tape:

video cassette audio storage reel-to-reel tape
VIDEO CASSETTE

REAL-TO REAL TAPE

(2) Optical Medium

is a non-volatile storage media , holds content in digital form that are written and read by laser. Examples: CDs and DVDs.
CD

3) Flash Memory
is a solid-state, nonvolatile, rewritable memory. also called USB drive. Example: Flash memory cards, flash memory sticks & thumb drive.

THUMB DRIVE

MEMORY CARD

Units for Data Measurement

Bit Byte Kilobyte (KB) Megabyte (MB) Gigabyte (GB)

Basic terminology: 8 Bits = 1 Byte 1024 Byte = 1 KB 1,048,576 Bytes = 1024 KB = 1 MB 1,073,741,824 Bytes = 1024 MB = 1 GB