HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Ar. Maria Lourdes Rigunay, UAP
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
A record of mans effort to build beautifully.
Traces the origin, growth, and decline of architectural styles which had prevailed in countries and ages. Architecture provides a direct means of expressing views of different cultures about the structure of the world.
Architecture is the great book of mankind, man's primary means to express the various stages of his development, whether by power or spirit.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Buildings have significance and they pass messages, just as our clothing or the interior design of our homes pass on messages about our personalities
HISTORIC STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
Particular method
Characteristics
Manner of design prevalent at a certain place and time
Historical period is the particular time in the history of man that a certain style was prevalent.
INFLUENCING FACTORS
There are general influencing factors of a particular design of a building
From planning, to walling, columns, opening as in doors and windows, roofing, mouldings, and ornaments.
The following are THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE HISTORIC STYLES in architecture:
Geography
Geology
Climate Social and Political
Religion
History
GEOLOGY
Describes the materials found in the locality.
Materials like stone, trees, reeds, bamboo, clay for bricks, marble, metal, etc, influence the character of the buildings.
Describes the character and composition of the earth and the contour of the ground and how it affects the structure of that place and time.
GEOGRAPHY
Pinpoints the location of a particular country.
Describes where it is: whether near the sea, on an island, on mountains, deserts and other places in the globe.
CLIMATE
Climate is the prevailing weather in the country.
A country with much sunshine or little rain, or if there are winters with much snow has varying types of architectural styles.
RELIGION
The emotional temperament and spiritual tendencies of the people in a particular country. If they are pagan, they would build temples for numerous gods; if they are Christians, they build churches with altars; if they are Muslims they build mosque.
HISTORY
The background of the people as a whole.
If a country has a history of continuous wars, they would have built fortified structures and much of their old buildings have been ruined and new structures built.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
How the people lived and are governed.
Hostile people would be warlike, friendly people would be peace loving.
Countries ruled by kings build castles while democratic countries build government buildings.
Appreciate the history of a particular culture and USE IT AS A GUIDE and CATALYST TO A NEW BEGINNING.
EMBRACE CULTURE AS A BASIS. CULTURE REFLECTS HISTORY.
Historic and traditional architecture can teach techniques.
Study, analyze, determine the BASIC ELEMENTS AND RULES that made the architecture effective.
Evolve and improve upon these techniques to COME UP WITH BETTER DESIGNS.
IMPROVE THE
QUALITY OF DESIGN.
TIMELINE
History of Architecture
The construction of buildings reflects the scientific, religious, social and philosophical worldview of each period.
SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS
Temples and churches
Religious faith was dominant in human life
Royal palaces
Increased importance of the rulers
Skyscrapers
Economic power.
Old Stone Age
Summeria
Pre- historic Architecture New Stone Age Ancient Near East Mesopotamia Ancient Egypt (3050-900 BC)
Bronze or Iron Age
Babylonia
Classical Architecture (850-476 AD) Ancient Greek Ancient Rome Early Christian Architecture (373-500 AD) Byzantine Architecture (5th century AD) Romanesque Architecture (500-1200 AD) Gothic Architecture (1100-1450 AD)
Renaissance Architecture (1400-1600) Baroque (1600-1830) Rococo (1650-1790) Return to Classicism Revivalism
Art Nouveau (1890-1914)
Beaux-Arts architecture (1895-1925) Early Modern architecture
Expressionist Art Deco (1925-1937) International Style (1900s)
Contemporary architecture (1900-present)
Modern Critical regionalism Postmodern Deconstructivist
REPEATING PHENOMENON
Oscillation between opposites:
Between rationalism and emotion
Imitation of nature and its absence Decoration and pure forms.
Classical Greek
Rational approach
Hellenistic
Emotion
Medieval churches
Cistercian order-stern and devoid of decorations Order of Cluny-rich in sculptural decorations.
Renaissance
Rational forms and harmonies
Baroque
Dynamic curving shapes, heavy male
Rococo
Light female
Neoclassicism
Conservative rational
Romantic style
Feeling of longing for all distant places and times
Modernist style
Universal uniform which strived to break from the past
Postmodernism and Deconstructivism
A pluralistic approach.
THANK YOU!
