Antenna & Antenna Line
Presented by1/15/2013 Tech vidhya
K Chandra
Antenna
Antenna is a transducer . It converts a form of electrical energy into electromagnetic energy & vise versa.
In mobility, we use pannel antennas .
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Panel Antenna
Panel antenna are basically composed of number of array antenna, so the actual internal design of the antenna is a long array antenna mounted on a vertical plane.
All of these are internally connected to each other
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Panel antenna
specification
Size or port - 7/8 female co-axial
port
Impedence - 50
Antenna port
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Manufacturer of panel antenna : 1. Kathrein (Germany)
2. Andrew (USA) 3. Kavveri (India)
Difference between kathrein & Andrew antenna :
Kathrein Antenna
Port will be at the bottom of antenna Knob is present to adjust electrical tilt Size of clamp 3 inch
Andrew Antenna
Port can also be at the back side of antenna Hook is present to adjust electrical tilt Size of clamp 5 inch
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Classification of Antenna
According to frequency band
According to number of ports
According to antenna polarization
According to beam width According to direction of radiation.
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According to frequency band
Single band antenna :
These antennas can support only one frequency
band. Example : GSM 800, GSM 900, GSM 1800 , GSM 1900, CDMA 800, CDMA 1900, UMTS 850, UMTS 2100
Dual band antenna :
These antennas can support any two frequency band of same technology or it can also support two different technology. Example : GSM 900 GSM 1800 , GSM 900 CDMA 800 . band antenna : Triple These antennas can support any three frequency band of same technology or it can also support three different technology. Example : In some locations, Reliance have GSM, 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya CDMA & 3G license, in those locations, Reliance can use
According to number of port :
Single port antenna
Dual port antenna
Quard port Hex/six port antenna antenna NOTE All ports are 7/8 female co -axial port 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya
According to antenna polariozation : Single polarized antenna
:
polarized at +45 or -45
be +45
it may be
if one port is +45 ,
then other port must
+45 or -45
+45/-45 +45/-45
Dual polarized antenna :
45
45
45
Note- What ever the concept in dual port is same in quard & hex port 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 9 antenna.
Cross polarized antenna : Single port antenna can never be a cross polarized
antenna. Dual port antenna can be a cross polarized antenna, in which if one port is -45 polarized, then other port must be +45 polarized.
-45
+45
Note Now a days, mostly dual port cross polarized antenna
is in use to achieve polarization diversity. Normaly polarization angle of most of the antenna is
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According to Beamwidth :
45 65 : Mostly we use 65 beamwidth antenna. 75 90 120 180 360 : Used for Inbuild solution (IBS) site.
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According to direction of radiation : 1. Omni directional
antenna : directional antenna provide 360 courage. Omni
These antenna can be used in IBS site. Used in those locations, where we require to cover large courage area with minimum number of subscribers. Example In desert area.
2. Uni-directional antenna : Uni-directional antenna can cover only one
direction. These are the most common antennas used in mobile sector with 65 beamwidth.
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3. Bi-directional antenna :
Bi-directional antenna can cover two directions. These antennas can be used in those area, where number of users are less. Can be used near highway. It radiates in two directions with 65 beamwidth.
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Tilt
Inclination of antenna,
Inclination may be upwards or downwards.
Mechanical Ti l t
Up tilt Down tilt By using mechanical tilt, We can achieve 0-15 tilt, It may be an Up tilt or Down tilt.
Electrical Ti l t
Down tilt
By using electrical tilt, We can achieve 010 Down tilt only.
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Mechanical tilt
Mechanical tilt
arrangement
Down tilt
Up tilt
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Electrical tilt
Input Signal
Electrical down tilt can be fixed or switchable.
Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer.
Switchable allows adjustment in a certain lever on the rear
of the antenna.
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Antenna Line
Rf cable to O/D jumper cable connector Earthing kit Rf cable Cable tray Bend in Rf cable Rf clamp
Antenn a
O/D jumper cable Earthing kit,
I/D jumper to Rf cable connector I/D jumper cable
250 mm
Connected to towe body
Roxtec
2.75 m
EG B IGB
BTS
3m
2.75m
250mm
Pendula m
Earthing pits
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Feeder Cable
It is a specially designed co-axial cable having impedence 50 . Outer core - Pure cu & it is hollow cylindrical tube Soft insulation - Made up of foam kind of white material Inner core - Pure cu cylindrical tube , size inch Hard outer insulation - Black colour carbon Copper feeder cable
material
Soft insulation - Made up of foam kind of white core - Pure cu cylindrical tube & tube is Inner
filled with soft insulation Outer core Made up of Aluminium with silver foil Hard outer insulation - Black colour carbon Aluminium feeder
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Feeder connector
Rf connector is used to connect Rf cable to antenna port & Rf cable to BTS.
RF CONCT R RF connector N-M
J C
Male Rf connector : Always contain
threading inside
threadin g Female Rf connector : Always contain threading
outside
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Jumper cable
It is used to reduce bending losses i.e power losses.
inch Jumper cable
Outdoor Jumper cable
Most of the case, it can be 3m length.
Indoor Jumper cable
Mostly it is of 1m or 1.5m length ( indoor jumper cable are used inside the 1/15/2013 20 shelter ) Tech vidhya
Jumper cable
specification : of copper & Aluminium alloy. Inner core : Made up
Soft insulation : Made up of soft foam kind of
material.
Outer core : Made up of pure cu cylindrical tube. Outer insulation : Hard black colour carbon
material
Size of outer core is inch Impedence is 50 . NOTE :
Cable loss of jumper cable is higher than the cable loss of feeder cable. Bending loss of jumper cable is quite lesser than bending loss of 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 21 feeder cable
Combination of connector available in Jumper cable :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7/8 F 7/8 M 7/8 M 7/8 M 7/8 F 7/8 F 7/8 M 7/8 L.M 7/8 M -7/8 L.M
Apart from these some more arrangements L - type male connector are 1. 2. 3. 4. 7/8 M 7/16 M 7/8 M 7/16 F 7/8 F 7/16 M 7/8 F 7/16 F
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Three different standards to
route Jumper cable from antenna port to cable tray :
U-shape loop
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Circular loop
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Earthing kit :
Earthing kit is used to protect equipments from high power. Lug : made of cu , size 10sq mm Length of the earthing cable is 0.5m Earthing cable is made up of cu, size
10sq mm & colour of earthing cable is black Cu strip : Made up of copper
Lug
( Ring and Pin Type)
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Standard procedure to route the
earthing cable of the earthing kit :
Direction of earthing cable should be towards ground. Earthing cable should be route along with the same feeder cable by using cable ties. Earthing cable should be straight routed towards the ground. Earthing cable should be properly terminated with either EGB or tower body. Earthing cable should be individually terminated with EGB.
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Surge arrestor :
Surge arrestor is used to protect equipments from high power, if high power is coming from Rf cable, surge arrestor provide alternative path for that high power, this high power is then grounded through IGB & EGB.
Surge
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Jumper cable
Surge arrestor
Rf cable
IGB
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Grounding cable 27
Rf clamp / Feeder clamp :
Rf clamp is used to lay the Rf cables in proper way, such that the cable may not get damaged with wind pressure & other external sources.
One way Rf clamp Two way Rf clamp Three way Rf clamp
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Six way Rf clamp
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Dummy Rf clamp :
Dummy Rf clamp is used for better routing of Rf cable with minimum bending losses.
Rf cable Dummy Rf clamp
VCT
NOTE
HCT
By using dummy Rf clamp properly, we can achieve sharp 300mm bending radius.
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Roxtec / hatch plate / feeder entry / WFT (Wall feed tray)
(7/8 Boots & Boot)
WFT
7/8 Boot
1/2
Boot
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Wood Screws
(for installation of WFT)
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Outdoor earthing near shelter
Roxtec
Rf cables
S-loop Outdoor EGB for EMP grounding
Shelter
Grounding cable
Earthing pit
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Weather proofing kit :
It is a material used to provide insulation to the connections in outer antenna line .
PVC tape (1st
layer)
Butyl tape (2nd layer)
Rubber tape (3rd
layer)
PVC tape (4th
layer)
Cable ties
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Weather proofing kit :
The Jumper to Feeder Connections, Earthing Kit on Feeder Connections are properly weatherproofed. The Weatherproofing is done in Four Windings. The last winding of the PVC tape must be wound upward so as to keep the edges downward which would be opposite to the direction of Water flow to avoid loosing of the Weatherproof during Rains.
PVC Tape Butyl Tape
PVC Tape.
Rubber Tape
(Inner to Outer Weather proofing Layers)
Proper Weather Proofing along with 3 Cable Ties
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Cable ties
All cable ties are tied in same direction Cable ties cutted smoothly by tie cutter means edges of cable tie should be smoothly
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LABELING OF CABLES &
INSTRUCTION
Labeling of cables , fuses should be made on both end of cable. Labels should be visible .
Labels should be tied with cable ties.
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