GSM Architecture

Objectives
At the end of the module the student is able to: Name the three subsystems of GSM List eight different network elements (generic architecture) and name at least one task per element Name two differences between the generic GSM network architecture and the Nokia implementation. Name two advantages with the DX 200 platform's modularity and distributed processing List three different types of Nokia BTSs without using any references.
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Mobile subscriber
Where is the subscriber

Who is the subscriber

What does the subscriber want Information about the subscriber
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GSM PLMN Organisation

Air A
Network Switching Subsystem Switching Mobility Management Connection Management Charging

MS

BSS NMS

NSS
O&M

Base Station Subsystem Radio Resource Management Radio Link Management

Network Management System Fault Management Configuration Management Performance Management

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Network Management Subsystem

MSC GMSC VLR HLR EIR AC

AC EIR HLR

Mobile services Switching Centr Gateway MSC Visitor Location Register Home Location Register Equipment Identity Register Authentication Centre

HLR

VLR

GMSC
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MSC

Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)

MSC
Call control Mobility management Initiation of paging Collection of changing information often associated with VLR

GMSC
Call control Interrogation of HLR Collection of changing information often used for interworking with external networks

NOKIA

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Registers in the NSS

VLR
Identification numbers of subscribers Security information Services that the subscriber can use

HLR
Subscriber Profile Routing Information

EIR
Lists for Mobile Equipment (ME) checks

AC
Data for authentication (SIM) and ciphering

NOKIA

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Base Station Subsystem

BSC
TC

BTS BTS

BSC
TC

BTS

Elements: Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), and Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU, TC) Functions: Radio path control, BTS and TC control, synchronisation with MSC Air and A interface signalling, connection establishment MS-NSS Mobility management, speech transcoding
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Base Station Controller (BSC)

BSC

Connection establishment between the MS and the NSS

Mobility management Statistical raw data collection Air- and A-interface signalling support BTS and TRAU Control

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Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Air interface signalling Ciphering Speech processing (channel coding, interleaving, and burst
formatting) Generation of alarms and statistics Baseband/Radio frequency transformation
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Speech Flow in BSS

Speech, 64 kbps MSC TRAU 13kbit/s compression TRAU BTS Channel Coding = redundancy 22.8kbit/s

Interleaving and ciphering

Air Interface 22.8kbit/s 33.8kbit/s GMSK modulation TDMA burst formatting

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Omnidirctional and Sectorised Cells

f1,f2, f3 BTS

BTS
f1 Omnidirectional BTS f1, f2

BTS
f2

2 sectorised BTS

f5, f6 BTS

BTS BTS f3, f4 3 sectorised BTS

f = carrier frequency band

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Position of the Transcoder

BSC
Transcoder and Submultiplexer (TCSM)

MSC
TC

TC
SM2M TC TC A ter Interface A ter Interface A Interface

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Network Management Subsystem (NMS/2000)

NMS/2000

BTS

Data Communications Network

DN2 BTS BSC HLR AC EIR MSC VLR

BTS

BTS
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SMSC

Functions of NMS (1)

Fault management Collection of alarm reports from network
elements. One point for managing all fault situations.

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Functions of NMS (2)

Configuration management Management of radio network configuration. Maintain up to date information on the network
element status.

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Functions of NMS (3)

Performance management Collection of measurement data from network
elements. Produce performance result from raw data.

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Interfaces
VLR

BSS

NSS
VLR EIR

D
HLR AC

B Um Abis
BT S BT S BSC
TC

Ater

(G)MSC

(G)MSC
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GSM network architecture

Base Station Subsystem
Mobile Stations
Base Station Controller

Network Management Subsystem

Database Server
Data Communication Network Workstations
Network Planning System Network Measurement System

Base Transceiver Stations

Communications Server

Network Switching Subsystem

Home Location Register/ Authentication Centre/ Equipment Identity Register TCP/IP Data Communications Server Transcoder Submultiplexer Voice mail Short Message Service Centre IN Service Control Point

Digital Cross Connect

Mobile Switching Centre/ Visitor Location Register

PSTN/ISDN

A-Interface

Air Interface

X.25 Interface

Abis Interface

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Generic GSM architecture

BSS - Base Station Subsystem OMC HLR

VLR
BTS BTS BSC MSC
IWF

EIR BSC
PSTN ISDN PSPDN

AC

BTS
BTS BTS

NSS - Network Subsystem NMS - Network Management System

Transcoder

MS Air Abis A

SC

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Nokia Implementation of GSM architecture

BSS - Base Station Subsystem BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS
DX 200 BSC PSTN ISDN PSPDN DX 200 TCSM

DX 200 MSC/VLR

DX 200 HLR/AC/EIR

NSS - Network Subsystem NSS Site

NMS / 2000 Network Management System

Air

Abis

SMSC

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Centralised CPU concept

Signalling towards subscribers Collecting dialled numbers Collecting charging data Hunting for a free circuit Making speech path connections Signalling towards other exchanges Analysing and subscriber data Supervising the running processes Collecting statistical data

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Distributed structure of the Nokia DX platform

Exchange
Signalling towards subscribers Signalling towards other exchanges

Computer units

Message bus
Collecting dialled numbers Collecting statistical data

Collecting charging data

Supervising the processes running

Making speech path connections

Hunting for a free circuit

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DX 200 MSC architecture

CDSU GS W
Group Switch

C LS

BSS
Base Station Subsystem

ET ECU

ET

PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network

TGFP
C NFC ET HLR
Home Location Register

VANG

X.25 to AdC (Adm inistrative Centre) 2n

PAU

CASU

LSU

IWCU

BSU

CCSU

BDCU

M B Message Bus

2n

2n

CCMU

CMU

CM

VLRU

STU

CHU

OMU I/O

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DX 200 HLR architecture

GSW
G roup S witch

CLS

ET

M SC
M o b il e - s e r v i c e s

X.25 to A dC

CCSU
M B M es sag e B u s 2n

BDCU

2n

EIRU

CM

HLRU

ACU

STU

OMU
I/O

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DX 200 BSC (2nd Gen.) architecture

G SWB
G r o u p S w i tc h

MSC (TC)
M o b i l e S e r v i c e s S w it c h i n g ( T ra n sc o d e r )

ET

ET

BTS
B a se T r a n sc e i v e r S t at io n

CLS

BCSU

MCMU

M M BM B M M e s s a s g a g ee BB us u ss MB e se s a g e B u

X .2 5

OMU I/O

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DX 200 capacities
Type GSW MSCi 048 MSC 600 000 150 000 600 000 150 000 16 700 8 600 1 024 2 Subscribers BHCA Erlangs

Compact MSCi 200 256

Transit MSCi 048 -

50 000
1 000 000

75 000
20 000

1
2

Transit MSC
HLRi HLR

1 200 000 300 000

450 000
-

8 900
-

1 024
512 32

BHCA=Busy Hour Call Attempts, 90 seconds call duration BSCE

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248 BTS and 256 TRX

(large configuration)

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NMS/2000 architecture
Workstations

LAN Servers

Router

Data Communications Network

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NMS connections
NMS/2000

BTS

Data Communications Network

DN2 BTS BSC HLR AC EIR MSC VLR

BTS

BTS
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SMSC

NetAct Framework
Workflow WorkflowManager Manager Planner Planner Configurator Configurator& & Provisioning Provisioning Monitor Monitor Service ServiceQuality Quality Manager Manager Common network typology Common WEB GUI Reporter Reporter Administrator Administrator 3rd 3rdParty PartyTools Tools Rating Rating& & Charging Charging

Unified UnifiedMediation Mediation and Adaptation and Adaptation

Network Network

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BTS architecture
Abis IF Air IF

AFE

Duplex filter TX RX 3db HYB DIVRX

L I F 1

L I F 2

L I F 3

STM

RRI
2M CC 2M CC

MCL O & M EAC

TX RX RFU BBM

TX RX RFU BBM

8k CC

8k CC

FQH

R-bus Q1-bus

TRUA
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BCF

TRX 1

TRX 2

D-bus F-bus

Nokia DE21/DF12 BTS

INDOOR Sectorized Mini OUTDOOR Streetlevel Rooftop

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Nokia Talk Family BTSs (DE/DF34)

Nokia Intratalk 6 TRX Nokia Citytalk 6 TRX Nokia Flexitalk 2 TRX Nokia Flexitalk+ 2 TRX Nokia Extratalk, Site Support System

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Nokia MetroSite Base Station for microcellular applications

1...4 TRX BTS Optimised output power Optimised sensitivity Receiver diversity Frequency hopping

Small and light-weight Shape chosen for hiding BTS Vertical and horizontal mounting Diverse integrated transmission accesses

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Flexible configurations of the Nokia MetroSite Base Station

Supports GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900 Dual Band (GSM 900/GSM 1800) support Number of GSM 900 and GSM 1800 TRXs can be freely selected Free sectorisation Omni and sectorised configurations Smooth step-by-step capacity expansion 1 TRX expansion steps Enables hot insertion of the TRXs Can be expanded to up to 12 TRXs by chaining three MetroSite BTS cabinets in the same physical site.
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Nokia MetroSite Base Station structure

Power supply unit Interface unit

Clear and well-defined architecture Modular mechanics:

cabinet mechanics and eight

plug-in units

minimized internal cabling.

Two level environmental protection:

the BTS is shielded against

Transmission unit Fan unit
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Transceiver units

water, snow and solid foreign objects by cover

EMC-shielded and weather

proof plug-in units.

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Nokia MetroSite Base Station mechanical characteristics

Size: 840 x 310 x 215 mm (H x W x D) Volume: 49 l Weight: 1 TRX BTS 2 TRX BTS 3 TRX BTS 4 TRX BTS 22 kg 26 kg 31 kg 35 kg

The heaviest single unit weighs eight kg (chassis) Vertical and horizontal mounting possible Wall and pole mounting

For indoor and outdoor installations

Climatic conditions: -40C ... +50 C Ingress Protection Class: IP55
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Nokia MetroSite Base Station summary

Designed especially for microcellular applications Compact 1-4 TRX BTS for indoor and outdoor use

Small and light-weight

Free configurable dual band Free sectorisation

Output power and sensitivity optimised for microcellular use

Versatile transmission options
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Core part of the Nokia MetroSite Capacity

Nokia UltraSite
The BTS of the future GSM 900/1800/1900 Indoor/outdoor versions Ready for HSCSD and GPRS Prepared for EDGE and WCDMA Up to 12 TRXs (GSM/EDGE) in one cabinet Up to 6 WCDMA carriers Chaining of cabinets possible for cell and site expansions Midi Indoor version with 6 TRXs GSM version with integrated WCDMA blocks also available

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Nokia UltraSite GSM Base Station Types

Outdoor
up to 12 TRXs 1840 x 770 x 750 mm (H x W x D)
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Indoor
up to 12 TRXs or 6 TRXs and 3 WCDMA carriers 1700 x 600 x 570 mm

Midi Indoor
up to 6 TRXs 1170 x 600 x 570 mm

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Structure of Nokia UltraSite GSM Base Station

Power Supply DC (0-3) AC (0-2) TRX BB units (1-6) TRX RF units GSM (0-12) EDGE GSM (0-12) Receiver Multicouplers 2-way (0-6) 6-way (0-2) Base Operations and Interface Unit (1) Transmission Units (1-4) FC E1/T1 FXC E1 FXC E1/T1 FXC RRI

Combiners & Duplex Filters Dual Duplex Unit (0-6) Wide Band Combiner (0-9) Remote Tune Combiner (0-2)

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Triple-Mode Nokia UltraSite EDGE Base Station

Up to 6 GSM/EDGE TRXs

6 GSM/EDGE TRXs

6 WCDMA carriers IBBU

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Review Questions to GSM Architecture

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Review
1. The three subsystems of GSM/DCS are:
a) b) c) d) NMS, PSTN, MS NMS, BSS, MS NSS, BSS, MS NSS, BSS, NMS .

2. Which two of the following network elements belong to the NSS?

a) b) c) d)
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Home Location Register Base Station Controller Mobile services Switching Centre Transcoder (Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit) .
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Review
3. Which of the following is not a task of the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)?
a) b) c) d) Identifying the calling subscriber Starting the location update procedure Sending charging data to the Billing Centre Paging a subscriber for mobile terminated calls

4. Which combination of the following best describes the Base Station Subsystem?
a) Base Station Controller, Transcoder, Base Transceiver Station b) Mobile Station, Base Station Controller, Base Transceiver Station c) Transcoder, Submultiplexer, Base Transceiver Station d) Base Station Controller, Base Transceiver Station,
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Review
5. The Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) is responsible for radio network control. is located between air- and A-interfaces. gets its synchronisation signal from the MSC. all of the above. transcoding submultiplexing speech coding authentication

6. Base Transceiver Station takes care of:

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Review
7. Please name the three main Network Management Subsystem function categories.
a) Performance management b) Configuration management c) Fault management

8. In the Nokia Implementation of the GSM network:

a) b) c) d) the transcoder is included as part of the MSC. the EIR is included as part of the MSC. the VLR is included as part of the MSC. the HLR is included as part of the MSC.

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Review
9. The following subsystem is entirely built on the Nokia DX 200 switching platform:
a) b) c) d) Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) Network Management Subsystem (NMS) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) None of the above.

10. The Authentication Centre is implemented as part of the: a) Billing Centre

b) Visitor Location Register c) Short Message Service Centre d) Home Location Register.

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Review
11. Which of the following is a feature of the DX 200 a) Distributed processing platform?
b) The ability to start with a minimum number of units and add on more later if and when required c) 2N and N+1 redundancies d) All of the above.

12. Distributed processing the DX 200 platform means: a) sharing tasks betweenin different network elements like
the MSC, the HLR and the BSC. b) sharing tasks between different functional units within one network element such as the BSC. c) using parallel processing techniques within one computer unit.
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Review
13. Which of the following is a task of the NMS/2000?
a) Controlling the inter-MSC handover b) Routing users calls c) Counting the number of inter-MSC handovers performed d) Taking automatic recovery actions after a fault occurs inmany the MSC. 14. How bits of PCM timeslots can the new GSWB

in the BSC switch at one time?

a) b) c) d) 1 2 4 8

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Review
15. What is the maximum number of GSM/EDGE transceivers that a Nokia UltraSite cabinet can have?
a) b) c) d) 12 6 4 2.

16. How many TRXs can a MetroSite base station

have? a) 1
b) c) d) e)
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2 3 4. Any of the above.

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