CABLE SUSPENDED ROOFS By J.C.
WASON
FORCES IN A CABLE
H = PULL
P/2
P/2
A CABLE IS A PURE TENSION STRUCTURAL MEMBER
H = PULL
FUNICULAR POLYGON
A CABLE IS A PURE TENSION STRUCTURAL MEMBER
H = PULL
FUNICULAR POLYGN
A CABLE IS A PURE TENSION STRUCTURAL MEMBER
H = PULL H
FUNICULAR POLYGN Shape of a suspended cable depends upon loads suspended from cable.
PARABOLIC
SAG
FUNICULAR
CURVE
CATEHARY SAG
P1
P5
P2 P3
P4
FUNICULAR CURVE
A SUSPENSION BRIDGE IS A CABLE SUPPORTED STRUCTURE
HANGERS BRIDGE DECK ANCHOR BLOCKS MAST
SUSPENION CABLES
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
COMPONENT PART S OF A SUSPENSION STRUCTURE : 1. 2. 3. 4. Structure (to be suspended) Cable (tension) Mast (Compression member) Uplift Anchorages
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CABLE SUPPORTED SYSTEMS :
ADVANTAGE : 1. Feasibility of large free areas 2. Shallower and more economical structure 3. Structural efficiency (cable Tension Member in steel.) :DISADVANTAGE : 1. Problem of Stability under strong winds
TRADITIONALLY SUPPORTED STRUCTURES :
In a Traditional Long Structure, the Structure is supported by the Vertical Supports
CABLE SUSPENDED SYTEMS : Cables
Mast
structure
In a Cable Suspended System, the Structure is supported by Cables
SOME TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR CABLE SUPPORTS SYSTEMS
Cable
Mast
Cables Mast
structure
structure
MASTS ARE SUPPORTING PIERS WHICH SUPPORTS THE CABLES AND TRANSFER REACTION OF CABLED TO GROUND
TYPES OF PERIMETER SUPPORT
CENTRAL SUPPORTS
SOME CABLE SUSPENDED STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS
Anchorage
Cables
Half plan
HALF PLAN
Mast
Cable structure
SUSPENDED ROOFS COVERING TOP FOOR OF BUILDING
CABLE SUSPENDED ROOF STIFTENING ARRANGE MENTS
Mast Cable
Mast Anchoring cables
L
Anchor Blocks
Cable
Anchor Blocks
CONVEX LENS- SHAPED CABLE TRUS
CABLE SUSPENDED ROOF STIFTENING ARRANGE MENTS
Mast Cable
Mast Anchoring cables Cable
L
Anchor Blocks Anchor Blocks
CONVEX LENS- SHAPED CABLE TRUSS
CABLE SUSPENDED ROOF STIFTENING ARRANGE MENTS
Diagonal strut Bearing member
Strut Tie/Anchorage
Stabilizing member
Anchor Blocks
Anchor Blocks
CONVEX LENS - SHAPED CABLE TRUSS
CABLE
SUSPENDED ROOFS SOME DUBLE LAYERED STIFFENED SYSTEMS
cables Ring beam
PLAN
CABLE SUSPENDED ROOFS SOME DUBLE LAYERED STIFFENED SYSTEMS
Strut cable Strut
Strut cable
CONVEX LENS SHAPED ROOF Twin ring Central cage beams
CONCAVE LENS SHAPED ROOF Twin ring beams
Central cage
cable Strut INTERMEDIATE TYPE LENS SHAPED ROOF COSS - SECTIONS
Edge member
Anchorage Secondary cable Primary cable
STABILIZATION THROUGH TRANSVERSE CABLES TIED TO GROUND
Edge member
Secondary cable
Primary cable
Vertical column
INCLINED ARCHES CROSSING EACH OTHER ABOVE THEIR BASES
INCLINED ARCHES CROSSING EACH OTHER ABOVE THEIR BASES
CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION ROOF
CABLE- SAYED SUSPENSION ROOF WRITH INTERMEDIATE SUPPORTS
BEAM STRING ROOF
CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION ROOF
CABLE- SAYED SUSPENSION ROOF WRITH INTERMEDIATE SUPPORTS
BEAM STRING ROOF
PRINCIPLES OF SPACE STRUCTURES
County, use, date completed Supermarket Athis,Mons, France Sport Hall, Sala, Sweden Exhibition Hall, Poznan, Poland Size, area
Shape
Structural Roof type cladding Cable Truss Cable Truss Cable Truss Cable Truss Cable Truss Light Weight Light Weight Light Weight Light Weight Light Weight
HT Steel in cable weight, kg/sp.m 2.78 4.88
43m Rectangular spam 43m Rectangular spam 43m Rectangular spam
2.59 2.98 5.22
Sports hall, 43m Rectangular Kerkrade, Germany spam Sport Palace, Helsinki, Finland 43m Rectangular spam
Industrial Building Pomezia, Italy
43m Rectangular spam
Cable Truss
Light Weight
2.69
SUSPENDED ROOF SUPPORTED BY INCLINED INTERCONNECTED ARCHES
WAVE FORMED MEMBRANE
ROOF
ANOTHER VERSION OF A PRESTRESSED SUPENDED ROOF
In chined arch
Support for cables
cables
Comprn ring
Vertical support for arch
ANOTHER VERSION OF PRESTRESSED SAUSPENDED ROOF
Comprn ring Tension ring Cables
BICYCLE WHEEL
Comprn ring
Cables
THREE WAY SUSPENDED ROOF
CASE STUDIES OF CABLE SUSPENDED SYSTEMS :
1. INDRA GANDHI INDOOR STADIUM, NEW DELHI
I.G . SPORT TADIUM, NEW DELHI Roof : Octagonal lotus shaped roof lower point 23m above G.L i. Central compression ring ii. Steel trusses in the segmental areas between main RCC column iii. Roof covering and insulation COMPRN RING : 37.5 m face to face lattice trusses octgonal in plan SECTING CAPACTY OF STADIUM 25000
FOUNDATION :Driven cast in sits piles, 400 to 500mm dia, 16 to 23m deep, capacity 70 to 110 tonnes
PARTITION :155 m long X 14m high in sulated partition to divide stdium in to two halve, visually and acoustically from each other. The lower 22m partition folds up vertically and retracts into I'm space to give a visually unhindered stadium. Partition folds up by a push of button in 7 minute time.
Add Text
SHADDLE
+40.00m +38.656m +35.30m
ANCHOR
CABLES
+35.45m
ROOF SLAB WITH ANCHOR BEAM
A.H.U ROOM FOR STADIUM
+23.30m
CONTROL ROOM FOR ALL ELECTRICAL
LOCATION OF MAIN OF A RING
+18.60m +14.25m
ENTRY TO STADIUM
+8.10m
INTERNAL STAIR CASE
FOYER LEVEL
SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF TOWER
SECTION OF PYLON I.G. STADIUM , NEW DELHI
+3.80m
PODIUM LEVEL
A.H.U ROOM FOR GROUND FLOOR
-0.25m -2.025m
GROUND LEVEL RETURN AIR DUCT
36
35 34 33 32 31 30
37
38 39 40 41
42 43 44 45 46 1 2
29
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Foldable partition
3 4 5 6 7
8
9 10 11 13 12 SEATING LEVEL PLAN
PUBLIC PLAZA NORTH
38 37
41 42 43 39 40 44
45 46 47
PUBLIC PLAZA EAST
36
35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26
VIP SEATS VIP SEATS
48
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SERVICE CORE SNACK COUNTER GENTS PUBLIC TOILET
LADIES PUBLIC TOILET
Foldable partition
25
24 23 22 21 20 19 18
PUBLIC PLAZA WEST
PUBLIC PLAZA SOUTH
11 12 13 14
2 0 4
8 12 16 20M
17 16 15
L.G. INDOOR SPORTS STADIUM FOYER LEVEL PLAN (AT 8.1 M)
SOME CABLE STRUCTURES 1. Raleigh Arena (1952) Covers 205FT X 295FT (90mx 90mx) area with a saddle shaped cable roof connected to two RCC catenary Arches, resisting compression. Arches crossed and deeply embedded. Arches supported by vertical col. of varying height. Roof formed by two group of cable, one curved upward and other curved do inward Intersection of cables forms a double anticlastic curvature. Hor thrust from cable is resisted by the tow inclined RCC arches.
2.
Municipal auditorium, New York, USA
Diameter : 73m (240FT) Based on bicycle wheel principle. uses to sets of cable, anchored to a 73m (240FT ) dia. RCC comprn ring & two steel tension rings , and are kept apart by pipe spreaders. Comprn ring supported by 24 rect. RCC cols paced at 150 apart. Each pair of upper and lower cable space at 50 apart. dist between upper & lower rings 6m (20FT). (span / depth rat10= 1/12). The tow seet of cables used den vibration. (the system also used for us pavilion at international binge at Brussels
2.
Yale university , hockey rink A double curyed roof surface supported at middle by a high arch concrete spine of Para bock and span72m (235ft). With additional 12m cantilevers at both ends. cables supported by RCC pine and two exterior wall deigned to take the lateral thrust from cable. RALAEIGH ARENA (1952) Cable suspended roof area covered = 90m x 90m. A saddle shaped cable roof connected to two RCC Catenary arches, resisting comprn arches on vertcal cols of varying height.
Cable roof farmed by two groups of cables one curved downward and other curved up ward, forming a surface of double anticlastic curvature. CABLE STAYED BRIDE :Specially suited in span range of 200- 500m cal though large pans also since constructed. Aesthatically appealing and economical in teel consumption. cable stayed bridge are highly indeterminate structure and need use of computers for rigorous analysis. Cable stayed bridges for long pans have become popular because of -
i. A variability of high strength steel for cables ii. Adoption of orthotropic deck using advanced welding technique iii. Use of computer for analysis MAIN COMPONT OF A CABLE TAYED BRIDGE i. Inclined cables ii. Tower ( or Pylons) iii. Orthotropic deck in teel & prestressed conc. Box girder deck
Compreion ring
Strut
SECTIONAL AND TABILIZATION MECHANIM Stabilization cable above suspension (convex lens shaped)
Primary cable Compression ring
Tension ring
Tie
Secondary cable
SECTIONAL AND TABILIZATION MECHANIM Stabilization cable below suspension (convex lens shaped)
Tension ring
Compression ring
DISHED SHELL ROOF
Tension ring Central pot
Compression ring
TENT ROOF
Main cable
Roof panel
Strut
Anchor
SINGLY CURVED SINGLE LAYER CABLE SUPENDED ROOF
Primary cable
Secondary cable
Edge member
DIAMOND SHAPED DOUBLE CURVATURE NET
CABLE SUSPENDED BRIDGES
SLAB SUPPORTED BY STEEL SUSPENDERS SUSPENDED FROM STEEL CABLES SUPPORTED BY MASTS)
(DECK
A SUSPENSION BRIDGE IS A CABLE SUPPORTED STRUCTURE
HANGERS BRIDGE DECK ANCHOR BLOCKS MAST
SUSPENION CABLES
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
Anchor Cable
Compression ring
CABLE SUSPENDED BRIDGE WITH STEEL DECK AND STEEL MASTS
MAIN CABLES
SUSPENDER CABLES
BRIDGE DECK
SUPPORTING MAST
CABLE SUSPENSION BRIDGES
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES (DECK SLAB SUPPORTED BY STEEL CABLES SPLAYED AND SUPPORTED BY MASTS)
(i) (ii) (iii)
HFL
(i) (ii)
(i). Steel Cables (ii). Mast (iii). Bridge Deck
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DECK
A CABLE STAYED BRIDGE WITH PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DECK
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - HARP TYPE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - FAN TYPE
Cables
HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE ANCHOR
Rock bed
AHCHORAGE FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE
STROMSEND
BRIDGE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES - SOME LIVE EXAMPLES
SEVERIN BRIDGE
DUSSELDORF BRIDGE
NORDERELDE
BRIDGE
SECOND HOOGHLY BRIDGE, KOLKATTA A CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - HARP TYPE
Cable
HIGH STIREHGTH CONC. ANCHOR
Rock bed
AHCHORAGF OF SUSPENIOS BRIDE CABLE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - FAN TYPE
Cables
HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE ANCHOR
Rock bed
AHCHORAGE FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE
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