3 G TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY RISHABH KUMAR EE(6TH SEMESTER) 0716220041
WHAT IS 3G?
3G or third generation technology is a convergence of various second generation telecommunication systems. This technology is intended for smartphones(multimedia cell phones). It is a technology which has the ability to unite existing cellular standards such as CDMA,GSM&TDMA.
Division of 3G network
Macro cell - the area of largest coverage, e.g., an entire city. Micro cell - the area of intermediate coverage, e.g., a city centre. Pico cell - the area of smallest coverage, e.g., a "hot spot" in a hotel or airport.
Why there is subdivision of regions?
Because smaller regions (shorter ranges) allow higher user density&faster transmission data rates. TDD mode does not allow long range transmission.For this reason,TDD mode can only be used in environments where the propagation delay is small.
Two basic technologies to achieve multiple access in 3G
TDMA is Time Division Multiple Access. It works by dividing a single radio frequency into many small time slots. Each caller is assigned a specific time slot for transmission. Again, because of the rapid switching, each caller has the impression of having exclusive use of the channel. CDMA is Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA works by giving each user a unique code. The signals from all the users can then be spread over a wide frequency band. The transmitting frequency for any one user is not fixed but is allowed to vary within the limits of the band. The receiver has knowledge of the sender's unique code, and is therefore able to extract the correct signal no matter what the frequency.
EVOLUTION OF 3G
Some technologies used with 3G
EDGE(enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). UTRA(universal terrestrial radio access). UMPS(universal micro controller stimulator). WCDMA(wideband code division multiple access).
Generation of wireless technology and networks
First generation wireless systems used Analog technologies to provide circuit-switched access for mobile voice telephony AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) Second generation wireless systems use the earliest digital technologies to provide mainly circuit-switched access for mobile voice telephony GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) TDMA IS-54, IS-136 TDMA IS-95 CDMA Third generation wireless systems use improved digital technologies to provide packet-switched access for advanced voice and data applications wider-bandwidth, higher-capacity, more features and applications CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1xEV DO, DV, 3xRTT - migration path from IS-95 GPRS & UMTS - migration path from GSM and IS-136 TDMA EDGE - migration path from TDMA Fourth Generation technologies are erupting into the marketplace, a revolution that could topple (or be absorbed by) the established players.
How is 3G different from 2G and 4G?
While 2G stands for second-generation wireless telephone technology, 1G networks used are analog, 2G networks are digital and 3G (third-generation) technology is used to enhance mobile phone standards. 3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging). The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices. Currently, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and Samsung are testing 4G communication.
Applications
It would provide u-Information, n -Tertainment, @-Location services, e-Commerce & m-Communications. Trendy teenagers Call friends - whenever. Download and listen to the latest sounds on an MP3 player. Get a ticket for the latest gig at a keystroke, and pay for it with e-credits on their account. Powerful professionals Keep in contact with clients and the office - from anywhere in the world. Stop off at a motorway service station to review and change an on-line presentation. Reschedule a flight reservation during a meeting which looks set to overrun. Grey generation Alarm button to call family or emergency services gives a feeling of safety and security. Upload shopping list from fridge, visit supermarket and receive details of promotional offers based on their consumer profile, and pay using their 3G credit account.
Arguments
Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses Numerous differences in the licensing terms Large amount of debt currently sustained by many telecommunication companies, which makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators Expense of 3G phones Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including Internet access Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand held device.
MTNL LAUNCHED 3G IN NEWDELHI
THANK YOU
