Six Sigma
Marish Kumar Gupta M.E.(Regular) 20102012 Roll No.-102407 NITTTR,Chandigarh
Contents
Process Improvement Goals What affects software? Six Sigma Six Sigma Levels
Metric Philosophy Methodology
Six Sigma Personnel DMAIC vs. DMADV Six Sigma Strengths Six Sigma Weaknesses Difference between six sigma projects and typical software
projects References
Process Improvement Goals
Process Goals
Improve Schedule and budget predictability Improve cycle time/time to market Increase productivity Improve quality (as measured by defects)
Increase customer satisfaction
Improve employee morale Decrease cost of quality Companies want to increase return on investment
What affects software?
People
Process
Technology
Six Sigma; What is it?
According to David Card, (IEEE Software 2000), Six
sigma is A generic quantitative approach to improvement that applies to any process. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving towards six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process -- from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service.
Six Sigma Levels
Six Sigma can be identified at three levels: Metric Methodology Philosophy
Metric
3.4 Defects Per Million
Opportunities (DPMO) DPMO allows you take complexity of product/process into account Most companies are within 3 standard deviations of the mean
Metric
The higher the
sigma value, the better the process is capable of producing defect free results To be in this six sigma range you must have a quality product 99.9999998% of the time.
Philosophy
Reduce variation in your business and
make customer-focused, data driven decisions Translate customer needs into operational measurements
Methodology
Structured problem solving techniques and
roadmap Two primary sub-methodologies in Six Sigma
DMAIC DMADV
DMAIC
Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control
Tool for incremental process improvement of
existing processes within an organization that fall below required specification
DMAIC(cont.)
Define
Define the problem or process to improve upon related to the
customer and goals
Measure
How can you measure this process in a systematic way?
Analyze
Analyze the process or problem and identify the way in which it can
be improved. What are the root causes of problems within the process?
Improve
Once you know the causes of the problems, present solutions for
them and implement them
Control
Utilize Statistical Process Control to continuously measure your
results and ensure you are improving Several Software Packages available to assist in measuring yield, defects per million opportunities, etc.
DMADV
Define-Measure-Analyze-Design-Verify Methodology for producing new processes that
meet the Six Sigma Quality levels desired Similar to DMAIC, however, we have a design stage here DFSS
Design-For-Six-Sigma Using models or prototypes to create designs and
ensure they are effective in meeting goals
DMAIC vs. DMADV
Six Sigma Personnel
Champion Manager/Director/Executive who makes sure the resources are in place for a Six Sigma project Master Black Belts Quality experts in an organization Responsible for strategic implementation Teach/Mentor other Black and Green Belts Black Belts Six Sigma team leaders responsible for implementing process improvement projects within the business Green Belts Employee of an organization that has some training in Six Sigma and may lead a Six Sigma project, but only as part of their job
Six Sigma Strengths
Generic Process Improvement Strategy can be
applied to any process Trained personnel working on process improvements for organization on continuous basis
Six Sigma Weaknesses
Derived from manufacturing which has a real tangible
process that is easy to measure and apparent, as opposed to software engineering No formal connection to ISO 9000
ISO 9000 and CMM have milestones and certifications
Six Sigma relies on training personnel (black belts)
that look for areas that need improvement which may not be the best way to go about this
Costs also involved in training for Six Sigma
Focuses on Internal process experience and doesnt
consider external technology or best practices
Difference between Six Sigma Projects and Typical Software projects
According to Zhedan Pan, Hyuncheol Park, the six sigma projects and typical software projects can be differentiated by the following parameters:
Start
Team
Objectives Processes Toolkits
References
David N. Card, Sorting out Six Sigma and the CMM, IEEE
Software, May June 2000, pp. 11-13 Zhedan Pan, Hyuncheol Park, A Six Sigma Framework for Software Process Improvements and its Implementation, Information and Communications University, Republic of Korea, 2002 Six Sigma, http://www.isixsigma.com/
Thank You
