Recent Trends In Non-Conventional
Energy Sources
Biodiesel: Fuel For Next Generation Vehicles Presented by: Omkar V Karandikar Amit H Khamkar
Introduction
Increasing fuel prices. Increasing air pollution.
Quotes about Biodiesel
Biodiesel offers the.. Only Opportunity for producing a renewable ecological transport fuel - by Dr. Kerr Walker ( Scottish Agricultural College )
Quotes about Biodiesel
The Diesel engine can be fed with Vegetable oils & would help considerably in the development of agriculture of the countries which use it "The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time." - Dr. Rudolf Diesel
History of Biodiesel
The concept of using vegetable oil as a fuel is nothing new. Dr. Rudolf Diesel first developed the diesel engine in 1895 with the full intention of running it on a variety of fuels, including vegetable oil. Diesel demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 using peanut oil as fuel.
What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel is defined as the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid sources. Biodiesel is typically produced through the reaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield glycerin and biodiesel (chemically called methyl esters).
Properties and Advantages
A non-toxic and biodegradable fuel for diesel engines A renewable and domestically produced energy source Reduces regulated emissions: PM, HC, CO, Nox Utilizes existing vehicles and current fueling infrastructure Can be used pure as an alternative fuel for diesel engines Reduces the black smoke and eliminates the nauseating smell associated with petro diesel Can be blended with petroleum diesel fuel to enhance fuel performance and properties
Properties and Advantages
Raises cetane for less engine knock Improves lubricity for longer injector pump life Works to keep injectors, fuel pumps, and lines clean Reduces epa-targeted emissions and is non-toxic and biodegradable Least cost method for epact compliance
Transesterification
Transesterification is the process of using an alcohol (e.g., methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, to chemically break the molecule of the raw renewable oil into methyl or ethyl esters of the renewable oil with glycerol as a by-product.
The Process
Oil is collected from any restaurant fryer and filtered through the big blue filter
to remove any bits of food. If the outside temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit, the oil is heated in the steam kettle until it is over 90 degrees. Methanol and lye are mixed in the 5-gallon bucket with the drill mixer. The methanol/lye mixture is pumped into the kettle with the oil. The oil and methanol/lye mixture are stirred using the outboard boat motor for 1 hour. The entire mixture is left to settle for 8 hours. Glycerin settles to the bottom of the kettle and is removed for use as soap. The remaining liquid is biodiesel, which is filtered through the yellow Raycor filter. The biodiesel is ready to use in any diesel engine.
The Green Grease Machine
Applications
The Veggie Van The Veggie Plane Biodiesel in Poland
Conclusion & Findings
Biodiesel reduces Carbon Dioxide emissions by up to 100% because it is a renewable fuel. This is very important because as you can see in the chart here, carbon dioxide contributes to 50% of the Greenhouse Effect. Biodiesel can be used alone or mixed in any amount with petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is more lubricating than diesel fuel, so it increases the life of engines. Biodiesel is safe to handle because it is biodegradable and non-toxic. Biodiesel has a high flash point, or ignition temperature, of about 300 F compared to petroleum diesel fuel, which has a flash point of 125 F. This means it's safer to transport. Auto ignition, fuel consumption, power output, and engine torque are relatively unaffected by biodiesel. So basically, the engine just runs like normal (except for the smell).
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