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DBA Lecture 1

The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Modern Database Management". It introduces the database environment, defining data, databases, information and metadata. It describes the problems with traditional file processing approaches, such as data redundancy and lack of data sharing. The document then presents the database approach using a Database Management System as a solution, allowing for centralized data storage and management. It discusses advantages like improved data integrity, accessibility and sharing. Finally, it outlines the typical components involved in a database environment.

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Nazif Mal
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views

DBA Lecture 1

The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Modern Database Management". It introduces the database environment, defining data, databases, information and metadata. It describes the problems with traditional file processing approaches, such as data redundancy and lack of data sharing. The document then presents the database approach using a Database Management System as a solution, allowing for centralized data storage and management. It discusses advantages like improved data integrity, accessibility and sharing. Finally, it outlines the typical components involved in a database environment.

Uploaded by

Nazif Mal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: The Database Environment

Modern Database Management 6th Edition


Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. McFadden Instructor: Mr. Sadiq Shah Date: 10/09/12

Tentative Grading Policy


20% Mid Tem Exam 70% Final Exam 5% Project/Assignments/Presentation

5% Quizzes

Chapter 1

Class Etiquettes
Respect each others Keep your mobiles switched off

Be careful of class timing


Late comer may be not allowed Delay talks with colleagues

Avoid interruption in class

Chapter 1

Definitions
Data: facts, text, graphics, images, sound,

video segments that have some meaning. Database: An organized collection of logically related data Information: Data processed to be useful in decision making Metadata: Data that describes data

Chapter 1

Figure 1-1a Data in Context

Large volume of facts, difficult to interpret or make decisions based on

Chapter 1

Figure 1-1b Summarized data Useful information that managers can use for decision making and interpretation

Chapter 1

Table 1-1 Metadata Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the data, including data types, field sizes, allowable values, and documentation

Chapter 1

Disadvantages of File Processing


Program-Data Dependence
All programs maintain metadata for each file they use

Data Redundancy (Duplication of data)


Different systems/programs have separate copies of the same

data
Limited Data Sharing
No centralized control of data

Lengthy Development Times


Programmers must design their own file formats

Excessive Program Maintenance


80% of of information systems budget
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Chapter 1

Figure 1-2 Three file processing systems at Pine Valley Furniture

Duplicate Data

Chapter 1

Problems with Data Dependency


Each application programmer must maintain

their own data Each application program needs to include code for the metadata of each file Lack of coordination and central control Non-standard file formats

10

Chapter 1

Problems with Data Duplication


Waste of space to have duplicate data
Causes more maintenance headaches

The biggest Problem: When data changes in one file, could cause inconsistencies Compromises data integrity
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Chapter 1

SOLUTION: The DATABASE Approach


Central repository of shared data Data is managed by a controlling

agent Stored in a standardized, convenient form


Requires a Database Management System (DBMS)

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Chapter 1

Database Management System

A DBMS is a data storage and retrieval system

which permits data to be stored non-redundantly while making it appear to the user as if the data is well-integrated.

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Chapter 1

Database Management System


Application #1

Application #2

DBMS
DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources

Database containing centralized shared data

Application #3

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Chapter 1

Advantages of Database Approach


Program-Data Independence
Metadata stored in DBMS, so applications dont need to

worry about data formats Results in: increased application development and maintenance productivity

Minimal Data Duplication


Leads to increased data integrity/consistency

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Chapter 1

Advantages of Database Approach


Improved Data Sharing
Different users get different views of the data

Enforcement of Standards
All data access is done in the same way

Better Data Accessibility/ Responsiveness


Use of standard data query language (SQL)

Security, Backup/Recovery, Concurrency


Disaster recovery is easier

16

Chapter 1

Costs and Risks of the Database Approach


Up-front costs:
Installation Management Cost and Complexity Conversion Costs

Ongoing Costs
Requires New, Specialized Personnel Need for Explicit Backup and Recovery

Organizational Conflict
Old habits die hard

17

Chapter 1

Figure 1-5 Client/server system for Pine Valley Furniture Company

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Chapter 1

Figure 1-6 Customer invoice (Pine Valley Furniture Company) Application program functions: inserting new data, updating existing data, deleting existing data, reading data for display

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Chapter 1

The Range of Database Applications


Personal Database standalone desktop

database Workgroup Database local area network (<25 users) Department Database local area network (25100 users) Enterprise Database wide-area network (hundreds or thousands of users)

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Chapter 1

Figure 1-7 Typical data from a personal computer database

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Chapter 1

Figure 1-8 Workgroup database with local area network

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Chapter 1

Figure 1-9 An enterprise data warehouse

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Chapter 1

Components of the Database Environment


CASE Tools computer-aided software engineering Repository centralized storehouse of metadata Database Management System (DBMS) software for

managing the database Database storehouse of the data Application Programs software using the data User Interface text and graphical displays to users Data Administrators personnel responsible for maintaining the database System Developers personnel responsible for designing databases and software End Users people who use the applications and databases

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Chapter 1

Figure 1-10 Components of the database environment

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Chapter 1

End of lecture 1

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Chapter 1

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