By Soumya Marium Mathew Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery
Education is a powerful tool by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and promoting individual freedom and empowering them through the full participation of citizens.
RIGHT TO EDUCATION
Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Article 14 of the International Covenant on Social and Cultural Rights.
Ensures free, compulsory primary education for all children. An obligation to develop an equitable access to secondary education and higher education A responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education.
Availability of skilled and qualified educators
Barriers to education are eliminated
Resource allocation for educational needs for all
AVAILABILITY
ACCESSIBILITY
Elimination of obstacles against progression and employment
RIGHT TO EDUCATION FRAMEWORK
Quality education Promotion of full ADAPTAB ILITY ACCEPATBILITY human potential Safe environments Equitable achievements for all Professional teachers
MAJOR INITIATIVES
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan Jan Shikshan Sansthans District Primary Education Programme Vocationalisation of secondary education
Cont
Means-cum-merit scholarship scheme Rashtriya Madyamik Shiksha Abhiyan Model Schools Inclusive education for Disabled at Secondary education Incentives to girls for secondary education Adolescence education programme Establishment of womens hostels for universities, colleges, polytechnics Establishment of Colleges in SC/ST concentrated villages Indira Gandhi Tribal University
INDIAN EDUCATION STATUS
Literacy Total Population Literacy Male Literacy - Female 59.5% 70.2% 53.63% 133rd of 160 130th of 156
Youth (1524 years) literacy rate, 2000 2007*, male
Youth (1524 years) literacy rate, 2000 2007*, female
87
77
PRIMARY EDUCATION
Duration of education - Primary Primary Education Completion Rate Pupil Teacher Ratio Primary Teaching Weeks per year - Primary
6 90 40.2 42 weeks per year 89.81 0.97
Net enrollment rate (%), primary level, total Gender parity index (GPI), gross enrollment ratio in primary education Percentage of repeaters (%), primary Drop-out rate (%), primary
3.45 34.21
Duration of education - Secondary
5
4.68
SECONDARY EDUCATION
Percentage of repeaters (%), secondary Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary
32.70
TERITIARY EDUCATION
Education enrollment by level Tertiary level Enrollment Universities - top 100 Universities top 500
11,295,041
10.5% 2 3
EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION
Public education expenditure as % of GDP
Education spending (% of total govt. expenditure) 12.7% Public spending on education, total - % of govt. expenditure Public spending per student Primary level 10.74%
3.18
7.2
CHALLENGES
Drop outs Illiteracy of adults and women Academic degrees without vocational use Corrupted educational system Class base educational system with dualistic character Inadequate resources Non - reachability of Government programmes and policies Political interference in schools and colleges Lack of educational opportunities for weaker sections Low quality of syllabus Education as a money spinning business
School drop outs still exist. Why?? Are adults and women underprivileged to be literate??
Why degrees without job orientation??
Who is responsible for the corrupted educational system?? Is still gender bias existing?? Should our children be taught in a unsafe condition??
Infra structure Do Matters..!!!
Who will neutralize this gap..?
Is Higher Education Accessible
Affordable????
