3D-Dynamic design for reinforced versus prestress concrete for Al-Huriya building
Prepared by Nizar Abed Al-Majeed Salameh Mohamed Khaled Abu-Al Huda
Supervisor Dr. Imad Al-Qasem
CHAPTER ONE INTROUCTION
The project is a structural analysis and 3D-Dynamic design of an office building in Ramallah city, known as AL-Huriya, which consists of a seven stories, with 3.5 height except the first floor with 4m story height.
The building will be first designed under a static load, after that we will study the building for dynamic , finally a prestress concrete will be used to design the building to compare it with the reinforcement concrete, to conclude many factors that should be taken into consideration in designing any structure. These include economic factors , durability and the safety of its inhabitants.
Materials
System Reinforced Concrete Part Slab Beams Fc 250 kg/cm2 250 kg/cm2 fy 4200 kg/cm2 4200 kg/cm2
Columns
Footings Prestress Concrete slab Columns Footings
500 kg/cm2
250 , 500 kg/cm2 6000Psi 500 kg/cm2 250 , 500 kg/cm2
4200 kg/cm2
4200 kgcm2 243Ksi 4200 kg/cm2 4200 kg/cm2
Loads
Live load Super imposed load 0.4ton/m2 0.3ton/m2
CHAPTER TWO SLAB
One way solid slab is used only as slab system
Use slab thickness of 17cm , according to deflection requirement In design phase of the slab, there are two strip(1m) taken as a model. Loads distribution
Strip I
Wu=1.51
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Strip II
Wu=1.51
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Moment distribution
Strip I
Strip II
Use 412mm for negative and positive moment
CHAPTER THREE
BEAMS
Beams in this part of the project will be designed using reactions from beam model in SAP2000.
The girder system is used to design the building, and all of the beams are dropped; multi span and large space beams are used in all floors.
The system of the building consist of a four beams group (B1, B2, B3, B4) And a two group of girders (G1, G2).
Moment Design
Parameter Units Dimensions cm Mn ton.m As cm2 Vn ton Vc ton Vs ton Av cm2 S cm
Design for Moment Positive Moment Final Results Beams B1 B2 B3 B4 Dimensions 30x80 50x90 50x90 60x100 Mn 65.61 168.82 183.76 263.26 Exterior spans 0.0102 0.0112 0.0141 0.0133 As 25.45 58.88 63.78 78.50 Mn 1.31 3.44 Interior span 0.0033 0.0033 As 7.62 14.70 -
Negative Moment Interior supports Mn As 58.76 0.0091 22.90 152.17 129.34 0.0113 0.0094 49.06 44.16 -
Positive Moment Final Results Girders Dimensions G1 G2 50x90 90x100 Exterior spans Mn 164.24 384.78 0.0123 0.0129 As 53.97 112.54 1st interior spans Mn 51.99 219.22 .0036 .0069 As 19.63 64.31 2nd interior spans Mn As 39.25 32.15
Negative Moment 1st interior supports Mn 163.62 411.27 0.0123 0.0141 As 53.97 120.58 2nd interior supports Mn 141.8 209.44 0.0104 0.0066 As 40.06 56.27
117.93 .0085 62.57 .0033
Shear Design
Design for Shear Final Results Beams Dimensions Vn Vc Exterior spans Vs Av S Vn Vc Interior span Vs Av S
B1
30x80
31.746
18.855
12.890
1.57
35
21.250
18.855
2.395
1.57
35
B2
B3 B4
50x90
50x90 60x100
80.10
77.22 69.69
35.61
35.61 47.76
44.49
41.61 21.43
3.14
3.14 3.14
25
25 45
54
25.10 -
35.61
35.61 -
18.39
14.875 -
3.14
3.14 -
40
40 -
Final Results Girders Dimension s 50x90 Vn
Exterior spans Vc Vs Av S Vn
1st interior spans Vc Vs Av S Vn Vc
2nd interior span Vs Av S
G1
93.49
35.61
57.88 3.14 20
75.44
35.61 39.83 3.14
25
92.26 35.61 56.65
3.14
20
G2
90x100
229.1
71.64
157.4 3.14
202.6
71.64
131
3.14
99.52 71.64 27.88
3.14
45
Final Results
For positive moment (span)
Negative moment (support)
Beam
Exterior
1st interior
2nd interior
1st interior
2nd interior
B1
1018 1225 1325 1625 1125 1432
318 325
918 1025 925
B2
B3
B4
425 832
825 432
1125 1532
1025 732
G1
G2
CHAPTER FOUR COLUMNS
sixteen columns having a rectangular section, and eight columns having a circular section, will be designed. All the columns in this project are classified into two groups depending on the ultimate axial load and the shape. The ultimate axial load on each column is from the Reaction of beams
Columns number C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Group (1) Group (2) Ultimate load(ton) 144.24 60.96 179.18 452.71 287.65 C1,C2,C3 C4,C5 Ultimate loads from seven stories(ton) 1009.68 426.72 1254.26 3168.97 2013.55 Rectangular Circular
Final Results
Summary of result Group Pu (ton) 1254.26 3168.97 Dimensions(h*b)(cm) spirally (D)(cm) 100*50 Spiral, D=100 As(cm2) # of bars Shear reinforcement
I II
0.0152 0.0206
76.04 267.41
16 25mm 34 32mm
4 10mm/30cm 10mm(spirally)
CHAPTER FIVE FOOTING
In this chapter the footing will be designed, all footings in this part of the project will be isolated (single) footings.
The design will depend on the total axial load carried by each column. The footings are classified into two groups
Group ID F1 F2
Columns included C1,C2,C3 C4,C5
Loads (ton) Dead load 726 1698 Live load 203 504
Group F1 Design
Flexure Design X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = = As = As min = Use As = Bar Diameter # of Bars Needed Spacing 107.12 0.0023 25.62 21.6 25.62 25 6 16.67 cm ton.m
cm2 cm2 cm2 mm
Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel 625/ m 125/16cm 525/20cm
Group F2 Design
Flexure Design
X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = = As = As min = Use As = 274.80 0.0025 43.24 32.4 43.24 ton.m
cm2 cm2 cm2
Bar Diameter
# of Bars Needed Spacing
32
6 16.67
mm
cm
Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel 632/ m 132/16cm 532/20cm
Final Results
Footing ID Width F1 F2 4.6 7.45
Footing Dimentions (m) Length 5.1 7.45 Thickness 1.2 1.8
Bottom Steel Long dir. 625/ m 632/ m Short dir. 625/ m 632/ m
Top Steel Long dir. 325/20cm 332/20cm Short dir. 325/20cm 332/20cm
Ground Beam Design
Final Result
Dimensions G.B G.B I G.B II Width(m) 0.4 0.5 Depth(m) 0.7 0.75 exterior 720 925
Bottom & Top Steel interior 518 518 Support 725 1025
Static vs. Dynamic analysis Static analysis Our representative element will be the bending moment at the mid span of the interior span in the 2nd frame for each model.
We will take model for three stories , seven stories and ten stories then read the moment due to dead load and live load.
Moment due Live Load Dead Load
Three Stories 9.7 25.38
Seven Stories 9.52 24.93 9.72 25.46
Ten Stories 9.54 24.99 9.82 25.77
Average 9.66 25.31
As the result shows, the common practice is correct for interior floors in static analysis
Columns Comparison
Our representative element will be the axial force due to live load .
We will take model for three stories , seven stories and ten stories ,then read the axial force for corner , edge and interior columns in the bottom of each model.
SAP 2000 Analysis Results
Axial Force For
Corner Column
Edge Column Interior Column
Three Stories
Seven Stories
Ten Stories
43.32 ton
86.68 ton 241.98 ton
105.98 ton
207.98 ton 485.37 ton
157.76 ton
302.27 ton 676.77 ton
Tributary area
Tributary area Results
Live Load = 0.4 ton/m2
Axial Force For
Corner Column Edge Column Interior Column
Three Stories 43.03 ton 93.66 ton 187.31 ton
Seven Stories 100.41 ton 218.53 ton 437.06 ton
Ten Stories 143.44 ton 312.19 ton 624.38 ton
Dynamic Analysis
Using SAP 2000 Software
# of Stories
One Three Seven
T(sec)
Mass Participation Ratio
Direction
0.534228 0.435512
1.099129 0.882423 2.092426 1.65703 2.806996 2.21439 2.092426 1.65709
0.995042 0.996652
0.965566 0.970756 0.932716 0.938386 0.913832 0.91895 0.932716 0.938386
X-Direction Y-Direction
X-Direction Y-Direction X-Direction Y-Direction X-Direction Y-Direction X-Direction Y-Direction
Ten
Seven+Elcento
CHAPTER SEVEN PRESTRESS CONCRETE
Introduction Prestress concrete is not a new concept, its backing to 1872. (Jackson), an engineer from California, patented prestressing system that used a tie rod to construct beams or arches from individual blocks. The most practical development in prestressed concrete occurred from (1920 1960).
We will design the prestress building for gravity loads only, and the punching shear excluded from this study.
(ACI units is used)
Material properties and loads
Material properties:fc =6000 Psi fpu = 270 Ksi fpe= 159 Ksi Use strands = 1.0 inch.
fci = 4200 Psf fpy =243 Ksi fy = 60000 Psi Pe= 257597 Ib
Loads:live load (LL) = 80 Psf Super Imposed Load (SID) = 60 Psf
Slab thickness = Slab thickness = = 13.13 inches. Take slab thickness = 13.5 inches.
Slab Design for prestress system
Check stresses:1) check allowable stresses for the prestressing force and the slab own weight.
2) Check the ultimate strength .
Columns design for Prestress system
Sixteen columns having a rectangular section, and eight columns having a circular section, will be designed. All the columns in this project are classified into two groups depending on the ultimate axial load and the shape. The ultimate axial load on each column is from the Tributary area.
Columns number C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Ultimate loads from seven stories(ton) 606.06 1119.30 s 1210.70 1725.00 2240.00
Group (1) Group (2)
C1,C2,C3 C4,C5
Final Results
Summary of result Group I II Dimensions(h*b)(cm) spirally (D)(cm) 95*55 Spiral, D=90 0.0123 0.0142 3 As(cm2) 28.16 128.68 # of bars 8 22mm 16 32mm Shear reinforcement 4 10mm/25cm 10mm(spirally)
Footing design for prestress system
All footings in this part of the project will be isolated (single) footings. The design will depend on the total axial load carried by each column.
The footings are classified into two groups
Group ID F1 F2
Columns included C1,C2,C3 C4,C5
Loads (ton) Dead load Live load 694 236 1284 437
Group F1 Design
Flexure Design X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = = As = As min = 108.34 0.0020 24.34 23.4 cm2 cm2 ton.m
Use As =
24.34
cm2
Bar Diameter # of Bars Needed Spacing Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel
25 5 20
mm
cm
525/ m 125/20cm 525/20Cm
Group F2 Design
Flexure Design X-Y Direction Steel Design Mu = 222.97 ton.m
=
As = As min =
0.0031
42.71 27 cm2 cm2
Use As =
42.71
cm2
Bar Diameter # of Bars Needed Spacing Use Main Steel Or Shrinkage Steel
28 7 14.29
mm
cm
728/ m 128/14cm 528/20cm
Final Results
Footing Dimentions (m) Footing ID
Bottom Steel
Top Steel
Width
4.65 6.6
Length
5.05 6.6
Thickness
1.3 1.5
Long dir.
525/ m 728/ m
Short dir.
525/ m 728/ m
Long dir.
325/20cm 328/20cm
Short dir.
325/20c m 328/20c m
F1 F2
