AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

A PRESENTATION ON PRACTICLE TRAINING TAKEN AT ALTTC GHAZIABAD (BSNL).

PRESENTED BY PRIYANK VERMA VIIth SEM, ECE 1002731073

ABOUT ALTTC
ABOUT ALTTC Advanced Level Telecom Training Centre(ALTTC), Ghaziabad is the apex training institute of BSNL. ALTTC was set up as joint venture of ITU, Geneva, UNDP and the Govt. of India. It imparts excellent training level in the field of Telecom technology. The training areas cover vast spectrum of topics such as Digital Switching; Mobile Communication: GSM, 3G, CDMA; Data communication and Information Technology: Broadband , Database Administration, Server Administration; Optical Network and Telecom Network Planning.

TABLE OF CONTENT
TELECOMMUNICATION WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION WHY TELECOMMUNICATION TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING. LOCAL EXCHANGE. MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION. BROADBAND MARKET SHARE FIBER OPTICS

TELECOMMUNICATION
What is Telecommunication!

Telecommunication is the exchange of information, messages , pictures etc from one point to another distant point as per desire of the user and under the control of some system.

WHY TELECOMMUNICATIONS?
Telecommunication is important as it is key to

Rapid economic development

Social development

Development of Information Technology

Development of industry

TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATION

LOCAL EXCHANGE

Telephone wires consists of 2 pairs of copper wires Distribution box (DB) is installed where a new telephone connection is needed When receiver is placed on the telephone system- ON HOOK When the receiver is picked up from the telephone system- OFF HOOK ON HOOK OFF HOOK Battery is not supplied Battery is supplied

DIALTONE- Indication by exchange that its ready for the call to be made

Its done in EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

After making the call, exchange provides ringback tone to the caller and ringing current to the receiver.

CM-

Central Module (heart of exchange)

BM-

Base Module

IOM- Input/Output Module (I/O Processor in exchange) AMAdministrative Module

SWITCHING

SWITCHING
Switching is basically transfer of information from one point to another point with some intelligence or control or
Switching is basically establishing a temporary path or connection between two points or writing at one point of time and reading at another point of time.

TYPES OF SWITCHING
TWO MODES OF SWITCHING:
CIRCUIT SWITCHING

PACKET SWITCHING

CIRCUIT SWITCHING
A CIRCUIT BETWEEN THE CALLING PARTY AND CALLED PARTY IS SET UP AND THIS CIRCUIT IS KEPT RESERVED TILL THE CALL IS COMPLETED

PACKET SWITCHING
The information(speech, data etc.) is divided into packets. Each packet containing piece of information also bears source and destination address.

TIME SWITCHING
Time Switching involves the interconnection of different- slots on the incoming and out going highways by reassigning the channel sequence. Example: A time slot TSx of an I/C highway can be connected to a different time slot TSy, of the outgoing highway. In other words, a time switch is basically a time slot changer

TIME SWITCHING

SPACE SWITCHING
Space switch is used to change the PCM but within the same time slot

TIME SPACE SWITCH

Step 1: Input Time Stage TS4 HWY0 to Step 2: Space Storage TSXHWY0 to Step 3: Output Time Stage TSXHWY3 to TSXHWY0

TSXHWY3

TS6HWY3

MOBILE TECHNOLOGY

 Antennas have umbrella-like structure to protect the Equipment, from the effects of the atmosphere. Mobile is an online system always connected to the system of BTS (Base Transceiver Station). As the number of customers increases coverage area decreases. Mobile checks 16 BTS available at a time. Whichever has high signal strength, mobile takes signal from that BTS. A Signal Tower has three sectors in its antenna North A(1) East B(2) SouthWest C(3) These are universal direction of sectors.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Base Switching Centre (BSC)

Main Switching Centre (MSC)

Operational Maintenance Centre (OMC)

BT S BT S

BT S BT S

BS C

BS C

BS C

MSC

OM C

Into the architecture

BTS Houses the radio transceivers of the cell and handles the radio-link protocols with the mobile BSC Manages radio resources (channel setup, handover) for one or more BTSs

Into the architecture

MSC Mobile Switching Center The central component of the network

Like a telephony switch plus everything for a mobile subscriber: registration, authentication, handovers, call routing, connection to fixed networks.
Each switch handles dozens of cells

INTO THE ARCHITECTURE

HLR- Home Location Register It contains entry for each subscriber Mostly contains static and permanent information about the subscriber. Stores information like Subscriber status, service subscribed etc. Temporary information such as current VLR number and MSC number. Central location to route calls within the respective mobile operators network

Into the architecture

VLR Visitor Location Register A database that contains part of the data available in the HLR and other dynamic information about the mobile stations EIR database of valid equipment AuC Database of users secret keys

Sharing
GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to let everybody talk. FDMA: 25MHz freq. is divided into 124 carrier frequencies. Each base station gets few of those.

TDMA: Each carrier frequency is divided into bursts [0.577 ms]. 8 bursts are a frame.

BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
The term BROADBAND refers to high speed internet access. It is non specific term. In fact there is no specific international definition for broadband. As the Internet market continues to grow, demand for greater BW and faster connection speed have led to broadband access to all consumer. The rapid growth of distributed business application , e-commerce and BW intensive application (such as multimedia , video conferencing and video on-demand ) generate the demand for BW and access network.

NEED FOR BROADBAND

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:Telecommuting Video conferencing Home based business Home office

ENTERTAINMENT ACTIVITIES:Web surfing Video on-demand Video games

CONSUMER ACTIVITIES:Telemedicine Distance learning Information gathering Photography Video conferencing among friends and family

BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY TYPES

It can be divided in to following categories:

Wire line technology Wireless technology

WIRELINE TECHNOLOGY
Digital subscriber line(DSL) on copper loop Optical fiber technology Cable TV networking PLC(power line communication)

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Satellite Media Terrestrial Wireless 3G Mobile Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) WiMax LMDS and MMDS FSO (free space optics)

OPTICAL FIBER

OPTICAL FIBER
The main object of optical fiber is to guide light waves with minimum of attenuation(loss of signal). It is composed of fine threads of glass in layer called core and cladding. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.

PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL FIBER

Its works on total internal reflection with in a fiber core. The core has higher refractive index then then cladding.

The beam that strikes the surface at more then the critical angel to be reflected.

THANK YOU
EVERYONE FOR YOUR ATTENTION