What is Safety?
Safety
Freedom from un expectable risk of harm It is set of rules which is required to save the human life, equipments and environment;
Accident
The undesirable event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, property damage or other losses
Incident
Event that gave rise to an accident or had the potential to lead to accident
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Types of Accidents
Near Miss Accident:
An event that has the potential to lead to an accident or an accident where no ill health, injury, damage or other loss occurs.
Dangerous Occurrence:
As prescribed under Section 88-A of the Factories Act and relevant Factories Rules: Ex: Bursting of Pressure Vessel, Release of Toxic or harmful gases, collapse of building, overturning of a crane etc. (without causing injuries)
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Types of Accidents
Non Reportable Injury:
Non-Reportable injury is an injury by reason of which the person injured is prevented from working for a period of less than 48 hours immediately following the accident.
Reportable Injury:
An injury causing disablement extending 48 hours beyond the day or shift on which the accident occurred.
1 30
Fatal` Reportable accidents Near miss accident
3
300
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Types of accidents
Depending on injury
1. 2. 3. 4.
Fatal Serious / major / lost time Minor No injury accidents
0.3 % of all accident produce major injuries
8.8 % of all accidents produce minor injuries
90.9 % of all accidents produce no injuries
4
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Types of Accidents
Electric shock / flash over. Fall from height. Falling object / caught in between Caught in between moving object. Inhalation of hazardous gases / fumes. Cave- in, in excavation work. Falling into pit/ drowning
Road accidents
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Theory of Accident
A personal injury occurs only as a result of an accident. An accident occurs only as a result of unsafe action or exposure to an
unsafe mechanical or physical conditions of work
persons / management.
Unsafe actions or unsafe conditions exist only because of fault of the Faults of persons are inherited or acquired form the environment. The
unsafe actions may be due to anatomical, physiological, lack of education, improper attitude, lack of knowledge or skill.
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes and Factors of Accidents
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
ORIGIN OF FAULTS HUMAN FAILURE UNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE CONDITION
ACCIDENT
INJURY
ACC Limited Suraksha Jagran
8
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Unsafe Act of Persons Unsafe Mechanical / Physical Condition Natural Calamities
88 %
10 %
2%
98 % OF THE ACCIDENTS CAN BE PREVENTED.
9
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of an Accident
Unsafe Conditions - Inadequate working conditions - Controllable
Unsafe Act
Lack of control Basic causes Immediate causes Incident Loss
10
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe Acts
A departure from an accepted, normal or correct procedure or practice which has in the past actually produced injury or property damage or has the potential for producing such loss in the future.
11
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes that Lead to Unsafe Acts
Lack of knowledge or skill (Unaware of safe practice, unskilled etc.) Improper attitude (disregard of instruction etc.) Physical or mental deficiency (defective eye sight or hearing, fatigue etc.)
12
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe Acts
Improper PPEs PPEs not being used Use of non insulated tools Use of plier for pulling of fuses
Fuses kept in compartments
Tools not suitable for Environment
Conditions
Colour coading,voltage, technical details
not displayed
PTW system not followed
Casual approach in isolation Over confidence Behavioral aspects
Working in drunken condition
13
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Elimination of Unsafe act
Initial job instructions Priority to Engg. Revision over work method Stressing the after effect of an accident Appeal to the workers love for his family Showing disapproval of Unsafe Acts. Education
14
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe conditions
Any physical condition which deviates from accepted norm or practice and has the potential to cause accident.
15
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe conditions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Inadequate / lack of guards Defective tools / equipments Unsafe / no scaffold Lack of shield Defective vehicles Lack of electrical earthing
7.
8. 9.
Congested areas
Poor illumination Lack of insulation on hot and cold surfaces
10.
Lack of cordoning
16
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe conditions
17
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe conditions
18
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe conditions
Immediately remove damaged or defective slings from service
ACC Limited Suraksha Jagran
19
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Causes of Accident: Unsafe conditions
20
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Methods of Prevention of Accidents
1. Eliminating unsafe actions by means of Personal adjustment Safety education and training Proper supervision Discipline Creating and sustaining enthusiasm
21
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Methods of Prevention of Accidents
2. Eliminating unsafe conditions by means of
Safe guarding all machines, equipments, work places etc. Rectifying or preventing defective conditions Safe design and construction Safe methods and practices, arrangements Adequate and suitable illumination and ventilation Safe dress and personal protective equipments
ACC Limited Suraksha Jagran
22
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Methods of Prevention of Accidents
Detection and correction of U.C.
Regular and planned Safety inspection. Conditions such as material left in the passage, guard which has been removed, improperly stacked material etc can be eliminated without the assistance of any one in higher Management. Management help would be required. [In case of broken flooring, damaged ladder, etc. ] Reporting to appropriate authority and strive to eliminate the hazard Priority to eliminate hazardous conditions Better not to depend too much on human elements 23
ACC Limited Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Methods of Prevention of Accidents
3. Discovering causes by means of -Job Safety analysis -Investigating accidents -Inspection of plants and equipments -Record and tabulation of data -Analysis of data
24
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Factors of Accidents
The accidents may be due to the following factors
Mechanical These relates to the defects and inadequate safeguards of machinery to unsafe conditions of equipment Inadequately guarded, Unguarded, Unsafe design or construction, Hazardous arrangement (pilling, Overloading, etc.) Environment Illumination ,Ventilation, Temperature, Human
- Individual Factors - Personality factors
ACC Limited
- Psychological Factors - Sociological Factors
25
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Cost of Accident
1. 2.
Cost to injured Cost to Management
26
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Cost of Accident
1.
Cost to injured Pain & suffering of the injury or illness; Loss of income and possible loss of job; Health-care cost Family sufferings
27
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Cost of Accident
2.
Cost to Management A. Direct cost Indirect cost
Compensation paid to the injured person Medical expenses
Lost time of the injured employees. Lost time of foreman,supervisors,executives Cost time of hospital staff. Cost of damage to material & equipment.
B.
28
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Cost of Accident
29
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Need for safety
1. 2. 3. 4.
To safeguard the employees. To increase the production. To reduce the cost of the product. To make use of Human Resources.
30
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Philosophy of safety
1. 2.
Most accidents are preventable. Most accidents are direct result of a faulty/ negative attitude towards safe practice.
3.
4. 5.
Front line Supervisors are in the best position to correct and mould employee attitude.
Conviction is more to be desired than compulsion. Accidents and injuries will continue to occur until each employee follows Safe Practices.
31
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Fall Protection
Any open edge higher than six (6) feet
Guardrail System Safety Net System Personal Fall Arrest System Any fixed ladder higher than 20 feet
Ladder Safety Device (with body harness) Safety Cage with offset landings every 30 feet
32
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Lockout/Tagout
Control of Hazardous Energy
Electrical Mechanical Thermal Pressure Chemical Kinetic / Gravity
Prevention of injuries caused by release of
Hazardous Energy
33
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Lockout
Lock device applied to energy control point
A positive means to secure isolation point Individual reponsible for own lock & key
Preferred method
34
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Tagout
Tag device applied to energy control point
Used in conjunction with Lockout Used when Lockout not feasible
Name, date, time, purpose, etc.
35
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Performing Lockout/Tagout
Preparation
Identify the energy source(s) Determine how to control the energy Dissipate residual energy Block components subject to movement Follow normal stopping procedures Allow motion to stop
Shutdown Equipment
36
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Applying Lockout/Tagout
Close or shut off all energy sources
Apply locks and/or tags Verify isolation - Try
Try the switch Try the start button
Contractors may need assistance or procedures
to identify all energy sources
37
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Removing Lockout/Tagout
Remove tools and equipment Replace guards and covers Check for all clear
Remove your locks and tags
Other locks & tags may remain Notify responsible party of completion
38
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Confined (Permit) Space Entry
OSHA Definition
Limited means of entry or exit Not intended for human occupancy May / could contain a hazardous atmosphere Contains engulfment or entrapment hazards Contains other hazards Tanks, vessels, storage hoppers, pipelines, manholes, tankers, bins, excavations, etc.
39
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Classes of Fires
40
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Classes of Fires
41
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Fire Extinguishant Materials
Water - class A only - cools /removes heat Dry Chemical - class A, B, or C - interferes with chemical
reaction
Carbon Dioxide - class A, B, or C (usually C) - removes
Oxygen / smothers fire
Halon (being phased out - ozone) class A, B, or C (usually
C) - removes Oxygen / smothers fire fires
Metl-X - class D only - specialized dry chemical for metal Foam Class B, holds down vapors
42
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
Good Safety Practices
Inspect work area daily Be an observer - stay alert Housekeeping, Housekeeping, Housekeeping
Use your best safety device - THINK
If youre not sure - ASK someone!! Report Injuries/Incidents/Illnesses
Report safety issues to the safety committee
43
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
44
ACC Limited
Suraksha Jagran
27Julu to 1st Aug ,09
