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Different Cycles in Gas Turbine & Steam Turbine

The document compares and contrasts the cycles used in gas turbines and steam turbines for power generation. It discusses the Carnot, Rankine, and Brayton cycles. The Rankine cycle is modified with techniques like reheat and regeneration to increase efficiency. The Carnot cycle establishes the theoretical maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs. The efficiency of actual power cycles is lower due to losses during various processes like heat transfer and energy conversion.

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Ashwani Dogra
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235 views18 pages

Different Cycles in Gas Turbine & Steam Turbine

The document compares and contrasts the cycles used in gas turbines and steam turbines for power generation. It discusses the Carnot, Rankine, and Brayton cycles. The Rankine cycle is modified with techniques like reheat and regeneration to increase efficiency. The Carnot cycle establishes the theoretical maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs. The efficiency of actual power cycles is lower due to losses during various processes like heat transfer and energy conversion.

Uploaded by

Ashwani Dogra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different cycles in Gas turbine & Steam Turbine

Presented By Vatsala Sharma Dy. Director


Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Energy Conversion Efficiency

100%

39%

61%

Heat Input
Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Electrical Energy
Avanta Power

Heat Rejected

The change in entropy,

dQ T

In any spontaneous process, the entropy can not decrease.

S 0.
Avanta Power

This is the second law of thermodynamics, with equality holding for a reversible process.
Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Latent Heat
T
100oC water temp rises water changes to steam (boils)

steam temp rises

Q added to water

Q = m L with L = Latent Heat L [J/kg]: Q is the amount of heat needed to add or remove from a substance with mass m to change the state of that substance.
Substance water
Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Lf (J/kg) Lv (J/kg) 33.5 x 104 22.6 x 105


Avanta Power

The Ideal Gas Law (review)

P V = N kB T
N = number of molecules
N = number of moles (n) x NA molecules/mole

kB = Boltzmanns constant = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K

PV=nRT
R = ideal gas constant = NAkB = 8.31 J/mol/K
Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director Avanta Power

PV Diagrams
PV Diagram-1

Pi
Pf

A gas expands (slowly) from state i to state f. The work done by the gas equals the area under the PV curve.
f

Vi

Vf

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Types of Cycles
Carnot Cycle:- It is a hypothetical / Ideal cycle. Rankine Cycle:- Used in Steam Cycle Modified Rankine Cycle : Reheat & regenerative Cycles Binary Vapour Cycle (Working Fluid is Mercury)

Brayton Cycle:- Used hypothetical in Gas Turbine Otto Cycle Diesel Cycle Vatsala Sharma,Dy Avanta Power
Director

The Carnot Cycle (Engine)


An ideal reversible heat engine (no heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine) A 4 stage engine that operates between 2 temperature reservoirs (Thot and Tcold) consisting of
2 isothermic phases 2 adabatic phases

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Carnot (ideal) engine:


% Efficiency = % eCarnot = (Qinput Qout)/Qinput
since Qinput/Qout = Thot/Tcold the efficiency can be written as

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Simplified Diagram

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Basic Power Plant Cycle

AB Heating of feed water (Sensible heat addition) BC Evaporation of water in boiler (Latend heat addition) CD _ Superheating of Steam (Superheat addition) DE Expansion of steam in turbine FA - Condensation of steam in the condenser

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

13

Modified Rankine Cycle

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Increasing Of Thermal Efficiency


Thermal efficiency of the cycle is defined as: Useful heat/ Total heat Useful heat means that part of total which is used in rotating the turbine , when steam expands adiabatically (no heat is accepted or rejected during the process )in the turbine.

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

THERMAL PROCESS LOSSES

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

Hot Flue gas to Electricity .. Basics


Pollutants

Coal

Super Heated Steam


Heat Loss In Condenser

Turbine Torque
Mech. Energy Loss

Alternating current in Stator


Elet. Energy Loss

Heat

ASH

Loss

Chemical Energy

Thermal Energy

Kinetic Energy

Electrical Energy

Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

Avanta Power

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