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Formation of Sedimentary Rock PowerPoint

Sedimentary rocks form in three main ways: clastically from compacted and cemented sediments, chemically from minerals dissolved in water, and biochemically/organically from remains of living organisms. Sedimentary rocks contain layers called strata, with the oldest layers on the bottom and youngest on top. Fossils are commonly found embedded in sedimentary rocks.

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1K views15 pages

Formation of Sedimentary Rock PowerPoint

Sedimentary rocks form in three main ways: clastically from compacted and cemented sediments, chemically from minerals dissolved in water, and biochemically/organically from remains of living organisms. Sedimentary rocks contain layers called strata, with the oldest layers on the bottom and youngest on top. Fossils are commonly found embedded in sedimentary rocks.

Uploaded by

Daniel Malic
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

There are 2 ways sedimentary rocks are formed 1. Clastic are made from sediments glued together 2. Non-clastic: not glued together---include chemical & biochemical/organic

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS WILL CONTAIN FOSSILS.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORM IN LAYERS CALLED STRATA

Oldest rocks are on the bottom.youngest on top

This is a good example of Stratification

THE 2 CLASSES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS


1. CLASTIC Sedimentary Rocks are made from sediments that come from pre-existing rocks that have been weathered (breaking down into smaller pieces) and eroded (transported away) then glued together. The 2 types of weathering include physical (only size changes) and chemical (a new substance is formed).

Sediments range in size from tiny pieces of clay to sand, to pebbles, and to stuff as big as boulders

Clastic rocks form in a process called lithificaton which means compaction and cementation are occurring

Heres How They Form: Layers of sediment are deposited at the bottom of oceans and lakes As the layers build one on top of another, the pressure on the bottom layers COMPACTS the sediments together In the empty spaces between sediments, natural glues, like calcite, CEMENT the sediments together

Demo of Sedimentator

Look at the processes that are occurring in this animation

Clastic Process

Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks include

CONGLOMERATE

BRECCIA

SHALE

SANDSTONE

2. Non-Clastic contain 2 types: chemical and biochemical


CHEMICAL Sedimentary Rocks are made from mineral crystals that formed from chemicals dissolved in water. Heres How They Form: The water in the oceans, lakes, and underground is often full of dissolved minerals like halite and calcite. Water evaporates leaving the solids behind: rock salt is formed when salt is left after evaporation and limestone is formed when calcite is left behind

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks are also formed in caves where mineral-rich water drips from the ceiling, creating stalactites and stalagmites made out of limestone

Limestone Limestone Cave

Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks include limestone and rock salt

BIOCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC Sedimentary Rocks are made from remains of once-living plants or animals (organic matter) will be found near areas of lots of biological activity this is the sedimentary rock type with the most fossils Biochemical sedimentary rocks include: coquina, chalk, coal and limestone

COQUINA Made from shells

CHALK Made from dead animals

COAL Made from dead plants LIMESTONE with fossils in it

AMAZING EARTH SCIENCE FACTS


1. Sedimentary rocks form 3 ways: Clastic- --compacted & cemented 1. _________ 2. Chemical Biochemical 3. _______________ layers or strata. 2. Sedimentary rocks are found in flat _________

3. _______ Fossils are found in Sedimentary Rocks.


Limestone formed both chemically and organically. 4. ____________is

5. Clastic rocks are made of _____________, sediments examples are conglomerates, sandstone and shale
6. Chemically formed sedimentary rocks form from evaporating ocean water, which leaves behind _____________ rock salt evaporates like ___________.

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