Introduction to Mobile Computing
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Fantastic Breakthrough Technology
Wireless communication networks
multiple networks covering the globe wold-wide deregulation and spectrum auctions standard communication systems and air link interfaces laptops, notebooks, sub-notebooks, and MNCs hand-held computers PDAs and Smartphones TCP/IP & de-facto application protocols ubiquitous web content
R. Rumani M /
[email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
2
Portable information appliances
Internet:
14 April 2014
New Forms of Computing
Wireless Computing Nomadic Computing Mobile Computing Ubiquitous Computing Pervasive Computing Invisible Computing
Distributed Computing (Client/Server)
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Mobile Computing
Using:
small size portable computers, hand-helds, MNC, and other small wearable devices,
To run stand-alone applications (or access remote applications) via:
wireless networks: IR, BlueTooth, W-LANs, Cellular, W-Packet Data networks, SAT. etc.
By:
nomadic and mobile users (animals, agents, trains, cars, cell phones, .)
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Nomadic, Mobile & Ubiquitous
No Network
Fixed Network
Fixed Wireless Network
Wireless Network (A)
Wireless Network (B)
Nomadic Computing
Mobile Computing
Ubiquitous Computing
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Impressive Wireless Infrastructure
Global Satellite
Suburban
Urban In-Building
Micro-Cell Macro-Cell
Pico-Cell dik
In-Room (BlueTooth)
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Wireless Communication Technology
(IMT-2000)
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Wireless Network Convergence
2G/3G Mobility-Bandwidth Trade-off
Mobility
Global National
Regional Metropolitan
GSM
D-AMPS/IS-95
1-7 GHz 0.1-2 GHz
UMTS
0.1-2.3 GHz
2-4 GHz
Campus
Office Room DECT 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 20-50 GHz DECT
2-7 GHz WLAN
>2 GHz
Bandwidth
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
Wireless Network Overlay
Global
Satellite
Suburban
Urban In-Building
Micro-Cell
Pico-Cell
Macro-Cell
dik
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecomm. Standard
Global seamless operation in multi-cell environment (SAT, macro, micro, pico) Global roaming: multi-mode, multi-band, low-cost terminal, portable services & QoS High data rates at different mobile speeds: 144kbps at vehicular speed (80km/h), 384 kbps at pedestrian speed, and 2Mbps indoor (office/home) Multimedia interface to the internet Based on core GSM, conforms to IMT2000. Deployment as early as 2002.
R. Rumani M /
[email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
ITU
IMT
IMT-2000 FPLMTS
ETSI
SMG
UMTS
14 April 2014
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Beneficiaries of Ubiquitous Computing
Internet
Intranet
Commuters Travelers Stock traders Medical Law enforcement Package delivery Education Insurance Emergency Trucking Intelligence Military
Adhoc network
Servers
14 April 2014
Clients
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
11
Limitations of the Mobile Environment
Limitations of the Wireless Network
heterogeneity of fragmented networks frequent disconnections limited communication bandwidth
Limitations Imposed by Mobility Limitations of the Mobile Computer
R. Rumani M /
[email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
14 April 2014
12
Frequent Disconnections
Handoff blank out (>1ms for most cellulars) Drained battery disconnection Battery recharge down time Voluntary disconnection (turned off to preserve battery power, also off overnight) Theft and damage (hostile environment) Roam (ing)-off disconnections
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
13
Limited Communication Bandwidth
Orders of magnitude slower than fixed network Higher transmission bit error rates (BER) Uncontrolled cell population
Difficult to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) Availability issues (admission control)
Asymmetric duplex bandwidth Limited communication bandwidth exacerbates the limitation of battery lifetime.
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
14
Limitations of the Mobile Computer
Short battery lifetime (max ~ 5 hours) Subject to theft and destruction => unreliable Highly unavailable (normally powered-off to conserve battery) Limited capability (display, memory, input devices, and disk space) Lack of de-facto general architecture: handhelds, communicators, laptops, and other devices
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
15
Limitations Imposed by Mobility
Lack of mobility-awareness by applications
inherently transparent programming model (object-, components-oriented, but not aspect-oriented) lack of environment test and set API support
Lack of mobility-awareness by the system
network: existing transport protocols are inefficient to use across heterogeneous mix of fixed/wireless networks session and presentation: inappropriate for the wireless environment and for mobility operating systems: lack of env. related conditions and signals client/server: unless changed, inappropriate and inefficient
14 April 2014
R. Rumani M / [email protected] Telkom School of Engineering
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